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Journal articles on the topic 'Gender fluid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

Alfrey, Lauren, and France Winddance Twine. "Gender-Fluid Geek Girls." Gender & Society 31, no. 1 (2016): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243216680590.

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How do technically-skilled women negotiate the male-dominated environments of technology firms? This article draws upon interviews with female programmers, technical writers, and engineers of diverse racial backgrounds and sexual orientations employed in the San Francisco tech industry. Using intersectional analysis, this study finds that racially dominant (white and Asian) women, who identified as LGBTQ and presented as gender-fluid, reported a greater sense of belonging in their workplace. They are perceived as more competent by male colleagues and avoided microaggressions that were routine among conventionally feminine, heterosexual women. We argue that a spectrum of belonging operates in these occupational spaces dominated by men. Although white and Asian women successfully navigated workplace hostilities by distancing themselves from conventional heterosexual femininity, this strategy reinforces inequality regimes that privilege male workers. These findings provide significant theoretical insights about how race, sexuality, and gender interact to reproduce structural inequalities in the new economy.

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Little, Blake. "Fluid." Public 31, no. 62 (2020): 109–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public_00041_1.

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Stories of expressions of trans, gender fluid, non-binary, Two Spirit, and other diverse gender identities circulate widely, adding to a complex and oft-times challenging web of shifting societal responses to gender. My photographic eye is guided by an aesthetic of simplicity, distillation & clarity. I want to apply this eye to make visible the many ways we read photographs and their subject matter (imagined and real) but particularly via a collaborative process as filtered through the voices of the people who posed for these photographs. Transgender identification, representation and image dissemination increasingly occupy the collective imagination and are reinforced by media headlines. Even as more and more trans, gender fluid, non-binary, and Two Spirit people are coming out in the public eye, the act of realizing/representing/revealing/ exposing/ exhibiting oneself through photography is a brave act, a form of defiance for a new wave of gender fluid pioneers reclaiming a broader live presence and virtual presence via social media. In the process, difference is being normalized.

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Nikolaeva, A. Yu, Yu A. Burdukova, O. S. Alekseeva, I. E. Rzhanova, and V. S. Britova. "Gender Aspect of Fluid Intelligence Diagnostics." Клиническая и специальная психология 9, no. 4 (2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090405.

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The study of fluid intelligence has a long history. The term “fluid intelligence” was proposed by R. Cattell in the 40s of the last century. According Cattell, fluid intelligence, along with crystallized intelligence, were fundamental factors in the structure of intelligence. With the further development of psychological science and the improvement of data analysis methods, other schemes of cognitive abilities were proposed, however, almost all of them included fluid intelligence as one of the main factor. In many studies the connection of fluid intelligence, working memory and the prefrontal cortex was demonstrated, the influence of fluid intelligence on the success of learning was proved. However, the question about gender differences in fluid intelligence is still open. In the presented study, two tests were selected for the diagnosis of fluid intelligence – Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 5th edition – WISC–V and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children – 2nd edition KABC–II. Both of these tests contain fluid intelligence scales. In the WISC–V, the Fluid Reasoning Index includes two subtests: Matrix Reasoning, Figure Weights; in the KABC–II, the Gf Scale also consists of two subtests: Story Completion and Pattern Reasoning. The sample include 48 children. The average age was 9,5 years, 52% were boys. All children passed both intelligence tests completely. Comparison of the test results did not reveal gender differences in the fluid intelligence index. However, the correlation structure of the results of both tests was different in the group of boys compared with the group of girls (in the group of boys, significantly more relationships were found out than in the group of girls), which confirms the hypothesis that the structure of fluid intelligence is dependent on gender.

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Drugan, A., J. Murphy, Y. Yaron, et al. "Gender differences in amniotic fluid AFP." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 176, no. 1 (1997): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(97)80359-6.

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5

Lamari, Lou, and Pauline Greenhill. "Double Trouble: Gender Fluid Heroism in American Children’s Television." Open Cultural Studies 5, no. 1 (2021): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2020-0127.

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Abstract Gender fluidity makes only rare appearances on North American television, and remains almost completely absent from programming for children. In contrast, transgender characters are making inroads into mainstream North American TV for adults. Still, media depictions of transgender people in the late 1990s and early 2000s have largely shown them as aberrations, having illegible and/or unstable identities, joining mainstream Euro North American society which tends to medicalize and pathologize transgender identities. Thus, too often the representation provided serves only to reinforce binaries by making the character exceptional and noting their unconventionality, or to highlight gender fluidity as a problem. Examining the animated streaming TV series She-Ra and the Princesses of Power (2018–2020), we use scholarship on gender fluidity to critique the show’s representations of genders in addition to and beyond male and female. Looking at She-Ra through this lens, the show challenges assumptions about princesses, villains, helpers, and heroes. Ultimately transgressing traditional categories, the princesses and their allies, in their own distinct embodiments and self-presentations, use their differing magical and other skills to fight enemies in the Evil Horde to protect their planet, Etheria.

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6

Kooijman, Edgar E., Stephanie R. Kuzenko, Denghuang Gong, Michael D. Best, and Hans G. Folkesson. "Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate stimulates alveolar epithelial fluid clearance in male and female adult rats." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 301, no. 5 (2011): L804—L811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00445.2010.

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Cell membrane phospholipids, like phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI( 4 , 5 )P2], can regulate epithelial Na channel (ENaC) activity. Gender differences in lung ENaC expression have also been demonstrated. However, the effects in vivo on alveolar fluid clearance are uncertain. Thus PI( 4 , 5 )P2 effects on alveolar fluid clearance were studied in male and female rats. An isosmolar 5% albumin solution was intrapulmonary instilled; alveolar fluid clearance was studied for 1 h. Female rats had a 37 ± 19% higher baseline alveolar fluid clearance than male rats. Bilateral ovariectomy attenuated this gender difference. Compared with controls, PI( 4 , 5 )P2 instillation (300 μM) increased alveolar fluid clearance by ∼93% in both genders. Amiloride or the specific αENaC small-interfering RNA inhibited baseline and PI( 4 , 5 )P2-stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in both genders, indicating a dependence on amiloride-sensitive pathways. The fraction of amiloride inhibition was greater in PI( 4 , 5 )P2-instilled rats (male: 64 ± 10%; female: 70 ± 11%) than in controls (male: 30 ± 6%; female: 44 ± 8%). PI( 4 , 5 )P2 instillation lacked additional alveolar fluid clearance stimulation above that of terbutaline, nor did propranolol inhibit alveolar fluid clearance after PI( 4 , 5 )P2 instillation, indicating that PI( 4 , 5 )P2 stimulation was not secondary to endogenous β-adrenoceptor activation. PI( 4 , 5 )P2 amine instillation resulted in an intermediate alveolar fluid clearance stimulation, suggesting that, to reach maximal alveolar fluid clearance stimulation, PI( 4 , 5 )P2 must reside in cell membranes. In summary, PI( 4 , 5 )P2 instillation upregulated in vivo alveolar fluid clearance similar to short-term β-adrenoceptor upregulation of alveolar fluid clearance. PI( 4 , 5 )P2 stimulation was mediated partly by increased amiloride-sensitive Na transport. There exist important gender-related effects suggesting a female advantage that may have clinical implications for resolution of acute lung injury.

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Poggi, SH, CY Spong, A. Ghidini, and M. Ossandon. "Gender differences in amniotic fluid cytokine levels." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 15, no. 6 (2004): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767050410001727396.

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8

Bordeau, Catherine. "Gender and Universal Fluid in Théophile Gautier." French Forum 32, no. 1 (2008): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frf.2008.0021.

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9

Ponce, M. J. "Fluid Masculinities." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 19, no. 2 (2013): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-1957258.

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10

Budin, Stephanie Lynn. "Sex and Gender and Sex." Mare Nostrum 11, no. 1 (2020): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v11i1p1-59.

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This article challenges some of the prevailing notions pertaining to non-binary sex and fluid gender in modern academia. Beginning with a look at the history of the sex vs. gender debate, it turns to the study of genetics to determine how binary sex is, overturning many current beliefs about the biological bases of multiple sexes. It then considers four case studies of so-called fluid gender in world history—Mesopotamian women as men, Albanian virgjinéshē, and Indian devadāsīs and sādhini—which show that these apparently “male women” never lose their feminine gender in spite of provisional male prerogatives. In all cases, it is their sexuality that ties them to their gender. The article ends with a consideration of how unreflective adoption of non-binary sex and fluid gender undermines the goals of feminism.

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11

Moser, Charles, and Maura Devereux. "The Medical Management of Gender Dysphoric, Gender Fluid, Gender Nonconforming, Gender Queer, Nonbinary, and Transgender Patients: One Clinic’s Approach." Current Sexual Health Reports 11, no. 4 (2019): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11930-019-00221-y.

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12

Zamani-Gallaher, Eboni M. "Conflating Gender and Identity: The Need for Gender-Fluid Programming in Community Colleges." New Directions for Community Colleges 2017, no. 179 (2017): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cc.20265.

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13

Martin, Maryanne. "Gender formation and fluidity." Early Years Educator 23, no. 14 (2022): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2022.23.14.34.

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Gender formation is not simple, in fact Maryanne shares with us that it is a fluid process, and for children in the early years this can be particularly challenging to not only experience but also navigate for themselves. This is the first article in a series looking at research into young children's experiences of gender.

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14

Moore, Amber. "“The term “all genders” would be more appropriate”: Reflections on teaching trauma literature to a gender fluid youth." Language and Literacy 21, no. 1 (2019): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29362.

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This paper reflects on a qualitative case study where a trauma text was taught in high school English for the purposes of analyzing students’ written responses. One gender fluid participant provided particularly compelling ideas and impressions; as such, this project revisits this data. Because self-defined identities are important (Zamani-Gallaher, 2017) and there is a lack of understanding of LGBTQ school experiences (Ressler & Chase, 2009), this paper aims to address this gap. Using intersectional feminism and narrative inquiry, this study finds that the gender fluid participant positioned themselves as ‘the equity person’ (Ahmed, 2017) through ally and accomplice work.

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Thijs, Roland D., Maaike Bruijnzeels, Adriaan M. Kamper, Arjan D. van Dijk, and J. Gert van Dijk. "Assessment of orthostatic fluid shifts with strain gauge plethysmography." Clinical Science 113, no. 9 (2007): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20070060.

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In the present study we evaluated the use of SGP (strain gauge plethysmography) for the assessment of orthostatic fluid shifts during HUT (head-up tilting). Subjects wore a parachute harness fixed to the tilt table to avoid muscle tension in the lower limbs during HUT. Twenty-two healthy subjects (nine women) were tilted for 5 min. Changes in calf volume, as measured by SGP, surface EMG (electromyography), heart rate and blood pressure were measured continuously. Ten subjects underwent a second tilt test during which circulation in one leg was occluded with a pressure cuff at 250 mmHg. During HUT with occlusion, calf volume in the non-occluded leg increased by 1.9±0.3% (mean±S.E.M.) and 0.2±0.2% in the occluded leg (P<0.001). During HUT without occlusion a significant correlation (r=0.9) was found between measurements in the left and right leg with a mean difference of 0.03±0.1%. HUT did not cause significant changes in surface EMG measurements. An unexpected gender effect was observed: calf volume increased significantly more in men than in women. Men were significantly taller, but the haemodynamic response to HUT did not differ between both genders. The gender effect on orthostatic increases in calf volume remained significant after adjustment for heart-to-calf distance. SGP during HUT with a parachute harness is a new promising method to assess orthostatic fluid shifts. The gender differences in orthostatic pooling in the calf may be explained by a higher calf compliance in men together with a greater hydrostatic pressure due to a greater height in men.

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Schott, Robin May. "Gender and “Postmodern War”." Hypatia 11, no. 4 (1996): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1996.tb01032.x.

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In this essay I argue that war is not “above” gender analyses. I question in particular whether the concept of “postmodern war” is adequate to explain the intersections of gender with ethnicity and nationality, which underlie the sexual violence against women in wartime. The poststructuralist concept of the “fluidity” of the category of gender needs to be modified by an analysis of how “non-fluid” configurations of gender are entrenched in material conditions of existence.

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17

Sultana, Farhana. "Fluid lives: subjectivities, gender and water in rural Bangladesh." Gender, Place & Culture 16, no. 4 (2009): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09663690903003942.

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18

Zack, Naomi. "The Fluid Symbol of Mixed Race." Hypatia 25, no. 4 (2010): 875–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01121.x.

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Philosophers have little to lose in making practical proposals. If the proposals are enacted, the power of ideas to change the world is affirmed. If the proposals are rejected, there is new material for theoretical reflection. During the 1990s, I believed that broad public recognition of mixed race, particularly black and white mixed race, would contribute to an undoing of rigid and racist, socially constructed racial categories. I argued for such recognition in my first book, Race and Mixed Race (Zack 1993), a follow-through anthology, American Mixed Race (Zack 1995), and numerous articles, especially the essay, “Mixed Black and White Race and Public Policy,” which appeared first in Hypatia in 1995.1 I also delivered scores of public and academic lectures and presentations on this subject, all of which expressed the following in varied forms and formats: Race is an idea that lacks the biological foundation it is commonly assumed to have. There is need for broad education about this absence of foundation; mixed-race identities should be recognized, especially black–white identities.

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Frampton, Edith. "Fluid objects: Kleinian psychoanalytic theory and breastfeeding narratives." Australian Feminist Studies 19, no. 45 (2004): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0816464042000278025.

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AYDIN ÖZKAN, Semiha, and Nezihe KIZILKAYA BEJİ. "THE EFFECTS OF FLUID INTAKE HABITS OF THE HEALTHY YOUNG POPULATION ON URINARY SYMPTOMS." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS, no. 45 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17363/sstb.2022/abcd89/.45.8.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate of fluid intake habits and urinary symptoms in young, healthy population. Method: This study design was descriptive, cross-sectional type. A questionnaire was used to assess the fluid intake habits and The Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) (it is structure of 13 items in 3 dimensions: stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and low stream). The study was completed by 602 university students. Results: The average daily fluid intake was >2 L/day for both genders. The gender difference in fluid intake was significant (p < 0.05). Male students were more than consumption of caffeinated drinks and alcohol. The urinary symptom profile score was stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and low stream 0.16, 2.41, 0.28 respectively. The male students compared to female students difference in stress urinary incontinence and low stream was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, fluid intake habits and urinary symptoms differ between genders in the healthy young population.

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Boyd, Callum S., Elaine L. Ritch, Christopher A. Dodd, and Julie McColl. "Inclusive identities: re-imaging the future of the retail brand?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48, no. 12 (2020): 1315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-12-2019-0392.

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Purposeto examine consumers' perceptions of retail brand representations of gender-oriented and/or sexuality-oriented identities. The authors explore the value of developing more progressive, inclusive brand values to support more effective retail brand communications and imagery.Design/methodology/approachPhoto elicitation, utilising LGBTQIA+/sexuo-gendered imagery from retail brand marketing communications, facilitated discussion within focus groups representing various genders, age generations and sexualities.FindingsYounger generations indicate a preference for fluid gender and sexuality and endorse retail brands that represent this progressive understanding. Gender and age moderate preferences for representative imagery, with older males more resistant to sexuo-gendered messages and females of all ages more accepting.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited in generalisability, geography and demographics. The focussed approach did, however, enable collection of rich, insightful data to underpin evaluations of communicative brand values.Practical implicationsThe inclusion of diverse and fluid sexuo-gendered identities within the brand values of retailers would enable effective targeting of consumers across a range of more traditional cohorts.Social implicationsThe evolving ideology towards inclusiveness, identified within the generational cohorts, demonstrates social change through progressive acceptance of more fluid gendered and sexual identities.Originality/valueThe research adopts a novel approach to examining diverse, sexuo-gendered imagery within gendered and generational cohorts, offering qualitative examples of a progressive social ideology.

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Ross, Michael W., Kristian Daneback, and Sven-Axel Månsson. "Fluid Versus Fixed: A New Perspective on Bisexuality as a Fluid Sexual Orientation Beyond Gender." Journal of Bisexuality 12, no. 4 (2012): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2012.702609.

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23

Bø, Siri Hylleraas, and Christofer Lundqvist. "Cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure in clinical practice – a prospective study." Journal of Neurology 267, no. 12 (2020): 3696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10075-3.

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Abstract Background Measurement of CSF opening pressure (CSFOP) is valuable and much used in the investigation of several neurological conditions. However, there are different opinions regarding reference values and influence of age, gender and body mass index (BMI). We have, in a previous study, noted possible differences in CSFOP between gender and age groups. Here the aim was to collect information regarding normal distribution of CSFOP in an out-patient sample and also include BMI. Methods We collected CSFOP from a lumbar puncture, following a standardized procedure, performed in an ordinary neurological out-patient sample. Age, gender and BMI was also registered. Descriptive statistics and linear regression was used. Results 339 patients with a normal distribution of age and BMI were included consecutively (60% females). We found a mean CSFOP of 17.5 H2O (range 4.0–30.0). In multivariable linear regression, age, gender and BMI all independently affected CSFOP. Male gender (β = 1.5, p = 0.002), lower age (β = – 0.095, p < 0.001) and higher BMI (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) were all associated with higher CSFOP. Conclusion Using two standard deviations, we provide suggestions for CSFOP limits with respect to gender, age and BMI. Our results suggest that CSFOP cut-offs for pathological intracranial hypertension should be raised with these factors taken into consideration. As a “rule-of-thumb” we suggest the following cut-offs: for males < 30 cm H2O (< 25 if over age 70), and for females < 25 cm H2O (27.5 if over 30 BMI). A diagnosis of intracranial hypertension should not be given without such considerations.

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Amaefula, Rowland Chukwuemeka. "Gendered Performance, Fluid Identities and Protest in Tess Onwueme’s Then She Said It." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 7, no. 1 (2019): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2019-0008.

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Abstract This study examines the social constructions of gender as the encapsulation of reiterated human conducts within varying sites of performance. Contrary to the notion that gender roles are fixed by socio-cultural forces, this paper focuses on the fluidity of human dispositions in differing circumstances. Adopting Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, the researcher analyses Tess Onwueme’s Then She Said It. This protest play attests to the variability of gender performance. The characters in the drama, especially the protagonists and antagonists, exhibit considerable alterations in gender performance in different situations. Thus, the study argues that the rigid classification of gender roles along sex lines (on both biological and gendered sexuality) in protest drama in Nigeria is incongruous with the characters’ dispositions in the plays. Indeed, characters adopt cross-gendered performances as a strategy of protesting against overbearing conditions.

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Kim, Sun Young. "Gender Fluid Convergence Characteristics Expressed in Harris Reed Fashion Works." Korean Society of Science & Art 40, no. 3 (2022): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2022.06.30.43.

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William Briggs. "Fluid Dynamics: The Interplay of Water and Gender in Nahum." Journal of Biblical Literature 137, no. 4 (2018): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1374.2018.470050.

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Hayles, N. Katherine. "Gender Encoding in Fluid Mechanics: Masculine Channels and Feminine Flows." differences 4, no. 2 (1992): 16–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10407391-4-2-16.

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Moura, Jerciane Maria da Silva, and Fabiane Gonçalves. "Fluid Gender in the academic sphere: a question of inclusion." IJS - International Journal of Sciences 1, no. 3 (2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/229003.1.3-7.

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29

Miller, Shane Aaron. "Making the Boys Cry: The Performative Dimensions of Fluid Gender." Text and Performance Quarterly 30, no. 2 (2010): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10462931003658099.

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Eijsvogels, Thijs M. H., Dick H. J. Thijssen, and Maria T. E. Hopman. "Gender Differences In Fluid And Electrolyte Balance During Endurance Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355275.79503.f0.

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Diesner, Naïma, Florian Freimann, Christin Clajus, Kai Kallenberg, Veit Rohde, and Florian Stockhammer. "Female gender predisposes for cerebrospinal fluid overdrainage in ventriculoperitoneal shunting." Acta Neurochirurgica 158, no. 7 (2016): 1273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-016-2827-z.

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32

Sweetnam, Annie. "The changing contexts of gender: Between fixed and fluid experience." Psychoanalytic Dialogues 6, no. 4 (1996): 437–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10481889609539130.

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Briggs, William. "Fluid Dynamics: The Interplay of Water and Gender in Nahum." Journal of Biblical Literature 137, no. 4 (2018): 853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbl.2018.0046.

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Adolfsson, Johanna Sofia, and Ole Jacob Madsen. "“Nowadays there is gender”: “Doing” global gender equality in rural Malawi." Theory & Psychology 30, no. 1 (2019): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354319879507.

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This article analyzes the intersection of psychology with global development policy and practice, reviewing how gender as a concept is negotiated and understood amongst men and women in rural Malawi. We argue that gender, considered from a psychological perspective, has been narrowed down to meet the standards of global policy actors. By empowering individuals to “self-actualize,” policy implementers expect social and economic spin-off effects such as lower birth rates, higher education levels, and poverty reduction. The focus on individuals acts to obscure the broader structural power inequities, is especially prevalent in rural Malawi. To explain this, we use Haslam’s idea of “concept creep,” on how psychological concepts tend to affect other institutional traditions. The everyday understandings of gendered life described here show how gender is a fluid concept that shifts according to cultural, social, and ideological norms.

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Quinn, Joseph F., Christopher Harris, Jeffrey A. Kaye, et al. "Gender Effects on Plasma and Brain Copper." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/150916.

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The effect of gender on systemic and brain levels of copper is relatively understudied. We examined gender effects in mice and human subjects. We observed a trend to higher serum copper levels in female compared to male LaFerla “triple transgenic” (1399±233versus804±436 ng/mL,P=0.06) mice, and significantly higher brain copper levels in female- versus male wild-type mice (5.2±0.2versus4.18±0.3 ng/mg wet wt,P=0.03). Plasma copper was significantly correlated with brain copper in mice (R2 = 0.218;P=0.038). Among human subjects with AD, both plasma copper (1284±118versus853±81 ng/mL,P=0.005) and cerebrospinal fluid copper (12.8±1versus10.4±0.7 ng/mL,P=0.01) were elevated in women compared to men. Among healthy control subjects, plasma copper (1008±51versus836±41 ng/mL;P=0.01) was higher in women than in men, but there was no difference in cerebrospinal fluid copper. We conclude that gender differences in copper status may influence copper-mediated pathological events in the brain.

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Armstead, William M., and Monica S. Vavilala. "Adrenomedullin Reduces Gender-Dependent Loss of Hypotensive Cerebrovasodilation after Newborn Brain Injury through Activation of ATP-Dependent K Channels." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 27, no. 10 (2007): 1702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600473.

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Cerebrovascular dysregulation during hypotension occurs after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in the newborn pig owing to impaired K channel function. This study was designed to (1) determine the role of gender and K channel activation in adrenomedullin (ADM) cerebrovasodilation, (2) characterize the role of gender in the loss of hypotensive cerebrovasodilation after FPI, and (3) determine the role of gender in the ability of exogenous ADM to modulate hypotensive dysregulation after FPI. Lateral FPI (2 atm) was induced in newborn male and female newborn pigs (1 to 5 days old) equipped with a closed cranial window, n = 6 for each protocol. Adrenomedullin-induced pial artery dilation was significantly greater in female than male piglets and blocked by the KATP channel antagonist glibenclamide, but not by the Kca channel antagonist iberiotoxin. Cerebrospinal fluid ADM was increased from 3.8 ± 0.7 to 14.6 ± 3.0 fmol/mL after FPI in female but was unchanged in male piglets. Hypotensive pial artery dilation was blunted to a significantly greater degree in male versus female piglets after FPI. Topical pretreatment with a subthreshold vascular concentration of ADM (10−10 mol/L) before FPI reduced the loss of hypotensive pial artery dilation in both genders, but protection was significantly greater in male versus female piglets. These data show that hypotensive pial artery dilation is impaired after FPI in a gender-dependent manner. By unmasking a gender-dependent endogenous protectant, these data suggest novel gender-dependent approaches for clinical intervention in the treatment of perinatal traumatic brain injury.

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Arif, Muhammad, Tayyaba Bashir, and Arshad Mehmood. "Gender Role as Relative Phenomenon in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Desirable Daughters." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 1 (2020): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.1.25.

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Gender is a relative, fluid and dynamic phenomenon. In a traditional society woman has always been treated as “other” which needs to be changed. Human beings unconsciously remain engaged to absorb notions of gender-based manhood and womanhood. Gender construction is not static but changes with circumstances. Women who live in different environment face different problems and whole pattern of their lives changes when they change their living conditions and social set up. Gender is basically an aggregate of cultural and sociological traits which are associated with a particular being and leads to marginalization of one gender namely women. A particular behaviour is expected from that gender and vice versa. This concept is visible in the novel ‘Desirable Daughters’ by Bharati Mukherjee which is primary text for current research. The characters in this novel violate traditional limitations and gender role becomes a fluid and relative concept. So, this work focuses on highlighting that gender role is a relative term primarily a product of environment. The theoretical framework used here is third wave of feminism and the methodology employed to conduct this research is textual analysis.

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Glover, David. "Fluid Masculinities." Gender & History 14, no. 2 (2002): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00270.

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Kochurova, Ekaterina V., E. O. Kudasova, Yu S. Podolskii, L. V. Gavryushova, and E. V. Izhnina. "Gender influence on the level of expression of oral fluid biomarkers." Russian Journal of Dentistry 24, no. 2 (2020): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2020-24-2-92-94.

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The purpose to determine the level of expression in the oral fluid of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of types 2, 8 and 9, as well as their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) of types 1 and 2, depending on the presence or absence of a number of components of the dental status.Material and methods. The results of a study of the level of expression of oral fluid biomarkers of 19 patients with different levels of dental health who do not have a history of history are presented. Previously, a dental examination of patients was carried out and the occurrence of signs of dental status was determined.Results and discussion. Analysis of expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors showed significant differences in performance.Conclusions. The data obtained suggest a significant impact of the state of dental health mainly on the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9, the indicators of which differ 2 times from the same in the opposite sex, with other conditions being almost the same (age, general health).

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Choi, Ji Young, and Tae Jin Kim. "Fertility Preservation and Reproductive Potential in Transgender and Gender Fluid Population." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (2022): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092279.

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The gender diverse and transgender community is a minor patient group that is encountered with increasing frequency in the clinical setting, attributed to the improved awareness and access to medical facilities. Partial impairment to permanent elimination of fertility potential and outcomes depending on the treatment modality usually is a result of gender-affirming therapy, which includes both hormone therapy and surgical intervention. Although seldom conducted in the clinical field, transgender patients should be counseled on their fertility preservation options prior to medical and surgical gender transition. There is relatively limited data and clinical information regarding fertility preservation for transgender individuals. Current treatment regimens are based on protocols from fertility preservation after oncological treatments. Major barriers for the transgender population exist due to the lack of information provided and clinical narrative that is not familiar to the physician or health care provider, although there are various options for fertility preservation. A deeper understanding of this clinical agenda and the mandatory processes will ultimately result in a much more comprehensive and specific care for transgender individuals who are in great need for fertility counseling or treatment options that concern fertility preservation. In this review, current clinical approaches will be summarized and fertility preservation options along with ongoing and future clinical trials in fertility preservation for transgender individuals will be thoroughly reviewed.

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Millard-Stafford, M., P. B. Sparling, L. B. Rosskopf, L. J. DiCarlo, B. T. Hinson, and T. K. Snow. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN FLUID REQUIREMENTS DURING PROLONGED RUNNING IN THE HEAT?" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (1992): S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00376.

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Baker, William B. "Sexual and gender identities in transgender men: Fluid and binary perspectives." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 22, no. 3 (2018): 280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2018.1458677.

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Marcozzi, Giordana, Veronica Liberati, Federica Madia, Marco Centofanti, and Giuseppe de Feo. "Age- and Gender-Related Differences in Human Lacrimal Fluid Peroxidase Activity." Ophthalmologica 217, no. 4 (2003): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000070638.

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Pande, Anurag, James Loy, Vinayak V. Dixit, Katherine Spansel, and Brian Wolshon. "Integrity of estimates of the two-fluid model and gender impacts." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 50 (January 2015): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2014.07.010.

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Mosley, William H. "Ecstatic loneliness: black genders and the politics of affect in Mykki Blanco's ‘Loner’." Feminist Theory 23, no. 1 (2022): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14647001211062744.

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The rapper Mykki Blanco is lauded as a trailblazer in the contemporary queer hip hop movement, and it is this reputation that, in part, makes the single of her debut album so curious. The song ‘Loner’ is unequivocally pop and explores health, loneliness, love and sex, echoing Blanco's shifting relationship to gender, genre, sobriety and serostatus. Amidst three key performances of this song, Blanco's consciousness was at various stages of development and they reflect her journey into trans womanhood and through HIV seroconversion. As such, her relationship to gender and disability comes in and out of focus as the legibility of her art and affect jockey across black gay, gender fluid and trans modes of self-determination. This confluence of Blanco's affect, genders, music and performances leads to certain questions. What constellates loneliness during a black trans process of becoming? What collateral genealogies and intellectual and expressive cultural formations come to bear on the affective attachments of black queer, trans, feminist art? In this article, I offer an account of the antagonistic relationship between (white) affect studies and black studies in order to contextualise the stakes of thinking affect alongside gender and race. I also forward a theory of ecstatic loneliness which attends to the ways in which anti-blackness, HIV stigma and transphobia produce negative affects that function as the basis for imagining a trans-inclusive care practice that is empathetic to the experience of seroconversion. Through analysis of three performances of ‘Loner’, I find that wayward commitments to gender lead to various emplacements of the song in black cisgender, transgender and gender-fluid discourses of affect, community and performance, resulting in an interdisciplinary method of black and queer self-making that is underexamined in affect studies scholarship.

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Kauffman, Emma. "Queering the Docile Body." Political Science Undergraduate Review 1, no. 2 (2016): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur19.

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Increasingly, there is a view that the recent emergence of sexual and gender diversity has helped to move mainstream society towards the eradication of the normative privileging of particular genders and sexualities. However, when we look beneath the surface it is more likely to be a reconfiguration of the heterosexual matrix, a term defined by Judith Butler as that grid of cultural intelligibility through which norms are created and maintained in bodies, genders, and desires and how they appear natural (Butler, 24). Using Judith Butler’s heterosexual matrix as my foundation, this paper will demonstrate the ways in which gender and sexuality become naturalized in order to explore the normalization process of both heterosexual desire, or orientation, and the gender binary. It will argue that although we are in the midst of a historic mobilization of diverse and complex (trans)gender movements, the sphere of intelligibility continues to be subject to hegemonic interpretations. These interpretations privilege a binary model of genders and sexual behaviors, thus resulting in a continuation of normative identities and desires. Further, as this essay will explicate, the heterosexual matrix, in accordance with neoliberalism, work as a mechanism of power that designates what is an intelligible life. As such, without first locating these functions of power, the push for a more fluid and open understanding of gender, sexuality and desire will continue to fail, and the space for widespread change will dissolve.

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Asghar, Ramzana B., Sandra Green, Barbara Engel, and Simon J. Davies. "Relationship of Demographic, Dietary, and Clinical Factors to the Hydration Status of Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 24, no. 3 (2004): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080402400305.

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Objectives To establish which clinical factors are associated with an increased proportion of extracellular fluid (ECF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Design A single-center, cross-sectional analysis of 68 stable PD patients. Method Bioelectrical impedance measurements (RJL, single frequency; RJL Systems, Clinton, Michigan, USA) of resistance and reactance were used to determine the proportion of ECF comprising total body water (TBW) in 68 stable PD patients attending for routine clearance and membrane studies. All patients underwent detailed dietetic, adequacy, and membrane function tests. Blood pressure and antihypertensive requirements were also documented. Results Significant gender differences in body composition were observed, such that women had lower absolute TBW and fat-free mass per kilogram body weight, but proportionately more ECF for a given TBW, mean ECF:TBW 0.5 ± 0.03 versus 0.44 ± 0.05, p < 0.005. In view of this, patients were split into two groups, defined as “over-” or “normally” hydrated, either by using the single discriminator (median ECF:TBW = 0.47) for the whole population, which resulted in groups distorted by gender, or by using different discriminators according to gender (women: 0.49, men 0.45). In both analyses, overhydrated patients were older, had significantly lower plasma albumin, less total fluid removal per kilogram body weight, and higher peritoneal solute transport. When split by a single discriminator, the overhydrated patients had lower sodium removal and significantly less intracellular fluid volume due to an excess of women in this group who also had less residual function and had been on dialysis longer. Using gender-specific discrimination, overhydrated patients were heavier due to expansion of the ECF volume: 20 ± 4.1 L versus 16 ± 3.3 L, p < 0.001. Stepwise multivariate analysis found age ( p = 0.001), albumin ( p = 0.009), and fluid losses per kilogram body weight ( p = 0.025) to be independent predictors of gender-adjusted hydration status. Sodium intake did not vary according to hydration status. Conclusion Gender influences the assessment of hydration status of PD patients when employing bioimpedance, such that women tend to have more ECF. Taking this into account, age, albumin, and achieved fluid removal appear to be independently associated with hydration status, whereas peritoneal solute transport is not. Advice on dietary sodium should take account of hydration status and achievable losses.

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Gómez-Barris, Macarena, and Sebástian Calfuqueo. "Into the Fluid Heart of Wallmapu Territory." Social Text 39, no. 4 (2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-9408098.

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Abstract In their interview, scholar and writer Macarena Gómez-Barris and artist and performer Sebastián Calfuqueo discuss the role of art, mediation, and coloniality with respect to Indigenous majority spaces and trans embodiment. Calfuqueo's body of work, like Gómez-Barris's scholarship, addresses the colonial and neocolonial processes of extraction, dispossession, and how Mapuche peoples in the southern territories of Chile and the global South continue to be inserted into a paradigm of war and occupation. Their close collaboration, across geographical and linguistic divides, offers a way to think anew about the relationship between queer and trans decolonial connections and collaboration beyond the binary divide.

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Rehman, Muhammad Shakil ur, and Dr Abdul Hamid Khan. "Impact of Multicultural Diversity on the Gender Stereotyping in Bapsi Sidhwa’s The Pakistani Bride through the Deconstructive Perspective." Issue-2 04, no. 02 (2020): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v04-i02-19.

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The article analyzes the impact of multicultural fictional representation of the two female characters on the gender stereotyping in Bapsi Sidhwa’s The Pakistani Bride (1990) by applying Judith Butler’s gender approach. The novelist (1938) is a distinguishing Anglophone, post-colonial and diaspora writer in South Asia (Suleri, 2001) who is known to be the pioneer of Pakistani novel in English. Sidhwa’s portrayal of different cultural milieu in the novel under study is to highlight the impact on gender identification through the analysis of the performativity of the two brides, Zaitoon and Carol. The first lady, one of the key characters, confronts and challenges the tribal gender norms of a Pakistani society and the second bride mirroring of an American culture projecting of a diverse identification. The multicultural contextual background of the novel leads the debate to analyze how different gender roles are performed by each of the brides to support the research contention that gender is wrought not by sexual categorization but by socio-cultural stereotyping. Therefore, the cultural differences in the book necessarily require fluid shades of gender identification accordingly. It is the targeted objective of the research framework applied by the study that gender is an action, it is a fluid and instable feature as has been manifested through the performance of the focused characters in the novel.

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Armstrong, Lawrence E., Evan C. Johnson, Amy L. McKenzie, Lindsay A. Ellis, and Keith H. Williamson. "Endurance Cyclist Fluid Intake, Hydration Status, Thirst, and Thermal Sensations: Gender Differences." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 26, no. 2 (2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0188.

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This field investigation assessed differences (e.g., drinking behavior, hydration status, perceptual ratings) between female and male endurance cyclists who completed a 164-km event in a hot environment (35 °C mean dry bulb) to inform rehydration recommendations for athletes. Three years of data were pooled to create 2 groups of cyclists: women (n = 15) and men (n = 88). Women were significantly smaller (p < .001) than men in height (166 ± 5 vs. 179 ± 7 cm), body mass (64.6 ± 7.3 vs. 86.4 ± 12.3 kg), and body mass index (BMI; 23.3 ± 1.8 vs. 26.9 ± 3.4) and had lower preevent urinary indices of hydration status, but were similar to men in age (43 ± 7 years vs. 44 ± 9 years) and exercise time (7.77 ± 1.24 hr vs. 7.23 ± 1.75 hr). During the 164-km ride, women lost less body mass (−0.7 ± 1.0 vs. −1.7 ± 1.5 kg; −1.1 ± 1.6% vs. −1.9 ± 1.8% of body weight; p < .005) and consumed less fluid than men (4.80 ± 1.28 L vs. 5.59 ± 2.13 L; p < .005). Women consumed a similar volume of fluid as men, relative to body mass (milliliters/kilogram). To control for performance and anthropomorphic characteristics, 15 women were pair-matched with 15 men on the basis of exercise time on the course and BMI; urine-specific gravity, urine color, and body mass change (kilograms and percentage) were different (p < .05) in 4 of 6 comparisons. No gender differences were observed for ratings of thirst, thermal sensation, or perceived exertion. In conclusion, differences in relative fluid volume consumed and hydration indices suggest that professional sports medicine organizations should consider gender and individualized drinking plans when formulating pronouncements regarding rehydration during exercise.

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