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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gender equity policies'
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Kawana, Sanae. "Gender equity policies in higher education in Japan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43464/1/Sanae_Kawana_Thesis.pdf.
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In a similar fashion to many western countries, the political context of Japan has been transformed since the 1975 UN World Conference on Women, which eventually led to the establishment of the Basic Law for a Gender-equal Society in Japan in 1999. The Basic Law sets out a series of general guidelines across every field of society, including education. This trajectory policy research study targets gender issues in Japanese higher education and follows the development of the Basic Law and, in particular, how it has been interpreted by bureaucrats and implemented within the field of higher education. This feminist policy research study examines Japanese power relationships within the field of gender and identifies gender discourses embedded within Japanese gender equity policy documents. The study documents the experiences of, and strategies used by, Japanese feminists in relation to gender equity policies in education. Drawing on critical feminist theory and feminist critical discourse theory, the study explores the relationship between gender discourses and social practices and analyses how unequal gender relations have been sustained through the implementation of Japanese gender equity policy. Feminist critical policy analysis and feminist critical discourse analysis have been used to examine data collected through interviews with key players, including policy makers and policy administrators from the national government and higher education institutions offering teacher education courses. The study also scrutinises the minutes of government meetings, and other relevant policy documents. The study highlights the struggles between policy makers in the government and bureaucracy, and feminist educators working for change. Following an anti-feminist backlash, feminist discourses in the original policy documents were weakened or marginalised in revisions, ultimately weakening the impact of the Basic Law in the higher education institutions. The following four key findings are presented within the research: 1) tracking of the original feminist teachers’ movement that existed just prior to the development of the Basic Law in 1999; 2) the formation of the Basic Law, and how the policy resulted in a weakening of the main tenets of women’s policy from a feminist perspective; 3) the problematic manner in which the Basic Law was interpreted at the bureaucratic level; and 4) the limited impact of the Basic Law on higher education and the strategies and struggles of feminist scholars in reaction to this law.
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Sultan, Tipu. "Gender Equality a case study of Sweden : Gender Equality Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5726.
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The paper analyses Gender Equality, Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal as a case study of Sweden. The aim of paper is see the gender equality, gender equity, discrimination against women at workplace and to describe the policies combating inequality in the welfare state of Sweden. This work highlights the gender equality in terms of institutionalizing gender equality, gender equity, gender and pay gap, parental leave, gender and the pension system and sexual behavior directed towards women and policies combating inequality to bring equality in society. For my research I used the secondary data the fact sheets, scientific literature, statistics from eurostate of Sweden and case studies about Swedish society and the theoretical explanation to explain the phenomena. To achieve my aim I used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. I showed the empirical evidences of these phenomena from the Swedish society and theoretical analysis about equality and equity of gender in different wakes of life. I found an interesting conclusion that there are good policies and legislation to combat inequality to bring society but there are no policies to change the perception of society about male and female role.
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Wafeq, Nabila. "Shifting Perspectives: Changing Policies Promoting Women’s Empowerment in Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20503.
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THESIS ABSTRACT
In this thesis, I attempt to identify major obstacles that are challenging the implementation of international human rights treaties in Afghanistan. With a focus on the treaties that promote women’s rights and prevent violence against women in a post-conflict situation. There are several obstacles including lack of rule of law and the existence of customary practices in Afghanistan. Despite these challenges, there are national legislations and policies that promote women’s rights and empowerment in Afghanistan. However, for women’s empowerment, it is not sufficient to have supportive laws and policies, but there is need for a systematic transformation of patriarchal structures by conducting a thorough gender analysis and ensuring gender mainstreaming. The Afghan government, as part of its commitment to the international community, has to take measures for removing obstacles and ensuring the implementation of human rights treaties in order to pave the way for women’s empowerment in Afghanistan.
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Duot, Kulang Mayen Kulang. "Assessing the implementation of gender equity policies in education in Bor County, South Sudan." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015134.
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Education is a fundamental human right, a vital resource in overcoming poverty and inequality globally. All children have the right to quality basic education, the bedrock for a productive life. But key to this success is ensuring that girls, as well as boys, have full, equal access to a good quality education system, which gives them knowledge and skills (Fast-tracking, 2011:2). This research study explores the main challenges in the implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County in South Sudan. An exploratory research design was applied to explain to what extent policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County, has been achieved and implemented. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were applied through questionnaire administration and focus group discussion interviews. Of the sampled respondents about ninety percent (90%) of the respondents were males, while only ten percent (10%) were females, seventy-three percent (73%) were in the middle aged group of 26-45 years. Forty-six percent (46%) had secondary level of education, while about fifty-four (54%) had a tertiary level education. About eighty-four percent (84%) of the respondents reported the existence of policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County. Ninety-eight percent, (98%) of the respondents were of the perceptions that it was critically important that policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County be effectively implemented. About seventy-four percent (74%) of them reported that the institutions responsible for formulating or contributing to policy making include among others: the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology National government and Jonglei State Ministry of Education, National and State Parliaments, Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare, Jonglei state and South Sudan transitional Constitutions, with the support from United Nations agencies such as World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF, IOM and UNMIISS, also other NGOs for example, Hold the Child, CRS, Save the Children Sweden, JAM and fifty-six percent (56%) reported that these policies did not address the gender equity in education system in Bor County. Respondents pointed to some of the challenges related to implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County. These challenges entail: lack of financial support to implement gender policies in education, rigid communal traditions and customs, long distance of schools from homes which impact on girls accessing education, illiteracy among the communities which makes them resist enrolling girls in schools, early and forced marriages by the parents, lack of clear gender equity policies in the state Ministry of Education in Jonglei state and Bor County Department of Education, parents who regard their daughters as sources of wealth through marriages, lack of commitment and dedication from the concerned authorities on the implementation of gender policies in education and lack of sensitisation of the community on gender policies in education by the County department of education. The study findings also suggest lack of monitoring and evaluation during the implementation of gender policies in education. Further to this, domestic chores by the girl child as well as poor road network to facilitate movement from one point to another to sensitise people on gender policies in education impede efforts to implement gender equity policies in education. Furthermore some parents regarded schools as places for unlimited freedom for girls. The findings of this study indicated that policies on gender equity in education system in Bor County were formulated and not implemented. The stakeholders in implementing these policies were experiencing challenges that hampered their individual initiative to implement the policies. This was as a result of many factors that have affected the efforts and the roles of stakeholders involving in the implementation of gender equity policies in education in Bor County in South Sudan.
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Baker, Marzena. "Gender equality in project-based organisations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205245/1/Marzena_Baker_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a mixed methods research study that focuses on the evaluation of gender equality in the project-based organisations. It aimed to explore how gender equality initiatives affect representation of women at various levels of organisations and to understand the impact of women’s representation on organisational outcomes. It also aimed to explore the issues of selection and implementation of HR initiatives designed to address equality and diversity. This research extends our knowledge of the effectiveness of gender equality initiatives on women’s representation and the organisational practices in the selection and implementation of formal HR initiatives designed to address it.
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Nyirongo, Richard Walibwe. "School participants' perceptions of gender equity issues in school policies and practices : an ethnographic case study of a public secondary school in Malawi /." View abstract, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3191710.
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Semedo, Elisângela Manuela Ramos. "A formulação de políticas públicas para a igualdade e equidade de género em Cabo Verde e as orientações da NEPAD." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14664.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Política SocialA promoção da igualdade e da equidade de género tem sido reconhecida como um dos eixos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de sociedades mais justas e simultaneamente mais democráticas. Além do mais é um objetivo acordado internacionalmente como pré-condição para que qualquer país ou região possa alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Sendo esse um tema que consideramos de fundamental importância, quer do ponto de vista social, quer do ponto de vista científico. Assim, e após alguma reflexão prévia, optou-se por tomar para argumento desta dissertação o II Plano Nacional para a Igualdade e Equidade de Género (PNIEG) implementado em Cabo Verde (2005-2009). A ambição deste estudo foi o de procurar compreender a medida da articulação deste Plano, com as recomendações da Nova Parceria para o Desenvolvimento de África (NEPAD) enquanto instrumento de Política Pública de âmbito regional, no que concerne à integração das questões de género. É missão da NEPAD coordenar e implementar programas e projetos em áreas consideradas prioritárias para o desenvolvimento da região africana. Desta forma importa, consideramos, estudar o modo como as orientações da NEPAD acabam por ser na prática integradas e adequadas pelos vários países do continente africano que as adotam, nomeadamente por Cabo Verde.
The promotion of gender equality and equity has been recognized as one of the fundamental axes for the development of more just and at the same time more democratic societies. Moreover, it is an internationally agreed goal as a precondition for any country or region to achieve sustainable development. This is a subject that we consider to be of fundamental importance, both from the social point of view and from the scientific point of view. Thus, and after some previous reflection, it was decided to take as an argument of this dissertation the II National Plan for Gender Equality and Equity (PNIEG, 2005-2009) implemented in Cape Verde. The ambition of this study is to try to understand the extent of articulation of this Plan, with the recommendations of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) as a regional public policy instrument, regarding the integration of gender issues. It is NEPAD's mission to coordinate and implement programs and projects in priority areas for the development of the African region. In this way it is important to consider how the NEPAD guidelines end up being in practice integrated and adapted by the various countries of the African continent that adopt them, namely Cape Verde.
N/A
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Gerwel, Heinrich John. "The effects of labour policies in the Piedmont Region of Italy on equity in the labour market: reflections on women in Labour." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2122.
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Magister Economicae - MEconThe study concentrates on a particular type of state intervention in social policy. It considers whether policy reforms and subsequent provision of information with regards to the issue of parental leave and part-time work arrangements, makes an impact on gender equity in the labour market (Del Boca, 2002; Naldini & Saraceno, 2008). Giddens' theory of structuration is the conceptual framework from which this study approaches these questions. It is thus held that agents (in this instance, women) are constrained by structures (labour policy framework and institutionalised labour practices) to achieve specific social goals. And further: that the apparent lack of power on the part of agents requires intervention on the part of the state apparatus to correct the failure (or inability) of the labour market to deliver the social justice as aspired to in the cited European Employment Strategy, as well as fostering economic efficiency (Barr, 1992). I further contend that not only are agents constrained by structural properties, but that institutional reform (in the form of labour policy reform) is constrained by the human action1 of the management of firms and enterprises as economic agents within the policy framework.
South Africa
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Erlandsson, Pontus, and Gustaf Joelsson. "Managing Swedish Gender Equality Policies in Shanghai : A study on how Swedish based corporations, established in Shanghai, manage Swedish gender equality policies cross-culturally." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21698.
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Despite policy efforts by the Chinese state to eradicate gender inequality, statistics show that the issue of gender discrimination in the work domain has become increasingly acute in modern day China. The prevailing gender inequality derives from China’s deeply rooted masculine oriented cultural and societal structure, and traditional norms and values towards women in the work domain are fighting the policies against gender inequality that the Chinese state has implemented. Studies show that foreign affiliations have the ability to transplant corporate culture internationally, which also infers a transplantation of certain policies. One of the many western countries that have seen its corporations establish offices in China is Sweden - a country which puts a lot of focus and emphasis on promoting gender equality. Chinese and Swedish cultural and societal structure differs a lot, and so does the focus on gender equality. The theory suggests that gender equality is highly prioritized in Sweden, while it is less prioritized in China. This constitutes an interesting phenomena regarding how managers at Swedish based corporations, established in Shanghai, manage Swedish gender equality policies cross-culturally. The purpose of this study is to describe and explore how Swedish based corporations that are established in Shanghai, China, manage gender equality policies cross-culturally. In order to answer our research question, we performed four face to face semi-structured interviews together with four suitable Swedish based corporations at their offices in Shanghai. The results from this study concluded that the Swedish based corporations transfer the vast majority of their policy framework to their offices in Shanghai, particularly gender equality policies. The gender equality policies were often included in the corporations Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) framework. The study could conclude that even though no adaption was done to the policy documents per se, the Swedish corporations did adapt modestly to how they manage the policies in practice in Shanghai. This followed as a consequence of a wish to respectfully adapt to Chinese legal and cultural prerequisites. Due to China's legal prerequisites, some policies, such as parental leave, could not be fully implemented at the Shanghai offices. In other words, in those instances, the policy documents were trumped by legal employment regulations. Cultural prerequisites affected how the managers in the shanghai offices dealt with the policy documents in practice. Our study could found that policy management was closely connected to the corporate culture in the Shanghai offices. Our study could thus conclude that the Swedish based corporations adapt the policy management in practice to the meet Chinese culture, without compromising the Swedish corporate culture and values.Oberoende av de satsningar som den kinesiska staten har infört för att utrota ojämlikhet mellan män och kvinnor visar statistik att könsdiskriminering inom kinas företagsvärld ökar. Den rådandeojämlikheten härstammar från Kinas maskulint orienterade samhälle, och traditionella normer och värderingar motarbetar de jämställdhetsfrämjande policyer som den kinesiska staten har implementerat. Studier visar att globala företag har möjlighet att överföra och etableraföretagskulturen internationellt, vilket även innefattar specifika policyer. Ett land vars företag har etablerat många företagskontor i Kina är Sverige: ett land som har ett högt fokus på att främjajämställdhet. Den kinesiska kulturen och dess samhällsstruktur skiljer sig avsevärt från den svenska, vilket även inkluderar att arbetet för jämställdhet skiljer sig mycket mellan de två länderna. Teorin förklarar att jämställdhet är högt prioriterat i Sverige, medan den är mindre prioriterad i Kina. Avvikelsen mellan länderna leder till ett spännande forskningsfenomen, nämligen kring hur de svenska företag som är etablerade i Shanghai hanterar jämställdhetspolicyer interkulturellt. Syftet med vår studie är att beskriva och utforska hur svenska företag som är etablerade i Shanghaihanterar jämställdhetspolicyer interkulturellt. För att besvara vår forskningsfråga har vi genomfört fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fyra lämpligt utvalda svenska företag på deras kontor i Shanghai. Resultatet av vår studie visar att de svenska företagen överför majoriteten av sina policyer till kontoren i Shanghai, framförallt de policyerna som är relaterade till jämställdhet. Dessa jämställdhetspolicyer är oftast inkluderade i företagens ramverk för Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR, företagets samhällsansvar). Studien kan dra slutsatsen att svenska företag inte anpassar innehållet och betydelsen av sina jämställdhetspolicyer, men att de anpassar och förändrar hur de hanterar och arbetar med dem på kontoren i Shanghai. Anledningen till anpassningen är att de svenska företagen vill bemöta kinas kulturella och legala förutsättningar. Till följd av Kinas legala förutsättningar kan inte alla policyer etableras likadant i Shanghai som i Sverige; exempelvis vad gäller föräldraledighet. Sådana policyer övervins av de lokala legala bestämmelserna. De kulturella skillnaderna påverkar hur chefer på de kinesiska kontoren hanterar policyerna i praktiken. Studien visar att policyhantering är nära relaterat till företagskultur, och att det är genom företagskulturen som policyerna hanteras i praktiken. Således visar studien att de svenska företag som deltog i vår forskning anpassar hur de hanterar jämställdhetspolicyer i praktiken för att bemöta den kinesiskakulturen, utan att kompromissa den svenska företagskulturen och dess värderingar.
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Böhlen, Marc-André, and Thierry Hirschi. "Chocolate, Cheese and Gender Equality? : How Switzerland’s national culture influences the implementation of gender equality policies in companies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74875.
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Gender equality is one of the most topical issues of all. Many researchers around the world are addressing the issue of equal opportunities in the labour market and are looking for ways to ensure this in all sectors of the economy. This paper addresses this issue and aims to gain a deep understanding of the influence of a national culture on the implementation of gender equality policies within companies. With the help of a qualitative research method, the various factors of culture were examined and their relationship to the gender-specific understanding of a society analysed. The findings show the effects on companies operating in Switzerland and combine the experience of case companies with the literature already available. In order to test and further explore this combination, the authors of the thesis opted for an abductive research approach to repeatedly expand understanding with new literature and develop a more relevant comprehension of the influence of culture. The entire literature research finally created a framework that shows the links between the various theories and provides a clear overview of the background. With the help of selected case companies, important insights could be gained and with this empirical data, a detailed analysis for a better understanding of the influence of cultures on the implementation of gender equality policies could be achieved. These findings, combined with the existing theory and theoretical synthesis, provide a clear analysis and finally provide the reader with an insight into the implications, recommendations and limitations as well as suggestions for further research. Culture has a major influence on the implementation of gender equality policies. This paper shows how the various companies in Switzerland approach this influence and how Swedish companies with business operations in Switzerland in particular are pushing ahead with the implementation of policies for equality between women and men. This can give companies in Switzerland an indication of how they have to deal with cultural conditions within a country and how they can make optimum use of these for their human resource management.
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Ulicki, Theresa. "Gender equity and organisational change in the South African Police Service." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429886.
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Ben-Galim, Dalia. "Equality and diversity : the gender dimensions of work-life balance policies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d078b9c7-ceab-454c-a1b6-09ebe88fb725.
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This thesis analyses the gender dimensions of work-life balance policies in the UK. It focuses on three related questions: firstly, to what extent are work-life balance policies framed by 'diversity'; secondly, how does this impact on the conceptualisation and implementation of work-life balance policies (in government and in organisations); and thirdly, what are the implications for gender equality? Through analysing published research, the UK Government's work-life balance agenda and data generated from three selected case study organisations, the prominent dimensions of diversity that shape the conceptualisation and implementation of work-life balance policies are presented. This thesis argues that the concept of diversity - as defined by the feminist literature - offers the potential to progress gender equality through overcoming the same-difference dichotomy, and by recognising multiple aspects of identity. However, this theoretical potential is not necessarily reflected in practice. With the emphasis on the individual worker and choice, diversity has been primarily defined as 'managing diversity', and has a significant affect on how work-life balance policies have been applied in both government policy and organisational practice. The UK Government states that work-life balance policies are meant to provide everyone with opportunities to balance work with other aspects of life. The current policy framework targets parents and in particular mothers, potentially limiting the choices that men and women have to 'work' and 'care'. Locating work-life balance policies within the context of 'managing diversity' supports and facilitates women's employment, but does not necessarily challenge fundamental gender disparities such as occupational segregation and gender pay gaps. Analysis of the UK Government's current agenda and organisational case studies show that despite progressive equality, diversity and worklife balance agendas, work-life balance policies are limited in challenging persistent structural gender inequalities.
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Archibong, Uduak E., and Kingsley U. Utam. "Affirmative action measures and gender equality: review of evidence, policies, and practices." Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17967.
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YesThe central aim of this chapter is to describe the policy and practice of affirmative action measures. It synthesizes findings from published studies and highlights the rationale, drivers, benefits, beneficiaries, effectiveness, and impacts of affirmative action policies and practices in different countries. The chapter will discuss the possible lessons from these studies and highlight the link between affirmative action policies and practices and contributions to achieving target 5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 12 May 2022.
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Beck, Rosalind D. "Integration or exclusion? : perceptions of gender equality in policing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250392.
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Gender equality has been a marginalised topic within policing studies, with a very small pool of academics conducting work on this subject in recent years. This thesis aims to make a contribution to this at both a theoretical and empirical level. This is done by refining and extending theoretical models proposed by previous researchers, in the light of new data on policewomen's and their male colleagues' perceptions of gender equality in policing. Key theories, themes and findings in the thesis relate to organisational change, power and social control, masculinities and exclusion. Some of these concepts have not previously been systematically applied to policewomen's experiences. Other themes which have been applied to women in organisations more generally and on occasion, specifically to women in policing, include: stereotyping, visibility, isolation, sisterhood, double standards, the work-home balance and sexual harassment. These concepts are analysed, reflected in the findings, and extended in the concluding chapters. Previously, where empirical studies have been conducted, these have rarely, if ever, been the subject of follow-up studies using either the same research instruments or the same police service. Such follow-ups are an important method of measuring change over time. This study is thus partly a follow-up study of Jones' (1986) survey of one police service in England and Wales and also, that of Brown's (1991) and Anderson, Brown and Campbell's (1993) studies. Methods employed include a questionnaire survey, interviews and a focus group, using the same police force as Jones (1986), and many of the same questions. Anderson et al's (1993) questionnaire is also drawn upon, with amendments and additions. The study thus synthesises the methods used in two pivotal empirical studies (Jones, 1986; Anderson et al, 1993) on gender equality in the UK in the last two decades, as well as using grounded theory methods to explore emerging priorities in this area. As well as following up earlier work, therefore, the study sets a new baseline for further work. Whilst I found evidence of some improvement in women officers' position since the studies by Jones (1986) and Anderson et al (1993), women are still a marginalised group within policing and experience a range of discriminatory behaviour, some of which may have become more covert in recent years, but some of which is still quite openly expressed and tolerated.
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Bette, Miriam. "Gender Equality Policies: Results for Social Change? : A comparative discourse analysis on gender equality from two ends of the “aid chain”." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö universitetsbibliotek, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44797.
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The field of international development cooperation has experienced an increasing demand for result-driven management over the last decades. However, a clear consensus of the meaning of ‘ results’ is often lacking in initiatives and projects for social change. As the field functions throughout myriads of contexts and cultures, the demand of results therefore brings upon issues of definitions and discourse, as well as underlying values. The goals and strategies set out to achieve certain results are influenced by assumptions that define the problem definition of the targeted issue. A hierarchy in international development, the so-called aid chain, is determined by who provides funding for cooperation projects. The flow of top-down funding is shown to be accompanied by a flow of top-down policies, that are further accompanied by underlying values, problem definitions, and assumptions. This study inquires whether different notions, assumptions, and problem definitions on gender equality across cultures in the aid chain might disturb result-reporting in international projects. Departing from a postcolonial perspective, the content and discourse of the Swedish feminist foreign policy and steering documents from an Indigenous women’s organization in Guatemala are analysed and compared. Seeing policies and policy-making as a significant communicative tool and practice in the field, this study shows how results, goals, strategies, problem definition and assumptions correlate to each other in result-reporting in international development cooperation projects.
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Jonsson, Daniela, and Josephine Larsson. "The management of governmental policies for a gender-equal society of power distribution. : The case of the Swedish Police Authority." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48699.
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The Swedish police authority is an extended arm of the Swedish government. The government implements governmental policies for its authorities, aiming at sustaining and improving the safety and wellbeing of society. In Sweden, one of the main policy safeguards is gender equality, which has been the focus of this study. It builds upon a well-established regulatory system for the representation of women in leading positions and argues for the benefits associated with tackling certain equality challenges. Up until now, most of the scholarly contributions on organization management, in relation to governmental policy, have dealt with leadership power and its efficiency, rather than equality. This study showed that the contemporary application of governmental policy has an impact on organizational culture. Through policy, gender equality could be increased as it encompasses potential benefits associated with leadership and power distribution. The study showed that this is also the case for the police authorities in Sweden in which applying gender policies has implications for managers' decisions when these are used to make the organizational leadership structures more equal. The application of policies to allow gender equality has also implications for employees regarding their work performances when advancing up in hierarchies.
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Heikkinen, M. (Mervi). "Sexist harassment as an issue of gender equality politics and policies at university." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200378.
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Abstract This study scrutinises sexist harassment and the construction of gender equality policy at the University of Oulu, one of the largest universities in Finland. Furthermore, the study addresses policies that are intended to prevent gender and sexual harassment, the implementation of such policies, and their practical outcomes. Universities are a place of knowledge (re-)production, but research suggests that sexist harassment at least occasionally bothers, and may even call into question, the central tasks of the academy—the creation and maintenance of knowledge. Acker’s theory of gendered organisation is used to frame the analysis of the study on three levels: structures, resources and processes. Lukes’s and Olsen’s views regarding power are used to locate and make visible blind spots of gender equality work related to sexual harassment. Nussbaum’s capabilities approach is used to strengthen the individual agency perspective. Additionally, intersectionality is considered in the analyses. The method of research is a case study. Detailed and intensive knowledge is produced by using various complementary data, analysis methods, vantage points and perspectives. The research contributes to the conceptual-theoretical discussion of the development of gender equality work at organisations. Based on this study, I argue that it would be reasonable to use the term sexist harassment when individual harassment experiences and organisational harassment incidences are discussed. Additionally, the concepts of sexism and sexist discrimination should be considered, especially when the ideology behind the harassment is addressed. Nussbaum’s capabilities approach complements Acker’s theory of gendered organisations in a meaningful manner by providing concrete gender equality indicators for organisations’ gender equality workTiivistelmä Tutkimus tarkastelee seksististä häirintää ja sukupuolten tasa-arvopolitiikan rakentumista Oulun yliopistossa, joka on yksi suurimmista yliopistoista Suomessa. Lisäksi tutkimus paikantuu toimenpiteisiin jotka on tarkoitettu sukupuolisen ja seksuaalisen häirinnän ehkäisemiseen, näiden toimenpiteiden toimeenpanoon ja niiden käytännöllisiin seurauksiin. Yliopistot ovat tiedon tuottamisen paikkoja, mutta tutkimuksen mukaan seksistinen häirintä vähintäänkin tilanteisesti haittaa ja voi jopa kyseenalaistaa akatemian keskeisten tehtävien — uuden tiedon tuottamisen ja ylläpitämisen – toteuttamista. Ackerin sukupuolistuneiden organisaatioiden teoriaa käytetään analyysin kehikkona kolmella tasolla: rakenteet, resurssit ja prosessit. Lukesin ja Olsenin valtakäsitteitä käytetään paikantamaan ja tekemään näkyväksi tasa-arvotyön katvealueita, jotka liittyvät seksuaalisen häirinnän eliminoimiseen. Nussbaumin inhimillisten kyvykkyyksien lähestymistapaa käytetään vahvistamaan yksittäisen toimijan perspektiiviä. Lisäksi analyysissa otetaan huomioon intersektionaalisuus. Tutkimusmenetelmänä on tapaustutkimus. Yksityiskohtaista ja intensiivistä tietoa tuotetaan käyttämällä vaihtelevia ja toisiaan täydentäviä aineistoja, analyysimenetelmiä, näkökulmia ja perspektiivejä. Tutkimus osallistuu käsitteellis-teoreettiseen keskusteluun sukupuolten tasa-arvotyön kehittämisestä organisaatiossa. Tutkimukseen perustuen esitän, että olisi perusteltua ottaa käyttöön käsite seksistinen häirintä, kun häirintää tarkastellaan häirittyjen näkökulmasta kokemuksen tasolla, ja käyttää käsitteitä seksismi ja seksistinen diskriminaatio viitattaessa häirinnän taustalla vaikuttavaan ideologiaan ja häiritsijän teon luonteeseen. Nussbaumin inhimillisten kyvykkyyksien lähestymistapa täydentää mielekkäällä tavalla Ackerin sukupuolistuneiden organisaatioiden teoriaa, koska se tarjoaa konkreettisia indikaattoreita organisaatioille niiden työssä tasa-arvon edistämiseksi
18
Ranharter, Katherine. "Gender equality & development after violent conflicts : the effects of gender policies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14552.
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This thesis analyses the effects of gender inclusive policies or the lack of such on development at a time of conflict transformation. It has nowadays been established that the presence of women and the existence of gendered policies at a time of peace building are vital for the development of any country or region presently in this situation. Despite this knowledge, inclusion of women and gender has remained scarce and effects of their integration have thus proven difficult to measure. It is the aim of this thesis to support research in this area, by demonstrating the implications of incorporating or failing to implement different types of gender inclusive policies on the example of the actions taken in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The Kurdistan Region is currently in a unique position of its development. After withstanding decades of armed conflict, the region today is greatly autonomous and economically prosperous. For the previous decade it has been the government’s aim to decrease the potential of new conflict, to become internationally competitive and to increase positive development for its people. One of their stated foci was thereby the promotion of gender and women’s inclusion in public policies. By comparing the policies deployed in the Kurdistan Region with experiences and knowledge from around the world, and by using the citizens of the region themselves as validators, this thesis will examine if the existing policies have had the desired effect, and if not, what should be changed. This will be done in the political, economic and social sphere (focusing on education), with the outcome that policies introduced by Kurdistan’s decision makers are partly positive, but lack in consistency, inclusiveness and gender sensitivity. This leads to a loss of human resources for the region, as well as to unequal effects within society, and thus to a lack of sustainable peace.
19
Lalou, Theodora. "Gender inequalities in Greece : A critical discourse analysis onthe 2016-2020 National Plan for Gender Equality in Greece." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173001.
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This research uses a modified version of Carol Bacchi’s (2016) “What’s theProblem Represented to Be?” approach to conduct a critical discourse analysison the 2016-2020 National Plan for Gender Equality for Greece published bythe Greek General Secretariat for Gender Equality under the auspices of theGreek Ministry of the Interior (MoI, 2018). The aim of this research study is toshow how gender equality is represented by the Greek General Secretariat forGender Equality and which are the implications and allegations throughdifferent problem representations.
20
Maenza, Carla Vanina. "Feminist tensions in equality policies: an analysis of gender mainstreaming in the European Union." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664613.
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This dissertation provides an account of how feminist tensions are presented in policy by studying the case of Gender Mainstreaming in the European Union. First, we present Gender Mainstreaming and other strategies that tackle gender inequality. We explain how gender governance is organized in the institutional map of the European Union and how gender is constructed and perceived in policy. We use problematizations and the “What’s the Problem Represented to Be” approach to study the meanings embedded in those policy documents. We recognize two feminist theories in tension: poststructuralism and liberalism. We then explore the case of education in the European Union, to further show how those tensions are represented in almost every issue. We conclude that Gender Mainstreaming was intended to bring fresh air into policy, based on a poststructuralist approach to gender, but got entangled within liberal feminism and neoliberal policies that mitigate its transformative effects. This is what we describe as the Firework Effect. From these considerations, we argue that it is necessary to rethink policies by bringing those feminist debates to light.Esta tesis brinda una descripción de cómo se presentan las tensiones feministas en las políticas públicas al estudiar el caso de la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la Unión Europea. Primero, presentamos la integración de la perspectiva de género y otras estrategias que abordan la desigualdad de género. Explicamos cómo se organiza la gobernanza de género en el mapa institucional de la Unión Europea y cómo se construye y se percibe el género en la creación de políticas públicas. Utilizamos el enfoque "¿Cuál es el problema que se representa?" para estudiar los significados incluidos en esos documentos y reconocemos dos teorías feministas en tensión: el posestructuralismo y el liberalismo. Exploramos el caso de la educación en la Unión Europea para mostrar cómo se representan estas tensiones. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la incorporación de la perspectiva de género tenía la intención de dar aire fresco a la política, basada en un enfoque posestructuralista del género, pero se enredó dentro del feminismo liberal y las políticas neoliberales que mitigan sus efectos transformadores. Esto es lo que describimos como el Efecto de fuegos artificiales. A partir de estas consideraciones, argumentamos que es necesario repensar las políticas a la luz de los debates feministas.
21
Callerstig, Anne-Charlott. "Making equality work : Ambiguities, conflicts and change agents in the implementation of equality policies in public sector organisations." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105207.
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The overall aim of this study is to contribute to knowledge about the implementation of equality policies in public sector organisations. This is achieved through the development of a theoretical framework of feminist implementation studies. It involves the study of influential factors that impact upon the implementation process, with the aim of contributing to an understanding of the outcome of implementation processes within the equality policy field. The methodology used is based on qualitative case study research combined with a meta-analysis that allows for comparisons across cases. Four initiatives in the implementation of gender mainstreaming strategy were studied in different contexts, namely, two local municipalities and one government agency in Sweden. The main questions asked are: How was gender mainstreaming implemented? What were the main factors influencing the implementation process and why? What was the impact of change actors working to implement gender mainstreaming? The case studies were conducted using an interactive research approach where the different dilemmas encountered by the gender mainstreaming practitioners are used as a starting point for developing a joint learning process. The thesis comprises an introduction and five published papers. The main findings of the study include how the implementation process developed over time and the impact of the micropractices of the “gender mainstreamers” involved. The study provides insights into the factors influencing the implementation process, and how these factors change over time. Different types and levels of conflict, together and interlinked with different ambiguities, affect the practical work where dilemmas inherent in the concepts of “gender”, “equality” and “change” become central. Overall, the study shows how the specific preconditions for implementation of gender mainstreaming make the local arenas of implementation crucial for understanding the outcomes.Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra till kunskapen om implementeringen av jämlikhetsstrategier i offentliga organisationer. Detta görs genom utvecklingen av ett teoretiskt ramverk för implementeringsstudier med ett feministiskt perspektiv. För att bidra till en ökad förståelse av de resultat som nås inom jämlikhetspolitiken studeras faktorer som påverkar implementeringsprocessen. Studien är baserad på kvalitativa fallstudier och en meta-analys som möjliggör jämförelser mellan fallstudierna. Fyra olika fall av implementering av jämställdhetsintegreringsstrategin har studerats utifrån olika kontexter; i två svenska kommuner och en statlig myndighet. Avhandlingens huvudsakliga frågeställningar är: Hur implementerades jämställdhetsintegreringsstrategin? Vilka var de huvudsakliga faktorer som påverkade implementeringsprocessen och varför? Hur påverkades processen av de förändringsaktörer som arbetade med att implementera strategin? Fallstudierna har genomförts med en interaktiv forskningsansats i vilken olika dilemman i det praktiska arbetet har använts som utgångspunkt för en gemensam lärandeprocess med de som arbetat med implementeringen av strategin. Avhandlingen är en sammanläggningsavhandling och består av en introduktion och fem publicerade paper. Avhandlingens huvudsakliga resultat inkluderar hur implementeringsprocessen utvecklades över tid och den påverkan som "jämställdhetsintegrerarnas" mikropraktik haft på implementeringen. Avhandlingen visar vilka faktorer som påverkar implementeringsprocessen samt att dessa varierar över tid. Olika slags konflikter påverkar tillsammans och sammanvävt med jämställdhetsstrategiers mångtydighet det praktiska arbetet i vilket dilemman rörande betydelsen av "kön", "jämlikhet/jämställdhet" och "förändring" blir centrala. Sammantaget visar avhandlingen hur de specifika förutsättningarna för implementering av jämställdhetsintegreringsstrategin gör det lokala implementeringsarbetet avgörande för att förstå resultaten.
The articles in this Ph.D. thesis are published in full text with kind permisson from Studentlitteratur (article I, II and V), TGV (article II) and VINNOVA (article IV).
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Armstrong, Anita Harker. "Making the “Good” Professor: Does Graduate Mentoring Promote Gender Equality in Academia?" DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1063.
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Mentorship is a critical component of a graduate education and facilitates the process of socialization into the role of professorship. Numerous studies continue to support the idea that mentorship, particularly woman-to-woman mentoring, is essential for overcoming barriers to women’s mobility within male-dominated fields. This study critically examines this assumption through the analysis of 59 qualitative interviews with faculty mentors and graduate students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics conducted at one Canadian and one American institution. Initially, I explore how mothers in academe are socialized from differing levels to fit into narrowly defined roles as “good” professors. This expands our conceptualization of a motherhood penalty to include more subtle discrimination and illuminates the complexity within which motherhood is embedded in work organizations and reproduced through interaction (including mentorship). By following a comparison of the relational dynamics of women graduate students in same-gender and cross-gender iv mentorships, the overwhelming conclusion is that both men and women as faculty mentors are capable of socializing their students in ways that have potential to transform the academic institution regarding gender equity. Still, many examples of how mentoring alternately functions to perpetuate inequities exist. Finally, a crossnational analysis allowed exploration of institutional contexts and how they influence the ways in which mentors model balance. In contexts where family leave is institutionalized (i.e. Canada), conflict between work and family life should be lessened. Given this assumption, we should see a distinct separation of experiences between Canadian and American academics. In reality, these boundaries are more blurred. This finding implies that despite differences in levels of support formally offered to families through policy initiatives, professional barriers experienced by academics prevent the type of substantive benefits they are meant to afford. In practice, faculty mentors remain wedded to ideal worker models rooted in the masculine work ethics of their professions regardless of institutionalized family policies, thereby perpetuating inequality through mentorship. This, in turn, prevents institutional change. In summary, this study contributes to theoretical models of gendered institutions; advances understanding of the tenacity of gender inequality in academia; and informs university policies related to mentoring practices and workfamily policies.
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Tu, Jenny. "A study on the impacts of gender mainstreaming on men and women in the world." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46059.
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The strategy of gender mainstreaming was implemented as a policy tool with its objective of achieving gender equality and benefitting both women and men. But it has been seen that the strategy had the tendency to present and focus only on one side of the gender coin, which are women and girls. Men and boys are hardly mentioned in gender related issues and appear as hazy background figures, which have further resulted in serious consequences for women and men, as well as the relationship between them in relation to gender equality efforts. This research analyzes the existing literature within the field of gender and development in order to comprehend the complexity surrounding gender equality concerning the policies with gender mainstreaming and its impact on women, men, and on the relationship between them. To increase the reliability of the research, an analytical model in the shape of a triangle was constructed to illustrate the symmetric correlation between gender policies, and their impact on women and men. The results of the research showed that with its main focus on women’s issues and empowerment, policies with gender mainstreaming appear to contribute to negative and threatened responses from men towards women’s increasing power. This is in relation to men’s sense of exclusion and disempowerment. The results further indicate a potential backlash in the objective of gender equality where men’s negative reactions can be seen to hamper women’s ability to perform their advanced role in households and communities, which further exacerbate the efforts of achieving equality.
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Gokalp, Ela Nefise. "The Critical Overview Of The European Union Gender Equality Policies And Their Implications For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606893/index.pdf.
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Since the 1990&rsquos, interest in the European Union (EU) gender equality policies has increased among feminist scholars and activists. In this context, studies focusing on equal pay for work of equal value, equal treatment in education, and access to employment, among others have been undertaken and different dimensions of the EU gender equality policies have been a subject of much debate. This thesis is an effort to critically review the potential of these policies vis-à
-vis their capacity to bring about gender equality in the EU Member States and examine their implications for Turkey as a candidate country. The fundamental argument that underlines this thesis is that the EU gender equality regime, which is mainly concerned with equality in the work place, falls short of effectively responding to the complexities of gender inequality within diverse women&rsquo
s experiences and socioeconomic settings. In Turkey, women&rsquo
s organizations have used the EU accession process to demand major legislative reforms. As a result, it can be said that &lsquo
equality before law&rsquo
is now more or less achieved in Turkey. However, in practice, gender inequality is a pervasive problem in all spheres of life. In the area of employment serious gender v pay gaps exist and unemployment rate of Turkish women is on the rise. Women also face discrimination in other areas of concern such as in access to education and political participation and they encounter multiple forms of violence in both public and private spheres of life. In view of the diversities of women&rsquo
s experiences both in member as well as candidate countries of the EU, the thesis concludes that if the EU is to be a viable project in truly bringing about gender equality it needs to move beyond economics to include social goals within its core policies as well.
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Tunek, Kristin. "Gender Equality as ‘Political Indoctrination’ : A case study on Brazil’s turn towards conservative university policies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79908.
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‘Gender ideology’ is a term used by radical conservative congregations to contemn issues around gender, such as reproductive rights and gender studies, for it is seen as a conspiracy against traditional family values. Congregations that use the term also embrace other forms of anti-gender rhetoric as they aspire to influence decision-makers to adopt policies against gender matters, for instance same-sex marriages and transgender rights. As the discussion of ‘gender ideology’ is spread, campaigns against gender matters evolves. The campaigns are often focusing on whether gender should be discussed within, and be a part of, the education. It is a threat for the achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030, which indeed focus on gender equality and quality education. The campaigns are seen all over the world but have become especially successful within South America. In Brazil, the campaign Escola sem Partido, has created a movement against gender and political indoctrination, where the term gender has become a central dispute for what is considered legitimate knowledge. This thesis aims to investigate, through a critical discourse analysis of ‘testimonies’ from Escola sem Partido’s website and through collecting interviews with professors and students at a university in Brazil, the conflict about gender equality. Since the term gender has become a central term of dispute within the discussion of ‘political indoctrination’ at a high level of education. The result of this thesis shows that the perception of gender reflects the perception of one’s education. The view on what is experienced legitimate knowledge determines whether professors are experienced as political or not. It is found within the ‘testimonies’ that professors personal agenda steers the education to involve gender matters when it should not, as gender matters are viewed as political. Moreover, that professors use their classes to systematically instill ideas and attitudes into their students minds. In opposition to this perception, it was found within the interviews that gender matters should be addressed in school. Universities role of promoting tolerance, and the value of engaged professors who allows critical thinking of societal issues, are two important factors for fighting prejudices against minorities, gender and varieties of sexualities and development for gender equality.
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Andrews, Johanna. "Facing Obstacles to Change : implementing EU gender equality policies in the Central and Eastern European Countries." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2632.
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On May 1st 2004 the European Union was enlarged with ten new countries. Eight of these share a common background as satellite states of the former Soviet Union and today three more are candidate countries for an EU membership. These countries share a state-communist past. In terms of gender equality this affects the countries’ norms regarding gender and the conception of equality between the sexes. The EU has an outspoken commitment to gender equality and has throughout the years developed a number of Equal Opportunity Policies to combat the problem with gender discrimination within the EU. What happens when the EU is implementing these policies into the former communist countries and norms from two different environments meet? T
he thesis aim to critically review and discuss EU equal opportunity policies concerning the labour market in the former communist countries from perspectives of neo-institutionalist and contemporary feminist theory. The discussion concern obstacles to change and the creation of norms regarding gender equality, and whether the specific background (the communist experience) shared by the countries of the Eastern Europe might have implications for the process.
The thesis uses a multi strategy approach, combining text studies, interviews and quantitative data. The analytical framework consists of concepts relating to change and norm formation from cultural neo-institutionalism and a feminist perspective. The input consists of the present rules and roles in the former communist countries and the existing EU equal opportunity policies. The situation that appears when the perspectives meet is analysed from a critical feminist perspective based on modern debates regarding the east-west dichotomy within the school of feminism. By adding concept of change from the school of cultural neo-institutionalism the situation can be evaluated from a norm creating perspective. This creates an opportunity to discuss potential future scenarios.
The findings of the thesis show that there is a significant difference between the theoretical foundation for a discussion on gender equality between the EU15 and the CEEC11. This is reflected in a lack of gender awareness in the CEEC11 acknowledged by both NGOs and EU officials. The implication of this is that the EU is challenged to make the public aware of the importance of these values. They are forced to create a change in the norms governing gender equality in the CEEC11. However, the findings also show that the EU is somewhat uncritical towards its own role as the norm shaper in the process. There is a need for the European Commission to reflect over the present equal opportunity policies in order to create sustainable change. If the EU fail to do so it will most likely be the uncontested norm-holder and socialisation ceases to be a two way process. The consequence may be ineffective policies.
27
Ball, Wendy Susan. "Making a difference, promoting gender equality? : transforming childcare policies for mothers, fathers and children in Wales." Thesis, Swansea University, 2006. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42977.
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This thesis explores the connections between childcare, gender relations and social policy in post-devolution Wales. The changing childcare policy landscape in the United Kingdom is discussed and the making of childcare policy in Wales following devolution is traced. New Labour parenting and childcare policy agendas are assessed in relation to claims that policy will progress gender equality, offer parental choice, extend support to parents and meet the interests of children. Following analysis of policy texts, the assessment proceeds with reference to interviews with policy actors, presenting their perspectives on policy delivery in Wales. The degree to which a distinctive social policy agenda has been enabled by devolution is discussed. It is argued that there is evidence of a different style and vision in Wales that may provide opportunities for social movements. Guided by feminist standpoint theory and 'institutional ethnography', the study then turns to the childcare practices of mothers, fathers and grandmothers living in Swansea. The main focus is on the mothers ' accounts, how their caring practices are shaped by gendered moral codes and ideologies relating to the conduct of mothering. Key concepts used throughout the analysis include 'sensitive mothering' (Walkerdine and Lucey, 1989) and 'intensive mothering' (Hays, 1996); 'gendered moral rationalities' (Duncan and Edwards, 1999) and 'social/ emotional capital' (Reay, 2005). Nancy Fraser's (1997) discussion of claims for 'redistribution' and for 'recognition' is used to highlight tensions in policy agendas, gender politics and parental preferences. In conclusion the importance o f developing a feminist 'ethics of care' in childcare/ parenting policy is discussed. It is argued that childcare policy in Wales has been limited by a narrow understanding of the connections between parental preference, gender and childcare and the interconnections between informal care provided through gendered networks of social support and formal childcare provision need to be recognised.
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Smith-Kea, Nicola D. "Saving a Seat for a Sister: A Grounded Theory Approach Exploring the Journey of Women Reaching Top Policing Executive Positions." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1602155481211166.
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Rosenbrand, Jeglertz Cornelia. "The Backsliding of Women's Rights in Poland : A Qualitative Study of the Polish Framing of the EuropeanUnion’s Gender Equality Policies and Gender Mainstreaming." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185008.
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The Polish Law and Justice party has initiated domestic policies and regulations that challenge women’s rights. Poland is a member of the European Union where the gender inequality issues have never had such a high priority before and the union is currently operating under the Gender Mainstreaming strategy alongside with additional approaches. The two folded aim of this thesis is to create an understanding on how the Polish politicalauthorities can present backsliding tendencies of women’s rights by studying how thedomestic political institutions frame gender equality policies and Gender Mainstreaming followed by how the Polish political agents can legitimize the framings and implementations to the Polish society through the public discourse. A qualitative discourse analysis will be applied on materials from the EU, Polish politicalprograms and secondary sources such as news articles. The empirical findings suggest that the backsliding is part of a non-linear process where the Polish framing and implementation of policies on gender equality both converge and diverge from the EU. In the latest years, an incremental process of backsliding tendencies has appeared. As for the political discourse, the gender equality policies often end up in the background, overruled by pro-family policies. Also, the inadequate implementations and domestic framings is legitimized by the referencesto the foundational ideas of Polish society, where the EU challenges the traditional familywith “harmful gender ideologies”.
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Molin, Jenny. "From Policy to Action : A study on the implementation of gender policies and a gender perspective in Swedish humanitarian assistance work." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18484.
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More than a decade has now passed since the concept of “gender mainstreaming” and polices addressing a gender perspective first appeared on the international agenda, yet evaluations on these policies’ implementation show that progress has been slow in the field of humanitarian assistance. As executive workers, the humanitarian field staff have in policy documents been identified as crucial actors in the “gender mainstreaming” work, however, no previous research have been found evaluating their achievements in the field. This study examines if formulated gender policies, within Swedish humanitarian organisations and agencies, are implemented and translated into action in the field. This was carried out by investigating Swedish humanitarian fieldworkers’ gender sensitiveness and experiences of working with a gender perspective in the field. The empirical material was collected from qualitative deep interviews with ten fieldworkers from four different humanitarian organisations/agencies. The interview data was then analysed by using a theoretical framework based on Gender theory, Postcolonial feminist theory and Policy implementation theory. The results show that even though most of the interviewed fieldworkers mean that they are aware of gender issues and the importance of using a gender perspective in the field, they have a general low understanding of the gender concept. An emerging “cultural sensitivity versus gender policy implementation” dilemma was valid and possibly affecting the informants’ attempts to act on formulated policies. Moreover, the method that the organisations/agencies use when educating staff on gender issues seem to have an impact on this dilemma. It became apparent that the fieldworkers underestimate their own responsibility in using a gender perspective in the field; at the same time the organisations/agencies overestimate their workers’ capacity to implement their gender policies. Much also indicate on how a still old-fashioned gender discourse is produced, and reproduced, in gender policy formulations and among the fieldworkers. In conclusion, it seems like a gap occur between the initial intention of a policy, its formulation, interpretation and the final intervention result.Mer än ett decennium har passerat sedan begreppet "gender mainstreaming " och genus policys först dök upp på den internationella dagordningen. Trots detta visar utvärderingar att genomförandet av dessa policyer varit långsamt inom humanitärt- och katastrofbistånd. Som verkställande arbetare har personalen inom humanitär verksamhet i flera policydokument identifierats som viktiga aktörer för arbetet mot att implementera genus policys, dock har ingen tidigare forskning utvärderat deras faktiska utförande i fält. Studien undersöker huruvida svenska humanitära biståndsorganisationer- och myndigheters formulerade genuspolicys implementeras och omsätts till handling i fält. Detta görs genom att granska svenska humanitära fältarbetares genusmedvetenhet och erfarenheter av att arbeta med ett genusperspektiv i sina uppdrag. Det empiriska materialet samlades in från kvalitativa djupintervjuer med tio fältarbetare från fyra olika svenska organisationer/myndigheter. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på Genusteori, Postkolonial feministisk teori och teori kring policyimplementering. Resultaten visar att även om de flesta av de intervjuade fältarbetarna säger sig vara medvetna om begreppet genus, och vikten av att använda ett genusperspektiv i fält, har de en låg förståelse för innebörden av konceptet. Ett dilemma mellan ”kulturell känslighet” och ”implementering av genuspolicys” uppkom, där organisationernas/myndigheternas utbildningsmetod av ett genustänk möjligtvis har en förstärkande inverkan. Tydligt var att fältarbetarna verkar underskattar sitt eget ansvar i att använda ett genusperspektiv i fält, samtidigt som organisationerna/myndigheterna överskattar sina anställdas förmåga att arbeta efter de formulerade policyerna. Mycket tyder också på att en fortfarande ganska otidsenlig könsdiskurs produceras och reproduceras både i formulerade genuspolicys, och bland fältarbetarna. Sammanfattningsvis verkar det som att det uppstår en klyfta mellan den initiala intentionen av en policy, dess utformning, tolkningen av denna och interventionens slutresultat.
31
Joensen, Alma. "What's the Problem? : An Analysis of EU's Gender Equality Policy." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-6470.
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For the past decade, EU’s gender equality policies have undergone some changes that have affected the way in which the problem with gender equality is now represented. This case study analysis explores what the problem with gender inequalities is represented to be in EU’s Strategy for Equality between Women and Men, 2010-2015, and whether there are any presuppositions or assumptions underlying EU’s representation of the problem. The method used for analysis is Carol Lee Bacchi’s approach: What’s the Problem (represented to be)?, which is a post-structuralist approach that pays much attention to language and discourse. EU’s gender equality policy is then compared with Sylvia Walby’s theory on the patriarchy, that explains gender inequalities as being systematically produced through a system of social structures. The main conclusion is that EU’s gender policies are tailored to fit the political priorities of the union, which are to achieve the objectives of the EU 2020 Strategy. The problems are mainly being represented from an economic perspective, and furthermore the EU dismisses the notion that gender inequalities are a result of our social structures, and rather explains the problem of gender inequality as being the problem of women.
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Rating, Nikolina. "Ambitions v. Implementation : A case study on how the European Commission has affected the gender equality policies of Poland." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104409.
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Considering the persisting issue of gender inequalities, this thesis aims to examine the European Commission’s role in the development of gender equality policies in member states. Illustrating the Commission’s role by conducting a case study on the development of equality policies in Poland during the years 2004 – 2020. The Commission’s influence was analysed using the three integration mechanisms: positive, negative, and framing integration through the application of the top-down Europeanization approach. The influence was thereafter measured by examining the extent of compliance to and implementing the Polish government's EU policy. The analysis indicated the Commission’s role as the supervisor of the implementation process as an important factor in transposing a number of EU directives on gender equality in Poland. Moreover, the pressure from the Commission in the form of Reasoned Opinions contributed to the advancement of gender equality policy from 2004 through 2015. The institution’s strategies on gender equality also resulted in compliance with EU objectives and necessary institutional changes. Resulting in instances of positive integration. The strategies also resulted in some framing integration, where some of the political and social debate on gender equality policy came to comply with the discourse of the Commission. Yet, the analysis also demonstrated that the transposing varied in level of compliance with the measures stated in the directives. The implementation of the policies also varied greatly. When the Law and Justice party formed a majority government in 2015 there was a significant regression of certain areas of gender equality policy and the former institutional changes of the national equality body. This development in Poland resulted in an infringement procedure and the first instance of negative integration. Demonstrating the Commission’s capability to directly affect national legislation that contradicts EU law. The main conclusion of this thesis is therefore that the Commission has had an important role in the development of gender equality policy in Poland, but the advancements in this policy area vary in levels of compliance and implementation.
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Dustin, Moira. "Gender equality and cultural claims : testing incompatibility through an analysis of UK policies on minority 'cultural practices' 1997-2007." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2720/.
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Debates about multiculturalism attempt to resolve the tension that has been identified in Western societies between the cultural claims of minorities and the liberal values of democracy and individual choice. Earlier writing on multiculturalism was criticised for a failure to recognise the centrality of gender and women's symbolic role in debates about culture; more recent feminist analysis has placed gender at the centre of multicultural debate. The risk is that cultural minorities are now characterised and problematised almost entirely through the unacceptable attitudes to women held by some of their members. From this perspective, gender equality and cultural rights are irreconcilable. While earlier writing on multiculturalism did indeed fail to address the experiences of minoritized women, approaches that take gender as their starting point can be criticised for - at times - resulting in a discourse that feeds cultural stereotypes and serves reactionary agendas. This alienates the very women it is intended to empower, forcing them to make an unreasonable and impossible choice between their cultural identity and their gender rights. I argue that the assumption of a necessary conflict between gender equality and cultural rights is based on a false and simplistic conception of 'culture'. A more sophisticated analysis is provided by writers, including Uma Narayan, Avtah Brah, Leti Volpp and Madhavi Sunder, who challenge the assumption that cultures (and religions) are homogenous and stable units. This thesis takes their work forward by locating it in a UK context and asking to what extent it is practical or possible for policy makers, activists and service-providers to deploy this more satisfactory approach when working for and with vulnerable minoritized women. It does this through an analysis of three 'cultural practices' identified as problematic and addressed in public policy between 1997 and 2007: forced marriage, female genital mutilation or cutting, and 'honour' crimes.
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Lloyd, Cecily A. "France on a Pedestal: How Extensive Work-Life Policies Fail to Achieve Gender Equality for Women in the Work-Place." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/519.
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The topic of work-life balance has become a highly contentious issue in many industrialized societies since the post-war period. Consequently, the topic has also become more prevalent in academic, managerial and national discussions. European states, both on the national level and as a bloc, have made notable advancements in assisting with work-life balance. The policies vary across different European countries, bringing into question the government‟s ability to influence women‟s employment decisions and effectively achieve higher levels of gender equality in the workplace. This paper studies France, and its extensive family policies aimed at facilitating work-life fit. France is known, and often commended, for its government subsidies and tax deductions for childcare, as well as full-time publicly funded day care for children under the age of six. Despite these measures, women on average still earn less than men. This paper makes the argument that work-life policies in France are not doing enough to help women in the workplace across different demographic and employment categories. Furthermore, the programs in place fail to address core issues of gender equality in the home, which undermines the efficacy of these policies to achieve equality for women in the work force.
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Atterby, Carin. "Talking the talk, what about walking the walk? : Investigation of barriers to the implementation of gender equality policies in humanitarian action." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-258219.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possible barriers to why the implementation of gender equality policies in the everyday activities on the ground of humanitarian action is not evident in practice. To investigate this arena, in-depth interviews were conducted with gender advisors of humanitarian organisations. The data was analysed using thematic analysis through the lens of the theoretical framework of systems theory and the concept of `knowledge into practice’. The findings indicate that there are three types of barriers on three dimensions for the implementation of gender equality policies on the ground of humanitarian action. The first barrier is the lack of external and internal pressure on the humanitarian community in form of accountability mechanisms. The second barrier is the internal structure of the humanitarian community with internal difficulties to integrate the gender community as well as fragmentation within it. The third barrier is the lack of a suitable semantic as well as operational understanding of the concept of gender within humanitarian action.This thesis highlights the importance of a common language and receptive attitudes between humanitarian actors for the practical implementation of gender equality policies. Key words: gender equality, gender equality policies, gender equality programming, knowledge transmission, knowledge implementation, barriers, humanitarian action.
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Mouton, Johleen. "The managerial role of women in the South African Police Service : the case of Johannesburg SAPS / Johleen Mouton." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1105.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1991. South Africa has a new democratic dispensation. This new- Democracy in
South Africa has the aim to change the lives of ever)- citizen in South Africa. A new
Constitution and the Bill of Rights have been adopted to ensure that discrimination
policies of the past are to be addressed. The Government of South Africa committed
itself to gender equality and this commitment has to transpire to all public institutions. It
is therefore. important that public institutions should engage in a process of ongoing
change and investigate their own controlled styles in support of gender justice.
In the South African Police. before 1994. women were not considered as an essential part
of the workforce and they were not employed in senior management positions. The new
South African Police Service adopted community policing as a new style of policing and
embarked on a strong sense of service delivery to the community. South Africa has a
diverse community and to enable the SAPS to deliver a proper service to the community
they serve, the human-resource component should reflect this: incorporating men and
women as equal partners. The managers of the SAPS have therefore to change
accordingly and with that the whole organisation and its members. When times change.
it requires a change in attitudes and perceptions.
The aim of this study was to engender a new consciousness in the SAPS and the society
about the role of policewomen as competent managers in a male-dominated profession
and not for superiority of any of the genders. In any society women play a critical role:
therefore the respect for the rights of women in society brings capability and builds
capacity.
Semi-structured interview schedules were used to conduct interviews with female police
station managers as well as their subordinates at different stations to obtain the necessary
information. A literature re vie^ was done to obtain information and views from other
authors on the topic of policewomen. Limited research has been done on policewomen
or on women in management positions in SAPS.
Chapter one provides an orientation to the study. Legislation by Government as well as
policies and directives from the SAPS were discussed in Chapter 2 to set the scene for the
study. The question is asked whether these legislation. policies and directives are
effectively being implemented to enhance the development of women in the organisation
and to give them a fair chance to show their skills and competencies in managerial
positions. The study further materialises in a discussion on the role and performance of
women in the policing environment and a historical background of women in policing in
South .Africa. The remainder of the study focuses on the research methodology. the
empirical findings: a summary: recommendations and a conclusion.Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Olivieri, Agazzi María Cecilia. "Essays on Public Policies and Socioeconomic Disparities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667706.
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The dissertation addresses the analysis of inequality in various aspects of the economy and aims to contribute to the evaluation of public policies, as well as to the identification of possible effects derived from alternative public interventions. In particular, the main goal of this research has been to better understand the economic impact of public policies (or of the absence of them) in terms of transport infrastructure and gender differences that stem from personal income taxation and urban mobility.
In Chapter 2, spatial econometric techniques have been used to analyze both, the absolute and conditional β-convergence-type processes. Furthermore, an analysis on whether transport investment has been guided by efficiency, redistribution and/or equity concerns was conducted to explain the role of transportation on such regional convergence. Withdrawing of data from 1980 to 2008, strong evidence of absolute convergence occurring across Spanish provinces has been found. This result also holds when considering conditional convergence, as well as the explicit role of transport infrastructure. However, only roads seem to have contributed to the process of regional convergence in Spain. In contrast, the other types of transport infrastructure have not played an important role in this process. It was also found that the main destination of investment has been to equalize the infrastructure endowment between the different Spanish regions. The reduction in inequality between regions, in terms of roads endowment, could explain its positive contribution to the regional convergence in Spain.
In Chapter 3, zero-one inflated beta models have been applied to analyze the gendered effects of the Personal Income Tax (PIT) in Uruguay, using microdata provided by the 2013 Household Survey. The analysis of the legislation has indicated no explicit gender differences in the PIT code, which indicates women and men are treated on an equal basis regarding rates, credits and deductions: a flat tax rate for capital income and two different progressive schedules for pensions and labor income. Despite that, a joint filing system is allowed for couple’s incomes. On the base of tax records, an estimate of only 5.4% of couples (with at least one of them being an income earner) have used the joint filing option in 2013. The cause cannot be assessed, but a possible explanation may be the lack of information. However, there are probably other explanations that could be the scope of future research.
It has also been found in the study that when assessing household per capita income, households supported by a working man who lives with a dependent housewife face the highest tax burden, followed by the dual-earner type. When evaluating different potential explanatory factors, a gap remained. These findings indicate that there has been an incentive towards equal gender time allocation within the family, which is consistent with gender equity. On the one hand, PIT has not been discouraging labor market participation of a second earner due to the fact that it is not taxed at higher rates. On the other hand, given that male breadwinner households may have been reaching higher levels of welfare from non-taxed home production, the result is potentially consistent with neutrality in terms of allocation between household and market time.
As well, single mothers’ households bear a lower burden than dual earner households when considering both, raw data and income-controlled gaps. Once again, this pattern is consistent with gender equity. However, this pattern is partly explained by non-desirable aspects: higher levels of informality and participation in non-taxable sources of income among single female households than in dual earner households. The analysis also provides a comparison between male and female breadwinner households, and single female and male households. In both comparisons it has been found that the male types bear a higher PIT burden than the female types, which is partly explained by the higher share of non-taxable income among female types. Finally, no differences were found between female and male categories of three typical types of non-employed households.
Finally, in Chapter 4, a multilevel econometric approach has been applied to examine the determinants of commuting patterns in the Metropolitan Area of Montevideo (MAM), addressing the household responsibility hypothesis. The data was stratified in two levels: individual and zone of residence (census tract). It has been found that all dimensions of travel behavior (trip time, trip distance, trip count and transportation mode choice) are influenced by both, individual and contextual characteristics. With concerns to the personal attributes, results suggest the existence of differences in commuting patterns between male and female residents in the MAM. On average, women travel smaller distances with a lower frequency of trips. Travel time does not differ significantly, but it is based in the use of slower means of transport, shown by the smaller use of cars. In relation to the zone of residence, residing in the most densely populated zones, with greater public transport accessibility and land-use diversity is associated with traveling lower distances and less time. It is also associated with a greater frequency of trips, though the impact is very small. In contrast, individual’s mode choice is less influenced by the attributes of the zone of residence and more associated to socioeconomic level.
The analysis also provides evidence of the importance of family structure to explain the gender differences in commuting patterns. In particular, the interaction between the presence of children and the presence of spouse/partner in the household appeared to be key factors to explain those differences, proving the household responsibility hypothesis. Women in all types of households with children tend to have smaller commute time than their counterpart in households without children. In the case of women in female breadwinner households, the shorter commute is measured both in terms of time and distance. Also, the presence of children increases the frequency of trips for women belonging to all household categories. The probability of travelling by car increases with the presence of children in all households and genders. Meanwhile, men exhibit higher travel distance in male breadwinner households with children and higher frequency of trips in the dual earner with children type.
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Grenha, Ana Rita Martins. "Igualdade de género no desporto: as políticas públicas em Portugal e na União Europeia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30089.
Full textAbstract:
A igualdade de género no desporto ainda está longe de ser uma realidade, tanto em Portugal como na generalidade dos países da União Europeia, fruto de obstáculos e resistências de diversa natureza, que continuam a justificar investigação científica.
O principal objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar a situação atual das políticas públicas para a igualdade de género no desporto em Portugal e na União Europeia e prospetivar esta realidade no horizonte de 2030.
Desenvolveu-se uma investigação de cariz qualitativo, suportada empiricamente por entrevistas semiestruturadas a peritos/as em diversas áreas, sendo os dados tratados e analisados com uma técnica de «análise de conteúdo».
Os principais resultados mostram que têm existido mudanças significativas ao longo dos anos, mas não suficientes, no que respeita à igualdade de género no desporto, que o obstáculo mais difícil de ultrapassar está relacionado com o sexismo e os estereótipos de género e que a melhor forma de combater os obstáculos é através da educação e de medidas de ação positiva. Outra das conclusões prospetiva um cenário de otimismo moderado, que remete para um progressivo avanço a caminho da igualdade de género no desporto; Gender Equality in Sports: Public Policies in Portugal and in the European Union
Abstract:
Gender equality in sport is still far from being a reality, both in Portugal and in most European Union countries, as a result of multiple obstacles and resistances which continue to justify scientific research.
This study’s main objective was to analyze the current situation on public policies for gender equality in sport in Portugal and in the European Union, making a prospective to this reality in the horizon of 2030.
A qualitative investigation was developed, supported empirically by semi-structured interviews with experts in different areas. The data was treated and analyzed with a "content analysis" technique.
There have been significant changes over the years regarding to gender equality in sports, although they’re not enough. The most difficult obstacle to overcome is related to sexism and gender stereotypes and the best way to tackle existing obstacles is through education and positive action measures. Other conclusion is that the future will be of breakthrough in a perspective of moderate optimism, which lead us to a progressive advance towards gender equality in sports.
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Zorana, Antonijević. "Urodnjavanje javnih politika u Srbiji 2000‒2014: politike podrške porodici u kontekstu evropskih integracija." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Asocijacija centara za interdisciplinarne i multidisciplinarne studije i istraživanja, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107620&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U poslednjih tridesetak godina došlo je doznačajnog napretka u ostvarivanju rodneravnopravnosti i prava žena na svetskomnivou. Međutim, rodni jaz u oblastiekonomske i političke ravnopravnosti jošpredstavlja poseban izazov za globalnirazvoj, ravnopravnu raspodelu resursa, kao isprečavanje rodno zasnovanog nasilja idiskriminacije. Položaj žena u Srbiji pratipokazatelje na svetskom nivou i bez obzirana socijalističko nasleđe, učešće žena u javnojsferi rada i politike još uvek je veliki izazovza razvoj i modernizaciju društva, kao i zafeminističku teoriju i praksu.U teorijskom smislu teza se oslanja nafeminističku kritiku koncepta liberalnoggrađanstva i rodne podele rada na javnusferu koja pripada muškarcima, i privatnukoja pripada ženama. Praktične poslediceove podele utiču na položaj žena u javnoj, ali iprivatnoj sferi, uživanje prava naravnopravnost, život bez nasilja idiskriminacije. Upravo zato je tranformacijarodnog režima u sferi privatnosti i porodiceposeban izazov za sve aktere koji učestvuju ukreiranju javnih politika, jer mogu da utičuna menjanje patrijahalnih rodnih uloga iobrazaca, ali i na njihovo jačanje. Stogapolitike podrške porodici predstavljaju važanpredmet proučavanja rodnih teorija ifeminističke prakse, posebno u kontekstuslabljenja države blagostanja i redefinisanjakoncepta nege u globalnoj ekonomiji.U radu ispitujem načine na koji javne politikei zakonodavstvo u Srbiji od 2000. do 2014.regulišu rodne odnose u domenu porodičnogživota i na koji način te intervencijedoprinose rodnoj ravnopravnosti, odnosnosmanjenju rodne diskriminacije. Promene udiskursu i praksi politika podrške porodiciposmatram u periodu od četrnaest godina(2000‒2014), koji predstavlja početni perioddruštvene, političke i ekonomske tranzicije uSrbiji koja je diskurzivno neodvojiva odevropskih integracija.Politike podrške porodici predstavljajustrateške i zakonske mere kojima se regulišei olakšava roditeljstvo i briga o zavisnimčlanovima porodice (finansijske olakšice zaporodice sa decom, ostvarivanje prava ipristup različitim servisima brige i nege), kaoi mere koje regulišu tržište rada kako bi sepovećala zaposlenost i zaštitile porodice sadecom od nezaposlenosti i siromaštva(posebna zaštita trudnica, porodilja i majkisa decom, usklađivanje porodičnog iposlovnog života, roditeljsko odsustvo zbogbrige o detetu, fleksibilni oblici rada, ali imere zapošljavanja teško zapošljivihkategorija stanovništva u oblasti nege).U radu zastupam tezu da se procesformulisanja pravnog i strateškog okvirapolitika podrške porodici nalazi pod uticajemnekoliko faktora. Ti faktori su, pre svega,globalna neoliberalna ekonomska, društvenai politička tranzicija od države blagostanja kadržavi rada, kao i odgovora regionalnih(Evropska unija), odnosnolokalnih/poluperiferijskih (Srbija) rodnihrežima na ove procese. Stoga je fokus rodneanalize politika podrške porodici napotencijalnom „iskrivljavanju i proširivanju”značenja rodne ravnopravnosti (Lombardoet al., 2009), kao i u mehanizmimauključenosti i isključenosti „glasa“ pojedinihaktera u proces odlučivanja o specifičnimokvirima ovih politika.Takođe, kreiranje javnih politika u privatnojsferi posmatram i u okviru primene konceptainteresekcionalnosti (Crenshaw 1989) ikritičkih studija maskuliniteta (Hearn 2004).U istraživanju posebnu pažnju posvećujempreduslovima i kriterijumima primenestrategije urodnjavanja u kreiranju javnihpolitika (Verloo 2001). Kritički se osvrćem narecepciju i primenu strategije urodnjavanja uSrbiji, imajući u vidu njen transformativnipotencijal s jedne strane, a sa drugetehnokratsko-birokratski pristup kreatorapolitika i donosilaca odluka.U disertaciji posebno analiziram ko-optiranjeurodnjavanja sa drugim ciljevima javnihpolitika koje često ne moraju imati za ciljrodnu ravnopravnost, već na primer,konkurentnost na tržištu rada ili povećanjestope nataliteta. Primenu urodnjavanjaanalizirala sam u okviru koncepta državnogfeminizma (MacBride and Mazur 2010) iprocesa evropeizacije, a u kontekstu postkonfliktnog,post-socijalističkog društvapoluperiferije u Srbiji (Blagojević 2009).Disertacija nudi uvid u procese, institucije ikriterijume koje je potrebno ispuniti kako bise tranformisali rodni režimi i otklonilarodna diskriminacija i u privatnoj i javnojsferi. Rezultati istraživanja mogu biti odkoristi donosiocima odluka i kreatorimapolitika u primeni informisanih odlukaprilikom uobličavanja politika podrškeporodici u Srbiji.Over the past thirty years there has beensignificant progress in achieving genderequality and women's rights world-wide.However, the gender gap in the area ofeconomic and political equality still poses aspecial challenge to global development, theequal distribution of resources, and theprevention of gender-based violence anddiscrimination. The position of women inSerbia is part of this global trend andregardless of socialist history, women'sparticipation in the public sphere of work andpolitics is still a major challenge for thedevelopment and modernization of society, aswell as for feminist theory and practice.Theoretically, the thesis relies on a feministcritique of the concept of liberal citizenshipand the gender division of labor, where thepublic sphere is belonging to men, and privateto women. The practical consequences of thisdivision affect the position of women in thepublic as well as the private sphere, theenjoyment of the right to equality, life withoutviolence and discrimination. That is preciselywhy the transformation of the gender regimein the sphere of privacy and family is aparticular challenge for all actors involved inthe creation of public policies, as they caninfluence the changing or strengthening ofpatriarchal gender roles and patterns.Therefore, family support policies are animportant subject of the study of gendertheories and feminist practice, especially inthe context of the weakening of the welfarestate and the redefinition of the concept ofcare in the global economy.In the thesis, I am examining the ways inwhich public policies and legislation in Serbiaregulate gender relations in the domain offamily life from 2000 to 2014 and how theseinterventions contribute to gender equalityand to the reduction of gender discrimination.I study changes in discourse and practice offamily policies for a period of fourteen years(2000-2014), which represents the beginningof social, political and economic transition inSerbia that is discursively inseparable fromEuropean integration.Family policies are strategic and legalmeasures that regulate and facilitateparenting and care for dependent familymembers (financial relief for families withchildren, exercising rights and access tovarious care and care services), as well asmeasures regulating the labor market toincrease employment and protection offamilies with children from unemploymentand poverty (special protection of pregnantwomen, maternity and mothers with children,reconciliation of family and work life, parentalleave due to child care, flexible workingpractices, as well as employment measures ofhard-to-employ categories of population inthe field of care).In the dissertation, I argue that the process offormulating the legal and strategic frameworkof family policies in Serbia is under theinfluence of several factors. These factors are,above all, a global neoliberal economic, socialand political transition from the welfare stateto the workfare state, as well as the responsesof regional (European Union) and local /semi-peripherial (Serbia) gender regimes tothese processes. Therefore, the focus ofgender analysis in the dissertation is thefamily policy of supporting the family in thepotential "stretching and bending" of themeaning of gender equality (Lombardo et al.,2009), as well as in the mechanisms ofinclusion and exclusion of the "voice" ofindividual actors in the decision-makingprocess on the specific frameworks of thesepolicies. Also, the creation of public policies inthe private sphere is also seen within thetheoretical framework and practicalapplication of the concept of intersectionality(Crenshaw, 1989) and critical studies of menand masculinity (Hearn, 2004).In the dissertation, special attention is paid tothe preconditions and criteria of successfulimplementation of the gender mainstreamingin the creation of public policies (Verloo,2001). It reflects critically on the receptionand implementation of the gendermainstreaming in Serbia, bearing in mind itstransformative potential on the one hand, andon the other, the technocratic-bureaucraticapproach of policymakers and decisionmakers.In particular, the dissertation analyzes the cooptionof gender mainstreaming with otherpolicy outcomes that often do not have tohave as a goal gender equality, but forexample, labor market competitiveness or anincrease in the birth rate. Successfulapplication of the gender mainstraming wasspecifically analyzed within the concept ofstate feminism (MacBride and Mazur, 2010),the process of EU accession, and in the contextof the post-conflict, post-socialist semiperipherysociety in Serbia (Blagojević, 2009).The ultimate goal of the research is to supportdecision-makers and policy makers inimplementing informed decisions whenshaping family policies in Serbia. At the sametime, the disertation offers a useful insightinto the processes, institutions and criteriathat need to be met in order to transform thegender regimes and eliminate genderdiscrimination in the private and publicsphere.
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Beltrán, Varillas Cecilia Esperanza. "Equal opportunities policies for women and men: The analysis of the design of regional plans for equal opportunities in Peru between 2006-2010." Revista de Ciencia Política y Gobierno, 2014. http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/cienciapolitica/article/view/12539/13099.
Full textAbstract:
One of the principal objectives of equal opportunity plans for women and men is the reduction of gender gaps in accordance with the constitutional mandate of the right to equality and non-discrimination by sex. However, based on an analysis of seventeen regional plans between 2006 and 2010 we came to realize that the majority of such plans do not include elements that ensure their implementation in their design, and are therefore not actually capable of facilitating the reduction of gender gaps at the regional level.Uno de los principales objetivos de los planes de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres es la reducción de las brechas de género, ello de conformidad con el mandato constitucional del derecho a la igualdad y el principio de no discriminación por sexo. No obstante, del análisis realizado a diecisiete planes regionales de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres en el Perú, en el período 2006-2010, se puede identificar que, en su mayoría, no cuentan con elementos en su diseño que garanticen su implementación, y que en consecuencia no han contribuido a la reducción de las brechas de género en el ámbito regional.
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Edström, Charlotta. "Samma, lika, alla är unika : En analys av jämställdhet i förskolepolitik och praktik." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36969.
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The aim of this thesis is to describe, critically analyse and provide information about gender equality in Swedish preschools, in relation to policy and practice. The main focus is on pedagogues’ gender equality work with children. The study includes a comparison between state gender equality policy in Scottish and Swedish preschools. The theoretical starting point for the analysis is a policy and gender perspective. Based on Bacchis’ (1999) and Marshalls’ (1997) work suggesting that gender equality policy issues and problems are socially constructed, a contrasting analytical framework is devised and used in the analysis. The main emphasis in the analysis of gender equality constructions is on underlying assumptions, competing constructions and “areas of silence”, relating to what is missing from a gender perspective. There is also some consideration of the agreement between constructions and concrete measures. The time-period studied was from the end of the 1960s onwards; emphasis was placed on the last fifteen years. The main empirical data consists of: Swedish and Scottish state official policy documents and interviews with Scottish researchers; Swedish local authority official documents and interviews with local authority officials from four municipalities; and interviews with pedagogues from three work-teams in three preschools. This information is complemented with documentation about the preschools’ gender equality work. In state preschool policy, pedagogues are depicted both as part of the solution to the gender equality problem but also part of the problem because there are “too few men”. Local authorities consider that pedagogues need more knowledge about gender equality. The pedagogues themselves make a distinction between the past, when their treatment of children was founded on gender-based stereotypes, and the present, in which they are aware but need to keep up the work. In both Swedish preschool policy and practice, gender equality has mainly focused on treating girls and boys similarly, based on assumptions that this is desirable; and this is still the approach. This similarity discourse has been quite constant in Swedish state policy since the 1960s. One exception, however, was the attention to biological differences which gained influence in the mid 1990s in policies mainly relating to compulsory schooling. Gender equality is, with respect to both policy and practice, largely constructed as a pedagogical preschool issue. Discussions about wider society mainly concern the public sphere and the labour market, whilst the private sphere is seldom considered. Children are mainly positioned as “girls” or “boys” and as recipients of pedagogues’ gender equality measures. In general, little consideration is given to hierarchies and variations among groups of girls or boys, or about intersections between gender and other socially constructed categories. Intersections were most clearly visible in practice, especially in one preschool studied; they concern gender equality, age and space. Issues concerning power and gender order are usually missing, and there seems to be a clear influence of gender role theories. Even though there is clear current emphasis on increased similarities, there is a tension concerning whether gender equality is about treating everybody exactly the same, treating everybody in quite similar ways or treating children as unique individuals. This also involves a tension relating to whether gender equality concerns girls and boys as individuals, or as groups, or both. The study demonstrated that the emphasis on gender equality is stronger in the constructions than in concrete measures. In practice, work-teams’ discussions about gender equality were more nuanced than the somewhat compensatory methods that these practitioners applied during their work with the children.
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Inácio, Ana Cristina de Matos Azinheiro. "Das Políticas Públicas De Igualdade De Género Às Lideranças No Feminino - Um estudo aplicado ao Subsetor da Administração Pública Central." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21428.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasEm Portugal as políticas da igualdade de género tiveram início com a instauração da República e foram retomadas numa perspetiva mais alargada após 1974. Não obstante a sua evolução, dados estatísticos continuam a alertar-nos para o fato da dimensão de género não se encontrar plenamente implementada na Administração Pública Central do Estado existindo mais homens do que mulheres a ocupar os cargos de direção superior neste subsetor. Atendendo, designadamente, que este subsetor tem um papel de primeira linha na implementação das políticas públicas, considerou-se da maior relevância estudar que fatores continuam a contribuir para a não paridade de género no que toca às lideranças. Estabelecemos, assim, como objetivo geral da presente dissertação, identificar e analisar que fatores, na perspetiva dos dirigentes superiores da Administração Pública Central, determinam a sub-representatividade das mulheres nesses cargos. Além de se revisitarem as principais políticas desenvolvidas e de se efetuar um enquadramento teórico em torno dos conceitos e dimensões teóricas em análise, desenvolveu-se uma estratégia de investigação em redor da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a 105 dirigentes em cargos de direção superior que nos permitisse saber que fatores, explícitos e latentes, ainda subsistem, como entraves, à ascensão das mulheres. Para tal foi efetuada a análise descritiva dos dados, seguindo-se uma análise fatorial exploratória, com recurso ao programa estatístico SPSS, versão 25. Concluímos que, não obstante a implementação de políticas públicas de igualdade de género e da evolução da cultura social e organizacional, os obstáculos são ainda, em larga medida, justificados pelo fato dos homens reunirem melhores condições de progressão na carreira do que as mulheres, sendo detentores de maior disponibilidade de tempo que canalizam para o desenvolvimento habilitacional e profissional. As mulheres em desfavor da sua evolução profissional, continuam a canalizar muito do seu tempo para a família e tarefas domésticas.
In Portugal, gender equality policies began with the establishment of the Republic and were resumed in a broader perspective after 1974. Despite the evolution, statistical data continue to alert us to the fact that the gender dimension is not fully implemented in the Central Public Administration of the State with more men than women occupying senior management positions in this subsetor. Taking into account, namely, that this sub-setor has a leading role in the implementation of public policies, it was considered of the greatest relevance to study what factors continue to contribute to gender non-parity with respect to leadership. Thus, we established, as a general objective of the present dissertation, to identify and analyze what factors, from the perspective of the top managers of the central public administration, determine the underrepresentation of women in these positions. In addition to revisiting the main policies developed and carrying out a theoretical framework around the concepts and theoretical dimensions under analysis, an investigation strategy was developed around the application of a questionnaire survey to 105 managers in senior management positions that would allow us to know what factors, explicit and latent, still exist, as obstacles, to the rise of women. For this purpose, a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, followed by an exploratory factor analysis, using the statistical program SPSS, version 25. We conclude that, despite the implementation of public policies of gender equality and the evolution of social and organizational culture, the obstacles are still, to a large extent, justified by the fact that men have better conditions for career development than women, being holders of more time available that channel to the qualification and professional development. Women, to the detriment of their professional development, continue to channel much of their time to family and household chores.
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Acosta, Sarmiento Ana. "Las políticas de Igualdad de Género en la Universidad Española: un estudio de estructuras y planes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460821.
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Tot i les accions desenvolupades per assolir la igualtat de gènere en els camps científics, tecnològics i acadèmics, aquesta continua sent una matèria pendent. En el cas de les Universitats espanyoles, des de l'entrada en vigor de la Llei Orgànica 3/2007 per a la igualtat efectiva de dones i homes, i la Llei Orgànica 4/2007, per la qual es modifica la Llei Orgànica 6/2001, d’Universitats, es obligatòria la creació d'estructures i planes d'igualtat, els quals constitueixen una via important, però no suficient, per aconseguir la igualtat en aquest àmbit. La present tesi doctoral fa una anàlisi de l'evolució i estat actual de les accions desenvolupades per les universitats en temes d'igualtat en els últims deu anys. La metodologia d'investigació emprada va consistir en entrevistes estratègic-exploratòries a expertes en les àrees d'interès i, en una segona fase, es van desenvolupar entrevistes a responsables d'estructures d'igualtat i anàlisi de contingut dels planes d'igualtat analitzats a través de tècniques quantitatives, qualitatives i d'estudi de xarxes. Les dades obtingudes mostren que hi ha una gran diversitat de ritmes i formes d'implementació a les universitats espanyoles, determinades per la conjuntura política de la universitat, pressuposts destinats, compromís de l'estructura universitària i característiques de les xarxes de contacte. Un element determinant per impulsar-les poden ser les xarxes intra i interuniversitàries i amb altres organismes i institucions, així com la transversalitat efectiva de les accions, les quals no es trobeni prou desenvolupades en l'actualitat.A pesar de las acciones desarrolladas para alcanzar la igualdad de género en los campos científicos, tecnológicos y académicos, ésta continúa siendo una materia pendiente. En el caso de las Universidades españolas, desde la entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica 3/2007 para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres, y la Ley Orgánica 4/2007, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 6/2001, de Universidades, es obligatoria la creación de estructuras y planes de igualdad, lo que constituyen una vía importante, pero no suficiente, para conseguir la igualdad en este ámbito. La presente tesis doctoral realiza un análisis de la evolución y estado actual de las acciones desarrolladas por las universidades en temas de igualdad en los últimos 10 años. La metodología de investigación empleada consistió en entrevistas estratégico-exploratorias a expertas en las áreas de interés y en una segunda fase se desarrollaron entrevistas a responsables de estructuras de igualdad y análisis de contenido de los planes de igualdad analizados a través de técnicas cuantitativas, cualitativas y de estudio de redes. Los datos arrojan que existe una gran diversidad de ritmos y formas de implementación en las universidades españolas, determinadas por la coyuntura política de la universidad, destinación de presupuesto, compromiso de la estructura universitaria y características de las redes de contacto. Uno de elementos determinantes para su impulso pueden ser las redes intra e interuniversitarias y con otros organismos e instituciones, así como la transversalidad efectiva de las acciones, las cuales no se encuentran suficientemente desarrolladas en la actualidad.
Despite the actions undertaken to achieve gender equality in the scientific, technological and academic fields, gender equality remains an unresolved issue. In Spain, universities have been obliged to create structures and equality plans in this area since the entry into force of Organic Law 3/2007 on the effective equality of women and men, and Organic Law 4/2007, which amended Organic Law 6/2001 on Universities. While these are important pathways to achieving equality in this area, they are also insufficient. This doctoral thesis analyses the development and current state of the actions taken by universities in relation to equality issues over the last ten years. The first phase of the research methodology comprised strategic-exploratory interviews with experts in the areas of interest. In the second phase, discussions were held with those responsible for equality structures, and the contents of the equality plans were analysed using quantitative and qualitative techniques and network study. The data reveal the wide diversity in the pace and means by which these equality plans have been implemented in Spanish universities, which are determined by the university’s political climate, budget allocation, the commitment of its structure, and the characteristics of its contact networks. Potential factors for boosting gender equality are the creation of intra- and inter-university networks, the establishment of networks with other agencies and institutions, and the mainstreaming of actions implemented to promote gender equality, which are currently under-developed.
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Pinheiro, Mariana da Cunha Pereira Ramos. "Políticas e práticas promotoras da igualdade de género nas organizações : o efeito do reconhecimento público." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19094.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosA Comissão para a Igualdade no Trabalho e no Emprego (CITE) tem atribuído o Prémio Igualdade é Qualidade (PIQ) desde 2000 a empresas/entidades empregadoras. Em 2009, o Prémio passou a ser atribuído conjuntamente com a Comissão para a Cidadania e Igualdade de Género (CIG). O PIQ tem por objetivo o reconhecimento público das empresas e outras entidades empregadoras que, para além do cumprimento das disposições legais relativas à igualdade de género e não discriminação, apresentam políticas exemplares nas áreas da igualdade entre mulheres e homens no trabalho, no emprego, na formação profissional, na conciliação entre a vida familiar e profissional e práticas empresariais de prevenção e combate à violência doméstica e de género. A partir de um estudo integrado no projeto Women on Boards: An Integrative Approach/ Mulheres nos Órgãos de Gestão das Empresas: Uma Abordagem Integrada - (Refª PTDC/SOC-ASO/29895/2017), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia e pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) através de fundos nacionais (PIDDAC) e acolhido institucionalmente pelo SOCIUS-CSG/ISEG-ULisboa, que recai sobre as 41 organizações distinguidas até ao momento, a presente dissertação procura apresentar os principais resultados, questionando em que medida o reconhecimento público, materializado na atribuição de um prémio, tem efeitos na consolidação e sustentabilidade de políticas e práticas de Gestão de Recursos Humanos que promovem a igualdade de género.
The Commission for Equality at Work and Employment (CITE) has been awarding the "Equality is Quality" Prize since 2000 to employers/employment entities. In 2009, the Comission for Citizenship and Gender Equality (CIG) joined with the Commission for Equality at Work and Employment (CITE) and together they have been awarding the employers/employment entities until the present day. The main goal of the PIQ is the public recognition of companies and other employement entities who, in addition to complying with the legal provisions on gender equality and non-discrimination, have exemplary policies regarding equality between women and men at work, in employment, in professional training, in balancing family and professional life and business practices to prevent and combat domestic and gender violence. From a study, integrated in the Women on Boards project: "An Integrative Approach" (Ref PTDC/SOC-ASO/ 29895/2017), funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology and by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) through national funds (PIDDAC) and institutionally hosted by the SOCIUS-CSG / ISEG-ULisboa, which focus on the 41 awarded organizations so far, this dissertation aims to present the main results, questioning to what extent public recognition has impact on the consolidation and sustainability of Human Resources Management policies and practices that promote gender equality.
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Rodrigues, Manoela Carpenedo. "Quando a resistência se torna política pública : analisando a produção de subjetividade(s) nas políticas de equidade de gênero no campo do trabalho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/33315.
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Partindo de uma perspectiva Foucaultiana, este estudo analisa a formação e a institucionalização do enunciado de igualdade de gênero e seus posteriores efeitos na produção de políticas públicas para as mulheres no Brasil. Dessa maneira, descreveu-se de que forma alguns dos discursos feministas puderam ser integrados dentro das políticas públicas do Estado brasileiro especialmente no que se refere ao entrecruzamento da dimensão de gênero e o campo do trabalho. Através desse exercício foi possível pensar de que modo os enunciados feministas transformaram-se em uma determinada forma de conduzir a população, na perspectiva da Governamentalidade, produzindo modos específicos de subjetivação para as mulheres trabalhadoras no Brasil. Em um primeiro momento, o estudo oferece uma análise genealógica que abarca a institucionalização e a internacionalização de algumas premissas feministas. Aborda-se de que modo algumas dessas propostas entraram no bojo de ações do Estado brasileiro. Subsequentemente, o estudo propõe uma análise crítica acerca das propostas das políticas de igualdade de gênero no Brasil enfocando, sobretudo, as intervenções que entrecruzam as dimensões de gênero e trabalho. A análise aponta para a dominância dos discursos feministas mais moderados dentro do conjunto destas propostas. A partir disto, demonstram-se algumas das incoerências e limitações da premissa geral de igualdade que são produzidas no interior destas políticas. Entre elas é importante sublinhar a reiteração da norma de gênero em muitas das estratégias de intervenção das políticas para as mulheres no Brasil. Na medida que estas estratégias não desafiam e/ou desestabilizam a norma de gênero, vemos a repetição de determinados regimes de gênero que podem ser considerados como uma reiteração das hierarquias de gênero, as quais bloqueiam o próprio ideal de igualdade de gênero.Starting from a Foucauldian perspective, this study seeks to analyze the establishment and the following institutionalization of gender equality statement. By problematizing this specific statement, we were able to trace the impact of this notion on the production of gender equality policies in Brazil - focusing on the relevant field of work and gender production. In this sense, we explored the way by which some feminist discourses could be incorporated in the set of public strategies developed by the Brazilian State. Through this exercise, we could think how these feminist statements influenced the population’s “conduction” (governamentality paradigm); producing, as a result, specific subjectivities for Brazilian working women. In the first part of the study, we proposed a genealogical analysis which demonstrates the process of institutionalization and internationalization of some feminist premises. Connected to this, we explored the way by which some of these feminist discourses could integrate some State’s governmental actions in Brazil. Subsequently, the study uses critical lenses to analyze gender equality policies in Brazil, again the main focus were public strategies that specifically deal with gender inequality in the work field. The analysis suggests that there is a dominance of a moderate feminist point of view within these policies. Taking this element into consideration, we demonstrate how these premises embedded in these public policies for women could produce incoherencies and limitations for the general premise of gender equality. It is important to stress the reiteration of gender norms within these strategies. By not problematizing and/or destabilizing gender norms, we see the repetition of old gender regimes regarding gender equality policies in Brazil. Therefore, these strategies often reiterate gender hierarchies which are able to obstruct the gender equality ideal.
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Machado, Monica Sapucaia. "A lei de cotas no Poder Legislativo : uma análise da representação feminina na política partidária brasileira." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1114.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-28This work sought to examine the electoral quotas as a public policy, through the analysis of the Brazilian laws in force, the literature and official data on the participation of women in positions of power, especially in the Brazilian legislat ive power. First of all, we analyzed the right to equality and its variations, as well as the mechanisms to enforce it, with emphasis on affirmative action. We also analyzed the legitimacy of affirmative action to protect the rights of minorities, especially women in positions of power. The regulatory instruments of the electoral quota policy were evaluated, seeking to unravel the difficulties arising from the legal framework of public policy. This paper brought to the spotlight the mechanisms used to implement the policy and possible ways o reduce inequality between men and women in Brazilian politics and the results of women s participation in Brazilian elections since the implementation of affirmative action electoral quotas. In order to do it, we analyzed documents and bibliographies on the right of women, the importance of women's political participation to democracy and electoral quotas on Brazilian politics, as well as official data on election results since 1996. From this research , we concluded that, although important steps have been taken to promote gender equality in Brazil, there is still much to achieve , especially on women's participation in politics.
A partir de estudo bibliográfico e análise de dados oficiais sobre a participação das mulheres nos espaços de poder, em especial no legislativo brasileiro, buscou-se analisar a política pública de cotas eleitorais, por meio da análise das leis que vigorara m e vigoram sobre o tema. Iniciou-se analisando o direito a igualdade e suas vertentes, assim como os mecanismos para efetivar esse direito, com ênfase nas ações afirmativas. Passou-se então analisar a legitimidade das ações afirmativas na proteção dos direitos das minorias, em especial das mulheres nos espaços de poder. Avaliaram-se os instrumentos normativos da política de cotas eleitorais, buscando desvendar as dificuldades oriundas da estrutura legal da política pública. Por meio de análise dos resultados da participação das mulheres nas eleições brasileiras desde a implantação da ação afirmativa de cotas eleitorais, problematizou-se sobre os mecanismos utilizados para implantar a política e os caminhos possíveis para diminuir a desigualdade entre homens e mulheres na política brasileira. Para tanto, foram analisados documentos e bibliografias sobre o direito das mulheres, a importância da participação política das mulheres para a democracia e sobre política de cotas eleitorais brasileira, bem como dados oficiais sobre os resultados eleitorais desde 1996. De tal análise, concluiu-se que, embora importantes passos tenham sido dados para a promoção da igualdade de gênero no Brasil, muito há ainda que avançar, especialmente na participação das mulheres na política.
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Mehadji, Meriem. "Les politiques culturelles et le processus de développement dans le monde arabe : analyse d’une série d’indicateurs." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D005/document.
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En 2010, le bilan sur les objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD) a révélé que l’ensemble des pays ainsi que les différents acteurs impliqués dans ce processus devaient redoubler leurs efforts afin de mettre en place des projets adaptés à la nature des diverses sociétés. À cet effet, la question de la « culture » s’est imposée comme un facteur évident et inhérent à l’accomplissement de ces objectifs. C’est dans ce cadre que se pose notre problématique de recherche à travers une zone géostratégique qui subit de grands bouleversements au niveau politique, économique et social. De cette manière, la culture peut-elle constituer un élément de base dans les programmes de développement entrepris dans les États arabes ? Cette présente thèse s’achemine à travers trois principales étapes. D’abord l’intégration de la culture dans ce processus en tant que secteur à part entière. Ensuite, les moyens et les méthodes utilisés par les différents acteurs engagés et concernés par le domaine de la culture dans les pays arabes. Enfin, les indicateurs spécifiques à la région à travers lesquels apparaissent les limites, mais également le potentiel des États arabes. Pour finir, cette démarche fait office de défrichement, car le développement à travers le secteur culturel reste peu exploité dans le monde arabe. Toutefois, les changements qui s’opèrent depuis quelques années dans la région peuvent conduire à une véritable reconsidération du secteur culturel et de sa relation avec le processus de développementIn 2010, the appraisal of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) indicated that all the countries and the different actors involved in this process should underlay their efforts to implement projects adapted to the nature of the various societies. To this end, the issue of "culture" has emerged as an obvious and inherent factor in achieving these goals.Our research issue raises in this context through a geostrategic area which undergoes great changes in the political, economic and social level. Thus, can the culture constitute a basic element in the development programs undertaken in the Arab States? The present thesis is developed through three main stages. First, the integration of culture in this process as a real sector. Then, the means and methods used by the different actors involved and concerned with the field of culture in the Arab countries. Finally, specific indicators related to the region which could show the limits, but also the potential of Arab States.This approach acts as clearing, insofar as the development through cultural sector remains largely untapped in the Arab world. However, the changes occurring in recent years in the region can lead to a genuine reconsideration of the cultural sector and its relationship with the development process
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Tanquerel, Sabrina. "Dépasser la norme sexuée des politiques d'équilibre vie professionnelle - vie personnelle en entreprise pour construire l'égalité professionnelle femmes-hommes : analyse de deux contextes contrastés : la France et l'Espagne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB020/document.
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Ce travail de recherche doctorale a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le lien entre politiques d’équilibre vie professionnelle- vie personnelle et égalité femmes-hommes en entreprise. Il s’attache à comprendre comment ces dispositifs influencent la norme sexuée.En mobilisant le cadre théorique des représentations sociales, notre investigation s’appuie sur deux études de cas approfondies, avec 44 entretiens semi-directifs « outil majeur de repérage des représentations » (Abric, 2011), comme méthode principale de collecte de données. Nous avons choisi de mener ces études dans deux pays différents : la France et l’Espagne, en raison de leur approche contrastée de la question de la conciliation : plutôt traditionnelle pour la France, plutôt intrusive et individualisée pour l’Espagne.Les résultats mettent en lumière l’hétérogénéité et le caractère sexué des représentations des salariés vis-à-vis des politiques d’équilibre, celles-ci apparaissent aussi fortement liées à la figure du manager et à son style de management. La catégorisation des représentations (progressistes/ traditionnalistes/ neutres et hostiles) contribue à comprendre leur influence sur l’égalité, et fait apparaître que la prise de conscience des inégalités –plus forte chez les salariés espagnols- est une condition préalable vers une conciliation égalitaireThis PhD research aims at better understanding the link between work life balance policies and gender equality in the workplace. The objective is to understand how these measures can influence sexual roles division at work.By referring to the theoretical framework of social perceptions, our work is based on two main case studies, with 44 semi-oriented interviews “major tool to identify perceptions”, as the main method to collect data. We chose to conduct the two case studies in two different countries: France and Spain, because of their contrasted approach towards work life balance topic: rather traditional for France, more intrusive and individualized for Spain.The results highlight the heterogeneity and the gendered character of the employees’ perceptions of work life balance policies; those ones also appear to be strongly connected to the manager behavior and its management style. The categorization of perceptions (progressist/ traditionalist/ neutral/ hostile) contributes to a better understanding of their influence on gender equality, and reveals that inequalities awareness –stronger amongst Spanish employees- is a prior condition for a more equal work life balance
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Rabier, Serge. "Une ambition pour le développement : l'approche genre, la santé et les droits sexuels et reproductifs dans l'aide publique au développement de la Suède : stratégies, politiques et programmes (1994-2014)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB170.
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Les questions de genre, de santé et droits sexuels et reproductifs et de développement ont depuis plus de deux décennies pris une place grandissante à la fois chez les théoriciens et les praticiens du développement, chercheurs, institutions nationales et internationales, organisations non gouvernementales et experts des agences de développement. La Suède a joué un rôle déterminant dans l'évolution de cet agenda global. Parmi les plus grands contributeurs d'Aide Publique au Développement, la Suède est le pays qui a le plus intégré les perspectives de genre et de droits au coeur de son dispositif d'aide internationale. Le cycle des grandes conférences onusiennes des années 1990, qui font de l'égalité femmes- hommes à la fois une condition et un moyen pour atteindre un développement humain durable a été l'occasion pour la Suède de s'affirmer comme une puissance d'influence de premier ordre. L'examen des facteurs déterminants dans l'histoire suédoise (références culturelles, politiques, sociales) ainsi qu'une lecture critique des textes fondateurs depuis 1994 (déclarations politiques, lois, documents stratégiques et de communication, évaluations programmatiques) mettent en valeur l'apport original de l'aide publique suédoise qui, au-delà de la dimension massive de son volume, révèle le caractère fondamentalement anthropologique et politique du développement et rappelle que la mondialisation ne saurait ignorer le questionnement croissant autour des inégalités, en particulier genréesFor the last twenty years, Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and Development issues have been at the heart of a growing trend of interest from both development thinkers and practitioners, researchers, international and national institutions, non governmental organisations, and experts from development agencies. Sweden has played a key role in the evolution of this global agenda. Among the major Overseas Development Assistance contributors, Sweden has proven to be one of the "like-minded" countries, which has integrated the gender perspective and the rights perspective at the very heart of its ODA mechanisms. The cycle of 1990's UN conferences, which has promoted gender equality as both a condition and a mean to achieve a sustainable human development was the occasion for Sweden to take a clear leadership as an influential "soft power". The analysis of decisive factors in the Swedish history (cultural, political and social references) as well as a critical reading of founding documents since 1994 (political statements, bills and laws, strategic/planning and communication papers, program evaluations) shows the original contribution of Swedish ODA, which beyond its remarkable amount, reveals the anthropological and political fundamentals of development and recalls that globalisation should not ignore the growing demands around inequalities, in particular gender inequalities
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Varetta, Floriane. "L'égalité Femmes/Hommes dans les politiques sportives : l’interministérialité en question." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS548/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le monde sportif apparaît souvent comme un miroir grossissant de la société. Il peut être ainsi considéré comme un analyseur particulièrement pertinent des processus de construction du genre et des rapports sociaux de sexe dans les sociétés contemporaines. L’institution sportive, d’abord créée par des hommes pour des hommes, demeure particulièrement rétive à laisser plus de place aux femmes. Les institutions se féminisent mais le plafond de verre perdure.Les politiques pour l’égalité en France ont d’abord été sectorielles (droits civiques, droits à disposer de son corps, égalité professionnelle, etc.). Il en est de même en Europe où l’article 119 du traité de Rome pose le principe de l’égalité par une politique « pour le marché » (égalité de rémunération entre travailleurs féminins et masculins). A partir des années 90, la persistance des inégalités pousse l’Europe vers une autre approche de l’égalité, notamment au travers de sa prise en compte dans l’ensemble des politiques (approche globale et intégrée : gendermainstreaming). La France, en tant qu’État-membre, se devait d’intégrer l’acquis communautaire.La nomination en 2012 du premier gouvernement paritaire de l’histoire de la République (17 hommes et 17 femmes) et le rétablissement d’un ministère des Droits des femmes de plein exercice a montré l’engagement de l’État Français dans une nouvelle étape de mise en œuvre de la politique de l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes. En s’inspirant du modèle européen, l’interministérialité comme renouveau des politiques publiques s’est déclinée depuis cette date. Entre 2012 et 2017, la thématique des Droits des femmes a fluctué entre ministère de plein exercice et secrétariat d’État. La loi du 4 août 2014 inscrit le principe d’égalité au cœur des politiques sportives notamment au travers de deux articles (article 56 relative à la protection des personnes victimes de violences et à la lutte contre les atteintes à la dignité dans le domaine de la communication - article 63 sur l’égal accès des femmes et des hommes aux responsabilités professionnelles et sportives).La thèse étudie les conditions, les instruments et les acteurs de la synergie interministérielle et son impact sur les politiques sportives. Elle analyse les plans de féminisation des fédérations afin de repérer la rentabilité différenciée de chacune d’entre elles à investir la thématique. Elle prend appui sur un audit territorial (département de Seine-et-Marne) afin de rendre compte des processus opérants de cette politique : logique descendante de la politique nationale (valorisation des plans de féminisation) ou logique expérimentale (éruptions ou plus rarement innovations locales)The Sport world is often described as a magnifying glass of society. The sport world may be considered as an extremely relevant analytical tool to describe the socialization process and the gender relations between women and men in contemporary societies. The Sport institution founded for men and by men is particularly reluctant to make women play a much more prominent role. Although women become more prominent in several sectors, the glass ceiling is still very apparent.The gender equality policies in France have been sectoral (civil rights, the right of control over one’s own body, professional equality…). It is the same in Europe where Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome poses equality from a market policy point of view (equal remuneration for work of equal value for female and male). Since the 90’s, the reality of social inequalities persisting over time has led Europe to another approach regarding equality, in particular by taking into account all the government policies (global and integrated approach: gendermainstreaming). France, as a member state shall integrate “acquis-communitarian”.In 2012, the nomination of the first Government respecting parity in the Republic history (17 men and 17 women) and the restoration of the Women rights Ministry demonstrated French Government commitment for a new step for the equality between women and men. Inspired by the European model, inter-ministeriality have been applied as a renewal of public policies. Until 2017, Women’s rights thematic has fluctuated between full-exercise Ministry and and State secretariat. The 4 August 2014 law represents the equality principle in the center of the Sport Policies, in particular through two articles (Article 56 regarding the protection of victims of violence and the fight against human dignity violation in the communication domain – Article 63 on the equal access for women and men to sport and professional responsibilities).The thesis investigates the conditions, tools and actors of the inter-ministerial synergy and their impact on Sport related policies. It analyses the feminization plan of federations in order to evaluate the differentiated profitability of each of them to invest the thematic. It takes support on a territory-related audit (Seine-et-Marne department) to account for the operating process of this politic: top-down logic from the national policy (feminization plan valorization) or experimental logic (eruptions or more rarely local innovations)