Academic literature on the topic 'Gender equity policies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gender equity policies"
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Buchanan, Kim Shayo, and Phillip Atiba Goff. "Bodycams and Gender Equity." Public Culture 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-7532739.
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Law enforcement agencies, community advocates and policymakers hope that the widespread adoption of police bodycams will alleviate racial disparities and reduce misconduct and use of force. Racial justice has been central to this conversation, but gender justice has not. This essay takes an intersectional, gendered look at bodycam policies, challenging the assumption that officers will act more fairly when they know they are being recorded. Bodycam policies typically ensure that cameras are turned off during investigations of gendered crimes such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and sex work or sex trafficking. Thus women, sex workers, and gender-nonconforming people may be disproportionately excluded from any benefits of bodycam surveillance. But privacy and dignity interests, as well as investigatory realities, preclude the indiscriminate recording of every police-citizen interaction. More importantly, video recording will not promote accountability unless the recorded behavior is meaningfully prohibited. Unfortunately, many of the abusive practices that arise in gendered investigations are allowed by law, policy, or custom. Bodycams can promote accountability only where they are accompanied by an institutional commitment to fair and professional policing.
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Jacobs, Lesley A. "Equal Opportunity and Gender Disadvantage." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900002563.
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Recently, in Canada both the Federal Government and various provincial governments have introduced a series of measures intended to address gender inequalities in the workplace. These measures are of two basic types. Employment equity policies involve the implementation of affirmative action programmes designed to encourage the hiring and promotion of more women in, for example, the civil service. Pay equity policies have sought to institutionalize the principle of equal pay for work of equal value or, to use the American terminology, comparable worth. The aim of this paper is to resurrect the presently out of fashion view that the principles of affirmative action and comparative worth that underlie employment equity and pay equity can be defended on the grounds that they contribute to the realization of an ideal of equality of opportunity between men and women in Canadian society. This view, although once prevalent among those concerned with gender issues, has been pushed aside, largely because of doubts about the visionary depth of the ideal of equality of opportunity. It has been replaced instead by an ideal of equality of results which emphasizes the goal of reducing the gender wage gap. It is my intention here to formulate a principle of equality of opportunity that can incorporate recent feminist legal and political philosophy in a way that offers a promising way to analyze issues posed by gender inequalities in the workplace and, as a result, provide a clear rationale for the recent employment equity and pay equity initiatives in Canada.
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Stevenson, Linda S. "The Bachelet Effect on Gender-Equity Policies." Latin American Perspectives 39, no. 4 (April 9, 2012): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x12441518.
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Manyweathers, Jennifer, Jessie Lymn, Geraldine Rurenga, Katie Murrell-Orgill, Shara Cameron, and Cate Thomas. "The Lived Experience of Gender and Gender Equity Policies at a Regional Australian University." Social Sciences 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9070115.
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The research question driving this project was ‘what is the congruence between the lived experience of gender and a policy designed to improve gender equity in a university environment?’ The study used mixed methods to investigate the question. These methods included analysis of organisational travel data, and a collaborative autoethnography of participants engaging with claims for dependent care support expenses while travelling for work. The research found four key themes influencing the relationship between gender equity policies and the lived experience of staff. These include gatekeeping, organisation-wide funding of gender equity policies, policy development processes and gender equity as a concept. This article presents a series of transferable recommendations for organisations looking to improve gender equity.
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Newton, Kathy, and Kate Huppatz. "Policewomen’s Perceptions of Gender Equity Policies and Initiatives in Australia." Feminist Criminology 15, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085120937060.
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This paper explores policewomen’s perceptions of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) initiatives including breastfeeding rooms, part-time and flexible work arrangements, and gender quotas. Drawing on interviews with 18 Australian policewomen, our analysis reveals that while policewomen recognize that good initiatives and policies exist, when workers attempt to access them, they are often met with resistance and resentment. Policewomen express concerns about quotas, fearing that they might translate to a loss of respect and credibility for women workers. Our research aims to create a more nuanced understanding of how EEO policies are practiced within policing and considers possibilities for future policies.
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Richardson, Emma, Elizabeth Alvarez, and Temitayo Ifafore-Calfee. "Lessons From Zika Policies to Improve Gender Equity." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 6, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2018.25.
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Gender equity is easily supported in theory but harder to pursue in practice. In this article, the case of Zika travel policies is used to illustrate some glaring gaps related to gender, for both men and women, at both international and national levels. Zika travel policies have not considered new evidence on biological or social determinants of health, putting babies at risk of exposure. The authors suggest best practices at the international level, such as developing pre-organized gender committees to provide actionable and swift advice for international infectious disease policies; at the national level, such as promoting holistic policies addressing mosquito control and sex and gender considerations, including access to reproductive health services; and at the local level, such as education on local infectious diseases. These deliberations are especially important with emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), as little may be known about them. New knowledge needs to be translated in a timely fashion in order to shape effective and equitable policies.
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Igiebor, Oluwakemi Temitope. "Rethinking Gender Centres in Nigerian Universities." Journal of Gender, Culture and Society 2, no. 2 (October 26, 2022): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jgcs.2022.2.2.2.
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For the past three decades, discussions centred on gender equity have become buzzwords in academic institutions in Nigeria, which has led to an increasing effort to establish gender centres and adopt equity policies. Despite the awareness and presence of gender centres in Nigerian universities, institutionalising gender equity has been challenging. There is a struggle to explain how policy absence and gender centre mergers may constrain positive institutional gender change. This article explores why academic institutions have established gender centres but have not created gender policies. Taking into account the gender stakeholder’s perspectives in two purposively selected universities in Nigeria, this study utilises an integrated feminist approach to investigate why university gender centres are unable to advance gender equity within the institutions. Concepts like institutional resistance and layering offered tools that helped capture the dynamics of institutional change and stasis in the case studies. Findings showed that the existence of gender centres without formalised policies is a window-dressing approach that limits the potential for gender equity within the universities. It also revealed how the redirection of gender centres through mergers with other centres is ‘gendered’. Evidence showed that the prospect for institutional gender change is often tempered by merging incompatible and non-complementary centres. This study, thus, adds to the scholarly literature on institutional resistance, providing valuable insights into the subtle manifestations of resistance towards gender equity institutionalisation in academia.
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Stromquist, Nelly P. "Education policies for gender equity: Probing into state responses." education policy analysis archives 21 (August 26, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v21n65.2013.
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The implementation of non-discriminatory sex legislation provides theoretical and empirical grounds to examine responses by the state to gender equality. Tracing the trajectory of one such law in the U.S.—Title IX—over a period of 40 years, this study analyzes the extent to which the state: (1) acted as a unitary body, and (2) functioned to dismantle its own oppressive gender features. By examining the federal government’s three core branches (executive, legislative, and judicial), the study finds differential responses by branch, with the greatest variability expressed by the executive branch, revealing the state to be less than a coherent institution. The study also shows only modest efforts to enforce the law, raising doubts about the commitment of the state to transform the social relations of gender. The state’s framing of gender equality exclusively in terms of non-discriminatory practices falls short of fostering changes in gender mentalities and identities in U.S. educational institutions—an outcome reflected in the persistent gender clustering of fields of study at the university level.
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Efendi, Suryono. "KESENJANGAN GENDER DAN KESETARAAN KETENAGAKERJAAN: SEBUAH TINJAUAN." PAPATUNG: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Pemerintahan dan Politik 1, no. 3 (December 22, 2018): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/japp.v1i3.405.
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The purpose of this article is to discuss Employment Equity and many sub-issues including male domination in organizations, target groups, government policies, and quota systems. This study attempts to address the topic of whether equality in the mirror is only "sweet words without meaning" that glosses over women's failings in the name of the organization's dedication to women's advancement. Thus, workplace equality is a concern for growth that is entirely balanced on the basis of merit and ability, as well as aggressively supporting good women and minorities without regard for bias or prejudice. Perfect workplace equity contributes to the organization's attractiveness as a place to work and strengthens the organization's image of social responsibility.
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Hart, Susan M. "Unions and Pay Equity Bargaining in Canada." Relations industrielles 57, no. 4 (September 9, 2003): 609–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006903ar.
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Summary Provincial government pay equity policies require the negotiation of pay equity in unionized workplaces. The methodology is complex and unions have to be knowledgeable and committed to rectifying discriminatory wages. According to the literature, Canadian unions have shown varied levels of effectiveness regarding their pursuit of women’s equality, and this article explores how well these unions represent women’s interests during pay equity bargaining. Based on case studies of the Ontario public service and health care in Newfoundland, the article concludes that the most effective unions supplemented their conventional negotiating techniques with gender analysis and pay equity expertise. These tools were developed primarily through negotiators’ formal links with internal equality structures and their knowledge of equality policies, together with women’s networking inside and outside the labour movement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gender equity policies"
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Kawana, Sanae. "Gender equity policies in higher education in Japan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43464/1/Sanae_Kawana_Thesis.pdf.
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In a similar fashion to many western countries, the political context of Japan has been transformed since the 1975 UN World Conference on Women, which eventually led to the establishment of the Basic Law for a Gender-equal Society in Japan in 1999. The Basic Law sets out a series of general guidelines across every field of society, including education. This trajectory policy research study targets gender issues in Japanese higher education and follows the development of the Basic Law and, in particular, how it has been interpreted by bureaucrats and implemented within the field of higher education. This feminist policy research study examines Japanese power relationships within the field of gender and identifies gender discourses embedded within Japanese gender equity policy documents. The study documents the experiences of, and strategies used by, Japanese feminists in relation to gender equity policies in education. Drawing on critical feminist theory and feminist critical discourse theory, the study explores the relationship between gender discourses and social practices and analyses how unequal gender relations have been sustained through the implementation of Japanese gender equity policy. Feminist critical policy analysis and feminist critical discourse analysis have been used to examine data collected through interviews with key players, including policy makers and policy administrators from the national government and higher education institutions offering teacher education courses. The study also scrutinises the minutes of government meetings, and other relevant policy documents. The study highlights the struggles between policy makers in the government and bureaucracy, and feminist educators working for change. Following an anti-feminist backlash, feminist discourses in the original policy documents were weakened or marginalised in revisions, ultimately weakening the impact of the Basic Law in the higher education institutions. The following four key findings are presented within the research: 1) tracking of the original feminist teachers’ movement that existed just prior to the development of the Basic Law in 1999; 2) the formation of the Basic Law, and how the policy resulted in a weakening of the main tenets of women’s policy from a feminist perspective; 3) the problematic manner in which the Basic Law was interpreted at the bureaucratic level; and 4) the limited impact of the Basic Law on higher education and the strategies and struggles of feminist scholars in reaction to this law.
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Sultan, Tipu. "Gender Equality a case study of Sweden : Gender Equality Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5726.
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The paper analyses Gender Equality, Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal as a case study of Sweden. The aim of paper is see the gender equality, gender equity, discrimination against women at workplace and to describe the policies combating inequality in the welfare state of Sweden. This work highlights the gender equality in terms of institutionalizing gender equality, gender equity, gender and pay gap, parental leave, gender and the pension system and sexual behavior directed towards women and policies combating inequality to bring equality in society. For my research I used the secondary data the fact sheets, scientific literature, statistics from eurostate of Sweden and case studies about Swedish society and the theoretical explanation to explain the phenomena. To achieve my aim I used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. I showed the empirical evidences of these phenomena from the Swedish society and theoretical analysis about equality and equity of gender in different wakes of life. I found an interesting conclusion that there are good policies and legislation to combat inequality to bring society but there are no policies to change the perception of society about male and female role.
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Wafeq, Nabila. "Shifting Perspectives: Changing Policies Promoting Women’s Empowerment in Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20503.
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THESIS ABSTRACT
In this thesis, I attempt to identify major obstacles that are challenging the implementation of international human rights treaties in Afghanistan. With a focus on the treaties that promote women’s rights and prevent violence against women in a post-conflict situation. There are several obstacles including lack of rule of law and the existence of customary practices in Afghanistan. Despite these challenges, there are national legislations and policies that promote women’s rights and empowerment in Afghanistan. However, for women’s empowerment, it is not sufficient to have supportive laws and policies, but there is need for a systematic transformation of patriarchal structures by conducting a thorough gender analysis and ensuring gender mainstreaming. The Afghan government, as part of its commitment to the international community, has to take measures for removing obstacles and ensuring the implementation of human rights treaties in order to pave the way for women’s empowerment in Afghanistan.
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Duot, Kulang Mayen Kulang. "Assessing the implementation of gender equity policies in education in Bor County, South Sudan." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015134.
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Education is a fundamental human right, a vital resource in overcoming poverty and inequality globally. All children have the right to quality basic education, the bedrock for a productive life. But key to this success is ensuring that girls, as well as boys, have full, equal access to a good quality education system, which gives them knowledge and skills (Fast-tracking, 2011:2). This research study explores the main challenges in the implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County in South Sudan. An exploratory research design was applied to explain to what extent policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County, has been achieved and implemented. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were applied through questionnaire administration and focus group discussion interviews. Of the sampled respondents about ninety percent (90%) of the respondents were males, while only ten percent (10%) were females, seventy-three percent (73%) were in the middle aged group of 26-45 years. Forty-six percent (46%) had secondary level of education, while about fifty-four (54%) had a tertiary level education. About eighty-four percent (84%) of the respondents reported the existence of policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County. Ninety-eight percent, (98%) of the respondents were of the perceptions that it was critically important that policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County be effectively implemented. About seventy-four percent (74%) of them reported that the institutions responsible for formulating or contributing to policy making include among others: the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology National government and Jonglei State Ministry of Education, National and State Parliaments, Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare, Jonglei state and South Sudan transitional Constitutions, with the support from United Nations agencies such as World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF, IOM and UNMIISS, also other NGOs for example, Hold the Child, CRS, Save the Children Sweden, JAM and fifty-six percent (56%) reported that these policies did not address the gender equity in education system in Bor County. Respondents pointed to some of the challenges related to implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County. These challenges entail: lack of financial support to implement gender policies in education, rigid communal traditions and customs, long distance of schools from homes which impact on girls accessing education, illiteracy among the communities which makes them resist enrolling girls in schools, early and forced marriages by the parents, lack of clear gender equity policies in the state Ministry of Education in Jonglei state and Bor County Department of Education, parents who regard their daughters as sources of wealth through marriages, lack of commitment and dedication from the concerned authorities on the implementation of gender policies in education and lack of sensitisation of the community on gender policies in education by the County department of education. The study findings also suggest lack of monitoring and evaluation during the implementation of gender policies in education. Further to this, domestic chores by the girl child as well as poor road network to facilitate movement from one point to another to sensitise people on gender policies in education impede efforts to implement gender equity policies in education. Furthermore some parents regarded schools as places for unlimited freedom for girls. The findings of this study indicated that policies on gender equity in education system in Bor County were formulated and not implemented. The stakeholders in implementing these policies were experiencing challenges that hampered their individual initiative to implement the policies. This was as a result of many factors that have affected the efforts and the roles of stakeholders involving in the implementation of gender equity policies in education in Bor County in South Sudan.
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Baker, Marzena. "Gender equality in project-based organisations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205245/1/Marzena_Baker_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a mixed methods research study that focuses on the evaluation of gender equality in the project-based organisations. It aimed to explore how gender equality initiatives affect representation of women at various levels of organisations and to understand the impact of women’s representation on organisational outcomes. It also aimed to explore the issues of selection and implementation of HR initiatives designed to address equality and diversity. This research extends our knowledge of the effectiveness of gender equality initiatives on women’s representation and the organisational practices in the selection and implementation of formal HR initiatives designed to address it.
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Nyirongo, Richard Walibwe. "School participants' perceptions of gender equity issues in school policies and practices : an ethnographic case study of a public secondary school in Malawi /." View abstract, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3191710.
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Semedo, Elisângela Manuela Ramos. "A formulação de políticas públicas para a igualdade e equidade de género em Cabo Verde e as orientações da NEPAD." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14664.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Política SocialA promoção da igualdade e da equidade de género tem sido reconhecida como um dos eixos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de sociedades mais justas e simultaneamente mais democráticas. Além do mais é um objetivo acordado internacionalmente como pré-condição para que qualquer país ou região possa alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Sendo esse um tema que consideramos de fundamental importância, quer do ponto de vista social, quer do ponto de vista científico. Assim, e após alguma reflexão prévia, optou-se por tomar para argumento desta dissertação o II Plano Nacional para a Igualdade e Equidade de Género (PNIEG) implementado em Cabo Verde (2005-2009). A ambição deste estudo foi o de procurar compreender a medida da articulação deste Plano, com as recomendações da Nova Parceria para o Desenvolvimento de África (NEPAD) enquanto instrumento de Política Pública de âmbito regional, no que concerne à integração das questões de género. É missão da NEPAD coordenar e implementar programas e projetos em áreas consideradas prioritárias para o desenvolvimento da região africana. Desta forma importa, consideramos, estudar o modo como as orientações da NEPAD acabam por ser na prática integradas e adequadas pelos vários países do continente africano que as adotam, nomeadamente por Cabo Verde.
The promotion of gender equality and equity has been recognized as one of the fundamental axes for the development of more just and at the same time more democratic societies. Moreover, it is an internationally agreed goal as a precondition for any country or region to achieve sustainable development. This is a subject that we consider to be of fundamental importance, both from the social point of view and from the scientific point of view. Thus, and after some previous reflection, it was decided to take as an argument of this dissertation the II National Plan for Gender Equality and Equity (PNIEG, 2005-2009) implemented in Cape Verde. The ambition of this study is to try to understand the extent of articulation of this Plan, with the recommendations of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) as a regional public policy instrument, regarding the integration of gender issues. It is NEPAD's mission to coordinate and implement programs and projects in priority areas for the development of the African region. In this way it is important to consider how the NEPAD guidelines end up being in practice integrated and adapted by the various countries of the African continent that adopt them, namely Cape Verde.
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Gerwel, Heinrich John. "The effects of labour policies in the Piedmont Region of Italy on equity in the labour market: reflections on women in Labour." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2122.
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Magister Economicae - MEconThe study concentrates on a particular type of state intervention in social policy. It considers whether policy reforms and subsequent provision of information with regards to the issue of parental leave and part-time work arrangements, makes an impact on gender equity in the labour market (Del Boca, 2002; Naldini & Saraceno, 2008). Giddens' theory of structuration is the conceptual framework from which this study approaches these questions. It is thus held that agents (in this instance, women) are constrained by structures (labour policy framework and institutionalised labour practices) to achieve specific social goals. And further: that the apparent lack of power on the part of agents requires intervention on the part of the state apparatus to correct the failure (or inability) of the labour market to deliver the social justice as aspired to in the cited European Employment Strategy, as well as fostering economic efficiency (Barr, 1992). I further contend that not only are agents constrained by structural properties, but that institutional reform (in the form of labour policy reform) is constrained by the human action1 of the management of firms and enterprises as economic agents within the policy framework.
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Erlandsson, Pontus, and Gustaf Joelsson. "Managing Swedish Gender Equality Policies in Shanghai : A study on how Swedish based corporations, established in Shanghai, manage Swedish gender equality policies cross-culturally." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21698.
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Despite policy efforts by the Chinese state to eradicate gender inequality, statistics show that the issue of gender discrimination in the work domain has become increasingly acute in modern day China. The prevailing gender inequality derives from China’s deeply rooted masculine oriented cultural and societal structure, and traditional norms and values towards women in the work domain are fighting the policies against gender inequality that the Chinese state has implemented. Studies show that foreign affiliations have the ability to transplant corporate culture internationally, which also infers a transplantation of certain policies. One of the many western countries that have seen its corporations establish offices in China is Sweden - a country which puts a lot of focus and emphasis on promoting gender equality. Chinese and Swedish cultural and societal structure differs a lot, and so does the focus on gender equality. The theory suggests that gender equality is highly prioritized in Sweden, while it is less prioritized in China. This constitutes an interesting phenomena regarding how managers at Swedish based corporations, established in Shanghai, manage Swedish gender equality policies cross-culturally. The purpose of this study is to describe and explore how Swedish based corporations that are established in Shanghai, China, manage gender equality policies cross-culturally. In order to answer our research question, we performed four face to face semi-structured interviews together with four suitable Swedish based corporations at their offices in Shanghai. The results from this study concluded that the Swedish based corporations transfer the vast majority of their policy framework to their offices in Shanghai, particularly gender equality policies. The gender equality policies were often included in the corporations Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) framework. The study could conclude that even though no adaption was done to the policy documents per se, the Swedish corporations did adapt modestly to how they manage the policies in practice in Shanghai. This followed as a consequence of a wish to respectfully adapt to Chinese legal and cultural prerequisites. Due to China's legal prerequisites, some policies, such as parental leave, could not be fully implemented at the Shanghai offices. In other words, in those instances, the policy documents were trumped by legal employment regulations. Cultural prerequisites affected how the managers in the shanghai offices dealt with the policy documents in practice. Our study could found that policy management was closely connected to the corporate culture in the Shanghai offices. Our study could thus conclude that the Swedish based corporations adapt the policy management in practice to the meet Chinese culture, without compromising the Swedish corporate culture and values.Oberoende av de satsningar som den kinesiska staten har infört för att utrota ojämlikhet mellan män och kvinnor visar statistik att könsdiskriminering inom kinas företagsvärld ökar. Den rådandeojämlikheten härstammar från Kinas maskulint orienterade samhälle, och traditionella normer och värderingar motarbetar de jämställdhetsfrämjande policyer som den kinesiska staten har implementerat. Studier visar att globala företag har möjlighet att överföra och etableraföretagskulturen internationellt, vilket även innefattar specifika policyer. Ett land vars företag har etablerat många företagskontor i Kina är Sverige: ett land som har ett högt fokus på att främjajämställdhet. Den kinesiska kulturen och dess samhällsstruktur skiljer sig avsevärt från den svenska, vilket även inkluderar att arbetet för jämställdhet skiljer sig mycket mellan de två länderna. Teorin förklarar att jämställdhet är högt prioriterat i Sverige, medan den är mindre prioriterad i Kina. Avvikelsen mellan länderna leder till ett spännande forskningsfenomen, nämligen kring hur de svenska företag som är etablerade i Shanghai hanterar jämställdhetspolicyer interkulturellt. Syftet med vår studie är att beskriva och utforska hur svenska företag som är etablerade i Shanghaihanterar jämställdhetspolicyer interkulturellt. För att besvara vår forskningsfråga har vi genomfört fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fyra lämpligt utvalda svenska företag på deras kontor i Shanghai. Resultatet av vår studie visar att de svenska företagen överför majoriteten av sina policyer till kontoren i Shanghai, framförallt de policyerna som är relaterade till jämställdhet. Dessa jämställdhetspolicyer är oftast inkluderade i företagens ramverk för Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR, företagets samhällsansvar). Studien kan dra slutsatsen att svenska företag inte anpassar innehållet och betydelsen av sina jämställdhetspolicyer, men att de anpassar och förändrar hur de hanterar och arbetar med dem på kontoren i Shanghai. Anledningen till anpassningen är att de svenska företagen vill bemöta kinas kulturella och legala förutsättningar. Till följd av Kinas legala förutsättningar kan inte alla policyer etableras likadant i Shanghai som i Sverige; exempelvis vad gäller föräldraledighet. Sådana policyer övervins av de lokala legala bestämmelserna. De kulturella skillnaderna påverkar hur chefer på de kinesiska kontoren hanterar policyerna i praktiken. Studien visar att policyhantering är nära relaterat till företagskultur, och att det är genom företagskulturen som policyerna hanteras i praktiken. Således visar studien att de svenska företag som deltog i vår forskning anpassar hur de hanterar jämställdhetspolicyer i praktiken för att bemöta den kinesiskakulturen, utan att kompromissa den svenska företagskulturen och dess värderingar.
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Böhlen, Marc-André, and Thierry Hirschi. "Chocolate, Cheese and Gender Equality? : How Switzerland’s national culture influences the implementation of gender equality policies in companies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74875.
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Gender equality is one of the most topical issues of all. Many researchers around the world are addressing the issue of equal opportunities in the labour market and are looking for ways to ensure this in all sectors of the economy. This paper addresses this issue and aims to gain a deep understanding of the influence of a national culture on the implementation of gender equality policies within companies. With the help of a qualitative research method, the various factors of culture were examined and their relationship to the gender-specific understanding of a society analysed. The findings show the effects on companies operating in Switzerland and combine the experience of case companies with the literature already available. In order to test and further explore this combination, the authors of the thesis opted for an abductive research approach to repeatedly expand understanding with new literature and develop a more relevant comprehension of the influence of culture. The entire literature research finally created a framework that shows the links between the various theories and provides a clear overview of the background. With the help of selected case companies, important insights could be gained and with this empirical data, a detailed analysis for a better understanding of the influence of cultures on the implementation of gender equality policies could be achieved. These findings, combined with the existing theory and theoretical synthesis, provide a clear analysis and finally provide the reader with an insight into the implications, recommendations and limitations as well as suggestions for further research. Culture has a major influence on the implementation of gender equality policies. This paper shows how the various companies in Switzerland approach this influence and how Swedish companies with business operations in Switzerland in particular are pushing ahead with the implementation of policies for equality between women and men. This can give companies in Switzerland an indication of how they have to deal with cultural conditions within a country and how they can make optimum use of these for their human resource management.
Books on the topic "Gender equity policies"
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Lombardo, Emanuela, and Maxime Forest, eds. The Europeanization of Gender Equality Policies. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355378.
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Family shifts: Families, policies, and gender equality. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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How Obama's gender policies undermine America. New York, N.Y: Encounter Books, 2010.
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European gender regimes and policies: Comparative perspectives. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.
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Verloo, Mieke. Multiple meanings of gender equality: A critical frame analysis of gender policies in Europe. Budapest: CEU Press, 2007.
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Verloo, Mieke. Multiple meanings of gender equality: A critical frame analysis of gender policies in Europe. Budapest: CEU Press, 2007.
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GenderKompetenzZentrum, ed. Between success and disappointment: Gender equality policies in an enlarged Europe. Bielefeld: Kleine Verlag, 2008.
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Günseli, Berik, Rodgers, Yana van der Meulen., and Zammit Ann, eds. Social justice and gender equality: Rethinking development strategies and macroeconomic policies. New York: Routledge, 2008.
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Agnieszka, Grzybek, ed. Gender in the EU: The future of the Gender Policies in the European Union. Warsaw: Heinrich Böll Stiftung, 2009.
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Lucarelli, Sonia, ed. Gender and the European Union. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-638-1.
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Gender discrimination continues to be a reality in several parts of the world, also in Europe. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of both European Union’s (EU) gender policies and gender balance in EU institutions. It does so by looking at gender equality policies and the EU legal system concerning gender equality, women’s representation within diff erent institutions (and more particularly in the European External Action Service), gender rights as a type of human rights and the EU’s role in the external promotion of womens’ rights in third countries. The analysis shows that women’s representation in the EU institutions has increased in the last decades and that the EU has strengthened its att ention to gender rights in its external relations as well, however the results of both att empts are far from being fully satisfactory.
Book chapters on the topic "Gender equity policies"
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Rahm, Laura. "Bioethics, Sex Selection, and Gender Equity." In International Handbook of Population Policies, 719–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02040-7_33.
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Soler, Susanna, Ingrid Hinojosa-Alcalde, Pedrona Serra, and Ana Andrés. "Gender-Equity Policies in Sport in Practice." In Improving Gender Equity in Sports Coaching, 121–37. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003028642-10.
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Palmer, Ingrid. "Gender Equity and Economic Efficiency in Adjustment Programmes." In Women and Adjustment Policies in the Third World, 69–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11961-5_4.
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Pang, Yali. "Gender Equity in China and the Impacts of Family Planning Policies and Actions." In Global Equity in Administration, 23–49. New York, NY: Routledge, [2020]: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003055945-3.
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Baptista, João, Cristina Sin, and Orlanda Tavares. "Data and Reflections on Access-Transition to Higher Education in Portugal." In Equity Policies in Global Higher Education, 143–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69691-7_7.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses inequalities in the transition from upper secondary to higher education in Portugal, using empirical data from the General-Directorate of Education and Science Statistics (DGEEC). It argues that educational inequalities are already present in Portuguese students’ trajectories before higher education and that the transition to higher education therefore reflects these different opportunities. The central argument is that socioeconomic status is the most important aspect that directly or indirectly conditions transition to higher education in Portugal, and thus is the primary source of inequality in participation. The findings also point to other factors similar to those already highlighted in the literature as responsible for inequalities in access to higher education: previous schooling, gender, different regional opportunities and selection and admission criteria, with socioeconomic status appearing to be transversal to and/or aggravate the influence of most of these other factors (except gender). Disadvantaged students who manage to surmount all the different obstacles and reach higher education belong to a group of resilient “academic survivors”. Based on the findings of this study, several areas of intervention are proposed.
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Head, Brian W. "Improving Social Well-Being and Social Equity." In Wicked Problems in Public Policy, 107–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94580-0_6.
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AbstractProtecting and enhancing the well-being of citizens is a central goal of modern governments. The specific social programs adopted in various countries reflect their local political and economic contexts. The range of problems considered is very extensive—such as public health services, education and training, social support services, crime and corrections and issues concerned with discrimination in relation to age, gender, ethnicity and religion. The core pillars of social policy—especially income support, health, education, social services and civil rights—broadly constitute the modern ‘welfare state’. All the social reforms were controversial when first proposed in earlier times. As public expectations gradually increased, so political ambitions correspondingly shifted. In most democracies, the problem of deep and enduring poverty, along with gender-based discrimination, came to be seen as unacceptable features of advanced societies. But many programs have remained controversial. Thus, the key dimensions of wicked problems—complexity, disagreement and uncertainty—have permeated social policy debates. The chapter includes a brief discussion of two case studies of wicked problems in action—policies to tackle homelessness and policies regulating drug use.
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Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene, and Stig Enemark. "Land governance and gender in support of the global agenda 2030." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 35–50. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0004.
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Abstract Land governance plays a key role in this regard in terms of setting the policies and the legal and institutional framework for managing the rights, restrictions and responsibilities in land facing the challenges of sustainable use of land and other natural resources. Gender issues are at the core of some of those policies (including legal principles and institutional frameworks) which are regulated under land governance. For instance, ensuring gender equity for land and property rights is a key principle\ in the governance of land. This chapter looks at the role land governance and gender play in support of the Global Agenda 2030. The chapter begins by introducing land governance and gender. This is followed by their relationships and connections with the SDGs. Then their roles and challenges encountered in their roles.
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Bowles, Hannah Riley, Milton Kotelchuck, and Marc Grau Grau. "Reducing Barriers to Engaged Fatherhood: Three Principles for Promoting Gender Equity in Parenting." In Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality, 299–325. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75645-1_17.
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AbstractThe purpose of this concluding chapter is to offer scholars, policy makers, and organizational leaders a preliminary framework for diagnosing barriers to engaged fatherhood and for generating policies, programs, and behavioral interventions to promote gender equity in parenting. We start by reviewing the case for engaged fatherhood to support the health and welfare of men and their families and to regain momentum in the stalled revolution toward gender equality. Building from the cross-disciplinary and cross-national collaboration that led to the construction of this edited volume, we propose three working principles for reducing the barriers to engaged fatherhood: (1) create individual, non-transferable parenting resources explicitly for fathers, (2) reduce economic conflicts between breadwinning and caregiving, and (3) build supportive social networks for engaged fatherhood. We explain how these principles apply to social policy, as well as to work and healthcare practices—the three fields of scholarship and practice represented at our original Fatherhood Experts Meeting. We conclude with suggestions for further cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural collaboration to enhance engaged fatherhood.
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Wall, Karin, and Anna Escobedo. "Parental Leave Policies, Gender Equity and Family Well-Being in Europe: A Comparative Perspective." In Social Indicators Research Series, 103–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4354-0_6.
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Kotelchuck, Milton. "The Impact of Fatherhood on Men’s Health and Development." In Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality, 63–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75645-1_4.
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AbstractFatherhood has a direct and substantial impact on men’s physical, mental and social health, and sense of paternal generativity over their life course. This chapter, the second of a pair in this volume, explores the bidirectional impact of fatherhood on men’s health in the perinatal period. It pulls together a scattered fatherhood literature and articulates six broad pathways by which fatherhood could potentially impact on men’s health and development, both positively and negatively. This systematic exploration represents a new focus for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) field, especially in addressing the perinatal time period, a time not usually thought of as impacting on men’s health. This chapter attempts to establish a firmer scientific knowledge base and rationale to support new, targeted perinatal fatherhood health programs, policies, and research. Hopefully, these will also further contribute to the growing efforts to expand men’s and women’s parental gender role expectations and equity, and enhance the parenting health and men’s health movements. Similar to the dual orientation of the women’s preconception health initiatives, earlier, healthier, and more actively engaged fatherhood should lead to both improved reproductive and infant health outcomes and men’s own improved health across the life course.
Conference papers on the topic "Gender equity policies"
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Maldonado Reynoso, Norma Patricia. "EDUCATIONAL POLICIES WITH GENDER EQUITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY. CASE STUDY: MEXICO 2012-2018." In 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2018.2225.
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Ibrahim, Marzia, and Anusha Sharma. "The National Coalition on the Education Emergency - Building Macro-Resilience in Response to the Pandemic." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.7438.
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The pandemic has caused the near collapse of the already weak Indian public education system. Prolonged school closures along with caste, gender, and economic marginalisation are forcing children to endure malnutrition, physical and mental health challenges, child labour, and early marriages, in addition to learning deprivation. The system’s response has not reached the grassroots. NGOs across the country provide services at the ground level, but national-level coordination is insufficient. This paper studies the National Coalition on the Education Emergency (NCEE), established by individuals and groups from across India, as a case of building macro-resilience, emphasising principles of equity, universal access, humane education, decentralised decision-making, and public investment. Through a critical examination of the work done by the NCEE on curating curricular resources (OERs), conducting and compiling research studies, developing policy tracking tools, networking with partners and collaborators, creating larger awareness, social mobilisation, advocacy and interacting with governments to inform their programs and policies, the paper will discuss challenges in the Indian education system and the attempts to address them within a federal state structure. It looks at why an integrated nationwide response to the crisis is necessary.
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Rhodes, Jo. "Can E- Commerce Enable Marketing in an African Rural Women's Community Based Development Organisation?" In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2379.
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The World Bank Development Report (2000) findings show that at the macro level the most effective anti poverty policies are those that achieve equity through redistribution whilst simultaneously enhancing the efficiency of the markets used by poor people. It also found that even if markets work, poor people need assistance to overcome the obstacles that prevent them from freely accessing markets on an equal basis with other business groups. Investment in infrastructure and modern technologies such as ITC’s may break down some of the barriers of access such as physical remoteness and are cited by the World Bank as a potential solution to creating market access. However there is little existing research that examines this scenario at the micro level. This paper uses a case study- the Rural Women's Association (RWA) of Sekhuhkuneland, Northern Province, South Africa to examine if E- commerce can enable access to markets in a impoverished, under resourced rural location. This paper has 5 parts: Part 1 consists of the background and rationale for this study, Part 2 focuses on the education, business acumen and gender issues. Part 3 discusses the current market environment. Part 4 discusses possible business models that can integrate e-commerce in its implementation. Part 5 provides the research questions and the methodology for this study. The final discussion in this study provides us with a viable e- commerce model that could be used in a rural setting and could provide greater economic development for this community.
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Araneda Guirriman, Carmen, Margarita Ercilia Aravena Gaete, and Diana Flores Noya. "PUBLIC POLICIES ADVANCE TOWARDS GENDER EQUALITY." In 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.2198.
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Martinská, Mária. "Vodca – líder z aspektu rodových štúdií." In Nové trendy profesijnej prípravy v Ozbrojených silách. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/ntpp.b.2022.9788080406301.150-164.
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Equality of opportunities between women and men and gender is of fundamental importance for the development of innovative procedures in modern organizations. The article focuses on the contribution of female personnel in military and police forces and recommends gender-sensitive education in the preparation, recruitment and training of military and police forces.
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Otero-Hermida, Paula, and Hannia Gonzalez-Urango. "BUSINESSES AS SOCIAL PARTNERS IN GENDER POLICIES: ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTORS’ EXPECTATIONS TO CONTRIBUTE TO GENDER EQUALITY." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2020.026.
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"An Examination of the Barriers to Leadership for Faculty of Color at U.S. Universities." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4344.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: The aim and purpose of this study is to understand why there is a dearth of faculty of color ascending to senior levels of leadership in higher education institutions, and to identify strategies to increase the representation of faculty of color in university senior administrative positions. Background: There is a lack of faculty of color in senior level academic administrative position in the United States. Although there is clear evidence that faculty of color have not been promoted to senior level positions at the same rate as their White col-leagues, besides racism there has been little evidence regarding the cause of such disparities. This is becoming an issue of increased importance as the student bodies of most U.S. higher educational institutions are becoming increasingly more inclusive of people of various racial and ethnic backgrounds. Methodology: Qualitative interviews were used. Contribution: This study adds to the research and information made previously available regarding the status of non-White higher educational members in the U.S. by contributing insights from faculty of color who have encountered and are currently encountering forms of discrimination within various institutions. These additions include personal experiences and suggestions regarding the barriers to diversification and implications of the lack of diversity at higher educational institutions. Given the few diverse administrative or executive leaders in service today in higher education, these personal insights provide seldom-heard perspectives for both scholars and practitioners in the field of higher education. Findings: Limited diversity among faculty at higher educational institutions correlates with persistent underrepresentation and difficulty in finding candidates for leadership positions who are diverse, highly experienced, and highly ranked. This lack of diversity among leaders has negative implications like reduced access to mentor-ship, scholarship, and other promotional and networking opportunities for other faculty of color. While it is true that representation of faculty of color at certain U.S. colleges and programs has shown slight improvements in the last decade, nationwide statistics still demonstrate the persistence of this issue. Participants perceived that the White boys club found to some extent in nearly all higher educational institutions, consistently offers greater recognition, attention, and support for those who most resemble the norm and creates an adverse environment for minorities. However, in these findings and interviews, certain solutions for breaking through such barriers are revealed, suggesting progress is possible and gaining momentum at institutions nationwide. Recommendations for Practitioners: To recruit and sustain diverse members of the academic community, institutions should prioritize policies and procedures which allocate a fair share of responsibilities between faculty members and ensure equity in all forms of compensation. In addition, institutional leaders should foster a climate of mutual respect and understanding between members of the educational community to increase confidence of people of color and allow for fresh perspectives and creativity to flourish. Where policies for diversification exist but are not being applied, leaders have the responsibility to enforce and set the example for other members of the organization. Assimilation of diverse members occurs when leaders create an inclusive environment for various cultures and advocate for social and promotional opportunities for all members of the organization. Recommendations for Researchers: Significant research remains on understanding barriers to the preparation of faculty of color for leadership in higher education. While this research has provided first-hand qualitative perspectives from faculties of color, additional quantitative study is necessary to understand what significant differences in underrepresentation exist by race and ethnicity. Further research is also needed on the compound effects of race and gender due to the historic underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. At the institutional and departmental level, the study validates the need to look at both the implicit and explicit enforcement of policies regarding diversity in the workplace. Future Research: Higher education researchers may extend the findings of this study to explore how faculty of color have ascended to specific leadership roles within the academy such as department chair, academic dean, provost, and president.
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Wong, C. F., O. Odejimi, B. M. Conn, J. Davis, J. Ataiants, E. V. Fedorova, M. Suen, S. J. Lee, A. Osornio, and S. E. Lankenau. "Gender by Ethnicity Differences in Trajectory of Cannabis Use Among Cannabis-Using Young Adults during Pre- and Post-Recreational Cannabis Legalization (RCL) in Los Angeles." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.22.
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Introduction: By the end of 2022, most states across the US except for three would have enacted some form of legalized cannabis policy. Support for the legalization of cannabis for recreational purposes are particularly high among young adults. Given the rapidly changing policy landscape, understanding how these policies may have impacted cannabis use among different groups of young people can help inform current and future policy decisions and programs/intervention to curb problematic use. There is evidence to suggest significant and meaningful differences in use behaviors among individuals from different racial/ethnic backgrounds and gender identities. However, limited research has examined how these groups based on the intersection of these identities might differ in their cannabis use prior to and after recreational cannabis legalization (RCL). Method: 366 cannabis-using young adults (aged 18-26) comprising 210 medical cannabis patients and 156 non-patients were surveyed annually between 2014-2020 in Los Angeles culminating into 6 waves of data. Bilinear spline growth curve models examined changes in cannabis use trajectory, with three waves pre-RCL and three waves post-RCL after accounting for patient status and age. Multi-group analyses investigated differences between six genderXrace/ethnicity subgroups: 1) African American Females (AAF); 2) Caucasian/White Females (WF); 3) Hispanic Females/Latina (HF); 4) African American Males (AAM); 5) Caucasian/White Males (WM); and 6) Hispanic Males/Latino (HM). Omnibus tests investigated homogeneity in the latent growth constructs across the 6 groups. We tested equality of covariances (correlations) and means across groups (p < .05). If inequality was shown, further tests were conducted. Results: Overall, significant group differences were observed in cannabis use trajectories and the correlations between intercepts and growth factors. Specifically, HF, HM, AAM and WM reported moderate level of cannabis use (between 50 to 56 days of use) compared to AAF and WF at baseline, whereby AAF reported significantly higher use (70.72 days) relative to all other groups. In contrast, WF reported significantly lower use (35.42 days). There were different patterns in pre-RCL growth parameters. Whereas AAF and HF had relatively flat rate of change, WF, WM, and HM had relatively similar significant decrease in use pre-RCL. Interestingly, during the period post-RCL, AAF, WM, and HM all showed significant decline in use, but WF was the only group with a significant increase in use while HF and AAM had modest increases in use. While baseline use generally predicted pre-RCL use within each subgroup (for some, baseline use led to more rapid increase while for others, it led to more rapid decrease in use), this is less true for post-RCL use. Significant effects associated with age and patient status were also observed. Conclusions: These are among the first findings to show how cannabis policy has differentially impacted cannabis use behaviors prior to and after RCL among a diverse population of cannabis-using young adults. Additional research should investigate potential mechanisms of these difference and longer-term health impacts.
Reports on the topic "Gender equity policies"
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Gage, Anastasia J., and Wamucii Njogu. Gender Inequalities and Demographic Behavior: Ghana/Kenya. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1004.
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Ghana and Kenya were the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa whose governments recognized the potentially detrimental effects of rapid population growth on economic development and, as a result, adopted and implemented national population policies. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice that was prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. Their purpose is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family’s central role in resource allocation and distribution, and effective in achieving broad-based population and development goals.
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Desai, Sonalde. Gender Inequalities and Demographic Behavior: India. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1003.
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As India prepares for the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), it is clear that the country’s population policy faces a number of serious challenges. Although India was the first country to announce an official family planning program in 1952, its population has grown from 361 million in 1951 to 844 million in 1991. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 ICPD. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. The purpose of the reports is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family’s central role in resource allocation and distribution, and effective in achieving broad-based population and development goals.
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Astudillo, Karen, Vicente Fretes Cibils, Carola Pessino, and Darío Rossignolo. Making the Invisible Visible: Applying a Gender Perspective To Strengthen Tax Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004350.
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Latin American and Caribbean countries have made efforts to ensure that fiscal policies do not cause biases toward women. However, depending on where the tax burden falls, taxes do create gender biases. This technical note has two purposes. First, it provides evidence of how womens economic participation, care responsibilities, and consumption patterns enter into a countrys tax systems, generating invisible biases. Second, it summarizes the main lessons learned through cross-country comparisons that analyze the impact of direct and indirect taxes on gender equality, the progressivity of the tax systems using both income and expenditure as welfare measures, and the impact of tax systems and tax reforms on households depending on their composition and across the income distribution. The note also provides policy recommendations and good practices that will add to the regions efforts to strengthen fiscal policy taking a gender perspective into account. There is no unique approach to achieving gender equity only through gender-sensitive fiscal policies; rather, the path to change will likely be highly dependent on the balance struck between differing political and economic factors and interests. However, should Latin American and the Caribbean countries take on this challenge, not only could they generate more revenue in the future, but the changes should contribute to sustained and inclusive growth, with greater gender equality.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Gender and Tax: Programming and Evidence. Institute of Development Studies, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.040.
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Generally, policymakers and tax analysts (as well as donors concerned about gender equity) have not made proper consideration about how tax policies and tax reforms can interact with gendered cultural norms in developing countries. However, there are worries that tax systems are biased against women and that recent tax reforms may increase the incidence of taxes on women and other underprivileged groups – while, at the same time, failing to garner sufficient tax revenue to fund social programmes necessary to enhance their lives. Since women in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to poverty, a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of tax systems (e.g., existing tax laws, tax administrations and new tax reforms) is needed to understand how they are uniquely affected. Gender-responsive tax programming by donors (and developing-country governments) requires dedication to assess the gender impact of tax policy and tax administration – i.e., who benefits and who is losing from existing tax arrangements or proposed reforms. Although there is growing evidence in the academic literature about the gender dimension of tax, there is still very limited programming by donors on tax policy and tax administration with an explicit focus on gender. Similarly, rarely do donor-funded programmes targeting gendered inequities and empowerment of women incorporate a clear tax agenda. However, there is some evidence that this trend is changing. Some recent regional and country programmes on DRM (e.g., on tax administration, tax policy, tax research, etc.), as well as business and investment climate improvement programmes, are incorporating explicit gender targets into their tax programme components. Some of these regional and country programmes are briefly discussed in the review (with more information on these provided in Sections 4 and 5).
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Terrón-Caro, María Teresa, Rocio Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Fabiola Ortega-de-Mora, Kassia Aleksic, Sofia Bergano, Patience Biligha, Tiziana Chiappelli, et al. Policy Recommendations ebook. Migrations, Gender and Inclusion from an International Perspective. Voices of Immigrant Women, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/rio.20220727_1.
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This publication is the third product of the Erasmus + Project entitled Voices of Immigrant Women (Project Number: 2020-1-ES01-KA203-082364). This product is based on a set of policy recommendations that provides practical guidance on intervention proposals to those with political responsibilities in governance on migration management and policies for integration and social inclusion, as well as to policy makers in the governance of training in Higher Education (University) at all levels. This is intended to promote the development of practical strategies that allow overcoming the obstacles encountered by migrant women during the integration process, favoring the construction of institutions, administrations and, ultimately, more inclusive societies. The content presented in this book proposes recommendations and intervention proposals oriented to practice to: - Improve Higher Education study plans by promoting the training of students as future active protagonists who are aware of social interventions. This will promote equity, diversity and the integration of migrant women. - Strengthen cooperation and creation of networks between academic organizations, the third sector and public administrations that are responsible for promoting the integration and inclusion of migrant women. - Promote dialogue and the exchange of knowledge to, firstly, raise awareness of human mobility and gender in Europe and, secondly, promote the participation and social, labor and civic integration of the migrant population. All this is developed through 4 areas in which this book is articulated. The first area entitled "Migrant women needs and successful integration interventions"; the second area entitled "Promoting University students awareness and civic and social responsibility towards migrant women integration"; the third area entitled "Cooperation between Higher Education institutions and third sector"; the fourth and last area, entitled "Inclusive Higher Education".
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Quak, Evert-jan, and Berni Smith. Gender and Tax: Gender Equality Meets Economic Growth. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.028.
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Women’s equal participation in an economy means they pay and benefit from fair taxes. Given that gender issues affect every aspect of tax systems, policies and administrations must identify and challenge bias against women. Governments in lowand middle-income countries need support to reform tax policies and restructure tax administrations; not only to tackle gender issues in tax systems, but to use the those systems to promote gender equality.
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Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, and Gerhard Naegele. Exclusion and inequality in late working life in the political context of the EU. Linköping University Electronic Press, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179293215.
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European societies need to increase the participation in work over the life course to support the provision of qualified labour and to meet the challenges for social security systems under the condition of their ageing populations. One of the key ambitions is to extend people’s working lives and to postpone labour market exit and retirement where possible. This requires informed policies, and the research programme EIWO – ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe’ – aims to push the boundaries of knowledge about late working life and the potential of its inclusive and equal prolongation via a theoretically driven, gender-sensitive combination of multi-level perspectives. EIWO takes a life course approach on exclusion and inequality by security of tenure, quality of work, workplaces, and their consequences. It identifies life course policies, promoting lifelong learning processes and flexible adaptation to prolong working lives and to avoid increased exclusion and inequality. Moreover, it provides evidence for policies to ensure both individual, company and societal benefits from longer lives. To do so, EIWO orientates its analyses systematically to the macro-political contexts at the European Union level and to the policy goals expressed in the respective official statements, reports and plans. This report systematizes this ambitious approach. Relevant documents such as reports, green books and other publications of the European Commission (EC), the European Parliament (EP), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as those of social partners and research institutions, have been systematically scanned and evaluated. In addition, relevant decisions of European summits have been considered. The selection of documents claims completeness regarding relevant and generally available publication, while relevance is defined from the point of view of EIWO’s interests. It is the aim of this report to provide a sound knowledge base for EIWO’s analyses and impact strategies and to contribute to the emerging research on the connection between population ageing and the European policies towards productivity, inclusiveness, equity, resilience and sustainability. This report aims to answer the following questions: How are EIWO’s conceptual classification and programme objectives reflected in the European Union’s policy programming? How can EIWO’s analyses and impact benefit from a reference to current EU policy considerations, and how does this focus support the outline of policy options and the formulating of possible proposals to Swedish and European stakeholders? The present report was written during early 2022; analyses were finalized in February 2022 and represent the status until this date.
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Wroblewski, Angela, Bente Knoll, Barbara Pichler, Elisabeth Reitinger, Birgit Hofleitner, Barbara Egger, Victoria Englmaier, Peter Koller, and Arn Sauer. Chancen feministischer Evaluation. Methodische Herausforderungen bei der Evaluation von Gender Mainstreaming und Gleichstellungspolitiken. Working Paper 119. Edited by Angela Wroblewski. IHS - Institute for Advanced Studies, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2018.502.
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Studies in the context of gender mainstreaming, gender equality policy or feminist issues often face specific challenges in connection with the empirical approach. The Gender Mainstreaming Working Group (AK GM) of the German Evaluation Society (DeGEval) focused on the choice of adequate methods and research designs for the evaluation of gender mainstreaming measures, gender equality policies and feminist evaluation at its spring conference 2017, which took place at the IHS on 11 May 2017 and is documented in this volume.
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David, Raluca. Advancing gender equality and closing the gender digital gap: Three principles to support behavioural change policy and intervention. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/02.
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Worldwide, interventions and policies to improve gender equality or close gender gaps often struggle to reach their targets. For example, women lag considerably behind in use of even simple digital technologies such as mobile phones or the internet. In 2020, the gap in mobile internet use in low- and middle-income countries was at 15%, while in South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries, it remained as high as 36% and 37% respectively (GSMA, 2021). Use of the internet for more complex activities shows an even wider gap. In Cairo, in 2018, only 21% of female internet users gained economically, and only 7% were able to voice their opinions online (with similar statistics for India, Indonesia, Kenya, Uganda and Colombia, Sambuli et al., 2018). This is despite the fact that empowering women through digital technologies is central to global gender equality strategies (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, 2015), and is believed to facilitate economic growth and industry-level transformation (International Monetary Fund, 2020). Progress is slow because behaviours are gendered: there are stark dissociations between what women and men do – or are expected to do. These dissociations are deeply entrenched by social norms, to the extent that interventions to change them face resistance or can even backfire. Increasingly, governments are using behavioural change interventions in a bid to improve public policy outcomes, while development or gender organisations are using behavioural change programmes to shift gender norms. However, very little is known about how gendered social norms impact the digital divide, or how to use behavioural interventions to shift these norms. Drawing on several research papers that look at the gender digital gap, this brief examines why behavioural change is difficult, and how it could be implemented more effectively. This brief is addressed to policymakers, programme co-ordinators in development organisations, and strategy planners in gender equality interventions who are interested in ways to accelerate progress on gender equality, and close the gender digital gap. The brief offers a set of principles on which to base interventions, programmes and strategies to change gendered behaviours. The principles in this brief were developed as part of a programme of research into ways to close the gender digital gap.
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Paternina Blanco, Joshua, Elisabeth Windisch, Stephen Perkins, Asuka Ito, and Jonathan Leape. Open configuration options Decarbonising Transport in Latin American Cities: A Review of Policies and Key Challenges. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003987.
Full textAbstract:
This report is the first output of the Decarbonising Transport in Latin American Cities project (DTLA), developed jointly by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the International Transport Forum (ITF-OECD). As a result of this initiative, this first report describes a review of policies and key mobility challenges to deliver on a sustainable transport system. A second report provides a quantitative assessment tool that allows assessing the impact of transport CO2 reduction actions and respective scenarios to 2050. Both reports facilitate policy dialogue across all relevant stakeholders and supports peer learning and best practice exchange between the case study cities and beyond. Moreover, the reports bring out the need for rethinking decarbonization policies to consider their potential for achieving other benefits related with improving the quality of the transport services, closing gender equality gaps, and improving financial sustainability of current business models.