Journal articles: 'Gender-blindness'

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KESEBIR, SELIN. "THE LIMITS OF GENDER BLINDNESS." London Business School Review 28, no. 2 (May 2017): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2057-1615.12177.

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Alston, Margaret. "Drought policy in Australia: gender mainstreaming or gender blindness?" Gender, Place & Culture 16, no. 2 (March 30, 2009): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09663690902795738.

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GULTEKIN AKCAY, Zeynep. "Gender Blindness on Turkish Children’s Televisions." Tripodos, no. 50 (July 1, 2021): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2021.50p57-73.

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The representation of the dominant gender-based discourse on television inevitably affects children’s perceptions of masculinity and femininity. Gender blindness, the embodiment of gender hierarchy in which gender differences are exaggerated and attributed to natural differences between men and women, is inevitably used in the media, especially in children’s broadcasting. This study aims to reveal the gender blindness in children’s television on Turkey’s only thematic children’s television stations Minika GO and Minika Cocuk’, focusing on all local productions aired in 2020. Stuart Hall’s conceptualization of representation debates and text analysis expressed as constructing the meaning world of relationships and collective culture, guided the study. The representations are conveyed to the audience through the narration of the story in the animations, the plots of the story, the presentation of male and female characters, the use of space and images. In the cartoons, the frequency of female and male characters appearing on the screen, the physical appearance of the characters, their behavioral characteristics, and the spatial presentation in the stories were searched. As a result, it is possible to say that male and female characters are depicted unequally in all the themes studied in animations resulting in gender blindness.

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Prasad, Manya, Sumit Malhotra, Mani Kalaivani, Praveen Vashist, and Sanjeev K. Gupta. "Gender differences in blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313562.

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BackgroundThe magnitude of blindness is unevenly distributed worldwide. This systematic review aimed to study gender differences in the prevalence of blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage in India among persons aged 50 years and above.MethodsLiterature search was carried out in the Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Trip databases. Data were abstracted and risk of bias was assessed for the selected full-text articles. Pooled prevalence, ORs and risk differences were synthesised by meta-analyses.Results22 studies were included in the systematic review. The pooled prevalence of blindness obtained for men was 4.17% and that for women was 5.68%. Women had 35% higher odds of being blind (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.62) and 69% higher odds of being cataract blind (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.95). Women had a 27% lower odds of getting cataract surgery (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.01). In women, around 35% of the prevalence of blindness and 33% of the prevalence of cataract blindness are attributable to their gender.ConclusionMarked gender differences in blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage were seen in India, with the odds being unfavourable for women. Interventions implemented for reduction of blindness, including cataract blindness, need to consider these gender differentials in the Indian context. Further research is needed to ascertain the reasons for these differences and devise interventions to reduce these differences in order to tackle the magnitude of avoidable blindness in India.

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Freidenberg, Flavia D. "Gender Blindness in Latin American Political Science." Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny, no. 101 (2018): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36551/20811152.2018.101.02.

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This article reflects about the weight women have had in the field of Political Science in and about Latin America during the last decade. This text not only describes and analyzes the existing gender gap in compared research about Latin America, but also it focuses the attention in how the discipline as a profession is exercised. The main objective of this paper is to generate initial reflections about of the status of women in the discipline in Latin America as well as how we do research, what we teach and what we publish (and with whom) in the discipline. The women are underrepresented in Political Science meetings, syllabi, and editorial boards. This is done under the premise that Political Science is a gendered discipline that reproduces exclusionary views, beliefs, and practices and also operates under a certain level of “gender blindness”

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Mavin, Sharon, Patricia Bryans, and Teresa Waring. "Gender on the agenda 2: unlearning gender blindness in management education." Women in Management Review 19, no. 6 (September 2004): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410555060.

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Martin, Ashley E., and Katherine W. Phillips. ""What Blindness Helps Women See: Implications of Gender-Blindness for Confidence, Power and Action"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 14581. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.14581abstract.

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Riseborough, Moyra. "Regeneration and the curious tale of gender blindness." International Journal of Public Sector Management 11, no. 7 (December 1998): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513559810247957.

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White, C. ""Gender blindness" threatens success of government's health strategy." BMJ 327, no. 7425 (November 22, 2003): 1188—a—0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7425.1188-a.

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Mavin, S., P. Bryans, and T. Waring. "Unlearning gender blindness: new directions in management education." Management Decision 42, no. 3/4 (March 2004): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410522287.

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Scantlebury, Kathryn. "Challenging gender-blindness in preservice secondary science teachers." Journal of Science Teacher Education 6, no. 3 (September 1995): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02614571.

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Camors, Casey. "Excellent and Gender Equal? Academic Motherhood and ‘Gender Blindness’ in Norwegian Academia." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 41, no. 1-2 (January 15, 2021): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.2020.1870313.

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Thun, Cecilie. "Excellent and gender equal? Academic motherhood and ‘gender blindness' in Norwegian academia." Gender, Work & Organization 27, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12368.

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Vashist, Praveen, Suraj Singh Senjam, Vivek Gupta, Noopur Gupta, B. R. Shamanna, Meenakshi Wadhwani, Pallavi Shukla, Souvik Manna, Saumya Yadav, and Amit Bharadwaj. "Blindness and visual impairment and their causes in India: Results of a nationally representative survey." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): e0271736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271736.

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Introduction Avoidable blindness is a significant public health problem in India. Nationally representative RAAB surveys (Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness) are being conducted periodically in the country to know the current status of blindness in the country. The current study describes the findings from the RAAB survey conducted during 2015–19 in India. Methodology A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted across the entire country among persons aged 50 years and above using RAAB version 6 methodology. Presenting and pinhole visual acuity was recorded followed by lens examination using a torchlight. In order to estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in overall population in India, district weights were assigned to each of the 31 surveyed districts and the prevalence was standardized using the RAAB software. Results The overall weighted, age-gender standardized, prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in better eye) in population aged ≥50 years was 1.99% (95% CI 1.94%, 2.13%) and of visual impairment (VI) (presenting visual acuity <6/12 in better eye) was 26.68% (95% CI 26.57–27.17%). On multivariate analysis, adjusted odds ratio showed that blindness was associated with age ≥ 80 years (OR = 20.3, 95% CI: 15.6–26.4) and being illiterate (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 3.6–8.9). Blindness was not found to be significantly associated with either gender or locality. Conclusion The results of the survey demonstrate that currently more than one fourth of persons aged 50 years and above are visually impaired (PVA<6/12 in better eye) in India. The prevalence of blindness among them is 1.99%, and older age and illiteracy are significantly associated with blindness. Major causes of blindness included cataract (66.2%), corneal opacity (CO) (8.2%), cataract surgical complications (7.2%), posterior segment disorders (5.9%) and glaucoma (5.5%). The proportion of blindness and visual impairment that is due to avoidable causes include 92.9% and 97.4% respectively.

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Linstead, Stephen. "Comment: Gender Blindness or Gender Suppression? A Comment on Fiona Wilson's Research Note." Organization Studies 21, no. 1 (January 2000): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840600211007.

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This comment takes one term which Fiona Wilson in her excellent and useful review of the research on gender in organization studies makes central to her thesis. Whilst this term may be meaningfully applied to more recent studies of organizational behaviour with a largely technical emphasis, it cannot be applied accurately to the classical and human relations theorists — Taylor, Weber, Mayo and Maslow. Here they are very much aware of gender, and because of the nature of their particular knowledge projects, they actively suppress it. Contemporary reflexivity has again made blindness no longer an option — organization theory has to either embrace gender or suppress it, and acknowledge the motivations behind and the consequences of that suppression.

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Doyal, Lesley, and Raja G. Das-Bhaumik. "Sex, gender and blindness: a new framework for equity." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 3, no. 1 (August 2018): e000135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000135.

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Four-fifths of all blind or vision impaired people live in middle-income and low-income countries with the African region and parts of Asia and the Middle East bearing the heaviest burden. At the same time, we know that around two thirds of all blind people in the world are female. Hence, the poorest (and usually the oldest) women are most likely to have their lives limited by visual impairment. While recent strategies have focussed on international variations in eye health, very few have paid attention to the gender differences that are an inextricable element in these inequalities. This review will explore possible explanations for the advantage of men in the exercise of one of the most basic of human senses. It will show that this cannot be understood through the use of a biomedical approach alone. Broader social perspectives will also be needed in order to create an appropriate knowledge base for tackling global inequalities in blindness.

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Alemany, Cecilia, Claire Slatter, and Corina Rodríguez Enríquez. "Gender Blindness and the Annulment of the Development Contract." Development and Change 50, no. 2 (March 2019): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dech.12486.

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AlTarawneh, Rodaina. "Psychological and social adaptation of students with visual impairment and blindness at Mu’tah University." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 17, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 4491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i12.7921.

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This study aimed to identify the level of psychological and social adaptation of students with varying levels of visual disabilities at Mu’tah University and the effect of gender on it. To achieve these aims, the researcher prepared and used a psychological and social adaptation scale to collect data from twelve students with visual impairment or blindness (both male and female). The results showed that the levels of psychological and social adaptation were moderate. Further, there were no statistically significant differences between students with visual impairment in psychological and social adaptation levels due to gender, only in psychological adaption favoring males. One of the most important recommendations of this study was to provide psychological support and counseling services to students with visual impairment or blindness at the university’s student counseling office. Keywords: Psychological adaptation, social adaptation, visual impairment, blindness, Mu'tah University; Jordan.

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Rius Ulldemolins, Anna, Joan Benach, Laura Guisasola, and Lucía Artazcoz. "Why are there gender inequalities in visual impairment?" European Journal of Public Health 29, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky245.

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Abstract Background In high-income countries, the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment is higher among women, regardless of age although the mechanisms that produce these gender inequalities are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to analyse gender inequalities in the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, age of onset, diagnosed and undiagnosed status and related eye diseases among visually impaired individuals. Methods Data were obtained from the 2008 Spanish Survey on ‘Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations’ (n = 213 626) participants 360 blind (160 men and 200 women), and 5560 with some visual impairment (2025 men and 3535 women). The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, age of onset of visual impairment and diagnosed and undiagnosed eye diseases was calculated. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression models were fit to test gender differences. Results Women were more likely to report visual impairment (crude OR = 1.6 [95% CI: 1.56–1.74]). Prevalence of diagnosed cataract was higher among visually impaired women (crude OR = 1.4 [95% CI: 1.25–1.67]) whereas undiagnosed eye disease (crude OR = 0.7 [95% CI: 0.64–0.81]) or diagnosed glaucoma (aORsex = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.65–0.93]) were more frequent among visually impairment men. These associations were not explained by age or educational level. Conclusions Strong gender inequalities were observed, with a higher prevalence of visual impairment and related cataracts among women, which could be related to gender inequalities in access to health care, and undiagnosed eye disease and related glaucoma among men, which could be related to their gender socialization resulting in less frequent and effectively use of health care services.

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Courtright, Paul. "Gender and blindness: Taking a global and a local perspective." Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2, no. 2 (2009): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-620x.53032.

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Davis, Elizabeth. "Structures of seeing: blindness, race, and gender in visual culture." Senses and Society 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458927.2019.1569331.

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Fickling, Teri. "“Lodged with me useless”: Blindness in John Milton's Sonnet 19 and Infertility in Monica Youn's Blackacre." Milton Studies 61, no. 2 (September 2019): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.61.2.0141.

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ABSTRACT While some scholars have claimed that Milton blocks feminine creativity, others have characterized his attitude toward gender as ambivalent and his self-representation as even possessing gender fluidity. This article examines how a contemporary female poet's strong reading of Milton's Sonnet 19 demonstrates an extensive poetic engagement with what she takes to be Milton's autobiographical expression of his reaction to blindness. Monica Youn's Blackacre meditates on Sonnet 19's end rhymes and uses the legal term for hypothetical land, “blackacre,” as a metaphor for articulating the history of the female body as the unspoken transmitter of the masculinist power structure enshrined in law. Youn transforms Milton's sonnet, merging the ordeal of her infertility with Milton's experience of blindness. In so doing, Youn resituates Sonnet 19 as a vital part of a tradition of feminine creativity, discovering Milton's potential significance for poets negotiating questions of gender and poetic making.

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Islam, Mohammad Ariful, Afroza E. Alam, SM Shafiul Bari Rasel, Md Masud Rana, Amir Abdulla Hel Azam, Md Shahjahan Siraj, and Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir. "Blindness Scenario in the Southern Region of Bangladesh." Community Based Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v10i2.59146.

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A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in a tertiary level eye hospital in the southern region of Bangladesh, between January and December of 2019, to assess the magnitude of blindness with varying disorders of the eye. All the reported patients irrespective of age and gender were included in this study. Patients were divided into three age groups: 0-25 years, 26-50 years and above 50 years. Demographic variables and eye diseases diagnosed were recorded and analyzed. More than 1.5 lac patients attended the hospital during the study period. Male patients were preponderance 79058 (52.05%) than female 72814 (47.95%). The most common group was above 50 years 75055 (49.42%). Patients related with blindness were 42189 (27.78%). Cataract were the most common disorder of reversible blindness 38662 (91.64%) followed by corneal disorders both reversible and irreversible blindness 1931 (4.57%), and other disorders 1596 (3.78%) with irreversible blindness included ocular trauma, posterior segment disease and glaucoma. Age related cataract (ARC) was 37394 (96.72%) among the patients with cataract, and ARC was found 35272 (83.6%) among the patients related to blindness above 50 years of age. More than 90 percent of the patients 38662 (91.64%) were attended for reversible blindness with cataract. To summarize, age related cataract was the most common cause of reversible blindness among the patients >50 years of age. The causes of irreversible blindness included ocular trauma, corneal ulcer, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. CBMJ 2021 January: vol. 10 no. 02 P: 70-74

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Hardianti, Andi, Nur Nasry Noor, Lalu Muhammad Saleh, Andi Nur Utami, Iva Hardi Yanti, Muliati Muliati, and Anwar Mallongi. "Correlation of Age, Gender, and Employment Status with Quality of Life Glaucoma Patient." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T2 (July 23, 2020): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5182.

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BACKGROUND: People with glaucoma sometimes do not feel the symptoms of glaucoma until the end of the stage, so the risk of blindness will be even greater. Glaucoma is a form of visual impairment, also the second cause of blindness after cataracts. However, in contrast to cataracts, glaucoma cannot be cured through surgery so that the blindness experienced is permanent. AIM: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of respondents (age, gender, and occupational status) and the quality of life of glaucoma patients. METHODS: This study used quantitative research with cross-sectional method. Interviews were conducted on 250 glaucoma patients at community eye health centers. To determine age, sex, and employment status related to quality of life, the data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression. RESULTS: The age with p-value 0668 and gender with p-value employment status in 0237 and 0105 with p values were not related to the quality of life of glaucoma patients. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the employment status with a significance of 0046 was a factor related to the quality of life. CONCLUSION: No relation to gender, age, and income with the quality of life of patients with glaucoma in Makassar Community Eye Health Centers in 2018 was found.

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Gascoyne, Ben, Emma Jolley, Selben Penzin, Kola Ogundimu, Foluso Owoeye, and Elena Schmidt. "Vision impairment and self-reported anxiety and depression in older adults in Nigeria: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Kogi State." International Health 14, Supplement_1 (April 2022): i9—i16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihab070.

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Abstract Background More than 2 billion people are thought to be living with some form of vision impairment worldwide. Yet relatively little is known about the wider impacts of vision loss on individual health and well-being, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study estimated the associations between all-cause vision impairment and self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression among older adults in Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods Individual eyes were examined according to the standard Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness methodology, and anxiety and depression were assessed using the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning–Enhanced. The associations were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models, adding two- and three-way interaction terms to test whether these differed for gender subgroups and with age. Results Overall, symptoms of either anxiety or depression, or both, were worse among people with severe visual impairment or blindness compared with those with no impairment (OR=2.72, 95% CI 1.86 to 3.99). Higher levels of anxiety and/or depression were observed among men with severe visual impairment and blindness compared with women, and this gender gap appeared to widen as people got older. Conclusions These findings suggest a substantial mental health burden among people with vision impairment in LMICs, particularly older men, underscoring the importance of targeted policies and programmes addressing the preventable causes of vision impairment and blindness.

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Abou-Gareeb, Iman, Susan Lewallen, Ken Bassett, and Paul Courtright. "Gender and blindness: a meta-analysis of population-based prevalence surveys." Ophthalmic Epidemiology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/opep.8.1.39.1540.

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Pérez, Raúl. "Race, gender, and comedy awards: from civil rights to color-blindness." Comedy Studies 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2040610x.2017.1294413.

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Martin, Ashley E., and Katherine W. Phillips. "Blind to bias: The benefits of gender-blindness for STEM stereotyping." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 82 (May 2019): 294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.11.003.

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Seager, Martin, John Barry, and Luke Sullivan. "Challenging male gender blindness: Why psychologists should be leading the way." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 285 (September 2016): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2016.1.285.36.

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Frederick, Angela. "Book Review: Blindness Through the Looking Glass: The Performance of Blindness, Gender, and the Sensory Body, by Gili Hammer." Gender & Society 35, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220987467.

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Sharma, Hari Maya. "Gender in Nepalese Higher Education Curriculum: An Example from Tribhuvan University." Educator Journal 10, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tej.v10i1.46732.

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This paper analyses the course entitled 'English Language Teaching (ELT) practices and materials' offered by Tribhuvan University for Master's level in English education from a gender perspective. The main objective of the paper is to explore and analyse gender inequalities underlying in the processing and production of the course. Taking the course documents as the primary source of data, this paper found that the course falls short in gender mainstreaming and has revealed gender-blindness in content selection and recommended/reference materials encouraging gender inequality during the course development process as well as in its production.

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Pradhan, Sangita, Avnish Deshmukh, Puspa Giri Shrestha, Prajwal Basnet, Ram Prasad Kandel, Susan Lewallen, Yuddha Dhoj Sapkota, Ken Bassett, and Vivian T. Yin. "Prevalence of blindness and cataract surgical coverage in Narayani Zone, Nepal: a rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) study." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 3 (October 21, 2017): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310716.

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BackgroundThe 1981 Nepal Blindness Survey first identified the Narayani Zone as one of the regions with the highest prevalence of blindness in the country. Subseuqently, a 2006 survey of the Rautahat District of the Narayani Zone found it to have the country’s highest blindness prevalence. This study examines the impact on blind avoidable and treatable eye conditions in this region after significant increase in eye care services in the past decade.MethodsThe rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) methodology was used with mobile data collection using the mRAAB smartphone app. Data analysis was done using the standard RAAB software. Based on the 2011 census, 100 clusters of 50 participants aged 50 years or older were randomly sampled proportional to population size.ResultsOf the 5000 participants surveyed, 4771 (95.4%) were examined. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness, severe visual impairment (SVI) and moderate visual impairment (MVI) were 1.2% (95% CI 0.9% to 1.5%), 2.5% (95% CI 2.0% to -3.0%) and 13.2% (95% CI 11.8% to 14.5%), respectively. Cataract remains the primary cause of blindness and SVI despite cataract surgery coverage (CSC) of 91.5% for VA<3/60. Women still account for two-thirds of blindness.ConclusionThe prevalence of blindness in people over the age of 50 years has decreased from 6.9% in 2006 to 1.2%, a level in keeping with the national average; however, significant gender inequity persists. CSC has improved but continues to favour men.

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Shrestha, Ripti, Bijendra Prasad Yadav, Neebha Amatya, Rajab Rana, and Rajesh Prajapati. "Incidence of Color Blindness among Undergraduates Students of Medical College in Pokhara." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 1770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v7i2.49296.

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Introduction: There are many genetic disorders that are X-linked, one being the color blindness. Some individuals affected with the disorders may remain unaware till detected for a long time. There are very few reports about the incidence of the color blindness among the medical undergraduate students. Objectives: Ojective of our study was to assess the color blindness incidence, among the medical undergraduates at the Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara. Methodology: We piloted an observational cross-sectional study among the first and second year medical students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, and paramedics) at Gandaki medical college. We finalized 300 students of both the genders based on the inclusion criteria. We performed in the natural day light, the color vision test using the Ishihara plates. We assessed incidence, the type of the color blindness and the gender distribution among the subjects. We compared the data thus obtained applying the “chi square statistical test” deliberating p<0.05 as significant. Results: We observed that all the colorblind subjects in the study were male who constituted 2% of the all the subjects. There was significant difference statistically among the types of the color blindness with majority having Deuteranomaly. Conclusions: We can conclude that incidence of the color blindness was exclusive among men in our study. Total color blindness was seen in majority of the male subjects. Screening the students will enable the unaware students of their disability and hence they can be guided to proper counseling.

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W. Alkhalaf, Ameer, and Rafie S. Al-khafaji. "Prevalence And Allele Frequency Of Colour Blindness In Al-Najaf Al Ashraf Province." Medical Science Journal for Advance Research 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46966/msjar.v3i2.43.

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Background: Colour blindness or colour vision deficiency is an inability or reduced ability to described certain colours, there are several types of colour blindness but the more common type red-green colour blindness that inherited x-linked disorder, hence it was more distribution in males (hemizygote) but it was less prevalent in females because she had two x chromosomes, she may be affected or a carrier to disorder. We examined 2470 participant (2158 male and 312 female) by using Ishihara plate (24 plates edited). This study conducted to find out the prevalence of colour blindness in Al-Najaf province. In the present study, Among those was screened for colour deficiency, 107 of them(4.33%)were diagnosed with colour blindness, the rate was a difference among gender 105(4.87 %) in male and it was 2(0.64) % in female. The deuteranomaly was the highest type 38(35.51%) then deuteranopia was 31(28.97 %), the protanomaly was 23(21.50%), the protanopia was 10(9.35%), At last, the achromacy was lowest 5(4.67 %) among infected colour blindness. The deutan :protan ratio was 2.03:1. This rate (in our study) was approximately similar to the rate recorded in Al-Qadisiyah University (5.2 % in male and 0.4% in female) and less the rate in the centre and north Iraq (Baghdad, Duhok and Erbil province).

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Gebremariam, Meskerem Getachew, Reta Habtamu Bacha, Demeke Kifle Demissie, Kibrealem Sisay Wolde, Kenenisa Tadesse Dame, and Geremew Muleta Akessa. "Modeling Time to Blindness of Glaucoma Patients: A Case Study at Jimma University Medical Center." Journal of Research in Health Sciences 22, no. 2 (May 11, 2022): e00548-e00548. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2022.83.

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Background: Glaucoma is a significant public health problem due to its substantial increase in the projected number of glaucoma cases. In Ethiopia, glaucoma accounts for 5.2% of irreversible blindness and is the fifth main cause of blindness. The main objective of this study was to modeling time to blindness of left and right eyes of glaucoma patients. Study Design: An institution-based retrospective cohort study. Methods: This study was conducted among 315 glaucoma patients admitted to the Ophthalmology Department of Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), Southwest Ethiopia, from January 1, 2016, to August 30, 2020. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and semiparametric and parametric copula models were applied to identify factors that affect time to the blindness in glaucoma patients and the dependence between time to the blindness of the left and right eyes, respectively. An Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best non-nested model. Results: In total, 211 (66.9%) out of 315 glaucoma patients were blind, whereas 104 (33.1%) patients were censored. The median time to the blindness of the left and right eyes was determined to be 12 months. The result suggested that the risk of the blindness in male patients was 1.005 (P=0.01) times higher than that in female patients, and the risk of the blindness in patients who had early, moderate, and advanced glaucoma was estimated to be 0.582 (P=0.002), 0.485 (P=0.001) and 0.887 (P=0.003) times less than that in the patients with absolute glaucoma, respectively. Conclusions: Age, place of residence, gender, type of medication, diabetes disease, stage of glaucoma, duration of treatment, intraocular pressure (IOP), and cup-disk ratio were significantly associated with and affected by the time to the blindness of left and right eyes in glaucoma patients. Awareness should be given to the community to reduce the burden of glaucoma.

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YILMAZ, Ahmet Kerem. "AN ANALYSIS ON THE REPRODUCTION OF GENDER RELATIONS IN THE YOUTH SECTION OF THE REPUBLICAN PEOPLE’S PARTY." ATLAS JOURNAL 7, no. 45 (November 30, 2021): 2309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31568/atlas.781.

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The objective of this article is to explain the gender regime that dominates two district youth organizations (Bakırköy and Üsküdar Branches) of the Republican People’s Party (CHP), and thus, to assert whether an organizational structure and functioning based on the principle of gender equality exist in these organizations. To begin with, relations between the “civil feminism” represented by women’s movement that gained momentum in the early years of the Republic, first under the leadership of the Women People’s Party and then, under the leadership of the Turkish Women’s Union and the “state feminism” that emerged as a consequence of the Republican People’s Party’s will to represent the whole society, are discussed and it is tried to be summarized the historical development of the “gender-blindness” and gender inequality related to it, which emerged as a result of the Republican People’s Party’s rulers’ seeing the “woman problem” and “gender inequality” as problems within the scope of national development, westernization, modernization projects since its establishment. Subsequently, the most important data of the field work conducted within the scope of the master’s thesis, which is the basis of this article, is analyzed. The gender regime of the two district youth organizations is interpreted in the axis of following 5 main reproductive elements: Gender-based task sharing, members’ gender equality perceptions and discourses, actions and activities aimed at these issues, their discourses on sex quota and perceptions of feminism allegedly perpetuated under a certain influence of the ominous historical relations between left movements and feminist movements. Keywords: Republican People’s Party, Republican People’s Party’s Youth Section, Gender Inequality, Gender-Blindness

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Taryam, Manal Omran, Muhammad M. Rabiu, Nasiru Muhammad, Kehinde Oladigbolu, and Halima Abdurrahman. "Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment; and cataract surgical services in Katsina state of Nigeria." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 6 (September 5, 2019): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314572.

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AimTo generate data on blindness and visual impairment for planning and monitoring a comprehensive eye care programme in Katsina state of Nigeria.MethodA rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey methodology was used to select 3120 persons aged 50 years and over. The sample was selected using a multistage cluster randomised sampling. Each participant had visual acuity and lens assessment. Persons with vision less than 6/12 in any eye were assessed for the cause of visual impairment. Persons with cataract were asked why they had not had surgery. Data were captured electronically with the mRAAB Android-based software and analysed with STATA V.14 software.ResultsA response rate of 90.1% was achieved. The age-sex adjusted blindness prevalence was 5.3% (95% CI 5.2% to 5.3%). Women were 30% more likely to be blind (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.3). The principal causes of blindness were cataract (70%), other posterior segment (12%) and glaucoma (7%); 86.7% of blindness was avoidable. The prevalence of cataract blindness is 2.6% (95% CI 2.5% to 2.6%) with higher odds in women (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.3, p<0.005). The cataract surgical coverage <6/60 for persons was 28.2% and women were 45% less likely to have had cataract surgery (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.78, p<0.005). The major barriers to cataract surgery are lack of felt need and the cost of services.ConclusionKatsina state of Nigeria has high burden of avoidable blindness affecting more women. The state eye care programme should have cataract services that are more accessible, affordable and gender sensitive.

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Courtright, Paul, Herrieth Mganga, and Susan Lewallen. "Overcoming gender inequity in prevention of blindness and visual impairment in Africa." Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 18, no. 2 (2011): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.80695.

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Peberdy, Sally. "The Invisible Woman: Gender Blindness and South African Immigration Policies and Legislation." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 33, no. 4 (June 2008): 800–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/528745.

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Rossetti, Sonia. "Changes for Diplomacy under the Lens of Feminist Neo-Institutional Theory: The Case of Australia." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10, no. 3 (July 24, 2015): 285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341314.

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Gender and cultural diversity have not been thoroughly studied in the literature devoted to the diplomatic system. The fundamental reason behind this gender blindness reflects the presumption that institutions are gender-neutral. Feminist literature has longed argued that gender has effects in political life and recent engagement with neo-institutionalist literature has analysed how institutions rebalance the structure/agency scale, pushing for a better understanding of the co-constitutive nature of politics. This article uses feminist neo-institutional theory to analyse whether recent internal and external changes to diplomatic practice are affecting formal and informal rules of diplomacy and improving women’s agency within diplomatic institutions.

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Rydzewska, Ewelina, Laura Anne Hughes-McCormack, Christopher Gillberg, Angela Henderson, Cecilia MacIntyre, Julie Rintoul, and Sally-Ann Cooper. "Prevalence of long-term health conditions in adults with autism: observational study of a whole country population." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e023945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023945.

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ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of comorbid mental health conditions and physical disabilities in a whole country population of adults aged 25+ with and without reported autism.DesignSecondary analysis of Scotland’s Census, 2011 data. Cross-sectional study.SettingGeneral population.Participants94% of Scotland’s population, including 6649/3 746 584 adults aged 25+ reported to have autism.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of six comorbidities: deafness or partial hearing loss, blindness or partial sight loss, intellectual disabilities, mental health conditions, physical disability and other condition; ORs (95% CI) of autism predicting these comorbidities, adjusted for age and gender; and OR for age and gender in predicting comorbidities within the population with reported autism.ResultsComorbidities were common: deafness/hearing loss—17.5%; blindness/sight loss—12.1%; intellectual disabilities—29.4%; mental health conditions—33.0%; physical disability—30.7%; other condition—34.1%. Autism statistically predicted all of the conditions: OR 3.3 (95% CI 3.1 to 3.6) for deafness or partial hearing loss, OR 8.5 (95% CI 7.9 to 9.2) for blindness or partial sight loss, OR 94.6 (95% CI 89.4 to 100.0) for intellectual disabilities, OR 8.6 (95% CI 8.2 to 9.0) for mental health conditions, OR 6.2 (95% CI 5.8 to 6.6) for physical disability and OR 2.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.8) for other condition. Contrary to findings within the general population, female gender predicted all conditions within the population with reported autism, including intellectual disabilities (OR=1.4).ConclusionsClinicians need heightened awareness of comorbidities in adults with autism to improve detection and suitable care, especially given the added complexity of assessment in this population and the fact that hearing and visual impairments may cause additional difficulties with reciprocal communication which are also a feature of autism; hence posing further challenges in assessment.

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Yildiz, Meral, Sertaç Argun Kıvanç, Berna Akova-Budak, Ahmet Tuncer Ozmen, and Sadık Gorkem Çevik. "An Important Cause of Blindness in Children: Open Globe Injuries." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7173515.

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Objective. Our aim was to present and evaluate the predictive factors of visual impairment and blindness according to WHO criteria in pediatric open globe injuries.Methods. The medical records of 94 patients younger than 18 years who underwent primary repair surgery were reviewed retrospectively. The initial and final visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment findings, and zone of injury were noted. The patients were classified as blindness in one eye or visual impairment in one eye.Results. Of 412 patients who presented with open globe injury, 94 (23%) were under 18 years old. Fifty-four (16 females, 38 males) children were included. The mean age of the children was 7.1 ± 4.1 years. According to WHO criteria, 19 of 54 patients (35%) had unilateral blindness and 8 had unilateral visual impairment (15%). There was no significant relationship between final visual acuity and gender and injured eye. In visually impaired and blind patients, presence of preoperative hyphema, retinal detachment, and zone 2 and zone 3 injuries was significantly higher.Conclusion. Presence of hyphema and zone 2 and zone 3 injuries and retinal detachment may end up with visual impairment and/or blindness in children.

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Rubery, Jill, and Gail Hebson. "Applying a gender lens to employment relations: Revitalisation, resistance and risks." Journal of Industrial Relations 60, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 414–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618766680.

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Employment relations is on the defensive. A gender lens provides opportunities for revitalisation through bringing in social reproduction alongside production, introducing intersectional identities alongside class, developing gendered critiques of ‘neutral’ markets and recognising the ‘doing of gender’ within the workplace. However, resistance within research and practice is evident in gender blindness, marginalisation of gender issues or preference for male interests. Three risks associated with a gender lens are identified: first, feminist critiques may be used by employers or neoliberal policymakers to deregulate employment; second, by making gender visible, gender differences may be used to legitimise gender inequalities; and third, in representing workers’ interests many pitfalls need to be navigated in steering a path between excessive fragmentation and reproducing hierarchy, whether by class, gender or race. Nevertheless, the costs of not embracing a gender perspective go beyond missed opportunities for renewal and leave employment relations at risk of further decline.

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Murphy, Karen, and Zoe Ward. "Repetition Blindness for Faces: A Comparison of Face Identity, Expression, and Gender Judgments." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 13, no. 3 (October 30, 2017): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0221-3.

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Mousa, Ahmed, Paul Courtright, Arminee Kazanjian, and Ken Bassett. "Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Upper Egypt: A Gender-based Perspective." Ophthalmic Epidemiology 21, no. 3 (April 18, 2014): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09286586.2014.906629.

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Brooks, Gary R. "Therapy pitfalls with Vietnam veteran families: Linearity, contextual naïveté, and gender role blindness." Journal of Family Psychology 4, no. 4 (1991): 446–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.4.4.446.

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Nangia, Vinay, Jost B. Jonas, Ronnie George, Vijaya Lingam, Leon Ellwein, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Aditi Das, et al. "Prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment: magnitude, temporal trends and projections in South and Central Asia." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 7 (November 8, 2018): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312292.

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BackgroundTo assess prevalence and causes of vision loss in Central and South Asia.MethodsA systematic review of medical literature assessed the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity<3/60 in the better eye), moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity <6/18 but ≥3/60) and mild vision impairment (MVI; presenting visual acuity <6/12 and ≥6/18) in Central and South Asia for 1990, 2010, 2015 and 2020.ResultsIn Central and South Asia combined, age-standardised prevalences of blindness, MSVI and MVI in 2015 were for men and women aged 50+years, 3.72% (80% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.39–6.75) and 4.00% (80% UI: 1.41–7.39), 16.33% (80% UI: 8.55–25.47) and 17.65% (80% UI: 9.00–27.62), 11.70% (80% UI: 4.70–20.32) and 12.25% (80% UI:4.86–21.30), respectively, with a significant decrease in the study period for both gender. In South Asia in 2015, 11.76 million individuals (32.65% of the global blindness figure) were blind and 61.19 million individuals (28.3% of the global total) had MSVI. From 1990 to 2015, cataract (accounting for 36.58% of all cases with blindness in 2015) was the most common cause of blindness, followed by undercorrected refractive error (36.43%), glaucoma (5.81%), age-related macular degeneration (2.44%), corneal diseases (2.43%), diabetic retinopathy (0.16%) and trachoma (0.04%). For MSVI in South Asia 2015, most common causes were undercorrected refractive error (accounting for 66.39% of all cases with MSVI), followed by cataract (23.62%), age-related macular degeneration (1.31%) and glaucoma (1.09%).ConclusionsOne-third of the global blind resided in South Asia in 2015, although the age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI decreased significantly between 1990 and 2015.

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Sun, Yi, Aiming Chen, Minjie Zou, Yichi Zhang, Ling Jin, Yi Li, Danying Zheng, Guangming Jin, and Nathan Congdon. "Time trends, associations and prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma: an analysis of observational data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e053805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053805.

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ObjectiveTo estimate global prevalence of blindness and vision loss caused by glaucoma, and to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic factors on it.DesignA population-based observational study.SettingThe prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database. The Human Development Index (HDI), inequality-adjusted HDI and other socioeconomic data were acquired from international open databases.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma by age, gender, subregion and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the associations between the prevalence and socioeconomic indicators.ResultsThe overall age-standardised prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma worldwide was 81.5 per 100 000 in 1990 and 75.6 per 100 000 in 2017. In 2017, men had a higher age-standardised prevalence than women (6.07% vs 5.42%), and the worldwide prevalence increased with age, from 0.5 per 100 000 in the 45–49 year age group to 112.9 per 100 000 among those 70+. Eastern Mediterranean and African regions had the highest prevalence during the whole period, while the Americas region had the lowest prevalence. The prevalence was highest in low-SDI and low-income regions while lowest in high-SDI and high-income regions over the past 27 years. Multiple linear regression showed cataract surgery rate (β=−0.01, p=0.009), refractive error prevalence (β=−0.03, p=0.024) and expected years of schooling (β= -8.33, p=0.035) were associated with lower prevalence, while gross national income per capita (β=0.002, p<0.001) was associated with higher prevalence.ConclusionsLower socioeconomic levels and worse access to eyecare services are associated with higher prevalence of glaucoma-related blindness and vision loss. These findings provide evidence for policy-makers that investments in these areas may reduce the burden of the leading cause of irreversible blindness.

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Genet, Tsigie, Raghavanpillai S. Kumar, and Manakkattil M. Sulphey. "Patterns of Associations among Resilience, Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescents with Blindness." Open Psychology Journal 14, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350102114010093.

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Aims: Blindness is a bane to humanity globally, and living with blindness is a challenge to anyone – young or old, educated or uneducated, rich or poor. Many countries have high rates of blindness, and Ethiopia is one. The study aims to explore the level of resilience, the extent of risk, and protective factors operating upon blind adolescents in Addis Ababa. Background: Resilience can significantly impact the quality of life of humans. Risk-taking and protective factors found in one's environment are significant predictors of resilience, valid even for the blind. The study intends to explore the level of resilience, the extent of risk, and protective factors operating upon blind adolescents in Addis Ababa. Objectives: The objectives identified for the study are: • To assess the risk and protective factors operating upon Adolescents With Blindness (AWB) and establishing the pattern with which risk factors and protective resources relate to each other and predict resilience. • To investigate the way the type of onset of blindness and some selected demographic variables relate to resilience among AWB. Methods: Data for the study were collected randomly from 80 blind adolescents using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Risk Factors Scale Adolescent Form, and Protective Factors Scale-Adolescent Form. The data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results: Low levels of resilience, presence of higher risk factors and serious lack of protective resources existed among AWB. While risk factors were negatively correlated with resilience, protective factors correlated with resilience positively. The risks and protective resources found in various levels of the environment together accounted for 89.3% of the variance in resilience. Gender, time of onset of blindness, parental education and family income influenced resilience. Conclusion: This study presents an all-inclusive picture of the resilience status of AWB’s, the extent of risk and protective factors currently operating upon them under the present context of Addis Ababa. Adolescents having blindness currently living in Addis Ababa are less resilient. They are faced with umpteen risk factors at home, school, neighborhood, community and societal levels.

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Fernandes, Arthur G., Solange R. Salomão, Nívea N. Ferraz, Márcia H. Mitsuhiro, Joao M. Furtado, Sergio Muñoz, Marcela C. Cypel, et al. "Pterygium in adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region: prevalence, visual status and refractive errors." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314131.

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AimsTo determine prevalence of pterygium, its role as main cause of unilateral and bilateral visual impairment and blindness and its impact on refractive errors from adults living in a high ultraviolet exposure area in the Brazilian Amazon Region.MethodsCluster sampling was used in randomly selecting subjects ≥45 years of age from urban and rural areas of Parintins city. Eligible subjects were enumerated through a door-to-door household survey and invited for an eye exam including refraction. Pterygium was assessed considering location (nasal, temporal or both) and size (<3 mm or ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin).ResultsA total of 2384 persons were enumerated and 2041 (85.6%) were examined. Prevalence of pterygium was 58.8% (95% CI 53.8% to 63.7%) and associated with male gender (OR=1.63; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.94; p=0.001), while higher education was a protective factor (OR=0.63; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.92; p=0.018). Older age and rural residence were associated with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin, while higher education was a protective factor for pterygium ≥3 mm reaching pupillary margin. Prevalence of pterygium as cause of visual impairment and blindness was 14.3% and 3.9%, respectively. Significantly higher hyperopic refractive errors were found in eyes with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin.ConclusionsPterygium was highly prevalent and the second cause of visual impairment and blindness after provision of refractive correction. Risk factors for pterygium were male gender, advanced age, lower education and rural residency. Strategies to provide pterygium early detection and proper management should be considered by healthcare authorities in this population.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gender-blindness'

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