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Academic literature on the topic 'Gene Leafhopper'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gene Leafhopper"
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El-Hady, Rabab M. "Genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny of leafhopper <i>Batracomorphus signatus</i> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Egypt." Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 7, no. 2 (2024): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejppri.v7i2.10.
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Classic identification of leafhoppers is based only on the morphology of male genitalia. However, genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny are effective tools to identify different leafhopper species in any stage of their life cycle and to study the evolution of any species to estimate its phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCOI) region has been the source of DNA sequence data frequently used to infer evolutionary relationships among insects at various taxonomic levels. The current work explores the molecular evolution of the leafhopper Batracomorphus signatus Lindberg (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and its applicability in reconstructing phylogenetic connections within and among the leafhopper species by using the COX gene and 28SrDNA (NCBI accession No. LC775122.1 and LC670604.1, respectively.
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Boutareaud, A., J. L. Danet, M. Garnier, and C. Saillard. "Disruption of a Gene Predicted To Encode a Solute Binding Protein of an ABC Transporter Reduces Transmission of Spiroplasma citri by the Leafhopper Circulifer haematoceps." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (2004): 3960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.3960-3967.2004.
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ABSTRACT Spiroplasma citri is transmitted from plant to plant by phloem-feeding leafhoppers. In an attempt to identify mechanisms involved in transmission, mutants of S. citri affected in their transmission must be available. For this purpose, transposon (Tn4001) mutagenesis was used to produce mutants which have been screened for their ability to be transmitted by the leafhopper vector Circulifer haematoceps to periwinkle plants. With one mutant (G76) which multiplied in leafhoppers as efficiently as S. citri wild-type (wt) strain GII-3, the plants showed symptoms 4 to 5 weeks later than those infected with wt GII-3. Thirty to fifty percent of plants exposed to leafhoppers injected with G76 remained symptomless, whereas for wt GII-3, all plants exposed to the transmission showed severe symptoms. This suggests that the mutant G76 was injected into plants by the leafhoppers less efficiently than wt GII-3. To check this possibility, the number of spiroplasma cells injected by a leafhopper through a Parafilm membrane into SP4 medium was determined. Thirty times less mutant G76 than wt GII-3 was transmitted through the membrane. These results suggest that mutant G76 was affected either in its capacity to penetrate the salivary glands and/or to multiply within them. In mutant G76, transposon Tn4001 was shown to be inserted into a gene encoding a putative lipoprotein (Sc76) In the ABCdb database Sc76 protein was noted as a solute binding protein of an ABC transporter of the family S1_b. Functional complementation of the G76 mutant with the Sc76 gene restored the wild phenotype, showing that Sc76 protein is involved in S. citri transmission by the leafhopper vector C. haematoceps.
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Dietrich, Christopher H., Julie M. Allen, Alan R. Lemmon, et al. "Anchored Hybrid Enrichment-Based Phylogenomics of Leafhoppers and Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea)." Insect Systematics and Diversity 1, no. 1 (2017): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixx003.
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Abstract A data set comprising DNA sequences from 388 loci and &gt;99,000 aligned nucleotide positions, generated using anchored hybrid enrichment, was used to estimate relationships among 138 leafhoppers and treehoppers representative of all major lineages of Membracoidea, the most diverse superfamily of hemipteran insects. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated nucleotide sequence data set using maximum likelihood produced a tree with most branches receiving high support. A separate coalescent gene tree analysis of the same data generally recovered the same strongly supported clades but was less well resolved overall. Several nodes pertaining to relationships among leafhopper subfamilies currently recognized based on morphological criteria were separated by short internodes and received low support. Although various higher taxa were corroborated with improved branch support, relationships among some major lineages of Membracoidea are only somewhat more resolved than previously published phylogenies based on single gene regions or morphology. In agreement with previous studies, the present results indicate that leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) are paraphyletic with respect to the three recognized families of treehoppers (Aetalionidae, Melizoderidae, and Membracidae). Divergence time estimates indicate that most of the poorly resolved divergence events among major leafhopper lineages occurred during the lower to middle Cretaceous and that most modern leafhopper subfamilies, as well as the lineage comprising the three recognized families of treehoppers, also arose during the Cretaceous.
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Crosslin, J. M., G. J. Vandemark, and J. E. Munyaneza. "Development of a Real-Time, Quantitative PCR for Detection of the Columbia Basin Potato Purple Top Phytoplasma in Plants and Beet Leafhoppers." Plant Disease 90, no. 5 (2006): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0663.
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A quantitative, real-time “TaqMan” polymerase chain reaction assay (real-time PCR) was developed which was capable of detecting and quantifying a group 16SrVI phytoplasma in DNA extracts prepared from infected tomatoes, potatoes, and beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus). Primers and probe were designed from the 16S rRNA gene of the Columbia Basin potato purple top phytoplasma, which is closely related to the beet leafhopper transmitted virescence agent. The detection limit in phytoplasma-infected tomato DNA was approximately 50 pg. The concentration of phytoplasma varied considerably among potato plants showing symptoms of purple top. The pathogen was readily detected in extracts from single or groups of five beet leafhoppers. As with infected potatoes, the concentration of phytoplasma in individual leafhoppers was variable. The assay also detected aster yellows (group 16SrI) and pigeon pea witches'-broom (group 16SrIX) phytoplasmas in infected periwinkle plants. The real-time PCR was at least as sensitive as the commonly used and more labor-intensive nested PCR for detection of the pathogen.
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Killiny, Nabil, Brigitte Batailler, Xavier Foissac, and Colette Saillard. "Identification of a Spiroplasma citri hydrophilic protein associated with insect transmissibility." Microbiology 152, no. 4 (2006): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28602-0.
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With the aim of identifying Spiroplasma citri proteins involved in transmission by the leafhopper Circulifer haematoceps, protein maps of four transmissible and four non-transmissible strains were compared. Total cell lysates of strains were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using commercially available immobilized pH gradients (IPGs) covering a pH range of 4–7. Approximately 530 protein spots were visualized by silver staining and the resulting protein spot patterns for the eight strains were found to be highly similar. However, comparison using PDQuest 2-D analysis software revealed two trains of protein spots that were present only in the four transmissible strains. Using MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry and a nearly complete S. citri protein database, established during the still-ongoing S. citri GII-3-3X genome project, the sequences of both proteins were deduced. One of these proteins was identified in the general databases as adhesion-related protein (P89) involved in the attachment of S. citri to gut cells of the insect vector. The second protein, with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa deduced from the electrophoretic mobility, could not be assigned to a known protein and was named P32. The P32-encoding gene (714 bp) was carried by a large plasmid of 35·3 kbp present in transmissible strains and missing in non-transmissible strains. PCR products with primers designed from the p32 gene were obtained only with genomic DNA isolated from transmissible strains. Therefore, P32 has a putative role in the transmission process and it could be considered as a marker for S. citri leafhopper transmissibility. Functional complementation of a non-transmissible strain with the p32 gene did not restore the transmissible phenotype, despite the expression of P32 in the complemented strain. Electron microscopic observations of salivary glands of leafhoppers infected with the complemented strain revealed a close contact between spiroplasmas and the plasmalemma of the insect cells. This further suggests that P32 protein contributes to the association of S. citri with host membranes.
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Rai, Stuti, and Naresh M. Meshram. "A new leafhopper species of the genus Anagonalia from India (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae)." ZooKeys 1004 (December 17, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1004.26253.
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A new leafhopper species, Anagonalia lapnanensissp. nov., is described from Arunachal Pradesh, India. A morphological variant is also described which, is interpreted as belonging to the same species due to negligible divergence in the COI mtDNA gene. Detailed illustration of males and female are provided.
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Rai, Stuti, and Naresh M. Meshram. "A new leafhopper species of the genus Anagonalia from India (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae)." ZooKeys 1004 (December 17, 2020): 141–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1004.26253.
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A new leafhopper species, Anagonalia lapnanensis sp. nov., is described from Arunachal Pradesh, India. A morphological variant is also described which, is interpreted as belonging to the same species due to negligible divergence in the COI mtDNA gene. Detailed illustration of males and female are provided.
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Demeuse, Katherine L., Ari S. Grode, and Zsofia Szendrei. "Comparing qPCR and Nested PCR Diagnostic Methods for Aster Yellows Phytoplasma in Aster Leafhoppers." Plant Disease 100, no. 12 (2016): 2513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1444-re.
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The aster yellows phytoplasma (AYp) is a wall-less bacterium that causes damage in multiple crops. They are spread primarily by the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). A total of 3,156 aster leafhoppers were collected during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in Michigan celery and carrot fields using sweep nets. The objective of this study was to test previously developed 16S rDNA phytoplasma gene primers to find the most reliable and least time-consuming method for AYp detection in leafhoppers. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2, and then, restriction enzymes AluI, MseI, and HhaI identified the phytoplasma to subgroup. Over the two years, 2.2% of samples were phytoplasma positive with nested PCR, classified in subgroups 16SrI-A or 16SrI-B. All samples were also tested with a TaqMan quantitative qPCR assay with universal phytoplasma primers and probe and 4.6% tested positive. A subset of samples were also tested with AYp-specific SYBR green qPCR, showing a >93% similarity between SYBR green and TaqMan qPCR assay results. The qPCR assays were more than two times faster than nested PCR. However, qPCR assays likely have specificity issues that need to be addressed before they can be used as a reliable method of detection for AYp in leafhoppers.
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Lee, I. M., M. Martini, K. D. Bottner, R. A. Dane, M. C. Black, and N. Troxclair. "Ecological Implications from a Molecular Analysis of Phytoplasmas Involved in an Aster Yellows Epidemic in Various Crops in Texas." Phytopathology® 93, no. 11 (2003): 1368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.11.1368.
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In the spring of 2000, an aster yellows (AY) epidemic occurred in carrot crops in the Winter Garden region of southwestern Texas. A survey revealed that vegetable crops, including cabbage, onion, parsley, and dill, and some weeds also were infected by AY phytoplasmas. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified phytoplasma 16S rDNA were employed for the detection and identification of phytoplasmas associated with these crops and weeds. Phytoplasmas belonging to two subgroups, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, in the AY group (16SrI), were predominantly detected in infected plants. Carrot, parsley, and dill were infected with both subgroups. Onion and three species of weeds (prickly lettuce, lazy daisy, and false ragweed) were predominantly or exclusively infected by subgroup 16SrI-A phytoplasma strains, while cabbage was infected by subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasmas. Both types of phytoplasmas were detected in three leafhopper species, Macrosteles fascifrons, Scaphytopius irroratus, and Ceratagallia abrupta, commonly present in this region during the period of the epidemic. Mixed infections were very common in individual carrot, parsley, and dill plants and in individual leafhoppers. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences indicated that phytoplasma strains within subgroup 16SrI-A or subgroup 16SrI-B, detected in various plant species and putative insect vectors, were highly homogeneous. However, based on rp sequences, two rpI subgroups were identified within the subgroup 16SrI-A strain cluster. The majority of subgroup 16SrI-A phytoplasma strains were classified as rp subgroup rpI-A, but phytoplasma strains detected in one onion sample and two leafhoppers (M. fascifrons and C. abrupta) were different and classified as a new rp subgroup, rpI-N. The degree of genetic homogeneity of the phytoplasmas involved in the epidemic suggested that the phytoplasmas came from the same pool and that all three leafhopper species may have been involved in the epidemic. The different phytoplasma population profiles present in various crops may be attributed to the ecological constraints as a result of the vector-phytoplasma-plant three-way interaction.
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Macatula, R. F., R. P. Basilio, and O. Mochida. "Seed Treatment with Calcium Peroxide to Control Green Leafhopper (GLH) and Brown Planthopper (BPH)." International Rice Research Newsletter 12, no. 2 (1987): 33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7122515.
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This article 'Seed Treatment with Calcium Peroxide to Control Green Leafhopper (GLH) and Brown Planthopper (BPH)' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Book chapters on the topic "Gene Leafhopper"
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Bentur, Jagadish S., R. M. Sundaram, Satendra Kumar Mangrauthia, and Suresh Nair. "Molecular Approaches for Insect Pest Management in Rice." In Rice Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_11.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the progress made in using molecular tools in understanding resistance in rice to insect pests and breeding rice for multiple and durable insect resistance. Currently, molecular markers are being extensively used to tag, map, introgress, and clone plant resistance genes against gall midge, planthoppers, and leafhoppers. Studies on cloned insect resistance genes are leading to a better understanding of plant defense against insect pests under different feeding guilds. While marker-assisted breeding is successfully tackling problems in durable and multiple pest resistance in rice, genomics of plants and insects has identified RNAi-based gene silencing as an alternative approach for conferring insect resistance. The use of these techniques in rice is in the developmental stage, with the main focus on brown planthopper and yellow stem borer. CRISPR-based genome editing techniques for pest control in plants has just begun. Insect susceptibility genes (negative regulators of resistance genes) in plants are apt targets for this approach while gene drive in insect populations, as a tool to study rice-pest interactions, is another concept being tested. Transformation of crop plants with diverse insecticidal genes is a proven technology with potential for commercial success. Despite advances in the development and testing of transgenic rice for insect resistance, no insect-resistant rice cultivar is now being commercially cultivated. An array of molecular tools is being used to study insect-rice interactions at transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, mitogenome, and metagenome levels, especially with reference to BPH and gall midge, and such studies are uncovering new approaches for insect pest management and for understanding population genetics and phylogeography of rice pests. Thus, it is evident that the new knowledge being gained through these studies has provided us with new tools and information for facing future challenges. However, what is also evident is that our attempts to manage rice pests cannot be a one-time effort but must be a continuing one.
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Manurung, B., A. Hasairin, and A. H. Daulae. "GENETIC ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ZIGZAG LEAFHOPPER MAIESTAS DORSALIS (MOTSCHULSKY) USING MITOCHONDRIAL COI GENE." In Explorando a vida: uma jornada pelas ciências biológicas 2. Atena Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2572410078.
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Kathirithamby, Jeyaraney. "Further Homage To Santa Rosalia Discovery at last of the elusive females of a species of Myrmecolacidae (Strepsiptera: Insecta)." In Narrow Roads Of Gene Land. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198566908.003.0006.
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Abstract I first met Bill at Imperial College, London, and he struck me as a quiet but very hard-working scientist. I was researching leafhoppers then, which are not strange and unusual insects, so other than polite greetings we did not engage in long conversations. However, when Bill came to Oxford in 1984 we met often to talk about Strepsiptera, as I had begun working seriously on this group in 1979. Bill was curious about all things strange—hence his interest in these bizarre entomophagous parasites. He regularly stopped by my room to chat about the latest find in Strepsiptera. It was just after Christmas 1999 that I last saw him, before his trip to the Congo in January 2000. He wanted to photocopy something to send Naomie Pierce, and had forgotten his copying key, so I lent him mine.
Reports on the topic "Gene Leafhopper"
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Davis, Robert E., Edna Tanne, James P. Prince, and Meir Klein. Yellow Disease of Grapevines: Impact, Pathogen Molecular Detection and Identification, Epidemiology, and Potential for Control. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568792.bard.
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Grapevine yellows diseases characterized by similar symptoms have been reported in several countries including Israel, the United States, France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Australia. These diseases are among the most serious known in grapevine, but precise knowledge of the pathogens' identities and modes of their spread is needed to devise effective control stratgegies. The overall goals of this project were to develop improved molecular diagnostic procedures for detection and identification of the presumed mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) pathogens, now termed phytoplasmas, and to apply these procedures to investigate impact and spread and potential for controlling grapevine yellows diseases. In the course of this research project, increased incidence of grapevine yellows was found in Israel and the United States; the major grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel was identified and tis 16S rRNA gene characterized; leafhopper vectors of this grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel were identified; a second phytoplasma was discovered in diseased grapevines in Israel; the grapevine yellows disease in the U.S. was found to be distinct from that in Israel; grapevine yellows in Virginia, USA, was found to be caused by two different phytoplasmas; both phytoplasmas in Virginia grapevines were molecularly characterized and classified; commercial grapevines in Europe were discovered to host a phytoplasma associated with aster yellow disease in the USA, but this phytoplasma has not been found in grapevine in the USA; the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was found to be distinct from the grapevine phytoplasmas in Israel, the United States and Europe and was described and named "Candidatus phytoplasma australiense", and weed host plants acting as potential reservoirs of the grapevine phytoplasmas were discovered. These and other findings from the project should aid in the design and development of strategies for managing the grapevine yellows disease problem.