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Wilson, Brenda. "Gender relations within a changing spatial division of labour." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280005.
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Oliver, Janice I. "Class, gender, and the division of domestic labour in dual-earner households." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/MQ30690.pdf.
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Bebbington, Diane. "Speech and language therapy : gender, science and the health division of labour." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 2000. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/7301/.
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This research arose from concerns over the marginal position of speech and language therapists within the UK health care system, at a time when a case based on equal pay legislation comparing their work with that of clinical psychologists nears completion. While quantitative data confirm a difficulty for the NHS in recruiting and retaining speech and language therapists, no qualitative research has explored their work experiences within a sociological framework. The present study aims to address this gap. The empirical findings are based on qualitative interviews with forty speech and language therapists which employed feminist principles in research methodology including open-endedness, disclosure of values and reciprocity. Themes emerging included the 'invisibility' of the profession in accessing careers advice and gender-stereotyping of subject choices and careers advice at school. In contrast to the humanistic elements which led people into speech and language therapy, the professional education emphasised the scientific aspects of human communication, reflecting a medicalised view of health. Lesser attention was paid to humanistic subjects such as counselling and to the therapeutic applications of formal teaching. Therapists' clinical experiences focused on the relationship between work in the public and private spheres, organisational concerns and the nature of clinical practice. For instance, treatment for people with communication impairments was regarded as a low priority owing to the tendency of formalised health care to prioritise bodily health over mental and communicative well-being. The research considers whether the 'scientisation' of the profession is an effective route to counteract its marginalisation, since in pursuing this route it is required to distance itself from the female-gendered elements of its practice. This dilemma is examined against wider social concerns in which the work of women in the 'reproduction' of people is devalued on a global scale while the 'mainstream' activity of scientific work continues to be highly-prized.
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Holland, Janet. "Gender and class : adolescent conceptions of aspects of the division of labour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006532/.
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Dearing, Helene. "Does parental leave influence the gender division of labour? Recent empirical findings from Europe." Institut für Sozialpolitik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4501/1/WP_HD_gesamt.pdf.
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There has been increasingly interest in parental leave policies as instruments for the implementation of gender equality in society. This review essay explores the link between parental leave policies and the gender division of labour - referring to both paid employment and unpaid family work. Against this backdrop the essay systematically reviews evidence from quantitative empirical research on the effects of parental leave policies on mothers' employment and fathers' involvement in family work. The article suggests that there are several aspects of parental leave that seem to be especially relevant for the gender division of labour, such as the duration of leave, the provision of payments, and an individual entitlement of non-transferable leave rights. In a concluding section the article summarizes the results, discusses doubts and questions raised by the material and identifies promising areas of future research that are crucial for a better understanding of the effects of parental leave on the gender division of labour. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers / Institut für Sozialpolitik
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Chung, Wei-Yun. "The gender landscape of the Taiwanese public-sector labour market." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270117.
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This thesis examines the interplay between gender, family, and the Taiwanese public-sector labour market at national, local, and individual levels. It focuses on gendered occupational segregation, worker mobility in terms of job transfers and promotion, everyday work–life arrangements, and the influence of locality on workplace dynamics and individuals’ career moves. The public sector, especially that in East Asian countries, has long been regarded as a more women-friendly employer that promotes gender equality in the public sphere. Nonetheless, relevant research lacks a systematic investigation into the interplay of gender, social norms, and structured opportunities and constraints in this labour market. Therefore, I conducted this research by analysing governmental statistics and carrying out interviews. My research shows that gender segregation exists in the Taiwanese public sector and women are still underrepresented at senior levels, although the Taiwanese government has launched many measures to achieve gender equality in the public-sector labour market. It further scrutinises how the career trajectories of male and female civil servants differ because of gendered task assignment at work and gendered expectation after marriage, which restrain women’s mobility in spatial and career terms. Through the comparison of the experience of the civil servants working in three regions, I point out that locality influences the formation and function of social networks, work culture, and familial power relations. I also explain how local networking, work culture, and family relationships correlate with one another and thus implicitly influence the career development of male and female civil servants in the researched regions. In addition, my discussion looks at how extended family members influence household gender dynamics, which is seldom discussed in existing literature. There are three main findings in my research. First, prevalent gender norms in the wider societal context play an important role in the gendering process of civil servants’ career trajectories. Gendered investment in human capital contributes to gendered occupational choices and the tendency of men to start their civil service career at higher entry levels. Second, gender segregation exists in the assignment allocation, which is the result of prevalent gender stereotyping at work and in return reinforces the existing gender stereotypes. Third, the career plans of married civil servants, especially those with children, are highly determined by the interplay of gender dynamics at home and at work. Mothers tend to have the most limited career choices. Different family structures and local work cultures constitute diverse local settings for these mothers. In general, women who live close to or with their husbands’ extended families tend to prioritise their family commitments, although their extended family members provide them with resources and support, such as childcare. My research theorises back from the East Asian context to the literature on gender and families by unveiling multiple forms of patriarchy in different family structures, whereas previous Western-focused research has often focused on nuclear families. My research also suggests that the interlocking relationship between home and workplace gender relations and the influence of locality on these relations should be carefully considered during policy making and implementation.
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Adkins, Lisa. "Sexual work and family production : a study of the gender division of labour in the contemporary British tourist industry." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316727.
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Witz, Anne Marie. "'The spider legislating for the fly' : patriarchy and occupational closure in the medical division of labour 1858-1940." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329648.
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Middleton, Susan Clare. "Towards a gender analysis of women and development: a case study of the gender division of labour in a rural black community in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003114.
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This thesis examines the topic of the position of women in rural development. This topic has become the focus of extensive international debate at theoretical and policy levels, but for historical reasons remains relatively undeveloped in South Africa. After reviewing a number of contemporary approaches, the thesis argues in favour of the "Gender and Development" approach, and applies this to a case study of the gender division of labour in a rural black community in South Africa. Chapter one reviews the variants of the "Women in Development" (WID) approaches, as well as the claims of "Global Feminism". It is argued that, although Global Feminism began as a critique of WID approaches, it is in fact similar in many respects to the contemporary "empowerment" focus within the WID tradition. Although useful, these approaches are not sufficiently explicit in their theorizing of gender relations in the context of development. Chapter 2 sets out the key elements of the "Gender and Development" approach, which emphasises the complexity of the issue of women's interests, and warns against assuming a commonality of interests amongst all women. Instead, the GAD approach demands a detailed investigation of socially constructed gender relations in specific communities, with a special focus on the gender division of labour. For GAD theorists such analysis is a requirement of development planning which seeks to advance the position of women. Chapter 3 spells out the methodological implications of the GAD approach, and develops a specific research design, influenced by GAD as well as feminist methodology, for the investigation of the gender-specific needs of women in Merino Walk, a rural black community. Chapter 4 presents a brief overview of the general context of rural women in Southern Africa, and a specific history of the Merino Walk community. Chapter 5 presents the results of the research. In the context of this thesis, the results are presented essentially as an illustration of the application of the GAD principles to a specific South African example. The conclusion draws out some of the issues which emerge from the research.
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Kennedy, Shelia. "Explaining gender divisions of labour in physiotherapy and radiography : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6017/.
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In this sociological study, physiotherapy and radiography are examined as two predominantly female health professions. The emergent objectives of the research were to explore experiences of women and men within the professions and to consider and compare 'insider' and 'academic' explanations for the gender composition and divisions of labour in them. The research is framed within the methodological traditions of interpretivism and feminism, and uses iterative methods of data collection and analysis informed by grounded theory and analytic induction. The thesis begins with an extensive examination of feminist and traditional literature on sex, gender and sexuality; education; work and employment; caring and professions. The literature review both informs and is informed by the detailed analysis of qualitative data from 48 semi-structured interviews and 69 postal questionnaires. The fieldwork was conducted with student and qualified members of the two professions. The coded data are compared by sex and occupation, and organised into conceptual categories and constructs. Main themes and core issues are identified as relevant to the gender composition and divisions of labour and, from this, an explanatory theoretical framework is proposed. The Nud*ist software package has been used to aid the data analysis. The overall gender composition and horizontal and vertical divisions of labour within the two professions are seen to reflect impressions, evaluations and experiences of the 'caring', 'professional' and 'career aspects of physiotherapy and radiography involving hierarchical, dichotomous notions and norms of gender and sexuality. These notions are variously identified as relevant to the gender composition of the professions at recruitment stages, during training, and after qualifying. In particular, caring and different types of care-work are experienced and evaluated in terms of various associations with female gender roles and responsibilities, feminine characteristics and abilities and sexuality, and linked to activities of the private/domestic sphere that use limited skills and informal knowledge. In contrast, professions and professionals and employment careers are linked to male gender roles and responsibilities, masculine attributes, activities of the public sphere, and rely on expert skills and achieved, formal knowledge. These contrasting aspects of physiotherapy and radiography theory and practice invoke different status. The author concludes the professional status and gender composition of physiotherapy and radiography reflect the inherent gender-based contradictory status of their work and identity as 'caring professions'. Caring represents a problem for professional status at both the individual and collective level: 'caring professions' involve a contradiction in terms.
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Layte, Richard. "Gendered equity? : The material and cultural determinants of the domestic division of labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321582.
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Zhang, Zhe. "Cohort Differences in the Gender Division of Household Labor in Urban China." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376916003.
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Brubaker, Sarah Jane. "Mature Women Students: Effects of the Gender Division of Labor on Education." VCU Scholars Compass, 1992. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4382.
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This thesis seeks to better understand the trend toward mature women college students as impacted by the gender division of labor. It is based on qualitative research involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews with ten African-American and eleven white mature women students age 30 and over enrolled at Virginia Commonwealth University.
The interview questions focus on two main decision points in the lives of mature women students. The first is defined as the point at which they chose a course of action, other than attending college, after high school, or when they left college. The second is defined as the point at which these women decided to (re)enter college.
The gender division of labor is explored as it exists in capital patriarchal society and emphasis is placed on the processes by which it is created and maintained at both macro and micro levels. The focus of the research is on the connection between the structure of the gender division of labor and the processes through which it affects individual lives in everyday, personal ways.
The focus on the two decision points leads the analysis of the trend toward mature women students in a direction not taken by other researchers and helps to uncover aspects of the trend which had been neglected. The findings suggest that the designation of domestic and childcare tasks to women in the gender division of labor greatly affects the trend toward mature women students at both decision points. The gender division of labor becomes a lived reality in individual women's lives and influences their decisions concerning work, family and education. The findings suggest further that the explanations for the trend toward mature women students are much more complex than current literature reflects. For the women who participated in this research, the gender division of labor creates power differentials between women and men which affect women's decisions concerning college which have not been explicitly addressed in other research.
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Evertsson, Marie. "Facets of Gender : Analyses of the Family and the Labour Market." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : [Institutet för social forskning], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28.
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Jarvis, Helen Clare. "Negotiating gender divisions of labour : the role of household strategies in explaining residential mobility in Britain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1520/.
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The profile and geography of employment in Britain is undergoing considerable change. This is demonstrated most visibly in terms of gender composition; in rising numbers of women in paid employment; the replacement of full time with part time employment; in de-regulation and the proliferation of temporary and insecure employment. With increasing numbers of 'wives' and 'mothers' in paid employment this restructuring is reflected in a new and changing geography of household divisions of labour. Paradoxically, this global push towards greater labour market flexibility has implications for reduced labour mobility. Conventionally, a mobile labour force is considered the mainstay of a flexible labour market. A paradox emerges from an understanding that, rather than being individuated, labour is situated within particular household structures. Moreover, within such structures the co-ordination of home and work imposes further significant (time-space) constraints. These constraints suggest that decisions concerning residential location must increasingly facilitate both male and female employment as well as daily household practices of consumption, production and reproduction. Frequently, such practices entail an intimate connection between the household and networks of paid and unpaid labour which are rooted in the locale. This thesis provides both a conceptual and an empirical link between housing and labour markets. It draws upon multiple method research to consider the extent to which a causal relationship exists between household employment structure and relative rates of residential mobility. Secondary data from the UK Census of Population provides an extensive backdrop of trends for Britain in the 1990's. Qualitative biographical research provides insight into the processes of residential mobility such as those of 'bargaining power' in household decision-making. Evidence from the extensive research suggests that single earner households are more mobile than households with two full time earners. Household biographies demonstrate, however, that residential mobility behaviour is inadequately explained by economic factors alone.
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Lindström, Ida-Maja. "Spaces for Gender Equality in Sustainable Utopias : Investigations into the dreams and realities of women in ecovillage settings in Brazil." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182844.
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Utopian thinking can be understood as an exploration of desires beyond current realities. Seeing ecovillages as spaces for utopian practices, the aim is to investigate what space exists for gender equality and how the utopianism can be used to challenge unwanted patterns. Grounded theory is used to build knowledge from women’s experiences gathered through qualitative interviews. By mapping desires in relation to utopia, it is found that while visions of the sustainable life are seen as attainable, attaining gender equality through equal division of household work is hindered by lack of visions, examples and spaces for discussion of alternatives.
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Graf, Carrie A. Driskell Robyn Bateman. "Gender differences in work and family conflict." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5055.
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Kosmo, Kaeleen. "Tough Guy, Sensitive Vas: Analyzing Masculinity, Male Contraceptives & the Sexual Division of Labor." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6282.
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A Marxist feminist standpoint positions patriarchy and capitalism as mutually beneficial, thus interestingly situating the new market of male contraceptives (MCs). This project takes an in-depth look at the opinions of 15 young men regarding the use of MCs by examining how Western, heterosexual masculinity informs their attitudes and discusses how a new economic market of MCs may affect current social ideologies about of the sexual division of labor. Because notions of masculinity are essential in perpetuating such ideologies, understanding masculinity as it relates to a new market for MCs is imperative. During a series of focus groups men described this relationship in terms of responsibility, control, sexual pleasure, cost, gendered ideologies, and side effects. As a result of this research, I argue that the emerging market for MCs may simultaneously strengthen power dynamics and restructure labor practices within the sexual division of labor.
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Hari, Amrita. "Indian hi-tech immigrants in Canada : emerging gendered divisions of labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:985d018c-5772-40b7-a6f3-82712ff62d96.
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In this thesis, I draw on the particular experiences of Indian hi-tech immigrants arriving in a growing Canadian technological cluster, the Waterloo Region, located in south-western Ontario. This bilateral pattern of international labour migration between India and Canada reflects both nationsʼ efforts to enhance their economic competitiveness in a global knowledge economy: India as a global exporter and Canada as an importer of knowledge professionals. The stereotypical association of Indian nationals with technology work brings both restrictions and opportunities for Indian hi-tech immigrants navigating a racialised as well as gendered technology labour market in the Waterloo Region. My main aim is to reveal a microcosm of gendered negotiations involving individual economic migrants, their skilled spouses, their employers and the welfare state, particularly in the guise of officials regulating migration and access to childcare. The complex set of individual behaviours, ideologies, attitudes and practices all contribute to the emergence and maintenance of, as well as challenges to, particular gendered divisions of productive and reproductive work among these new entrants to Canada, as they lose the significant employment, social and familial networks and supports that typically are available in India. These Indian newcomer families view their responsibilities to their family to be as significant as their engagement in the Canadian labour market, as well as the advancement of their individual careers. In practice, however, familial responsibilities remain a more significant aspect of womenʼs lives, reproducing gendered divisions of both paid and unpaid work that mirror traditional gender roles and ideologies. The labour market participation of this particular group of Indian hi-tech immigrants, and especially professional immigrant mothers, is limited by the non-recognition of foreign credentials and cultural and/or racial discrimination but perhaps to an even greater extent by the lack of sufficient provisions for reproductive work under Canadaʼs liberal welfare state.
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Snitker, Aundrea Janae. "Beyond the "Stalled Revolution": Stay-at-Home Fathers, Gender Identity and the Division of Household Labor." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/222.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore how stay-at-home fathers view their role as the primary caregiver, and how they encounter opposing masculinity issues. This is explored through discussion about daily life, the decision to stay home, and household labor, a particularly interesting reflection of gender roles and equality. The two research questions used to explore this included: How do stay-at-home fathers understand their masculinity and social role? How does talk about the negotiation of household labor in stay-at-home father/career mother families illustrate masculinity issues? Through an analysis of interviews of eight present or past stay-at-home fathers, I capture the ways that these fathers describe and discuss the stay-at-home parent role. By looking at how these men define and interpret the specific challenges they face while in this role, I help tell the stories of stay-at-home father/career mother families, and understand whether these families, too, experience Hochschild's "stalled revolution."
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Kubricht, Bryan C. "Division of Labor and Marital Satisfaction in China and Taiwan." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4059.
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There is evidence that household division of labor is associated with marital satisfaction among Chinese populations. However, little research has compared different Chinese societies, as well as non-rural and rural regions. This study compared the division of household labor, and its association with marital satisfaction, between China and Taiwan, between non-rural and rural regions, and between males and females using data from a large, multinational study of countries in East Asia. The moderating effect of gender role ideology was examined as a potential moderating variable, as well. Overall, division of household labor was significantly associated with marital satisfaction. However, gender role ideology was not a significant moderator. Invariance testing revealed no group differences, including China and Taiwan, rural and non-rural, and male and female, in the relationship between division of household labor and marital satisfaction. Additional analysis indicated that gender role ideology was a significant moderator for females in rural China.
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Buehler, Hannah. "Women in the Wage Economy: A New Gendered Division of Labor Amongst the Inuit." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/93.
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Inuit constructions of gender in the pre-colonial period were centered around a gendered division of subsistence tasks. It is through this division of labor which gender roles, gendered socialization and spousal roles were formed. However, during the colonial period Inuit subsistence and the role it plays in Inuit society was rapidly and drastically changed. By analyzing the work of three different Arctic ethnographers documenting Inuit subsistence in different time periods and national contexts, this thesis will analyze how political, economic and environmental change in the Arctic has altered Inuit subsistence practices from European contact through the contemporary era. By analyzing how subsistence has changed overtime, this paper will assess the contemporary Inuit food system and the current crisis of food insecurity in Inuit communities. This analysis will be used to understand the social impacts of an evolving Inuit food system and how the emerging mixed wage and subsistence economy has constructed a new gendered division of labor in which Inuit women act as the primary providers of financial capital while men maintain access to natural resources through traditional subsistence pursuits.
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Jacka, Tamara. "The impact of reform on women's work and gender divisions of labour in rural China, 1978-1993 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj114.pdf.
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Hormel, Leontina Marie. "Gender and informal work arrangements in post-Soviet Komsomolsk, Ukraine /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136419.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 286-304). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Jebo, Jennifer Lee. "An Untraditional Life: Male Spouses of Female Military Personnel." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27593.
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Military wives continue to represent the majority of military spouses and as a result, most research on military spouses has focused exclusively on them. Utilizing data from the 1999 Survey of Active Duty Spouses, one goal of this study was to address this gap in the literature by examining how male and female military spouses differ. The results indicated that military husbands were more likely to have military experience themselves than military wives. Military husbands were also more likely to be older than female spouses and less likely to have children. Men were also more likely to indicate that their employment was not a concern during the familyâ s last permanent change of station move.
The primary goal of this study was to examine the influence of gender on military spousesâ support for their active duty spousesâ retention in the U.S. Military. Previous research has indicated that spousal support plays an important role in military personnelâ s retention decisions. Other factors that were considered for their influence on spouse support for retention included age, race/ethnicity, education, children, personal military experience, employment concerns during the familyâ s last move, the hours worked per week by the active duty spouse, the rank of the active duty spouse, and the military spouseâ s satisfaction with the military lifestyle. The results of this regression analysis indicated that military husbands are less supportive of their active duty spousesâ retention than military wives. Satisfaction with the military lifestyle was found to be the most significant predictor of military spousesâ support for their active duty spousesâ retention in the U.S. Military. Of the other factors, age, race/ethnicity, education, the hours worked per week by the active duty spouse, and the presence of children in the family were also found to be significant predictors of spouse support for retention.
As satisfaction with the military lifestyle was demonstrated to be a significant influence on spouse support for retention, this study also involved an examination of gender differences in satisfaction with the military lifestyle. Gender was not found to be a significant influence on satisfaction with the military lifestyle. Factors that were found to significantly influence satisfaction included the military spouseâ s age, race/ethnicity, concerns about employment, hours worked per week by the active duty spouse and the rank of the active duty spouse. Concerns about employment during the familyâ s last move and the hours worked per week by the active duty spouse were both found to have a negative influence on military spousesâ satisfaction with the military lifestyle.Ph. D.
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Reinhardt, Michelle. "Patriarchy and the gendered division of labour in the Muttipolitik era (1972-1989) of the German Democratic Republic." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/MQ48516.pdf.
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Reinhardt, Michelle (Michelle Margaret) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Patriarchy and the gendered division of labour in the Multipolitik era (1972-1989) of the German Democratic Republic." Ottawa, 1999.
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Öhman, Ann. "Profession on the move : Changing conditions and gendered development in physiotherapy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7519.
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Physiotherapy in Sweden has developed from a practical, hands-on, assistant job predominantly taught at college level to a university-based academic discipline emphasising evidence-based practice and research. Women are in majority although an increasing number of men have entered the profession. Women and men physiotherapists tend to undertake different career paths. The overall aim of the present thesis was to use a gender perspective to describe and analyse attitudes to the professional role, health care work and the development of the profession among actors engaged in physiotherapy education. A questionnaire was distributed in 1997 to all Swedish physiotherapy students in the second semester of the education (n=273). The same cohort was investigated in 1999 at the completion of the education. The response rate was 93 percent at both occasions. For an international comparison, the same questionnaire was distributed in 1997 and in 1999 to a group of Canadian physiotherapy students in their first and last semesters (n=60). Qualitative research interviews were conducted with 8 novices in physiotherapy and with 14 women educators in academia. Five focus group discussions with clinical supervisors were conducted (10 women and 5 men). Methods used were Grounded theory, factor analysis, logistic regression and path analysis. Feminist theories and Bourdieu's theory of culture constituted a theoretical framework Four ideal types were identified among the novices representing attitudes to the professional role. The Treater and The Supervisor were attitudes found among the women, whereas The Coach and The Entrepreneur were attitudes among the men. Type of health care facility was important for their positioning in the organisational hierarchy. Swedish students favour future employment in private practice. Sports medicine clinics and fitness centres are health care facilities highly endorsed, as is health promotion. Neither care of elderly nor hospital work are preferable fields of practice. Research is not favoured. Men students are more likely to have chosen the profession because of their interest in physical activity and sports. They are also more likely to prefer owning a private clinic and working with alternative approaches such as fitness training in sports medicine clinics. Women students are more likely to prefer an employment in private practice. The Canadian men students favour private practice whereas the women prefer the public sector of health care. The academic educators experience a gap between theory and practice which causes conflicting messages to students. Competing professions, emergent societal change and a conservative clinical practice constitute threats to the profession. The uniqueness of professional competency, theoretical development and new arenas such as home rehabilitation, consulting and research constitute a vision for future development of the profession. Masculinity is highly valued for status and power whereas femininity symbolises empathy and caring. The clinical supervisors update their theoretical knowledge base through supervision of students, but claim that students lack hands-on skills. Stress at work, unequal power relations in the hierarchy and restructuring of health care are factors that influence work satisfaction negatively. To conclude, gendered habitus, different symbolic capital and different attitudes towards health care work and development of the profession were found in the sub-fields of physiotherapy.digitalisering@umu
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Areskoug, Linda, and Tobias Lidman. "Kvinnors politiska representation - En undersökning om könsmönster i kommunalpolitiken i Borås stad." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-8853.
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Studien undersöker kvinnors representation, samt om det existerar några könsmönster inom kommunalpolitiken. Studien illustrerar hur könsfördelningen ser ut i Borås stad. En kartläggning utav kvinnliga förtroendevalda kommunpolitiker har genomförts för att åskådliggöra hur situationen angående könsmönster ser ut i dagsläget. Utöver detta har vi även utfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från de olika partierna som är verksamma inom kommunalpolitiken i Borås stad för att få förståelse för hur situationen ser ut för de kvinnliga politikerna. Intervjuerna konstruerade vi utifrån referensramen, som vi därefter kopplat ihop med våra respondenters personliga upplevelser med hjälp utav vår analysmodell.De områden vi undersökt är kvinnorepresentation, vilka hinder de möter inom politiken, samt horisontell- och vertikal könsarbetsdelning. Vår undersökning visar att det finns en brist på kvinnlig representation inom kommunalpolitiken i Borås stad till viss del, samt vilken betydelse detta har. Dessutom visar undersökningen att både en horisontell- och vertikal könsarbetsdelning existerar i Borås stads kommun. Studien är skriven på svenska.The study examines the representation of women, and the existence of any gender patterns in municipal politics. The study also illustrates gender distribution in the city of Borås. A survey of the female elected local councilors has been conducted to illustrate how the situation regarding gender patterns look like in the current situation. In addition, we also conducted semi-structured interviews with respondents from the various parties active in local politics in the city of Borås to get a comprehension in the situation of female politicians. We constructed the interviews on the basis of the reference framework, and then coupled with our respondents' personal experiences with our analysis model.The areas that we have examined are the representation of women, the barriers they face in politics, as well as horizontal and vertical gender division of labor. Our survey shows that there is a lack of female representation in local politics in the city of Borås, to some extent, and also what impact this has in the political situation that exists. Moreover, the survey shows that both a horizontal and vertical gender division of labor exists in the municipality of Borås.The study is written in Swedish.
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Holmér, Gunnel. "Flaskor på löpande band : Arbete och arbetskraftsrekrytering vid Surte glasbruk 1943-1978." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60478.
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This dissertation considers how the transition from craft manufacture to mechanized glass production affected the organization of work and the consequences for the recruitment of labour. Based on gender and ethnicity, the dissertation studies the composition of the workforce, the significance of qualifications, and differences in career paths and length of stay have been investigated at Surte glassworks 1943–1978. Charles Tilly’s theory of durable inequality is applied to analyse whether primarily gender and ethnicity had any effect on the assignment of tasks and on discrimination. In conclusion, the results from Surte are compared with conditions at Kosta glassworks. Whereas Surte’s specialty was machine-made bottles, Kosta was geared to craft production of utility glass and art glass. After mechanization at Surte, machine-tenders were counted among the most qualified category, instead of the glass-blowers who had previously been in demand. Manufacture at a pace regulated by machines led to more routine chores such as inspection and packaging. At Kosta, with its focus on craft, glass-blowers still had the highest positions and had learned glass-blowing in the traditional way through practical exercise. At neither Surte nor Kosta did women have any opportunity to receive comparable training. After the Second World War there was a growing need for labour at both Surte and Kosta, and to keep production going the main alternative was foreign labour. The peak was reached in the 1960s, and of roughly 660 collectively employed workers at Surte in November 1964, almost 40% were immigrants, chiefly from Finland. Kosta at the same time, with just under 330 employees, had slightly under 10% foreign workers, mainly from Greece. Kosta attracted a number of skilled glass-workers from abroad, but the majority of immigrants there, and all those at Surte, lacked experience of glass manufacture At neither Surte nor Kosta, with their different production methods, is there any evidence of durable inequality based on ethnicity. The assignment of tasks was guided rather by the functions in demand at the companies and by the applicants’ qualifications. Internal training and career opportunities were open to all male workers, regardless of which country they came from. On the other hand, the gender division of labour at both glassworks created durable inequality for all women regardless of nationality.Projektet delfinasierat av Kulturparken Småland.
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Pioli, Mark. "The Effect of Cohabitation on Egalitarianism in Marriage." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26083.
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This study examines the relationship between premarital cohabitation and egalitarianism in marriage using data from the two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 13,017). Multiple regression and path analysis techniques are used to test this effect. Cohabitation is viewed as an experience in which patterns of behavior and attitudes are formed that influence later marriages. It is hypothesized that this experience leads to a more egalitarian household division of labor and less traditional gender ideologies among married individuals who cohabited premaritally, as compared to those that did not. Path models test the extent to which cohabitation’s effect on later marriages is explained by the household division of labor and gender ideology at time-1. Based on attitude-behavior research, 1) a higher correlation between household division of labor and gender ideology is expected for premarital cohabitors than for non-cohabitors; and 2) a measure of attitude toward sharing housework should better predict household division of labor than does general gender ideology. The analysis showed that premarital cohabitation does have a positive effect on household division of labor and gender ideology in marriage through indirect (and possibly direct) paths. The attitudinal and behavioral measures were not more closely linked for cohabitors, and the specific attitude-toward-thebehavior measure was not a better predictor of household division of labor than general gender ideology. I conclude from this analysis that the experience of cohabitation leads to more egalitarian marriages and that this is largely due to household labor during cohabitation.Master of Science
32
Kahraman, Pinar. "Is Education The Panacea For Gender Inequality In The Labor Market? : A Case Study Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610672/index.pdf.
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The main aim in this study is to criticize the prevalent method of approach of the mainstream economics to women&rsquos problems. The mainstream approach to women&rsquo
s problems is to emphasize exclusively the significance of education, and participation in work-force, and which defines issues of equality/inequality in terms of economic advantages and externalities. Ensuring gender equality has historically never been the mainspring agenda of governments
and the problems of women have mainly been considered in terms of bringing women into the public sphere. This document examines the situation of women in the Turkish labor market, to see to what extent education helps women exceed their roles of the conventional sexual division of labor in the labor market. The limits of the effect of higher educational degree on the improvement of women&rsquo
s position within the market mechanism are discussed. We found that despite its importance, education on its own is inadequate to secure gender equality in both private and public sphere.
33
Björn, Josefhine, and Matilda Edqvist. ""Happy wife, happy life, brukar man ju säga…" -En kvalitativ studie om mäns upplevelser av att inte vara den främsta inkomsttagaren i hushållet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73446.
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According to the traditional gender structures the man is seen as the breadwinner and the woman as the housewife. These traditional patterns are slowly being replaced by more equal relationships and today, women are a natural part of the workforce. It is becoming increasingly common nowadays for women in relationships to have a higher income than their partners. Previous research from the United States points out that the connection between the role as family provider and masculinity is still up to date. In this study the man’s experiences about not being the breadwinner is accordingly investigated. Questions about the division of labour in the home, equality in the relationship and how the man experiences the change of the traditional gender structures is in focus. This qualitative study finds its result based on six swedish male respondents experiences concerning not being the main wage earners. The result of the study indicate that these men is actively striving towards an equal daily life as it seems to be the ideal in Sweden. The interviewed men describe that they do not attach significant importance regarding them not being the breadwinner, but shades of strategies that are used to maintain parts of the traditional masculinity can however be interpreted. Keywords:Enligt de traditionella könsstrukturerna så ses mannen som familjeförsörjaren och kvinnan ses som hemmafrun. Dessa traditionella mönster ersätts sakta men säkert av mer jämställda relationer och idag är kvinnor en naturlig del av arbetskraften. Det blir numer allt vanligare att kvinnan i relationer har en högre inkomst än sin partner. Tidigare forskning från USA poängterar att kopplingen mellan rollen som familjeförsörjare och manlighet fortfarande är aktuell. I denna studie undersöks därmed mannens upplevelser av att inte vara den huvudsakliga inkomsttagaren. Frågor gällande arbetsfördelningen i hemmet, jämställdhet i relationen och hur mannen upplever förändringen av de traditionella könsstrukturerna står i centrum. Denna kvalitativa studie finner sitt resultat baserat på sex svenska manliga intervjupersoners upplevelser angående att inte vara den huvudsakliga inkomsttagaren. Studiens resultat tyder på att dessa män aktivt strävar efter att leva ett jämställt vardagsliv då det tycks vara idealet i Sverige. De intervjuade männen beskriver att de inte fäster någon större betydelse vid att de inte är huvudinkomsttagaren, däremot kan nyanser uttydas av att strategier trots allt används för att bibehålla delar av den traditionella manligheten.
34
Risberg, Gunilla. ""I am solely a professional - neutral and genderless" : on gender bias and gender awareness in the medical profession /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-300.
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Evans, Alice. "Women can do what men can do : the causes and consequences of growing flexibility in gender divisions of labour in Kitwe, Zambia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/752/.
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This thesis explores the causes and consequences of growing flexibility in gender divisions of labour in Kitwe, Zambia. It examines the relationship between four contemporary trends (1990-2011): worsening economic security, growing flexibility in gender divisions of labour in the form of increasing female labour force participation and occupational desegregation, and the weakening of gender stereotypes. The evidence for these trends comes from census data, earlier ethnographies and my own qualitative research (April 2010 − March 2011). The analysis draws upon a theoretical framework that interprets sex-differentiated practices as resulting from internalised gender stereotypes, cultural expectations and patterns of resource access. The substantive chapters of the thesis consider alternative hypotheses. Did worsening economic security trigger flexibility in gender divisions of labour, which then weakened gender stereotypes (Chapter 4)? Alternatively, was such flexibility actually contingent upon a prior rejection of gender stereotypes, due to particular formative experiences (Chapter 5) or gender sensitisation (Chapter 6)? This thesis argues that worsening economic security led many families to sacrifice the social gains accrued by complying with cultural expectations of gender divisions of labour in exchange for the financial benefits of female labour force participation. But occupational desegregation is partly attributed to a prior rejection of gender stereotypes. Flexibility in gender divisions of labour seems to undermine gender stereotypes and related status inequalities, by enabling exposure to a critical mass of women performing roles that they were previously presumed to be incapable and that are valorised because they were historically performed by men. Common forms of gender sensitisation in Zambia were rarely said to be independently persuasive; impact generally appears contingent upon exposure to a critical mass of women in socially valued domains. Sensitisation also seems more effective when it enables participants to see that others also endorse gender equality. This can increase confidence in the objective validity of one’s own egalitarian beliefs and also shift cultural expectations.
36
Herrmann, Jeremia. "Arbeitsmarktsegregation." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220230.
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Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktsegregation nimmt die ungleiche Verteilung und Präsenz von Gruppen nach dem Merkmal Geschlecht innerhalb verschiedener Sphären der Erwerbsarbeit (bspw. in Betrieben, Berufen, Berufsfeldern oder auf Hierarchieebenen) in den Blick. Die Geschlechtersegregation hat fast immer negative Auswirkungen (z.B. schlechtere Bezahlung oder geringere Aufstiegschancen) auf Frauen*. Generell wird zwischen horizontaler und vertikaler Segregation unterschieden. In der Forschung hat sich der Blick auf geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktsegregation von akteurszentrierten über strukturkategoriale hin zu sozial-konstruktivistischen Ansätzen entwickelt.
37
Adams, Tracey Lynn. "A dentist and a gentleman the significance of gender to the establishment of the dental profession /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28268.pdf.
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Hornung, Maria. "The Perception of Fairness in the Division of Labor across the Transition to Parenthood." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162355.
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Labor division is highly gendered in Germany, especially after the transition to parenthood. When having a child, more women than men are taking parental leave, and mainly women do the additional household chores. While many studies have looked at the distribution of labor across the transition to parenthood, few studies have investigated how this distribution is perceived. This study explores the perceived fairness of the division of labor in a partnership before and after the transition to parenthood using ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed-effects regressions. As the focus is set on Germany, the data for the analysis derive from pairfam, a German panel study launched in 2008. The results show that men’s perceived fairness of the division of labor is hardly affected by the transition to fatherhood. For women, in contrast, motherhood leads to a higher perception of fairness. Employment thereby mediates this relationship by decreasing the effect the transition to motherhood has on the fairness. The findings hint to a dissatisfaction of employed women with the distribution of paid and unpaid work after transitioning to parenthood.
39
Kuchynka, Sophie. "Prejudice Asymmetry: The Cultural Acceptance of Sexism." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7833.
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Sexism tends to be a culturally accepted form of prejudice. I propose the relatively strong trivialization of societal sexism stems from the unique benefits that men receive from the gender status hierarchy, compared to other types of group-based hierarchies. Three studies examined why people, men in particular, trivialize or justify gender bias in relation to other types of group-based biases. Study 1 was a correlational study that examined whether participants downplay the existence and social harm of gender bias in relation to racial, religious, and sexual orientation bias, moderated by participant gender. Participants reported stronger trivialization and denial of gender bias, compared to other three types of bias. Study 2 experimentally tested whether White men’s justifications for gender bias, in relation to racial bias, stems from the dyadic benefits men receive in interpersonal relationships with women. White men high in proximal benefits reported stronger essentialist justifications in the gender bias, compared to the racial bias condition. Study 3 examined whether heterosexual men, compared to heterosexual women and gay men, endorse stronger justifications for gender bias, compared to sexual orientation bias. Heterosexual men endorsed stronger essentialist justifications in the gender bias, compared to the sexual orientation bias condition. Implications of these findings are discussed.
40
Lindeborg, Anna-Klara. "Where Gendered Spaces Bend : The Rubber Phenomenon in Northern Laos." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179293.
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This thesis seeks to understand and explain gendered everyday life in the village of HatNyao in Northwestern Laos, specifically in relation to rubber cultivation, by using an ethnographic approach and methods. The ‘rubber boom’ is changing the landscape of Northern Laos, and in the process is reshaping gendered everyday life. Gender relations in the village of HatNyao are undergoing various transformations whereby previous gender structures start to erode. Additional changes will probably continue to occur, largely due to increasing labour shortages. Gendered everyday life in HatNyao is therefore ‘bending’ with the changes associated with rubber cultivation, as well as in relation to different spaces of the everyday and household diversity. The concept of ‘paradoxical gendered spaces’ is invoked to capture the ways in which the dimensions and activities of the everyday vary with, in particular, ethnicity and age. Most households in HatNyao have improved their living conditions due to rubber cultivation. Nevertheless, inequalities are increasing within the village: better-off households have improved their situation, while for others it has been more difficult to adapt to the new conditions of everyday life and rubber cultivation. As the number of villages introducing rubber in Laos is increasing, alongside the number reaching the crucial tapping stage, it is essential to understand how rubber cultivation in smallholder communities interacts with gender relations and the division of labour. There are thus both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ outcomes from introducing rubber in Laos, since it depends on the context, as well as on the diverse spaces of the everyday.
41
Ayala, Garcia Maria Isabel. "International migration and its consequences on the social construction of gender a case study of a Mexican rural town /." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/274.
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Rocha, Ana Maria Santos. "Impacto das condições de trabalho e das responsabilidades domésticas nas condições de vida das trabalhadoras da FAET." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=930.
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A pesquisa aferiu junto as operárias da empresa metalúrgica FAET sua percepção do significado do trabalho e da sobrecarga doméstica em suas vidas. A partir de uma fundamentação da centralidade do trabalho na sociedade capitalista, da importância do trabalho para a formação do ser social e da influência da divisão social do trabalho na manutenção das desigualdades no âmbito do trabalho e da família.The research verified, among women workers in the metallurgic company FAET, their perception of the meaning of their work and of the domestic surcharge they carry in their lives. This research was built based on some fundaments: the centrality of work in capitalist society, the importance of work to build the social being, and the influence of the division of work to maintain the prevailing inequalities in work and in family
43
Amaro, Jurema Cabral. "Reciclando vidas: análise das relações de gênero e divisão sexual do trabalho com mulheres líderes de cooperativas de materiais recicláveis no Estado do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9439.
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Após centenas de anos de exploração dos recursos naturais, a Terra começa a
mostrar as consequências de seu uso descontrolado. Nas últimas quatro décadas o homem tem
voltado seus olhos para a causa ambiental de forma mais intensa e conciliadora. Como
resultado dessa nova maneira de pensar, a sociedade e a indústria, que se veem obrigadas a se
adaptar às novas tendências de mercado e novas formas de produção. Produzindo melhor e
consumindo menos, fecha-se uma cadeia de produção estruturada. Mas, por mais que se
invista em tecnologia, um problema sempre existirá: o resíduo, incluindo-se nesta categoria,
também os rejeitos produzidos pelas atividades humanas. O tratamento de resíduos é uma
questão de difícil solução mesmo à longo prazo. As cooperativas de reciclagem se apresentam
como uma nova forma de empreendimento, inserido em moldes mais modernos, baseados nos
princípios da Economia Solidária, existente em países da Europa e América Latina, com
destaque para o Brasil. É nesse cenário que se encontra o objeto de estudo da pesquisa: a
mulher catadora/recicladora. Estatísticas apontam que em muitos estados do país elas chegam
a 65% dos trabalhadores. Muitas dessas cooperativas são administradas por mulheres, quando
não, frequentadas majoritariamente por elas. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar como
se configuram as relações de gênero e divisão sexual do trabalho, partindo da visão das
dirigentes das cooperativas. Questões semiestruturadas, com abordagem qualitativa foram
elaboradas e aplicadas à nove líderes de associação de catadores da região metropolitana do
Rio de Janeiro e do Vale do Paraíba Fluminense (Resende). As entrevistas foram filmadas
para a elaboração de um documentário acadêmico, também produto desta pesquisa. Foram
encontradas na pesquisa, convergências em relação à divisão sexual do trabalho, partindo de
princípios sexistas onde os homens deveriam se encarregar do trabalho mais pesado e as
mulheres do trabalho mais fino, como a triagem. No entanto, a realidade apontada pelas
entrevistadas nos remete à naturalização do trabalho multitarefa, onde elas se incubem de
realizar todos os procedimentos, estando ou não na presença de homens na cooperativa.After hundreds of years of exploitation of its natural resources, the earth starts to show the consequences of being uncontrollably used. In the last four decades, man has turned his attention to the environment in a more concerned and responsible way. As a result, society and industry are forced to adapt to the new market trends and modes of production. Improved production and reduced consumption are structuring the new production chains. However, in spite of all tecnological advances, there will always be the problem of waste. Disposal of waste presents a challenge in the long term. Recycling co-operative societies, found in many countries in Europe and Latin America, and particularly in Brazil, are enterprises based on the principles of solidarity economics. The object of this research are the women working on such enterprises, the female collector/recycler and her environment. Statistics show that, in many states in Brazil, they may compose up to 65% of workers and often run the co-operatives themselves. The broad goal of this paper is to examine how gender issues, such as divison of labour are perceived by women running the co-operatives. Leading women from several collector co-operatives active in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro and of the Vale do Paraíba region were asked to answer a series of semi-structured questions. Interviews were filmed and edited into a short documentary. Results showed a persistent trend of sexual division of labour where men were responsible for tasks requiring strengh , such as carring heavy loads and women were responsible for tasks requiring concentration and precision, such as sorting out materials. However, there was evidence of a growing tencency of women carrying out all activities, regardless of the presence of men.
44
Ballard, Sarah. "A question of salience a gender analysis of the work-family interface /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/ballard.pdf.
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45
Herrmann, Jeremia. "Arbeitsmarktsegregation." Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15386.
Full textAbstract:
Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktsegregation nimmt die ungleiche Verteilung und Präsenz von Gruppen nach dem Merkmal Geschlecht innerhalb verschiedener Sphären der Erwerbsarbeit (bspw. in Betrieben, Berufen, Berufsfeldern oder auf Hierarchieebenen) in den Blick. Die Geschlechtersegregation hat fast immer negative Auswirkungen (z.B. schlechtere Bezahlung oder geringere Aufstiegschancen) auf Frauen*. Generell wird zwischen horizontaler und vertikaler Segregation unterschieden. In der Forschung hat sich der Blick auf geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktsegregation von akteurszentrierten über strukturkategoriale hin zu sozial-konstruktivistischen Ansätzen entwickelt.
46
Wistus, Sofia. "Jämställdhet : definitioner, attityder och jämställdhetsåtgärder i praktiken." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1365.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this essay is to discuss the relationship between the definition of the concept of gender equality and attitudes towards gender equality and their consequences for gender equality measures. The point of departure is feminist political theory and interviews about attitudes towards gender equality at a department at the University of Linköping. The conclusions of this study is that there are a wide range of definitions and attitudes, and these conceptions are not necessarily the same as those being pointed out in the official gender equality policy at the University of Linköping. In this study the opinions of measures for gender equality among the interviewed are widely spread. Some finding Swedish men and women already being equal and therefore there is no need for measures, since this would result in discrimination of men since women would gain advantages from being women. Others find measures for gender equality important since the society and the University is male-defined and therefore not equal. Following, there is a need for further discussions on the definition of, and measures for gender equality. The feminist perspective on the concept of gender equality highlights the need for consideration on how the measures are reproducing, reinforcing or reconceptualizing the signification of gender.
47
Jonsson, Malin. "Kvinnors arbete och hushållens försörjning. Vävinkomsternas betydelse för hushållsekonomin i Siljansbygden 1938–1955." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economic History, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7077.
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The principal purpose of this thesis has been to analyse the importance of women´s waged work with handicrafts for the household economy in the Swedish countryside during a period of rapid industrialisation and growth. The point of departure for the analysis has been a theoretical and methodological frame of interpretation on three levels. The levels that have been studied are the national institutional level of society, the level of the local society and the household level.
This thesis has shown that women’s ways of providing for themselves cannot be explained with reference to any one factor. The explanation for the gender division of labour must be seen as the result of the interplay of several different factors on different levels. By investigating how the conditions for making a living looked like on the three different levels, the thesis has shown that, together, factors on the national institutional and the local societal levels, as well as on the individual household level, affected women’s work and how it can be understood.
The thesis has described how the ideal of the breadwinner has changed during the transition from an agrarian to an industrial society. By studying a traditional form of female wage work – handicrafts – during a period when women were not expected to be gainfully employed, the thesis has shown that this transition was a slow process that manifested itself differently on different levels and that the old agrarian gender order survived for a long time despite the fact that people’s means of making a living had changed in a fundamental way. Women’s handicraft work was a continuing feature during this transitional period.
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Barbosa, Luciana Cândido. "Trabalho doméstico: uma análise das condições de trabalho das empregadas domésticas sindicalizadas do município de João Pessoa-PB." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7241.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-27Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This essay aims to study domestic employment in João Pessoa city in order to investigate the working conditions of unionized housekeepers in the labor market in the city of João Pessoa, the difficulties faced in the workplace and to lesser qualifications and remuneration of those employed are settled in the permanence of sexism, racism and poverty in society. Presents the historical context of gender category and feminism in Brazil, a critical reading of the sexual division of labor, a reflection about domestic work in Brazil and specifically in Paraiba, pointing some legal goals and union struggles. The research reveal that the devaluation of domestic work in João Pessoa is permeated by gender discrimination, social class and race / ethnicity that are intertwined with each other, as structural dimensions of social reality. Thus, research about housekeepers in João Pessoa indicated the same category challenges in Brazil, such as the exploitation of the working day, the double shift and informality, revealing a inferior and enslaved job. However, there is recognition of domestic work as a worthy and decent profession by these workers. This research helped to subsidize the academia data through about the domestic work reality in Joao Pessoa - the union of the maids, the social movement and feminist with data regarding (housekeepers employment socioeconomic conditions affiliated to the Union of Workers and Housekeepers in the city of João Pessoa. Besides collaborating with reflections on gender inequalities and work in this middle in Social Service.
A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o emprego doméstico na cidade de João Pessoa, buscando investigar as condições de trabalho das empregadas domésticas sindicalizadas do município de João Pessoa; às dificuldades enfrentadas no trabalho e se a menor qualificação e remuneração dessas empregadas estão assentadas na permanência do machismo, do racismo e da pobreza na sociedade. Apresenta o contexto histórico da categoria gênero e do feminismo brasileiro, uma leitura crítica da divisão sexual do trabalho, uma reflexão sobre o trabalho doméstico no Brasil e especificamente na Paraíba, pontuando alguns marcos legais e lutas sindicais. A pesquisa indicou que na desvalorização do trabalho doméstico na cidade de João Pessoa é permeada por discriminações de gênero, de classe social e de raça/etnia que estão imbricadas entre si, como dimensões estruturantes da realidade social. Desse modo, apresentou os mesmos desafios da categoria no Brasil, como a exploração da jornada de trabalho, a dupla jornada e a informalidade, revelando um trabalho subalternizado e escravizado. Contudo, há um reconhecimento do trabalho doméstico como uma profissão digna e decente por parte dessas trabalhadoras. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para subsidiar o meio acadêmico, o Sindicato das empregadas domésticas, o movimento social e feminista com dados a respeito do trabalho doméstico em João Pessoa, especialmente as condições socioeconômicas de trabalho das empregadas domésticas filiadas ao Sindicato das Trabalhadoras e Trabalhadores Domésticos do Município de João Pessoa e Região. Além de colaborar com as reflexões sobre as desigualdades de gênero e trabalho nesse campo no Serviço Social.
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Ulveseth, Sara, and Tobias Högberg. "Från par till föräldrar : om anpassning och skenbar jämställdhet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44562.
Full textAbstract:
Sammanfattning Detta är en sociologisk studie som med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer har undersökt hur föräldrar upplever övergången från par till föräldrar, samt hur föräldraskapet inverkar på jämställdhet. Att bli förälder är något många i vårt samhälle upplever. Denna övergång är fylld av emotioner, krav och förväntningar. I det svenska samhället har jämställdhet länge varit en högaktuell fråga. Lagar har konstituerats, belöningar har skapats för den som förmått vara jämställd i den bemärkelsen att de delat lika på föräldraledighetsdagarna. Att få barn och skapa en familj är ofta förknippat med kärlek och gemenskap, men sällan synonymt med att känna sig ledig. Snarare är det förknippat med oro, stress, ansvar över såväl barn som att sköta om hemmet. Hemmet kräver omsorg och arbete, men vem som ska utföra arbetet har blivit en fråga att diskutera både i politiken och i familjens vardag. Jämställdhet borde innebära lika ansvar och delaktighet i barnomsorg och hushållsarbete för båda föräldrar. Denna studie visar hur övergången från par till föräldrar ökar känslan av trygghet och gemenskap hos individerna, men också att övergången är liktydig med stress och förväntningar om jämställdhet. Studien visar även att dessa föräldrars syn på jämställdhet är förknippat med arbetsdelning och omsorg främst kring barnet. Då arbetsdelning och jämställdhet kring hushållsarbetet och i parrelationen verkar bortprioriteras, kan fädernas engagemang i barnen skapa en skenbar jämställdhet. I vår studie ser vi en anpassning som är gynnsam för männens relation till sina barn, men ogynnsam för kvinnors rättighet till lika möjligheter och samma värde.Abstract This is a sociological study using qualitative interviews examining how parents experience the transition from couple to parenthood, and how parenthood affects equality. Becoming a parent is something many in our society experience during their lifetime. This transition is full of emotions, needs and expectations. In Swedish society, gender equality has long been a highly topical issue. Legislation has been constituted, and rewards have been created for those who manage to be equal in the sense that they share equally on parental leave days. To have children and create a family is often associated with love and fellowship, but rarely synonymous with feelings of freedom. Rather, it is associated with anxiety, stress and responsibility over children, as well as taking care of the home. The household requires care and work, but who of the parents that will carry out the work has become an issue to discuss, both in politics and in the family's everyday life. Gender equality should mean equal responsibility and involvement in childcare and household work for both parents. This study shows how the transition from couple to parents increases the sense of a stronger connection between the family members, but also that the transition is synonymous with stress and expectations of equality. This study also shows that the parents' views on gender equality are associated with the division of labor and care primarily concerning the child. As the division of labor and gender equality concerning the household work and in the couple’s relationship lack priority, the father’s involvement in the children create an apparent equality. In our study we see an adaptation favorable to men's relationship with their children, but unfavorable for women's rights to equal opportunities and equal value.
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Ella, Ericsson, and Tillman Malin. "När kärleken tar slut : En studie om separationer ur ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101303.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to investigate separations from a gender perspective. Gender research has focused on the division of housework, economy and equality between men and women. To investigate separations from a gender perspective eight interviews with four separated women and four separated men were conducted. To analyze the empirical data the gender theory is used which illustrates the social gender. The study may contribute to research that sheds light on separation from a gender perspective. The results showed that the division of household labour, changes in the parental role and sharing of economical as well as social resources were gendered practices. The main finding of the study is that separation is a gendered process which is explained by the help of Yvonne Hirdmans theory on the balance of power between the sexes in marriages.