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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gender division of labour

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gender division of labour'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gender division of labour"

1

Aisyah, Siti. "GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR AND POLYGAMY." ALQALAM 26, no. 2 (August 31, 2009): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v26i2.1557.

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The Indonesian patriarchal culture and gender inequality is reflected in state policies, regulations and laws. As a pluralistic country comprising of different ethnic groups with specific cultures and traditions, Indonesia has four formal religions: Islam, Christianity, Hindu and Buddhism. Because of this, Indonesian law reflects cultural and religious diversity, including customary law or Adat law, the Marriage Law of 1974 as well as civil and criminal law. Two serious concerns of Marriage Law of 1974 are in relation to gender division of labour and polygamy which undermine Indonesian Muslim women. This paper discusses such an issue to allow women to get equaliry before the law and highlights its contribution to domestic violence.There are two contradictory stipulations with respect to the Marriage Law of 1974: equality in marriage and gender division of labour within marriage. On the one hand, Article 31 (1) and Article 3 3 clearly state that there is no difference between husband and wife with respect to their basic rights such as love; respect, or fidelity. On the other hand, both of these Articles are contradicted with other articles which differentiate between a husband's and wife's responsibilities. For example, Article 31 (3) and Article 34 stipulate a clear division between the roles of husbands and wives within marriage. This has become a reference point for Indonesian views in determining gender relations in marriage.Marriage Law of 1974 still which supports gender division of labour between wife and husband should be revised by providing a clear statement that these roles are conditional. This means that husbands can be domestic carers including taking care of children if they have no jobs, while wives can be finacial providers or the head of household if they are capable to do so. In this context, gender roles can be exchanged and are not strictly for a certain gender.

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Parr, Joy. "Disaggregating the Sexual Division of Labour: A Transatlantic Case Study." Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, no. 3 (July 1988): 511–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015358.

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Sexual division has been an obvious and enduring characteristic of wage work, much studied on both sides of the Atlantic. Gender roles, household forms, and community welfare have been made and remade by changing access to paid work. The theoretical literature on gender segregation in the labour force is rich, but economists and feminist theorists have been interested in sexual divisions as general features of the economic or sex/gender system rather than as boundaries between tasks forged in defined contexts by particular clashes of interest. Whether in specifying the social groups that benefited by gender division, the systematic relationships that generated the boundaries, or the traits upon which lines of partition were drawn, most analysts have dealt with gender division as a characteristic of the work force as a whole.

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Kreimer, Margareta. "Labour Market Segregation and the Gender-Based Division of Labour." European Journal of Women's Studies 11, no. 2 (May 2004): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506804042097.

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EMIGH, REBECCA JEAN. "The gender division of labour: the case of Tuscan smallholders." Continuity and Change 15, no. 1 (May 2000): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416099003501.

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What explains the gender division of labour in preindustrial economies? Although men and women frequently do different types of labour in any given society, men's and women's tasks vary considerably across different societies. In some societies, women engaged in trade and agriculture (in parts of Africa, for example); though these were men's duties in others (in parts of Europe, for example). At the same time, European historians discovered that women often engaged in tasks, such as agricultural labour and commerce, that were often assumed to be the domain of men, again suggesting a wide variation in the gender division of labour. Understanding the division of labour in preindustrial economies is important, because these historical cases often serve as implicit or explicit referents for understanding how much – or how little – has changed in contemporary societies.A number of excellent works, such as those by Barbara Hanawalt and Martha Howell, have explored women's roles in the economy. However, often missing from treatments that focus on women's history is an analysis of the gender division of labour, that is, an explicit comparison of men's and women's activities. Undoubtedly, such a comparison is hampered by the difficulties of finding documentary sources that provide the appropriate type of evidence.This article takes up this task in a particular way, by examining single-person households, composed of either males or females in fifteenth-century rural Tuscany. This empirical evidence is useful for several reasons. First, from an analytical perspective, it makes it possible to compare explicitly the activities of men and women who are in an identical position, that is, living alone. Second, as I discuss below, the documentary record from this period makes it possible to provide the evidence for this comparison. Third, this evidence provides historical information on a relatively under-researched group, rural widows and widowers. For example, there is generally more information available for Florentine women than for female rural inhabitants. Furthermore, little research explicitly compares men's and women's tasks to examine the gender division of labour. Although Piccinni and Mazzi and Raveggi provide much information about women's duties and activities in rural Tuscany, their work does not directly address the gender division of labour. While the archival evidence presented below cannot explain the division of labour at all points in individuals' life courses, it does provide explicitly comparative information about men and women.

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Tosic, Milica, and Dusan Todorovic. "Labour division, marital quality and the ideology of gender." Socioloski pregled 45, no. 3 (2011): 393–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg1103393t.

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Schwanen, Tim, Mei-Po Kwan, and Fang Ren. "The Internet and the gender division of household labour." Geographical Journal 180, no. 1 (April 24, 2013): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12014.

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Tsuya, Noriko O., Larry L. Bumpass, Minja Kim Choe, and Ronald R. Rindfuss. "IS THE GENDER DIVISION OF LABOUR CHANGING IN JAPAN?" Asian Population Studies 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441730500125805.

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Whittle, Jane, and Mark Hailwood. "The gender division of labour in early modern England." Economic History Review 73, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12821.

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Curran, Margaret M. "Gender and Recruitment: People and Places in the Labour Market." Work, Employment and Society 2, no. 3 (September 1988): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017088002003004.

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This paper provides an account of the processes by which people were recruited to particular places in the labour market, and explores the implications of this account for conceptualisations of recruitment and of gender divisions in employment. On the basis of a survey of recruitment to 101 retail and clerical job vacancies in the North East of England, it is argued that the social and `tacit' skills required in the performance of such jobs are so inextricably linked with, and embedded in, gender that the jobs themselves may be seen as gendered. Gender itself thus has a direct influence on the separation of `men's jobs' and `women's jobs', which is distinct from the indirect effects of domestic responsibilities and the sexual division of labour in households.

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Smith, Michael Robert, and Sean Waite. "Occupational Demand, Cumulative Disadvantage, and Gender: Differences in University Graduates’ Early Career Earnings." Canadian Journal of Sociology 44, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs29332.

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A number of mechanisms contribute to the gender earnings gap – both its level and trends in it. We focus on three of them: occupational demand, the cumulation of disadvantage that originates in the unequal domestic division of labour, and labour market statuses which also may originate in the domestic division of labour. We show that changes in occupational demand associated with the dot-com boom and what followed it have caused substantial shifts in the relative earnings of young male and female university graduates. We provide evidence of how one consequence of the domestic division of labour – differences in hours worked by gender - contribute to the size and growth of the female earnings disadvantage. And, even in our generally young sample, human capital accumulation is more likely to be disrupted for women than for men. We identify several methodological and substantive implications of our results.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gender division of labour"

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Wilson, Brenda. "Gender relations within a changing spatial division of labour." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280005.

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Oliver, Janice I. "Class, gender, and the division of domestic labour in dual-earner households." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/MQ30690.pdf.

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Bebbington, Diane. "Speech and language therapy : gender, science and the health division of labour." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 2000. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/7301/.

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This research arose from concerns over the marginal position of speech and language therapists within the UK health care system, at a time when a case based on equal pay legislation comparing their work with that of clinical psychologists nears completion. While quantitative data confirm a difficulty for the NHS in recruiting and retaining speech and language therapists, no qualitative research has explored their work experiences within a sociological framework. The present study aims to address this gap. The empirical findings are based on qualitative interviews with forty speech and language therapists which employed feminist principles in research methodology including open-endedness, disclosure of values and reciprocity. Themes emerging included the 'invisibility' of the profession in accessing careers advice and gender-stereotyping of subject choices and careers advice at school. In contrast to the humanistic elements which led people into speech and language therapy, the professional education emphasised the scientific aspects of human communication, reflecting a medicalised view of health. Lesser attention was paid to humanistic subjects such as counselling and to the therapeutic applications of formal teaching. Therapists' clinical experiences focused on the relationship between work in the public and private spheres, organisational concerns and the nature of clinical practice. For instance, treatment for people with communication impairments was regarded as a low priority owing to the tendency of formalised health care to prioritise bodily health over mental and communicative well-being. The research considers whether the 'scientisation' of the profession is an effective route to counteract its marginalisation, since in pursuing this route it is required to distance itself from the female-gendered elements of its practice. This dilemma is examined against wider social concerns in which the work of women in the 'reproduction' of people is devalued on a global scale while the 'mainstream' activity of scientific work continues to be highly-prized.

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Holland, Janet. "Gender and class : adolescent conceptions of aspects of the division of labour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006532/.

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Dearing, Helene. "Does parental leave influence the gender division of labour? Recent empirical findings from Europe." Institut für Sozialpolitik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4501/1/WP_HD_gesamt.pdf.

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There has been increasingly interest in parental leave policies as instruments for the implementation of gender equality in society. This review essay explores the link between parental leave policies and the gender division of labour - referring to both paid employment and unpaid family work. Against this backdrop the essay systematically reviews evidence from quantitative empirical research on the effects of parental leave policies on mothers' employment and fathers' involvement in family work. The article suggests that there are several aspects of parental leave that seem to be especially relevant for the gender division of labour, such as the duration of leave, the provision of payments, and an individual entitlement of non-transferable leave rights. In a concluding section the article summarizes the results, discusses doubts and questions raised by the material and identifies promising areas of future research that are crucial for a better understanding of the effects of parental leave on the gender division of labour. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers / Institut für Sozialpolitik

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Chung, Wei-Yun. "The gender landscape of the Taiwanese public-sector labour market." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270117.

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This thesis examines the interplay between gender, family, and the Taiwanese public-sector labour market at national, local, and individual levels. It focuses on gendered occupational segregation, worker mobility in terms of job transfers and promotion, everyday work–life arrangements, and the influence of locality on workplace dynamics and individuals’ career moves. The public sector, especially that in East Asian countries, has long been regarded as a more women-friendly employer that promotes gender equality in the public sphere. Nonetheless, relevant research lacks a systematic investigation into the interplay of gender, social norms, and structured opportunities and constraints in this labour market. Therefore, I conducted this research by analysing governmental statistics and carrying out interviews. My research shows that gender segregation exists in the Taiwanese public sector and women are still underrepresented at senior levels, although the Taiwanese government has launched many measures to achieve gender equality in the public-sector labour market. It further scrutinises how the career trajectories of male and female civil servants differ because of gendered task assignment at work and gendered expectation after marriage, which restrain women’s mobility in spatial and career terms. Through the comparison of the experience of the civil servants working in three regions, I point out that locality influences the formation and function of social networks, work culture, and familial power relations. I also explain how local networking, work culture, and family relationships correlate with one another and thus implicitly influence the career development of male and female civil servants in the researched regions. In addition, my discussion looks at how extended family members influence household gender dynamics, which is seldom discussed in existing literature. There are three main findings in my research. First, prevalent gender norms in the wider societal context play an important role in the gendering process of civil servants’ career trajectories. Gendered investment in human capital contributes to gendered occupational choices and the tendency of men to start their civil service career at higher entry levels. Second, gender segregation exists in the assignment allocation, which is the result of prevalent gender stereotyping at work and in return reinforces the existing gender stereotypes. Third, the career plans of married civil servants, especially those with children, are highly determined by the interplay of gender dynamics at home and at work. Mothers tend to have the most limited career choices. Different family structures and local work cultures constitute diverse local settings for these mothers. In general, women who live close to or with their husbands’ extended families tend to prioritise their family commitments, although their extended family members provide them with resources and support, such as childcare. My research theorises back from the East Asian context to the literature on gender and families by unveiling multiple forms of patriarchy in different family structures, whereas previous Western-focused research has often focused on nuclear families. My research also suggests that the interlocking relationship between home and workplace gender relations and the influence of locality on these relations should be carefully considered during policy making and implementation.

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Adkins, Lisa. "Sexual work and family production : a study of the gender division of labour in the contemporary British tourist industry." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316727.

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Witz, Anne Marie. "'The spider legislating for the fly' : patriarchy and occupational closure in the medical division of labour 1858-1940." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329648.

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Middleton, Susan Clare. "Towards a gender analysis of women and development: a case study of the gender division of labour in a rural black community in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003114.

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This thesis examines the topic of the position of women in rural development. This topic has become the focus of extensive international debate at theoretical and policy levels, but for historical reasons remains relatively undeveloped in South Africa. After reviewing a number of contemporary approaches, the thesis argues in favour of the "Gender and Development" approach, and applies this to a case study of the gender division of labour in a rural black community in South Africa. Chapter one reviews the variants of the "Women in Development" (WID) approaches, as well as the claims of "Global Feminism". It is argued that, although Global Feminism began as a critique of WID approaches, it is in fact similar in many respects to the contemporary "empowerment" focus within the WID tradition. Although useful, these approaches are not sufficiently explicit in their theorizing of gender relations in the context of development. Chapter 2 sets out the key elements of the "Gender and Development" approach, which emphasises the complexity of the issue of women's interests, and warns against assuming a commonality of interests amongst all women. Instead, the GAD approach demands a detailed investigation of socially constructed gender relations in specific communities, with a special focus on the gender division of labour. For GAD theorists such analysis is a requirement of development planning which seeks to advance the position of women. Chapter 3 spells out the methodological implications of the GAD approach, and develops a specific research design, influenced by GAD as well as feminist methodology, for the investigation of the gender-specific needs of women in Merino Walk, a rural black community. Chapter 4 presents a brief overview of the general context of rural women in Southern Africa, and a specific history of the Merino Walk community. Chapter 5 presents the results of the research. In the context of this thesis, the results are presented essentially as an illustration of the application of the GAD principles to a specific South African example. The conclusion draws out some of the issues which emerge from the research.

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Kennedy, Shelia. "Explaining gender divisions of labour in physiotherapy and radiography : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6017/.

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In this sociological study, physiotherapy and radiography are examined as two predominantly female health professions. The emergent objectives of the research were to explore experiences of women and men within the professions and to consider and compare 'insider' and 'academic' explanations for the gender composition and divisions of labour in them. The research is framed within the methodological traditions of interpretivism and feminism, and uses iterative methods of data collection and analysis informed by grounded theory and analytic induction. The thesis begins with an extensive examination of feminist and traditional literature on sex, gender and sexuality; education; work and employment; caring and professions. The literature review both informs and is informed by the detailed analysis of qualitative data from 48 semi-structured interviews and 69 postal questionnaires. The fieldwork was conducted with student and qualified members of the two professions. The coded data are compared by sex and occupation, and organised into conceptual categories and constructs. Main themes and core issues are identified as relevant to the gender composition and divisions of labour and, from this, an explanatory theoretical framework is proposed. The Nud*ist software package has been used to aid the data analysis. The overall gender composition and horizontal and vertical divisions of labour within the two professions are seen to reflect impressions, evaluations and experiences of the 'caring', 'professional' and 'career aspects of physiotherapy and radiography involving hierarchical, dichotomous notions and norms of gender and sexuality. These notions are variously identified as relevant to the gender composition of the professions at recruitment stages, during training, and after qualifying. In particular, caring and different types of care-work are experienced and evaluated in terms of various associations with female gender roles and responsibilities, feminine characteristics and abilities and sexuality, and linked to activities of the private/domestic sphere that use limited skills and informal knowledge. In contrast, professions and professionals and employment careers are linked to male gender roles and responsibilities, masculine attributes, activities of the public sphere, and rely on expert skills and achieved, formal knowledge. These contrasting aspects of physiotherapy and radiography theory and practice invoke different status. The author concludes the professional status and gender composition of physiotherapy and radiography reflect the inherent gender-based contradictory status of their work and identity as 'caring professions'. Caring represents a problem for professional status at both the individual and collective level: 'caring professions' involve a contradiction in terms.

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Books on the topic "Gender division of labour"

1

Gupta, Pampa Sen. Labour market segregation and gender-bias. Kolkata: Centre for Urban Economic Studies, Dept. of Economics, University of Calcutta, 2004.

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2

T, Le Anh, and Miller Paul W, eds. Household divisions of labour: Teamwork, gender and time. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Divided time: Gender, paid employment, and domestic labour. Aldershot: Ashgate Pub., 1999.

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Duncan, S. Gender divisions of labour in Britain. Brighton: Centre for Urban and Regonal Research, University of Sussex, 1991.

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Melkas, Helinä. Gender equality and occupational segregation in Nordic labour markets. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1998.

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Gender. London: Longman, 1986.

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Fox, Bonnie. Occupational gender segregation of the Canadian labour force, 1931-1981. Toronto, Ont: Institute for Social Research, York University, 1987.

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Hensman, Rohini. The gender division of labour in manufacturing industry: A case study in India. Brighton, England: Institute of Development Studies, 1988.

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Bourque, L. Nicole. Working gender: The construction of gender and the use of power in the Central Ecuadorian Andes. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, Institute of Latin American Studies, 1996.

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Consortium Graduate School of Social Sciences., ed. Gender segregation in the Barbadian labour market 1946 and 1980. Mona, Jamaica: Consortium Graduate School of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gender division of labour"

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Jacobsen, Joyce P. "Gender Roles and Division of Labour." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2582-1.

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Jacobsen, Joyce P. "Gender Roles and Division of Labour." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 5139–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2582.

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Busfield, Joan, and Jo Campling. "Stress and the Gender Division of Labour." In Men, Women and Madness, 188–208. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24678-6_10.

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Lim, Hyun-Joo. "Gendered Division of Household Labour." In East Asian Mothers in Britain, 201–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75635-6_6.

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Berk, Sarah Fenstermaker. "Conceptualizing the Division of Household Labor." In The Gender Factory, 1–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2393-8_1.

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Massey, Doreen. "The Effects on Local Areas: Class and Gender Relations." In Spatial Divisions of Labour, 187–225. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24059-3_5.

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Coltrane, Scott, and Kristy Y. Shih. "Gender and the Division of Labor." In Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology, 401–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1467-5_17.

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Giddings, Lisa. "Gender division of labor among couples." In The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Economics, 293–302. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429020612-34.

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Sullivan, Oriel. "The Gendered Division of Household Labor." In Handbook of the Sociology of Gender, 377–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76333-0_27.

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Cheng, Shu-Ju Ada. "Labor Migration and International Sexual Division of Labor: A Feminist Perspective." In Gender and Immigration, 38–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333983461_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gender division of labour"

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Azis, Aswin. "Gender, Globalization and Feminization of Division of Labour." In Proceedings of the 13th International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar, IISS 2019, 30-31 October 2019, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-3-2020.163839.

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McMunn, A., L. Bird, E. Webb, and A. Sacker. "OP90 The embodiment of gender divisions of labour: gender divisions of labour and inflammatory markers in the uk household longitudinal study." In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.89.

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Lozanoska, Aleksandra, Elizabeta Djambaska, and Vladimir Petkovski. "GENDER INEQUALITY ON THE MACEDONIAN LABOUR MARKET." In 3rd International Scientific Conference on Economics and Management. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade; Faculty of Management Koper; Doba Business School - Maribor; Integrated Business Faculty - Skopje; Faculty of Management - Zajecar, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2019.599.

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Tudge, Simon, Richard Watson, and Markus Brede. "Cooperation and the Division of Labour." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2013. MIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-31709-2-ch001.

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Rievajová, Eva, and Roman Klimko. "DIFFERENCES BY GENDER ON THE SLOVAK LABOUR MARKET." In 34th International Academic Conference, Florence. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2017.034.047.

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Kazakevitch, Gennadi, and Ratbek Dzhumashev. "Global financial crisis and international division of labour." In 2010 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2010.5720011.

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Khertek, Shenne Vasilevna. "Gender pecularities of labor behaviour and labour mobility of Tyva republic." In 5th International research and practice conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-114295.

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Janacik, P., T. Heimfarth, and F. Rammig. "Emergent Topology Control Based on Division of Labour in Ants." In 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Volume 1 (AINA'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aina.2006.169.

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Labella, Thomas Halva, and Falko Dressler. "A io-Inspired Architecture for Division of Labour in SANETs." In 2006 1st Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bimnics.2006.361826.

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Zahadat, Payam, Karl Crailsheim, and Thomas Schmickl. "Social Inhibition Manages Division of Labour in Artificial Swarm Systems." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2013. MIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-31709-2-ch087.

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Reports on the topic "Gender division of labour"

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Mtutu, Regis, and Emma Sammon. Understanding norms around the gendered division of labour: Results from focus group discussions in Zimbabwe. Oxfam GB, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.2210.

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Snitker, Aundrea. Beyond the "Stalled Revolution": Stay-at-Home Fathers, Gender Identity and the Division of Household Labor. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.222.

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Alesina, Alberto, Andrea Ichino, and Loukas Karabarbounis. Gender Based Taxation and the Division of Family Chores. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13638.

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Blau, Francine, Lawrence Kahn, Matthew Comey, Amanda Eng, Pamela Meyerhofer, and Alexander Willén. Culture and Gender Allocation of Tasks: Source Country Characteristics and the Division of Non-market Work among US Immigrants. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26931.

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.

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Fotta, Martin, Mariya Ivancheva, and Raluca Pernes. THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CAREER IN EUROPE: A complete report on the EASA membership survey. NomadIT, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22582/easaprecanthro.

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This report presents the results of the survey conducted among EASA members in 2018. The survey was a collaboration between EASA and the PrecAnthro Collective, whose members have worked together and mobilised since 2016 to raise awareness about the challenges of developing an academic career in anthropology. The themes explored in the survey reflect existing academic research on changes to the academic profession and the casualisation of labour in Europe and beyond. The survey enquired into the extent to which and how trends already documented in other disciplines, and in academia as a whole, affect anthropologists. These trends include a growing division between research and teaching, the deprofessionalisation of academic labour through multiple contract types, the imperatives of international mobility and cyclical fundraising, and weak labour unions. This report captures overall trends as well as regional differences in the anthropological profession in Europe.

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Florez, Luz A., Ligia Melo-Becerra, and Carlos Esteban Posada. Estimating the reservation wage across city groups in Colombia: A stochastic frontier approach. Banco de la República de Colombia, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1163.

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We use the stochastic frontier approach to estimate the reservation wage across different city groups in Colombia. We use the information of GEIH from 2008-2019 of 23 urban cities. We find empirical evidence in favour of the search theory predictions that suggest a positive relation of the reservation wage with the level of education and with the net family labour income. We also find a gender gap in the reservation wage and explore this gap controlling by the level of education and presence of children in the household. Contrary to the results found in the literature, we find that the presence of children reduces the reservation wage of women and men. Finally, we found that the reservation wage increases with the level of development and productivity of the cities, however, qualified workers in low-quality cities present higher reservation wages than median quality cities.

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Buene, Eivind. Intimate Relations. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.481274.

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Blue Mountain is a 35-minute work for two actors and orchestra. It was commissioned by the Ultima Festival, and premiered in 2014 by the Danish National Chamber Orchestra. The Ultima festival challenged me – being both a composer and writer – to make something where I wrote both text and music. Interestingly, I hadn’t really thought of that before, writing text to my own music – or music to my own text. This is a very common thing in popular music, the songwriter. But in the lied, the orchestral piece or indeed in opera, there is a strict division of labour between composer and writer. There are exceptions, most famously Wagner, who did libretto, music and staging for his operas. And 20th century composers like Olivier Messiaen, who wrote his own poems for his music – or Luciano Berio, who made a collage of such detail that it the text arguably became his own in Sinfonia. But this relationship is often a convoluted one, not often discussed in the tradition of musical analysis where text tend to be taken as a given, not subjected to the same rigorous scrutiny that is often the case with music. This exposition is an attempt to unfold this process of composing with both words and music. A key challenge has been to make the text an intrinsic part of the performance situation, and the music something more than mere accompaniment to narration. To render the words meaningless without the music and vice versa. So the question that emerged was how music and words can be not only equal partners, but also yield a new species of music/text? A second questions follows en suite, and that is what challenges the conflation of different roles – the writer and the composer – presents? I will try to address these questions through a discussion of the methods applied in Blue Mountain, the results they have yielded, and the challenges this work has posed.

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Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Management (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/301050.

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Labour Force Occupation, 2001 - Management (by census division). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/301070.

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