Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gender role expectations

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gender role expectations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gender role expectations"

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Tucker, Reginald Lewis, and Lou Marino. ""Psychopathy, Gender, and Entrepreneurial Intentions: Overcoming Societal Gender Role Expectations"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 15604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.15604abstract.

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White, Joshua Victor, and Louis Marino. "Entrepreneurial Intention and Gender: The Role of Psychopathy in Overcoming Gender Role Expectations." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (August 2020): 20653. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.20653abstract.

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Fallon, Melissa A., and LaRae M. Jome. "An Exploration of Gender-Role Expectations and Conflict among Women Rugby Players." Psychology of Women Quarterly 31, no. 3 (September 2007): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00374.x.

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Gender-role conflict theory has suggested that women athletes will experience role conflict because they are attempting to enact both feminine and masculine gender roles, yet research findings have shown mixed support for this notion. The purpose of this study was to explore how women rugby players negotiate gender-role expectations and conflict as women participating in a traditionally masculine sport. Eleven Caucasian women, noncollege rugby players between the ages of 25 and 38 were interviewed. The results indicated that women rugby players perceived numerous discrepant gender-role expectations. In addition, three different types of gender-role conflict emerged; however, similar to previous findings, participants perceived conflicting expectations for their gender-role behavior more than they seemed to experience conflict about those expectations. Participants actively employed various strategies to resolve or avoid experiencing gender-role conflict. The resiliency displayed by the women athletes in coping with discrepant gender-role messages provides new considerations for gender-role conflict theory.
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Pearson, Dylan V., and Tessa Bent. "The role of gender expectations on word recognition." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, no. 3 (March 2019): 1910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5101928.

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Thobejane, Tsoaledi Daniel, and Janet Khoza. "Gender Role Expectations within the Institution of Marriage." Journal of Social Sciences 41, no. 3 (December 2014): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2014.11893380.

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Berger, Regula P., Alexander Grob, and August Flammer. "Gender-role orientation and social expectations regarding female adolescents' coping with developmental tasks 1The preparation of this article was facilitated by a grant from the Swiss National Foundation for young researchers, financed by the local research committee of the University of Fribourg to the first author during her stay at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. We are grateful to Susan B. Cleary for editing the English version of this article." Swiss Journal of Psychology 58, no. 4 (December 1999): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1421-0185.58.4.273.

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This study focuses on the importance of social developmental expectations, assessed as emotional and cognitive evaluations regarding the timing and the gender-role conformity of normative developmental tasks. Two central questions were raised. First, to what degree do the timing and the gender-role conformity affect the adults' expectations? Second, how much does the adults' own gender-role orientation (GRO), classified as traditional vs. liberal, affect their expectations? A 4 (timing modus) × 2 (developmental task) × 2 (gender-role conformity)-factorial design was administered to a sample of 140 adults of both sexes, 20 to 81 years old. Coping in time and with gender-role typical career received the most approval. Typical developmental tasks were more approved by persons with a traditional than with a liberal GRO. However, the evaluation of non-typical developmental tasks was not affected by the GRO. The possibility of a shift in normative expectations toward more liberal, diverse, and self-defined female gender-roles is discussed.
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Lee, Se Woong, Sookweon Min, and Geoffrey P. Mamerow. "Pygmalion in the Classroom and the Home: Expectation's Role in the Pipeline to STEMM." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 117, no. 9 (September 2015): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811511700907.

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Background/Context Although students frequently begin forming ideas about potential college majors or career choices prior to entering college, research on Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), and (M)edicine has almost exclusively focused on students’ experiences in postsecondary institutions. To better understand the full length of the STEMM pipeline—from high school through to postsecondary levels—it is essential to identify and explore factors that influence students’ choices in STEMM while they are in secondary schools, a setting that is arguably the first critical step of the pipeline. Purpose/Objective Among factors that influence students’ choices to pursue STEMM fields, this study examines the influence of students’ self-efficacy and expectation, as well as the expectation and encouragement they received from parents and high school teachers on their decisions to major in, complete a degree in, and pursue a career in STEMM. Given this focus on expectation specifically, the study employs a conceptual framework developed through the application of prior literature on teacher and parent expectations, as well as Social Cognitive Career Theory. Research Design Using the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) 1987 data, the study investigated students’ decision making at three distinct time points along a typical STEMM education/career path and predicted their persistence in the STEMM pipeline by utilizing logistic regression analyses. To further examine whether such sets of expectations are moderated by gender, analysis also included interaction terms for gender and teacher expectation, as well as those of gender and parent expectation. Findings/Results The results of this study indicate that expectation plays a significant role in students’ choices in STEMM and teacher expectation is shown to be especially influential. Focusing on gender differences, males’ choices in STEMM were shown to be most affected by their teachers’ educational expectations and encouragement while females’ choices were most affected by those of their parents. Conclusions/Recommendations The decision to pursue education and a career in a STEMM is not a one-time decision, but a longitudinal process that begins during secondary education and carries on through into college. The findings of this study provide meaningful information about the importance of students’ self-efficacy and expectation within the STEMM pipeline, as well as the influence teacher expectations and encouragement can have on students’ pursuit of and persistence in STEMM.
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Krishnaveni, Dr L. Hemalatha, and Dr B. Yella Reddy. "A Study of Role Expectations and Role Performance of High School Teachers in Relation to Region, Management and Gender." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2014/45.

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Muntoni, Francesca, and Jan Retelsdorf. "Gender-specific teacher expectations in reading—The role of teachers’ gender stereotypes." Contemporary Educational Psychology 54 (July 2018): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.06.012.

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VanderLaan, Doug P., Lanna J. Petterson, Ryan W. Mallard, and Paul L. Vasey. "(Trans)Gender Role Expectations and Child Care in Samoa." Journal of Sex Research 52, no. 6 (April 17, 2014): 710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.884210.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gender role expectations"

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Schwendenman, Diane. "Gender Role Expectations of Classroom Teachers." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1337199263.

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Kuroiwa, Kelly J. "The gender-gap in educational expectations." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236374.

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This study utilizes the 10th-12th-grade panel from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NEIS:88) to examine the gender-gap in educational expectations. The study uses regression analysis to determine whether background, academic, social, and career variables affect educational expectations differently for males and females and whether these differences can explain the gender-gap in educational expectations. Socio-economic status and having professional career aspirations have stronger effects on educational expectations for males. However, no significant sex differences were found in the effects of academic ability and achievement, parents' expectations, or peer engagement on students' educational expectations. The results also indicate that females have higher educational expectations because they have higher academic ability and achievement; parents and peers have higher expectations for them, and they are more likely to have professional career aspirations than their male peers.
Department of Sociology
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Myo, Thwin Guest Philip. "Differentials in gender role expectations in marriage among youth in Yangon Division, Myanmar /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd404/4938535.pdf.

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Johansson, Sandra. "Spineless Men and Irrepressible Women? : Gender Norm Destabilizing Performances in The Scarlet Letter and My Ántonia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104363.

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Both The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and My Ántonia by Willa Cather depict characters that perform non-traditional gender roles. In these novels, there are expectations about how women and men should act. The purpose of this comparative study is to look at how the female and male protagonists’ actions correspond to, or differ from, these expectations and if they do so in similar ways. The analytical approach is based on Judith Butler’s theory of gender performance. This study also examines in what ways the characters’ actions conflict with, or conform to, social norms of the time by investigating the social expectations for women in the Puritan society and in the late nineteenth century. Even though the settings are separated by two hundred years, this study shows that the protagonists challenge traditional gender role norms in similar ways and that both female protagonists show a feminist desire to exist outside the binary understanding of gender.
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Pessin, Léa. "Changing gendered expectations and diverging divorce trends : three papers on gender norms and partnership Dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392631.

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The dissertation addresses how changes in gender norms influence demographic behaviors. It is composed of three articles. The first focuses on the macro-micro association between regional gender norms and couples' divorce risk in the United States. Using event-history analysis, I find a reverse U-shaped relationship between gender norms and marital instability. The second article turns to the relationship between female education and marital instability over the past five decades in the United States. The results show that, in recent years, college-educated women have a higher risk of entry into marriage along with a lower propensity to divorce than their less-educated counterparts. The third article uses the migration experience as a natural experiment to study the effects of gender norms on gender role attitudes. Applying cross-classified multilevel models to a sample of first- and second-generation immigrants, results show that origin-country gender norms are significantly associated with immigrants' gender attitudes.
Aquesta tesi investiga com els canvis en les normes de gènere influeixen en comportaments demogràfics d’escala general. Està dividida en tres articles. El primer estudia l’associació macro-micro entre les normes de gènere a nivell regional als Estats Units i el risc de divorci. Emprant un model d’anàlisi d’esdeveniments, es troba una relació en forma de U inversa entre les dues variables. El segon article s’enfoca en la relació entre l’educació de les dones i l’estabilitat del matrimoni en els darrers últims anys als Estats Units. Els resultats demostren que les dones amb grau universitari tenen una probabilitat més alta d’entrar en una relació matrimonial i, a la vegada, una menor propensió al divorci comparat amb dones amb nivells d’educació inferiors. El tercer article utilitza l’experiència migratòria com un experiment natural per estudiar els efectes de les normes de gènere sobre les actituds envers els rols de gènere en les parelles. Aplicant models estadístics multinivell de classificació creuada (“cross-classified”) a una mostra d’immigrants de primera i segona generació s’obtenen resultats que demostren una relació significativa entre les normes de gènere en el país d’origen i les actituds de gènere dels immigrants.
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Purvis, Carillon Ruth Cameron, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "The effect of gender-role stereotyping on the career aspirations and expectations of pre-adolescent children of high intellectual ability." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1987, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/4.

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Although the movement of women into the Canadian labor force has been increasingly steady over the past three decades, the number of women occupying positions of power, prestige and leadership within their fields remains low in comparison to that of men. In theory, virtually all careers and levels within those careers should be available to both males and females, but this availability is not always perceived to be real. The desire to reveal why this is so provides the impetus for this study. Career patterns are influenced by a variety of forces, one of which is gender-role stereotypes. A greater understanding of the roles these stereotypes play in career aspirations is the goal of this study. One hundred male and female pre-adolescent students of high and average intellectual ability were surveyed by means of a questionnaire to determine the effect of gender-role stereotypes on their career aspirations and expectations. Correlations, analyses of variance, and qualitative data provided the statistical and descriptive information for interpretation. The principal finding of this study was that the influence of gender-role stereotypes on pre-adolescent children was confirmed, even across ability groups. Stereotypical attitudes were unrelated to intellectual ability, as high and average ability groups conformed to traditional attitudes exhibited toward the sexes. However, there did seem to be a trend towards a more androgynous attitude among the females than among the males, particularly high achieving males. High ability males showed a trend towards exaggerated stereotypical attitudes in comparison to the other subject groups. Furthermore, high ability students generally had more to say and exhibited more confidence (particularly the high ability males) in their responses. This study may provide an increase in awareness and understanding of any real or perceived barriers to achievement and thus eventually lead to greater opportunities and personal fulfillment for both males and females.
xi, 117 leaves ; 28 cm
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Catraio, Christine. "The Role of Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Parental Education in Urban Adolescent Career Development." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3215.

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Thesis advisor: James R. Mahalilk
The disparities that are prevalent in urban environments have a profound impact on the educational and career trajectories of urban minority youth. In the interest of promoting the success among urban minority youth, it is critical to understand the influence of contextual factors on career development. Urban students of color observe and experience disparities based on gender, race, ethnicity, and parental education (Chang, Chen, Greenberger, Dooley, and Heckhausen, 2006; Fassinger, 2008). A major theoretical framework that has been used to address contextual factors in career development is Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT); (Lent, Brown, and Hackett, 1994). The current study examines the socio-contextual variables of gender, race, ethnicity, and parental education (and their interactions) in predicting adolescents' perceptions of barriers to academic and career goals, expectations of reaching goals, and engagement in career planning activities. Archival data was used from a larger longitudinal study that was conducted during the implementation of a vocational program [called Tools for Tomorrow] that was offered at two public high schools in a Northeastern city for three years (Kenny, Blustein, Haase, Jackson, and Perry, 2006). There were 208 participants with a mean age of 14 (57% females and 43% males). Hierarchal multiple regressions revealed that boys, Latino/a students, and low levels of parental education were significantly associated with lower expectations about reaching goals. An exploratory analysis was conducted with three specific ethnic groups: African American, Caribbean, and Latino/a students. Among the findings, African American girls were more likely to engage in career planning activities. This study is among the few that explore the career development of Caribbean adolescents and differentiates the experiences of students of color in career related cognitions and behavior. Limitations for this study and implications for future research, education, and vocational interventions are discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
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Amarin, Nancy Lillian, and Norina Reis. "A correlation analysis of parental expectations, mentoring, and gender socialization on women's self-efficacy." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2389.

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This study investigated social influences believed to have an impact on the development of women's self-efficacy. The independent variables examined included parental expectations, gender role socialization, and mentoring. A questionnaire with both ordinal and nominal questions was administered to 196 female undergraduates attending California State University, San Bernardino and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. The sample was predominantly Caucasian (35,2 percent) and Hispanic (33.7 percent), with a median age of 20. Participants answered 57 questions, consisting of demographic questions, measures of self-efficacy and three independent variables. Pearson r analysis found positive significant correlations between self-efficacy and all three variables. The implications for social work and recommendations for social work policy, practice, and research are discussed.
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Asplund, Victoria, and Lind Fredriksson. ""Vi kvinnor får vara med, under förutsättningen att vi beter oss som männen" : En kvalitativ studie om kvinnliga chefers upplevelser av könsskapande inom den mansdominerade IT-branschen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-56002.

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The aim of this study was to examine how our way of doing gender affect female managers in the male-dominated IT organizations and how the female managers handle the consequences they entail. The study is based on a qualitative research approach where we gathered empirical data through semi-structured interviews. In this study, six respondents with varying experiences of management role within the IT organizations participated. The results are analyzed with the help of previous research and the theoretical framework which included Pierre Bourdieu's theory masculine domination and the West and Zimmerman's theory doing gender. In our study, we concluded that female managers in the male-dominated IT organizations feel the need to adapt to a greater degree than their male counterparts. As a result of the contradictions that exist in the female gender norms versus the role expectations placed on managers, who have a male character, women need to downplay their femininity, including  by adjusting their language.
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Hollist, Julie. "The Ideal Mormon Woman: An Analysis of Ensign Articles and Comparison to LDS Women's Perceptions of Gender Role Expectations." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/220.

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This study was conducted to identify what principles leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints were teaching women about their gender roles and expectations from 2000 through 2007, and to investigate whether age, marital status, or media exposure correlated with women's perceptions of levels of importance of those concepts to both their leaders and to themselves personally. This study used deductive and inductive framing analyses to examine visiting teaching messages and General Conference Relief Society talks published in the Ensign, the official magazine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The study built on those results to create a survey conducted with LDS women living in Cache Valley, Utah, in 2008. Survey results provided insight into levels of importance LDS women living in Cache Valley assigned to doctrinal and cultural concepts surrounding the "ideal Mormon woman." The doctrine reflected an overwhelming emphasis on both inner spiritual characteristics and religiously motivated actions. Lack of correlation between exposure to either visiting teaching messages or General Conference talks and what the women said Church leaders thought was important indicated some disconnect between what was being taught and what the LDS women reported. Although leaders' priorities were revealed by the frequency with which they taught individual components of the doctrine, the women did not recognize those priorities. Instead, they perceived that nearly everything was very important or important to their leaders. The women also indicated that although religiously motivated actions were very important, inner spiritual characteristics were even more important to them personally. Although the women reported inner spiritual characteristics as more important, they were also taking on responsibilities for those behaviors that may be more visible and easily compared to others. Exposure to General Conference talks correlated highly with how important survey items were to the women personally, which may indicate a channel of communication that is working for Church leaders. Statistically significant correlations in women's perceptions about what their leaders think and what they think personally were also found according to age and marital status, but there are not consistent trends that can be easily summarized.
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Books on the topic "Gender role expectations"

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Gender role conflict revisited: An exploration of gender role expectations and conflict among female rugby players. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Thompson, Colleen A. The effects of sex of audience member, task-oriented gender-role expectations, and gender on performance expectations and performance. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2005.

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Art, education and gender!: The shaping of female ambition. Houndmills, Basingstoke Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2015.

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Willoughby, Brian J., and Spencer L. James. Gender and Gender Role Expectations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190296650.003.0009.

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This chapter provides an overview of emerging adults’ views on gender and gender roles. The authors describe their findings regarding who emerging adults believe benefits more from marriage, men or women. Little consensus seemed to exist regarding how emerging adults viewed the connection between gender and marriage; the authors propose that this is a reflection of our current culture, which continues to move toward gender neutrality and the dismissal of gender differences. The authors also explore how emerging adults believe gender roles will play out in their own marriages. A specific paradox whereby emerging adults aspire to an egalitarian role balance yet tend to end up in traditional gender roles is discussed.
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Jones, Deborah A. The influence of expectations and attitudes on the perception of gender stereotypes in magazine advertising. 1992.

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The effect of gender-role stereotyping on the career aspirations and expectations of preadolescent children of high intellectual ability. 1987.

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Hardwick, Julie. Gender. Edited by William Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199291205.013.0011.

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The historiography of gender in the Ancien Régime has explored two sets of interrelated issues. One is the question of the changing nature of men's and women's experiences and the ways in which they related to each other. Another is the way in which gender had an integral role in shifting cultural, political, and—explored to a much lesser extent this far—economic patterns. In both cases, historians have debated whether gender hierarchy intensified and women's opportunities became more constrained, whether changing patterns reformulated gendered expectations but not in a way that a “better or worse” paradigm is appropriate, or whether new forms of gender relations created new opportunities. In the Ancien Régime, gender made a difference: for all social ranks whether peasants, artisans, or nobles, for economic matters as market practices intensified and a consumer revolution ushered in new fashions for Parisians and peasants alike, for cultural processes as traditional categories were problematized and new possibilities were debated, and for political debates as novel forms of politics as well as innovative ideas about sovereignty and authority emerged.
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Kim, Youngmee, and Matthew J. Loscalzo, eds. Gender in Psycho-Oncology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190462253.001.0001.

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As cancer treatment has evolved toward precision medicine, psychosocial research and practices for cancer patients and their family members have also raised awareness of the need for a personalized, patient-focused, family-oriented approach in the psycho-oncology field. Gender in Psycho-Oncology is the first book of its kind to provide comprehensive views on the role of gender in the adjustment of the individual and the patient–caregiver pair when dealing with cancer. The text explores the significant role of gender in diverse pairings of genders between the patient and the caregiver. It also highlights the importance of age, generation, and sociocultural characteristics, as well as the illness trajectory and lifespan trajectory of the individual and the patient–caregiver pair, and an ongoing sociocultural movement that is changing social role expectations based on gender. Offering both fundamental and practical information, Gender in Psycho-Oncology is an ideal book for health care practitioners from a spectrum of disciplines in the psycho-oncology field.
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Leslie, Lisa, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, and Yeonka Kim. Gender and the Work–Family Domain. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.9.

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This chapter advances a social role perspective on gender and the work–family domain—defined to include work and family time investments and attitudes and the work–family intersection (e.g., work–family conflict). A traditional view of social roles suggests that (1) gender has a main effect on the work–family domain, such that men (women) tend to have more work-oriented (family-oriented) and less family-oriented (work-oriented) experiences than women (men) and (2) gender moderates the effect of the work–family domain on valued outcomes (e.g., career success, family satisfaction, health), such that men and women have more favorable outcomes when work–family experiences align with traditional gender roles. In contrast, a dynamic view of social roles suggests that gender has little relevance for understanding the work–family domain. A narrative review of recent research reveals that gender differences often fail to align with traditional gender-based social roles, but also reflect some vestiges of traditional gender-based expectations.
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Welch, Graham, and Adam Ockelford. The role of the institution and teachers in supporting learning. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0029.

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This article discusses how learning and teaching in music are shaped by processes outside the individual, not least because of the influences of group membership (allied to age and gender), performance expectations and practices, and professional and institutional cultures. The process of individual induction into the characteristics of a particular musical culture by teachers and institutions influences the formation of identities in music, for better or for worse, at least in terms of dominant models within the culture. Indeed, the development of music teachers themselves can be seen within an activity system, i.e. the teacher's understanding of their role is developed both by informal personal reflection of the experience of performance and their own learning, and, more systematically, through their own induction process by attendance at a specialist, pedagogically focused institution.
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Book chapters on the topic "Gender role expectations"

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Harrell, Margaret C. "Gender- and Class-Based Role Expectations for Army Spouses." In Anthropology and the United States Military, 69–94. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403982179_5.

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Capern, Amanda L. "Emotions, Gender Expectations, and the Social Role of Chancery, 1550–1650." In Authority, Gender and Emotions in Late Medieval and Early Modern England, 187–209. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137531162_11.

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Bagattini, Daniela, Beatrice Miotti, and Fiorella Operto. "Educational Robotics and the Gender Perspective." In Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments, 249–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77040-2_33.

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AbstractIn this paper we explore the role of stereotypes in educational choices. Data on secondary school enrollments show that girls are abandoning STEM subjects. There are many reasons for this, including social and family expectations, but also the perception that jobs and careers in technical and scientific sectors will make it hard to take care of a family. This is an important theme for the future. The number of jobs in ICT will increase, and the low quantities of women in these sectors will have a strong impact on the availability of skilled workers, as well as increasing the gender gap. What is the role of school in this context? What activities can get more girls interested in science? We focus, in particular, on how innovative approaches such as educational robotics can help girls engage with STEM subjects, as happened with the “Roberta” project, whose results will be illustrated in this work.
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Fong, Vanessa L., Cong Zhang, Sung Won Kim, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Niobe Way, Xinyin Chen, Zuhong Lu, and Huihua Deng. "Gender Role Expectations and Chinese Mothers’ Aspirations for their Toddler Daughters’ Future Independence and Excellence." In Chinese Modernity and the Individual Psyche, 89–117. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137268969_5.

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Wemmers, Jo-Anne, and Katie Cyr. "Gender and Victims’ Expectations Regarding Their Role in the Criminal Justice System: Towards Victim-Centred Prosecutorial Policies." In Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background, Prevention, Reintegration, 233–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28424-8_9.

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Katehi, Linda. "Leading While Female: A Personal Journey." In Uprooting Bias in the Academy, 205–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85668-7_12.

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AbstractGrowth in the administrative function of universities along with the fragility of academic culture creates challenges for academic leaders invested in change. In my own case, these challenges were compounded by my gender: my status as an immigrant woman in a leadership role. In this chapter I outline the basic requirements of a democratic culture—allowing individuals to preserve their identity while positively contributing to the community in which they're embedded—and question the gender stereotypes that see men but not women as “naturally” suited to leadership. This prejudice can translate into implicit or even explicit bias and discrimination when women attempt to fill roles that historically have been reserved for men, and thereby violate gender expectations. As a consequence, women leaders may be marginalized and their authority resisted or unrecognized. This chapter is a personal journey detailing my own experiences of “leading while female.”
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Kotelchuck, Milton. "The Impact of Fatherhood on Men’s Health and Development." In Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality, 63–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75645-1_4.

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AbstractFatherhood has a direct and substantial impact on men’s physical, mental and social health, and sense of paternal generativity over their life course. This chapter, the second of a pair in this volume, explores the bidirectional impact of fatherhood on men’s health in the perinatal period. It pulls together a scattered fatherhood literature and articulates six broad pathways by which fatherhood could potentially impact on men’s health and development, both positively and negatively. This systematic exploration represents a new focus for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) field, especially in addressing the perinatal time period, a time not usually thought of as impacting on men’s health. This chapter attempts to establish a firmer scientific knowledge base and rationale to support new, targeted perinatal fatherhood health programs, policies, and research. Hopefully, these will also further contribute to the growing efforts to expand men’s and women’s parental gender role expectations and equity, and enhance the parenting health and men’s health movements. Similar to the dual orientation of the women’s preconception health initiatives, earlier, healthier, and more actively engaged fatherhood should lead to both improved reproductive and infant health outcomes and men’s own improved health across the life course.
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Broch, Trygve B. "Expectations." In The Ponytail, 49–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20780-8_3.

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AbstractHow does the ponytail maneuver gendered expectations? Although in the introduction I distinguish cultural sociology from critical theory and the cultural studies tradition, which reveal foremost the reproduction of social inequalities and hierarchies, there is no denying that the ponytail is gendered. This chapter explores ponytailed agency within the plausible limits of culture. I stress the ways that women may use ponytails to meet a multitude of expectations, and I argue that codes of fashion and customs permit women (and men) to wear this hairstyle to display gendered expectations in amplified and sober ways. This dynamic process generates a half-life of the ponytail in which its many forms and imitations are manifest in diverse situations that intensify and condense customs to make fashion and to recreate customs. What directs the ponytail’s performativity are the codes that define the ways we meet fashion and customs: as commercial ploys or with altruistic intentions, as normal or deviant in diverse situations. Ponytailed women, in style or simply by habit, can fight for democracy or represent commercial interests, and media critics ensure we see this wealth of prospective role models: some standing on the barricades and some imitating neoliberal and patriarchal ideals.
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Andreevskikh, Olga, and Marianna Muravyeva. "Doing Gender Online: Digital Spaces for Identity Politics." In The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies, 205–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42855-6_12.

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AbstractIn contemporary Russia, online discourses on gender reflect the complex legacies of the Soviet and post-Soviet attitudes and approaches to masculinity and femininity. The current discourses on gender affect its digital construction. Mirroring the gendered discourses on masculine and feminine roles and patterns of behavior, digital media spaces impose similar restrictions and expectations on female users as those experienced by women in their offline activities. This chapter offers an analysis of how the World Wide Web and digital technologies influence gender identity politics in contemporary Russian society. We look at the ways Russians construct gender online, how their practices become means of resistance and activism, and how they adapt and shape digital technologies to perform their gender identities and communicate with the State in the situation of increasing surveillance and control of material and cyberspaces.
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Jeffres, Leo W., David J. Atkin, and Kimberly A. Neuendorf. "A Profile of Creators of Moving Images as Audience Roles Evolve." In Audience Genre Expectations in the Age of Digital Media, 78–107. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003264828-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gender role expectations"

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Ribó-Pérez, David, Paula Bastida-Molina, Carlos Vargas-Salgado, and Cristian D. Chiñas-Palacios. "Introducing a gender perspective in engineering degrees, a case of study in an Energy Markets course." In INNODOCT 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2019.2019.10092.

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Although being mandatory since 2007, Spanish universities have not fully introduced a gender perspective in their degrees. This becomes even more critical in Science, Technolgy and Maths (STM) fields, where non biased information and objective knowledge is presupposed. Nevertheless, different studies reveal that the absence of role female models may be one of the reasons to lower engagement of women in STM degrees. In this paper, different techniques to approach a gender perspective in the engineering field are described. The introduction of a gender perspective activity in the course Energy Markets from the degree in Energy Engineering at the Polytechnic University of Valencia is presented and analysed. This activity is evaluated alongside the students through a series of semi structured questionnaires. Moreover, the situation and student expectations of the inclusion gender perspective in the whole degree is critically discussed with the valuable inputs of students.
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Kantarcı, Kemal, Murat Alper Basaran, and Paşa Mustafa Özyurt. "Comparative Analysis of Central Asian Tourism Product from Point of View of Turkish Travelers: A Case of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekista." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01241.

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Central Asia (CA) region consist of five countries, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, which is the core of Asian continent. Ancient Silk Road has played the critical role of connecting the East and West through the history and today. CA has a rich history, culture and nature conditions as pull factors for world tourism market. This region as a new destination is becoming more important in the international travel and tourism market. All five countries have been experiencing transition period and have been facing some domestic and international issues with respect to tourism perspective. In this study, Turkish travelers for different motivations ranging from business to vacation visiting Central Asia are asked to evaluate the region based on some personal and expectation attributes. The investigation includes some fundamental factors such as key desires to travel to Central Asia or some mind-set not visiting there. For this purpose, approximately 200 responses are gathered from persons traveling there for different motivations including business, travel and so on. Multi Dimensional Scaling is run in order to display graphically the attributes on two dimensional graphs. This research is a pioneer work that sheds light on the future studies that will be conducted by both academicians and practitioners. Also, it reflects the Turkish travelers’ expectations to CA region as a tourism destination. The main findings can be summarized as the key factors leading people either to travel CA or not to travel there by gender, country and some other personal attributes.
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Kovačević, Dorotea, Dajana Kupres, Fran Šepat, and Maja Brozović. "Exploring odor associations based on packaging visual elements." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p57.

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Previous studies have shown that packaging design can influence people’s expectations regarding product attributes. This study explored the role of packaging visual design in presenting a nonvisual attribute (i.e. odor) by investigating consumers’ responses to various graphic designs displayed on perfume packaging. Particularly, the aim was to examine how different visual elements (such as patterns, photographs and illustrations) influence product choices, preferences and odor associations. 136 people participated in the study, with approximately equal numbers of males and females. They were presented with 10 packaging samples. The samples were of the same shape and size but with different visual elements. The results of the experiment confirmed that participants associated highly recognizable objects with their specific odors. For example, a lemon pattern was paired with a fresh smell, and an image of a rose was paired with a floral smell. On the other hand, when packaging presented odor-neutral objects, the participants’ responses were not uniform. The design which was associated with the largest range of smells was the one with a photograph of a human body, which was paired with three different perfume types (namely, floral, woody and oriental). When data were split by gender, the results suggested that men had a preference for regular and sharp visual shapes. Another relevant finding is that perception of perfume packaging can be influenced by age. Young participants mostly preferred abstract visual shapes for perfume presentations. The results of the choice task indicated that young participants were more sensitive to variations in design than mature participants. Furthermore, they associated most of the packaging designs with more than one type of smell. The findings can be useful for successful perfume packaging design, especially when young consumers are the main target audience.
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Reports on the topic "Gender role expectations"

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Chauvin, Juan Pablo, and Clemence Tricaud. Gender and Electoral Incentives: Evidence from Crisis Respons. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004458.

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While there is evidence of gender differences in leaders behavior, less is known about what drives these gaps. This paper uncovers the role of electoral incentives. Using a close election regression discontinuity design in Brazil, we first show that female mayors handled the COVID-19 crisis differently over the year 2020, which ended with new municipal elections. We find that having a female mayor led to more deaths per capita at the beginning of the pandemic a period characterized by uncertainty about the severity of the threat but to fewer deaths per capita later in the year, a period where this uncertainty was reduced. We provide additional evidence that female mayors were less likely to close non-essential businesses early on, and more likely to do so at the end, and that residents in female-led municipalities were more likely to stay at home in the weeks surrounding the election. We then show that these results can be rationalized by a simple political agency model where politicians seek re-election and where voters assess female and male politicians actions differently. Consistent with this interpretation, we show that the gender differences we find are driven exclusively by mayors who were not term-limited and thus allowed to run for re-election, and that the effects are stronger in municipalities with greater gender discrimination. Taken together, the results suggest that female and male leaders face different electoral incentives and adapt their policy decisions to voters expectations.
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D’Acunto, Francesco, Ulrike Malmendier, and Michael Weber. Gender Roles and the Gender Expectations Gap. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26837.

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Hicks, Jacqueline. Global Evidence on the Prevalence and Impact of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.140.

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This rapid review updates a previous report (Fraser and Martineau-Searle, 2018) with evidence from 2018 onwards. It finds an evidence base on online gender-based violence (OGBV) covering a wider range of countries than the previous report. Some key findings on the nature and prevalence of OGBV include: The most recent surveys show a prevalence of OGBV ranging from 16% to 58%; Men and boys also experience online abuse in high numbers, but it is less likely to be gender-based; Several studies from different countries identify Facebook as the top location for incidents of OGBV; Higher levels of online harassment and abuse are faced by people with intersecting inequality factors; According to victim-survivors, perpetrators are more likely to be unknown and acting alone, but large numbers are known to the victims. Perpetrators themselves report divergent, multifaceted and often over-lapping motivations for their actions; Analysis of underlying drivers of OGBV highlights an overarching theme of power and control, and heteronormative expectations around gender roles and sexual practice. Many authors recommend that OGBV be understood as part of a continuum of abuse where normalised behaviours, such as sexual harassment in public spaces, shade into behaviours widely recognized as criminal, such as physical assault. The societal impact of OGBV includes: Media freedom is compromised; Democracy being undermined; Economic losses resulting from lost productivity; A ‘climate of unsafety’ prevails. Evidence base: The number of surveys about self-reported experiences with online harassment has increased rapidly. The majority of the research found during the course of this rapid review came from international and domestic non-governmental organisations and think-tanks. Academic research studies were also found, including several literature reviews.
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White, Jessica. Consensus vs. Complexity: Challenges of Adaptability for the UN Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Framework & the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. RESOLVE Network, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/sfi2022.3.

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United Nations (UN) counter-terrorism (CT) policies are challenged by the emergence and resurgence of different threat profiles on the security horizon because its response framework is focused on one type of terrorism and violent extremism (T/VE) threat. As there is increasing focus on the threat of extreme right-wing T/VE in the current social and political context in the West, for example, the challenges of adaptability and transferability become apparent. This is often due to the lack of flexibility and nuance of the conversation around CT at the UN level. This same lack of consideration for complexity can be exemplified through the case of the UN Security Council’s (UNSC) Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda and the subsequent application of gender mainstreaming strategies. The WPS agenda was introduced with UNSC Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in 2000 and developed over the next two decades with the adoption of nine follow-on resolutions. The increasing visibility of the impacts of terrorist groups on women and girls, and the articulation by some groups of a strategy that specifically targeted gender equality or utilized narratives promoting the subjugation of women, created greater momentum to push for the integration of the WPS and CT agendas, reflected most significantly in UNSCR 2242. However, even with this necessary focus on the protection and empowerment of women in the peace and security space, there has often been a more limited policy conversation around the wider gender perspective and analysis needed to effectively implement gender mainstreaming strategies. There needs to be increased attention given to understanding how socio-culturally defined gender roles and expectations impact how and why every individual engages with T/VE. Additionally, research is needed on how the wider gender equality goal of gender mainstreaming strategies can be implemented This research brief examines the adaptability and transferability of the last two decades of UN CT legal and policy frameworks and architecture to the evolving threat landscape.
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