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Journal articles on the topic 'Gene Leafhopper'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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El-Hady, Rabab M. "Genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny of leafhopper Batracomorphus signatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Egypt." Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 7, no. 2 (2024): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejppri.v7i2.10.

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Classic identification of leafhoppers is based only on the morphology of male genitalia. However, genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny are effective tools to identify different leafhopper species in any stage of their life cycle and to study the evolution of any species to estimate its phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCOI) region has been the source of DNA sequence data frequently used to infer evolutionary relationships among insects at various taxonomic levels. The current work explores the molecular evolution of the leafhopper Batracomorphus signatus Lindberg (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and its applicability in reconstructing phylogenetic connections within and among the leafhopper species by using the COX gene and 28SrDNA (NCBI accession No. LC775122.1 and LC670604.1, respectively.

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Boutareaud, A., J. L. Danet, M. Garnier, and C. Saillard. "Disruption of a Gene Predicted To Encode a Solute Binding Protein of an ABC Transporter Reduces Transmission of Spiroplasma citri by the Leafhopper Circulifer haematoceps." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (2004): 3960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.3960-3967.2004.

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ABSTRACT Spiroplasma citri is transmitted from plant to plant by phloem-feeding leafhoppers. In an attempt to identify mechanisms involved in transmission, mutants of S. citri affected in their transmission must be available. For this purpose, transposon (Tn4001) mutagenesis was used to produce mutants which have been screened for their ability to be transmitted by the leafhopper vector Circulifer haematoceps to periwinkle plants. With one mutant (G76) which multiplied in leafhoppers as efficiently as S. citri wild-type (wt) strain GII-3, the plants showed symptoms 4 to 5 weeks later than those infected with wt GII-3. Thirty to fifty percent of plants exposed to leafhoppers injected with G76 remained symptomless, whereas for wt GII-3, all plants exposed to the transmission showed severe symptoms. This suggests that the mutant G76 was injected into plants by the leafhoppers less efficiently than wt GII-3. To check this possibility, the number of spiroplasma cells injected by a leafhopper through a Parafilm membrane into SP4 medium was determined. Thirty times less mutant G76 than wt GII-3 was transmitted through the membrane. These results suggest that mutant G76 was affected either in its capacity to penetrate the salivary glands and/or to multiply within them. In mutant G76, transposon Tn4001 was shown to be inserted into a gene encoding a putative lipoprotein (Sc76) In the ABCdb database Sc76 protein was noted as a solute binding protein of an ABC transporter of the family S1_b. Functional complementation of the G76 mutant with the Sc76 gene restored the wild phenotype, showing that Sc76 protein is involved in S. citri transmission by the leafhopper vector C. haematoceps.

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Dietrich, Christopher H., Julie M. Allen, Alan R. Lemmon, et al. "Anchored Hybrid Enrichment-Based Phylogenomics of Leafhoppers and Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea)." Insect Systematics and Diversity 1, no. 1 (2017): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixx003.

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Abstract A data set comprising DNA sequences from 388 loci and &gt;99,000 aligned nucleotide positions, generated using anchored hybrid enrichment, was used to estimate relationships among 138 leafhoppers and treehoppers representative of all major lineages of Membracoidea, the most diverse superfamily of hemipteran insects. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated nucleotide sequence data set using maximum likelihood produced a tree with most branches receiving high support. A separate coalescent gene tree analysis of the same data generally recovered the same strongly supported clades but was less well resolved overall. Several nodes pertaining to relationships among leafhopper subfamilies currently recognized based on morphological criteria were separated by short internodes and received low support. Although various higher taxa were corroborated with improved branch support, relationships among some major lineages of Membracoidea are only somewhat more resolved than previously published phylogenies based on single gene regions or morphology. In agreement with previous studies, the present results indicate that leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) are paraphyletic with respect to the three recognized families of treehoppers (Aetalionidae, Melizoderidae, and Membracidae). Divergence time estimates indicate that most of the poorly resolved divergence events among major leafhopper lineages occurred during the lower to middle Cretaceous and that most modern leafhopper subfamilies, as well as the lineage comprising the three recognized families of treehoppers, also arose during the Cretaceous.

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Crosslin, J. M., G. J. Vandemark, and J. E. Munyaneza. "Development of a Real-Time, Quantitative PCR for Detection of the Columbia Basin Potato Purple Top Phytoplasma in Plants and Beet Leafhoppers." Plant Disease 90, no. 5 (2006): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0663.

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A quantitative, real-time “TaqMan” polymerase chain reaction assay (real-time PCR) was developed which was capable of detecting and quantifying a group 16SrVI phytoplasma in DNA extracts prepared from infected tomatoes, potatoes, and beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus). Primers and probe were designed from the 16S rRNA gene of the Columbia Basin potato purple top phytoplasma, which is closely related to the beet leafhopper transmitted virescence agent. The detection limit in phytoplasma-infected tomato DNA was approximately 50 pg. The concentration of phytoplasma varied considerably among potato plants showing symptoms of purple top. The pathogen was readily detected in extracts from single or groups of five beet leafhoppers. As with infected potatoes, the concentration of phytoplasma in individual leafhoppers was variable. The assay also detected aster yellows (group 16SrI) and pigeon pea witches'-broom (group 16SrIX) phytoplasmas in infected periwinkle plants. The real-time PCR was at least as sensitive as the commonly used and more labor-intensive nested PCR for detection of the pathogen.

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Killiny, Nabil, Brigitte Batailler, Xavier Foissac, and Colette Saillard. "Identification of a Spiroplasma citri hydrophilic protein associated with insect transmissibility." Microbiology 152, no. 4 (2006): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28602-0.

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With the aim of identifying Spiroplasma citri proteins involved in transmission by the leafhopper Circulifer haematoceps, protein maps of four transmissible and four non-transmissible strains were compared. Total cell lysates of strains were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using commercially available immobilized pH gradients (IPGs) covering a pH range of 4–7. Approximately 530 protein spots were visualized by silver staining and the resulting protein spot patterns for the eight strains were found to be highly similar. However, comparison using PDQuest 2-D analysis software revealed two trains of protein spots that were present only in the four transmissible strains. Using MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry and a nearly complete S. citri protein database, established during the still-ongoing S. citri GII-3-3X genome project, the sequences of both proteins were deduced. One of these proteins was identified in the general databases as adhesion-related protein (P89) involved in the attachment of S. citri to gut cells of the insect vector. The second protein, with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa deduced from the electrophoretic mobility, could not be assigned to a known protein and was named P32. The P32-encoding gene (714 bp) was carried by a large plasmid of 35·3 kbp present in transmissible strains and missing in non-transmissible strains. PCR products with primers designed from the p32 gene were obtained only with genomic DNA isolated from transmissible strains. Therefore, P32 has a putative role in the transmission process and it could be considered as a marker for S. citri leafhopper transmissibility. Functional complementation of a non-transmissible strain with the p32 gene did not restore the transmissible phenotype, despite the expression of P32 in the complemented strain. Electron microscopic observations of salivary glands of leafhoppers infected with the complemented strain revealed a close contact between spiroplasmas and the plasmalemma of the insect cells. This further suggests that P32 protein contributes to the association of S. citri with host membranes.

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Rai, Stuti, and Naresh M. Meshram. "A new leafhopper species of the genus Anagonalia from India (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae)." ZooKeys 1004 (December 17, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1004.26253.

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A new leafhopper species, Anagonalia lapnanensissp. nov., is described from Arunachal Pradesh, India. A morphological variant is also described which, is interpreted as belonging to the same species due to negligible divergence in the COI mtDNA gene. Detailed illustration of males and female are provided.

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A new leafhopper species, Anagonalia lapnanensis sp. nov., is described from Arunachal Pradesh, India. A morphological variant is also described which, is interpreted as belonging to the same species due to negligible divergence in the COI mtDNA gene. Detailed illustration of males and female are provided.

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Demeuse, Katherine L., Ari S. Grode, and Zsofia Szendrei. "Comparing qPCR and Nested PCR Diagnostic Methods for Aster Yellows Phytoplasma in Aster Leafhoppers." Plant Disease 100, no. 12 (2016): 2513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1444-re.

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The aster yellows phytoplasma (AYp) is a wall-less bacterium that causes damage in multiple crops. They are spread primarily by the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). A total of 3,156 aster leafhoppers were collected during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in Michigan celery and carrot fields using sweep nets. The objective of this study was to test previously developed 16S rDNA phytoplasma gene primers to find the most reliable and least time-consuming method for AYp detection in leafhoppers. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2, and then, restriction enzymes AluI, MseI, and HhaI identified the phytoplasma to subgroup. Over the two years, 2.2% of samples were phytoplasma positive with nested PCR, classified in subgroups 16SrI-A or 16SrI-B. All samples were also tested with a TaqMan quantitative qPCR assay with universal phytoplasma primers and probe and 4.6% tested positive. A subset of samples were also tested with AYp-specific SYBR green qPCR, showing a >93% similarity between SYBR green and TaqMan qPCR assay results. The qPCR assays were more than two times faster than nested PCR. However, qPCR assays likely have specificity issues that need to be addressed before they can be used as a reliable method of detection for AYp in leafhoppers.

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Lee, I. M., M. Martini, K. D. Bottner, R. A. Dane, M. C. Black, and N. Troxclair. "Ecological Implications from a Molecular Analysis of Phytoplasmas Involved in an Aster Yellows Epidemic in Various Crops in Texas." Phytopathology® 93, no. 11 (2003): 1368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.11.1368.

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In the spring of 2000, an aster yellows (AY) epidemic occurred in carrot crops in the Winter Garden region of southwestern Texas. A survey revealed that vegetable crops, including cabbage, onion, parsley, and dill, and some weeds also were infected by AY phytoplasmas. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified phytoplasma 16S rDNA were employed for the detection and identification of phytoplasmas associated with these crops and weeds. Phytoplasmas belonging to two subgroups, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, in the AY group (16SrI), were predominantly detected in infected plants. Carrot, parsley, and dill were infected with both subgroups. Onion and three species of weeds (prickly lettuce, lazy daisy, and false ragweed) were predominantly or exclusively infected by subgroup 16SrI-A phytoplasma strains, while cabbage was infected by subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasmas. Both types of phytoplasmas were detected in three leafhopper species, Macrosteles fascifrons, Scaphytopius irroratus, and Ceratagallia abrupta, commonly present in this region during the period of the epidemic. Mixed infections were very common in individual carrot, parsley, and dill plants and in individual leafhoppers. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences indicated that phytoplasma strains within subgroup 16SrI-A or subgroup 16SrI-B, detected in various plant species and putative insect vectors, were highly homogeneous. However, based on rp sequences, two rpI subgroups were identified within the subgroup 16SrI-A strain cluster. The majority of subgroup 16SrI-A phytoplasma strains were classified as rp subgroup rpI-A, but phytoplasma strains detected in one onion sample and two leafhoppers (M. fascifrons and C. abrupta) were different and classified as a new rp subgroup, rpI-N. The degree of genetic homogeneity of the phytoplasmas involved in the epidemic suggested that the phytoplasmas came from the same pool and that all three leafhopper species may have been involved in the epidemic. The different phytoplasma population profiles present in various crops may be attributed to the ecological constraints as a result of the vector-phytoplasma-plant three-way interaction.

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Macatula, R. F., R. P. Basilio, and O. Mochida. "Seed Treatment with Calcium Peroxide to Control Green Leafhopper (GLH) and Brown Planthopper (BPH)." International Rice Research Newsletter 12, no. 2 (1987): 33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7122515.

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This article 'Seed Treatment with Calcium Peroxide to Control Green Leafhopper (GLH) and Brown Planthopper (BPH)' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

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Zhang, Ni, Jinqiu Wang, Tianyi Pu, Can Li, and Yuehua Song. "Two new species of Erythroneurini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from southern China based on morphology and complete mitogenomes." PeerJ 12 (February 8, 2024): e16853. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16853.

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Erythroneurine leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) are utilized to resolve the relationship between the four erythroneurine leafhopper (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini): Arboridia (Arboridia) rongchangensis sp. nov., Thaia (Thaia) jiulongensis sp. nov., Mitjaevia bifurcata Luo, Song & Song, 2021 and Mitjaevia diana Luo, Song & Song, 2021, the two new species are described and illustrated. The mitochondrial gene sequences of these four species were determined to update the mitochondrial genome database of Erythroneurini. The mitochondrial genomes of four species shared high parallelism in nucleotide composition, base composition and gene order, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and an AT control region, which was consistent with majority of species in Cicadellidae; all genes revealed common trait of a positive AT skew and negative GC skew. The mitogenomes of four species were ultra-conservative in structure, and which isanalogous to that of others in size and A + T content. Phylogenetic trees based on the mitogenome data of these species and another 24 species were built employing the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that the four species belong to the tribe Erythroneurini, M. diana is the sister-group relationship of M. protuberanta + M. bifurcata. The two species Arboridia (Arboridia) rongchangensis sp. nov. and Thaia (Thaia) jiulongensis sp. nov. also have a relatively close genetic relationship with the genus Mitjaevia.

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Trivellone, Valeria, Milana Mitrović, Christopher H. Dietrich, and Ivo Toševski. "Osbornellus auronitens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), an introduced species new for the Palaearctic region." Canadian Entomologist 149, no. 5 (2017): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.7.

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AbstractThe introduction of invasive species may result in important ecological, environmental, and economic impacts. Extensive study of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) fauna in a wine-growing region in southern Switzerland revealed, for the first time, presence of the Nearctic leafhopper Osbornellus auronitens (Provancher) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the vicinity of Stabio (Canton of Ticino). The species identity of the collected specimens was confirmed using morphological and molecular characters. All specimens of O. auronitens were collected in a forest of Castanea sativa Miller (Fagaceae), Corylus avellana Linnaeus (Betulaceae), and Alnus glutinosa (Linnaeus) Gaertner (Betulaceae) intermixed with Cornus sanguinea Linnaeus (Cornaceae), Salix Linnaeus (Salicaceae), and Rubus Linnaeus (Rosaceae). In its native range this leafhopper is polyphagous and a relatively common visitor in vineyards. Based on analysis of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of the collected O. auronitens, 100% identity with specimens of the same species originating from Canada was determined. Osbornellus auronitens is morphologically similar to Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), another introduced Nearctic leafhopper, which was involved in severe outbreaks of disease caused by the Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma (Bacteria: Acholeplasmataceae) in European viticultural regions since the 1960s. In this paper, we report the morphological features to distinguish O. auronitens from S. titanus, and discuss the possible implications of its expected spread across the Old World.

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Heinrichs, E. A., and H. R. Rapusas. "Virulence of Green Leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens Colonies on Rice Cultivars with GLH 2 Or GLH 5 Gene for Resistance." International Rice Research Newsletter 10, no. 4 (1985): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7099664.

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This article 'Virulence of Green Leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens Colonies on Rice Cultivars with GLH 2 Or GLH 5 Gene for Resistance' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

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Tesneem, Nusayr, and Creamer Rebecca. "A novel groel gene from the endosymbiont of beet leafhopper, Candidatus Sulcia muelleri." African Journal of Microbiology Research 11, no. 44 (2017): 1586–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2017.8725.

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Wang, Zhiyi, Yingzhi Zhu, Zhanbiao Li, Xin Yang, Tong Zhang, and Guohui Zhou. "Development of a Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction System for the Detection of Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (2020): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1047-re.

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Rice orange leaf disease (ROLD), caused by rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP), is transmitted by leafhopper vectors Recilia dorsalis and Nephotettix cinticeps. ROLD severely devastates rice production in Asia. Accurate detection of the pathogen is important for disease management. Current nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) method using phytoplasma universal primers is widely used to detect phytoplasmas; however, it has shortcoming of inconvenience and inaccuracy, for it needs two round of PCR reactions and could produce false positive results due to nontarget amplification. In this study, we developed a PCR assay using a set of primers designed based on the ROLP genome sequence to amplify house-keeping gene FtsH-1 in rice and leafhopper vector samples. This method is simple and rapid, and its sensitivity up to 10 pg/μl of total ROLP DNA. It also minimizes the false positive problem produced by nested PCR. This method was used to survey the geographic distribution of ROLD in southern China from 2016 to 2018. The results showed that the distribution areas and vector carrying rate of ROLD had gradually increased.

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Xin, Z. J., X. W. Li, L. Bian, and X. L. Sun. "Tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, chooses suitable host plants by detecting the emission level of (3Z)-hexenyl acetate." Bulletin of Entomological Research 107, no. 1 (2016): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531600064x.

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AbstractGreen leaf volatiles (GLVs) have been reported to play an important role in the host-locating behavior of several folivores that feed on angiosperms. However, next to nothing is known about how the green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, chooses suitable host plants and whether it detects differing emission levels of GLV components among genetically different tea varieties. Here we found that the constitutive transcript level of the tea hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) gene CsiHPL1, and the amounts of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and of total GLV components are significantly higher in tea varieties that are susceptible to E. vitis (Enbiao (EB) and Banzhuyuan (BZY)) than in varieties that are resistant to E. vitis (Changxingzisun (CX) and Juyan (JY)). Moreover, the results of a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay and an oviposition preference assay suggest that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenol offer host and oviposition cues for E. vitis female adults. Taken together, the two GLV components, (Z)-3-hexenol and especially (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, provide a plausible mechanism by which tea green leafhoppers distinguish among resistant and susceptible varieties. Future research should be carried out to obtain the threshold of the above indices and then assess their reasonableness. The development of practical detection indices would greatly improve our ability to screen and develop tea varieties that are resistant to E. vitis.

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TRIAPITSYN, SERGUEI V., PAUL F. RUGMAN-JONES, GILSANG JEONG, JOSEPH G. MORSE, and RICHARD STOUTHAMER. "Morphological and molecular differentiation of the Anagrus epos species complex (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in North America." Zootaxa 2428, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2428.1.1.

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The Anagrus epos Girault species complex of the fairyfly wasp genus Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of Erasmoneura spp., Erythroneura spp., and other leafhoppers, is reviewed using both morphological and molecular methods. A new species, A. vulneratus Triapitsyn sp. n., is described and illustrated from specimens reared from eggs of the leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on grapevines from Colorado, USA. Discussed and corrected are the earlier published host and distribution records of A. epos, which is rediagnosed, and also of A. daanei Triapitsyn. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data provides a genetic signature for A. epos and within the remainder of the species complex identifies A. tretiakovae Triapitsyn as being the most divergent member, confirms A. vulneratus as a separate entity, and reveals the closer similarity of specimens from Sonora, Mexico, to A. vulneratus rather than A. epos. Sequences from individuals identified as A. daanei were somewhat heterogeneous and revealed the existence of two distinct rDNA families — one represented by A. daanei from the Pacific Northwest and one by specimens from Colorado. Both gene families were represented by specimens from California, USA, and this finding is discussed in relation to recent use of “A. epos” from Colorado as a biological control agent in California.

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Zhang, Ruirui, Xiaoyue Lun, Yu Zhang, Yunhe Zhao, Xiuxiu Xu, and Zhengqun Zhang. "Characterization of Ionotropic Receptor Gene EnouIR25a in the Tea Green Leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda." Plants 12, no. 10 (2023): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12102034.

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Ionotropic receptors (IRs) play a central role in detecting chemosensory information from the environment and guiding insect behaviors and are potential target genes for pest control. Empoasca onukii Matsuda is a major pest of the tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze, and seriously influences tea yields and quality. In this study, the ionotropic receptor gene EnouIR25a in E. onukii was cloned, and the expression pattern of EnouIR25a was detected in various tissues. Behavioral responses of E. onukii to volatile compounds emitted by tea plants were determined using olfactometer bioassay and field trials. To further explore the function of EnouIR25a in olfactory recognition of compounds, RNA interference (RNAi) of EnouIR25a was carried out by ingestion of in vitro synthesized dsRNAs. The coding sequence (CDS) length of EnouIR25a was 1266 bp and it encoded a 48.87 kD protein. EnouIR25a was enriched in the antennae of E. onukii. E. onukii was more significantly attracted by 1-phenylethanol at a concentration of 100 µL/mL. Feeding with dsEonuIR25a significantly downregulated the expression level of EonuIR25a, after 3 h of treatment, which disturbed the behavioral responses of E. onukii to 1-phenylethanol at a concentration of 100 µL/mL. The response rate of E. onukii to 1-phenylethanol was significantly decreased after dsEonuIR25a treatment for 12 h. In summary, the ionotropic receptor gene EnouIR25a was highly expressed in the antennae of E. onukii and was involved in olfactory recognition of the tea plant volatile 1-phenylethanol. The present study may help us to use the ionotropic receptor gene as a target for the behavioral manipulation of E. onukii in the future.

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Miklas, P. N., Y. S. Seo, and R. L. Gilbertson. "Quantitative Resistance to Bean dwarf mosaic virus in Common Bean Is Associated with the Bct Gene for Resistance to Beet curly top virus." Plant Disease 93, no. 6 (2009): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-6-0645.

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The dominant resistance gene, Bct, in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) confers qualitative resistance to Beet curly top virus, a leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus in the genus Curtovirus. To determine whether this gene confers resistance to other geminiviruses, bean plants of a recombinant inbred population were sap-inoculated with Bean dwarf mosaic virus (BDMV), a whitefly-transmitted bipartite begomovirus in the genus Begomovirus. Results indicated that Bct (or tightly linked gene) is associated with quantitative resistance to BDMV; thus, the Bct locus is associated with resistance to a bean-infecting begomovirus and curtovirus. The difference in the nature of the resistance to these geminiviruses may indicate a role for minor genes in begomovirus resistance or differences in the virus–host interaction. The Bct locus, whether it acts alone or represents a cluster of tightly linked genes, will be useful in breeding for broad-spectrum begomovirus resistance in common bean.

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Manurung, B., A. Hasairin, and A. H. Daulae. "Genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny of zigzag leafhopper Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky) using mitochondrial COI gene." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 457 (March 27, 2020): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/457/1/012021.

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Matsumoto, Yukiko, and Makoto Hattori. "GENE SILENCING BY PARENTAL RNA INTERFERENCE IN THE GREEN RICE LEAFHOPPER,Nephotettix cincticeps(HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)." Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 91, no. 3 (2016): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.21315.

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Shah, Bismillah, Muhammad Asghar Hassan, Bingqing Xie, et al. "Mitogenomic Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications for the Deltocephaline Tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)." Insects 15, no. 4 (2024): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15040253.

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The grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) presently comprises 324 described species worldwide, with the highest species diversity occurring in the Nearctic region but a greater diversity of genera occurring in the Old World. In China, this tribe comprises 39 described species in 11 genera, but the fauna remains understudied. The complete mitogenomes of three species of this tribe have been sequenced previously. In order to better understand the phylogenetic position of Chiasmini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae and to investigate relationships among Chiasmini genera and species, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of 13 species belonging to seven genera from China. Comparison of the newly sequenced mitogenomes reveals a closed circular double-stranded structure containing 37 genes with a total length of 14,805 to 16,269 bp and a variable number of non-coding A + T-rich regions. The gene size, gene order, gene arrangement, base composition, codon usage, and secondary structure of tRNAs of the newly sequenced mitogenomes of these 13 species are highly conserved in Chiasmini. The ATN codon is commonly used as the start codon in protein-coding genes (PCGs), except for ND5 in Doratura sp. and ATP6 in Nephotettix nigropictus, which use the rare GTG start codon. Most protein-coding genes have TAA or TAG as the stop codon, but some genes have an incomplete T stop codon. Except for the tRNA for serine (trnS1(AGN)), the secondary structure of the other 21 tRNAs is a typical cloverleaf structure. In addition to the primary type of G–U mismatch, five other types of tRNA mismatches were observed: A–A, A–C, A–G, U–C, and U–U. Chiasmini mitochondrial genomes exhibit gene overlaps with three relatively stable regions: the overlapping sequence between trnW and trnC is AAGTCTTA, the overlapping sequence between ATP8 and ATP6 is generally ATGATTA, and the overlapping sequence between ND4 and ND4L is generally TTATCAT. The largest non-coding region is the control region, which exhibits significant length and compositional variation among species. Some Chiasmini have tandem repeat structures within their control regions. Unlike some other deltocephaline leafhoppers, the sequenced Chiasmini lack mitochondrial gene rearrangements. Phylogenetic analyses of different combinations of protein-coding and ribosomal genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods under different models, using either amino acid or nucleotide sequences, are generally consistent and also agree with results of prior analyses of nuclear and partial mitochondrial gene sequence data, indicating that complete mitochondrial genomes are phylogenetically informative at different levels of divergence within Chiasmini and among leafhoppers in general. Apart from Athysanini and Opsiini, most of the deltocephaline tribes are recovered as monophyletic. The results of ML and BI analyses show that Chiasmini is a monophyletic group with seven monophyletic genera arranged as follows: ((Zahniserius + (Gurawa + (Doratura + Aconurella))) + (Leofa + (Exitianus + Nephotettix))).

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Shepherd, Dionne N., Tichaona Mangwende, Darren P. Martin, Marion Bezuidenhout, Jennifer A. Thomson, and Edward P. Rybicki. "Inhibition of maize streak virus (MSV) replication by transient and transgenic expression of MSV replication-associated protein mutants." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 1 (2007): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82338-0.

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Maize streak disease is a severe agricultural problem in Africa and the development of maize genotypes resistant to the causal agent, Maize streak virus (MSV), is a priority. A transgenic approach to engineering MSV-resistant maize was developed and tested in this study. A pathogen-derived resistance strategy was adopted by using targeted deletions and nucleotide-substitution mutants of the multifunctional MSV replication-associated protein gene (rep). Various rep gene constructs were tested for their efficacy in limiting replication of wild-type MSV by co-bombardment of maize suspension cells together with an infectious genomic clone of MSV and assaying replicative forms of DNA by quantitative PCR. Digitaria sanguinalis, an MSV-sensitive grass species used as a model monocot, was then transformed with constructs that had inhibited virus replication in the transient-expression system. Challenge experiments using leafhopper-transmitted MSV indicated significant MSV resistance – from highly resistant to immune – in regenerated transgenic D. sanguinalis lines. Whereas regenerated lines containing a mutated full-length rep gene displayed developmental and growth defects, those containing a truncated rep gene both were fertile and displayed no growth defects, making the truncated gene a suitable candidate for the development of transgenic MSV-resistant maize.

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Zhang, Yujie, Wenlong Chen, Ming Li, Lin Yang, and Xiangsheng Chen. "Cloning, phylogenetic research, and prokaryotic expression study of the metabolic detoxification gene EoGSTs1 in Empoasca onukii Matsuda." PeerJ 7 (September 6, 2019): e7641. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7641.

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Due to the misuse of chemical pesticides, small green leafhoppers (Empoasca onukii Matsuda) have developed resistance to pesticides, thereby posing a serious problem to the tea industry. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important family of enzymes that are involved in pesticide resistance in Empoasca onukii Matsuda. Empoasca onukii GST sigma 1 (EoGSTs1, GenBank: MK443501) is a member of the GST family. In this study, the full-length cDNA of EoGSTs1 was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and its taxonomic identity was examined. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses of the gene and structural and functional domain prediction of the protein. The results demonstrate that EoGSTS1 belongs to the Sigma family of GSTs; the full-length EoGSTs1 cDNA is 841 bp with a 624-bp coding region that encodes a 23.68932-kDa protein containing 207 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point (IEP) was calculated to be 6.00. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that EoGSTS1 is closely related to the Sub psaltriayangi subfamily of the Cicadoidea superfamily in order Hemiptera, whereas it is distantly related to Periplaneta americana of order Blattodea. Amino acid sequence alignment of EoGSTS1 and GSTs from four other insects of order Hemiptera revealed protein sequence conservation. Tertiary structure analysis and structural domain functional predictions of the protein revealed that EoGSTS1 contains nine α helices and two β sheets with one conserved GST domain. The results of enzyme activity assay showed that recombinant EoGSTs1 (rEoGSTs1) protein had catalytic activity for substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and exhibited the highest activity at pH 7 and 25 °C. The Michaelis constant Km of rEoGSTs1 protein was 0.07782 ± 0.01990 mmol/L, and the maximum reaction rate Vmax was 12.15 ± 1.673 µmol/min⋅mg. Our study clarified the taxonomic identity of small green leafhopper EoGSTs1 and revealed some properties of the gene and its encoded protein sequence. According to the catalytic activity of the rEoGSTs1 enzyme on the model substrate CDNB, we infer that it functions in the degradation of exogenous substances.

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Park, Soo-Kwon, Do-Yeon Kwak, Dong-Soo Park, et al. "Fine mapping of Grh1, a major gene associated with antibiosis to green rice leafhopper in rice." Molecular Breeding 32, no. 3 (2013): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-013-9896-y.

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Choudhary, Jaipal S., Chandra S. Prabhakar, Naiyar Naaz, et al. "Genetic diversity of mango leafhopper, Amritodus atkinsoni (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) based on mtCOI gene sequences from India." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 1 (2018): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1532332.

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Mao, Meng, Xiushuai Yang, and Gordon M. Bennett. "Evolution of host support for two ancient bacterial symbionts with differentially degraded genomes in a leafhopper host." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 50 (2018): E11691—E11700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811932115.

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Plant sap-feeding insects (Hemiptera) rely on bacterial symbionts for nutrition absent in their diets. These bacteria experience extreme genome reduction and require genetic resources from their hosts, particularly for basic cellular processes other than nutrition synthesis. The host-derived mechanisms that complete these processes have remained poorly understood. It is also unclear how hosts meet the distinct needs of multiple bacterial partners with differentially degraded genomes. To address these questions, we investigated the cell-specific gene-expression patterns in the symbiotic organs of the aster leafhopper (ALF), Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Cicadellidae). ALF harbors two intracellular symbionts that have two of the smallest known bacterial genomes: Nasuia (112 kb) and Sulcia (190 kb). Symbionts are segregated into distinct host cell types (bacteriocytes) and vary widely in their basic cellular capabilities. ALF differentially expresses thousands of genes between the bacteriocyte types to meet the functional needs of each symbiont, including the provisioning of metabolites and support of cellular processes. For example, the host highly expresses genes in the bacteriocytes that likely complement gene losses in nucleic acid synthesis, DNA repair mechanisms, transcription, and translation. Such genes are required to function in the bacterial cytosol. Many host genes comprising these support mechanisms are derived from the evolution of novel functional traits via horizontally transferred genes, reassigned mitochondrial support genes, and gene duplications with bacteriocyte-specific expression. Comparison across other hemipteran lineages reveals that hosts generally support the incomplete symbiont cellular processes, but the origins of these support mechanisms are generally specific to the host–symbiont system.

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Prasad, G. S. V., M. V. S. Sastry, J. R. K. Rao, A. Ghosh, and Y. Kondala Rao. "Relationships of brown planthopper resistance to tungro virus and grain characteristics in rice." Journal of Agricultural Science 109, no. 3 (1987): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081867.

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Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), is one of the most serious insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia. Introduction of resistant varieties could be an effective means of minimizing losses from the pest. Several hundred rice cultivars resistant to the pest have been identified and the genetics of resistance has been analysed. Studies have shown that the genes for resistance to brown planthopper, bph-4, and to green leafhopper, Glh-3, are linked (Sidhu & Khush, 1979). Ideka & Kaneda (1983) reported that bph-2 for brown planthopper resistance was linked with the gene d2 for dwarfness. The present study sought to ascertain relationships between resistance to brown planthopper and tungro virus and grain characteristics.

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Widiarta, I. Nyoman, D. Kusdiaman, Sri S. Siwi, and A. Hasanuddin. "Varian efikasi penularan tungro oleh koloni-koloni wereng hijau Nephotettix virescens distant." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.1.1.50.

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Green leafhopper-resistant variety is one of rice tungro virus disease control measure. Green leafhopper (GLH), Nephotettix virescens is the most efficient vector of tungro. Among 7 sources of resistant gene to GLH 4 genes have been employed to breed resistant variety. Efficiency variant of GLH as indicated by their efficiency to transfer tungro virus was identified by inoculation test. GLH colonies were collected from tungro endemic areas in Java, Bali, West Nusa and South Sulawesi. Efficiency variant of GLH colony was characterized by their ability to transfer tungro virus to GLH-resistant variety with various source of resistant genes. Sources of tungro inoculum were obtained in Bogor. The results of the test showed that there was a variation in the ability of GLH colonies to tranfer tungro to various GLH-resistant variety, thus indicate there was a variant in GLH colony. The ability of GLH colonies to transfer virus ranked from high to low, were West Nusa Tenggara, Bali, East Java , South Sulawesi, D.I. Yogyakarta, West Java and Central Java. On the other hand GLH-resistant variety ranked from resistant to susceptible were varieties with resistant genes group glh4, Glh6, Glh1 and Glh5. Five variants colonies of GLH were successfully identified which named as colony 0050, 0000, 1050, 1650 and 1654. Biotype 0000 has the lowest ability to transfer virus but biotype 1654 efficiently transfer virus to all of GLH-resistant variety groups.

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Manurung, B., Ashar Hasairin, and Abdul Hakim Daulae. "Molecular analysis of rice green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant) from Samosir Island-Indonesia using mitochondrial COI gene." Journal of Entomological Research 44, no. 2 (2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4576.2020.00034.1.

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Medina, Raul F., Steven M. Reyna, and Julio S. Bernal. "Population genetic structure of a specialist leafhopper on Zea: likely anthropogenic and ecological determinants of gene flow." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 142, no. 3 (2012): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01220.x.

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Singh, B. N., and R. C. Saxena. "Resistance levels of green leafhopper gene sources in rice cultivars determined by a no-choice seedling test." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 15, no. 4-5 (1994): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400015745.

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Miyazaki, Sho, Keita Kasahara, Soh Matsui, Makoto Tokuda, and Yoko Saikawa. "Orange Leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctata Feeding Induces Gall Formation Nitrogen Dependently and Regulates Gibberellin Signaling." Plants 9, no. 10 (2020): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101270.

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Orange leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctata feeding induces wallaby ear symptoms, namely growth suppression and gall formation characterized by severe swelling of leaf veins, on various Poaceae, thereby leading to low crop yields. Here, we investigated the development of wallaby ear symptoms on rice seedlings due to C. bipunctata feeding. After confirming that C. bipunctata feeding induces growth suppression and gall formation on rice seedlings, we further demonstrated that gall formation score decreased with decreasing levels of nitrogen in the medium and that C. bipunctata feeding induces the expression levels of nitrogen transporter genes. These gene expression changes may participate in the nutrient accumulation observed in galled tissues and in gall formation. In addition, these expression changes should induce growth promotion but the inhibition of gibberellin signaling by C. bipunctata feeding might be the reason why growth is suppressed. Treatment with plant growth regulators did not affect gall formation, suggesting the existence of a complex gall formation mechanism by C. bipunctata feeding.

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Duret, Sybille, Jean-Luc Danet, Monique Garnier, and Joël Renaudin. "Gene Disruption through Homologous Recombination inSpiroplasma citri: an scm1-Disrupted Motility Mutant Is Pathogenic." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 24 (1999): 7449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.24.7449-7456.1999.

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ABSTRACT To determine whether homologous recombination could be used to inactivate selected genes in Spiroplasma citri, plasmid constructs were designed to disrupt the motility gene scm1. An internal scm1 gene fragment was inserted into plasmid pKT1, which replicates in Escherichia coli but not inS. citri, and into the S. citri oriC plasmid pBOT1, which replicates in spiroplasma cells as well as in E. coli. Electrotransformation of S. citri with the nonreplicative, recombinant plasmid pKTM1 yielded no transformants. In contrast, spiroplasmal transformants were obtained with the replicative, pBOT1-derived plasmid pCJ32. During passaging of the transformants, the plasmid was found to integrate into the chromosome by homologous recombination either at the oriC region or at the scm1 gene. In the latter case, plasmid integration by a single crossover between the scm1 gene fragment carried by the plasmid and the full-length scm1 gene carried by the chromosome led to a nonmotile phenotype. Transmission of thescm1-disrupted mutant to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants through injection into the leafhopper vector (Circulifer haematoceps) showed that the motility mutant multiplied in the insects and was efficiently transmitted to plants, in which it induced symptoms similarly to the wild-type S. citri strain. These results suggest that the spiroplasmal motility may not be essential for pathogenicity and that, more broadly, the S. citri oriC plasmids can be considered promising tools for specific gene disruption by promoting homologous recombination in S. citri, a mollicute which probably lacks a functional RecA protein.

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Berho, Nathalie, Sybille Duret, Jean-Luc Danet, and Joël Renaudin. "Plasmid pSci6 from Spiroplasma citri GII-3 confers insect transmissibility to the non-transmissible strain S. citri 44." Microbiology 152, no. 9 (2006): 2703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.29085-0.

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The insect-transmissible strain GII-3 of Spiroplasma citri contains plasmids pSci1–6, five of which (pSci1–5) encode adhesin-like proteins and one (pSci6) encodes protein P32, which has been associated with insect transmissibility. In contrast, S. citri strains ASP-1 and 44, which cannot be transmitted via injection into the leafhopper vector Circulifer haematoceps, lack these proteins and also do not carry plasmids pSci1–6. To further study the apparent relationship between the presence of plasmids and insect transmissibility, plasmids from S. citri GII-3 were introduced into the insect-non-transmissible S. citri strain 44 by electrotransformation using the tetM gene as the selection marker. Tetracycline-resistant transformants were shown to carry one, two or three distinct plasmids. Plasmids pSci1–6 were all detected in the transformants, pSci1 being the most frequently found, alone or together with other plasmids. Selected S. citri 44 transformants having distinct plasmid contents were submitted, separately or in combination, to experimental transmission to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants via injection into the leafhopper vector. The occurrence of symptomatic plants indicated that, in contrast to S. citri 44, spiroplasmal transformants were transmitted to the host plant, in which they multiplied. Spiroplasma cultures isolated from these infected plants all contained pSci6, leading to the conclusion that, under the experimental conditions used, transformation by pSci6 conferred insect transmissibility to S. citri strain 44. This is believed to be the first report of a phenotypic change associated with transformation of S. citri by natural plasmids.

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Piraonapicha, Kanyakorn, Nithina Kaewtongkum, Narin Chomphuphuang, Panrak Kimsawat, Kittisak Kumtanom, and Yudthana Samung. "Mukaria sakaeratensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), a new species of bamboo leafhopper from Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand." ZooKeys 1239 (May 28, 2025): 305–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.145803.

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Mukaria sakaeratensis Piraonapicha & Chomphuphuang, sp. nov. is described based on male and female specimens recently collected in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The new species is herein described by an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular evidence. Genetic distance analyses revealed a potential barcoding gap (K2P) of 0.20–12.07% for COI in Mukaria. Species delimitation methods ABGD and ASAP demonstrated promising results for the COI gene. This species clearly differs from all its congeners in the aedeagal shaft abruptly narrowed and curved inward in the distal half, and with a pair of spines pointed anteriorly. Mukaria sakaeratensis sp. nov. has been found on the bamboo Vietnamosasa pusilla (A. Chev. & A. Camus) T.Q. Nguyen. This finding constitutes the first recorded instance of a specialized member of the tribe Mukariini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) feeding exclusively on bamboo from the genus Vietnamosasa. The holotype has been deposited in the Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Thailand.

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Dmitriev, Dmitry, Yanghui Cao, and Christopher H. Dietrich. "TaxonWorks as a Tool for Managing Large Biodiversity Projects." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 6 (August 23, 2022): e93668. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.6.93668.

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Large systematic revisionary projects incorporating data for hundreds or thousands of taxa require an integrative approach, with a strong biodiversity-informatics core for efficient data management to facilitate research on the group. Our original biodiversity informatics platform, 3i (Internet-accessible Interactive Identification) combined a customized MS Access database backend with ASP-based web interfaces to support revisionary syntheses of several large genera of leafhopers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). More recently, for our National Science Foundation sponsored project, "GoLife: Collaborative Research: Integrative genealogy, ecology and phenomics of deltocephaline leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and their microbial associates", we selected the new open-source platform TaxonWorks as the cyberinfrastructure. In the scope of the project, the original "3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database" was imported into TaxonWorks. At the present time, TaxonWorks has many tools to automatically import nomenclature, citations, and specimen based collection data. At the time of the initial migration of the 3i database, many of those tools were still under development, and complexity of the data in the database required a custom migration script, which is still probably the most efficient solution for importing datasets with long development history.At the moment, the World Auchenorrhyncha Database comprehensively covers nomenclature of the group and includes data on 70 valid families, 6,816 valid genera, 47,064 valid species as well as synonymy and subsequent combinations (Fig. 1). In addition, many taxon records include the original citation, bibliography, type information, etymology, etc. The bibliography of the group includes 37,579 sources, about 1/3 of which are associated with PDF files. Species have distribution records, either derived from individual specimens or as country and state level asserted distribution, as well as biological associations indicating host plants, predators, and parasitoids.Observation matrices in TaxonWorks are designed to handle morphological data associated with taxa or specimens. The matrices may be used to automatically generate interactive identification keys and taxon descriptions. They can also be downloaded to be imported, for example, into Lucid builder, or to perform phylogenetic analysis using an external application. At the moment there are 36 matrices associated with the project. The observation matrix from GoLife project covers 798 taxa by 210 descriptors (most of which are qualitative multi-state morphological descriptors) (Fig. 2). Illustrations are provided for 9,886 taxa and organized in the specialized image matrix and could be used as a pictorial key for determination of species and taxa of a higher rank.For the phylogenetic analysis, a dataset was constructed for 730 terminal taxa and >160,000 nucleotide positions obtained using anchored hybrid enrichment of genomic DNA for a sample of leafhoppers from the subfamily Deltocephalinae and outgroups. The probe kit targets leafhopper genes, as well as some bacterial genes (endosymbionts and plant pathogens transmitted by leafhoppers). The maximum likelihood analyses of concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences as well as coalescent gene tree analysis yielded well-resolved phylogenetic trees (Cao et al. 2022). Raw sequence data have been uploaded to the Sequence Read Archive on GenBank. Occurrence and morphological data, as well as diagnostic images, for voucher specimens have been incorporated into TaxonWorks.Data in TaxonWorks could be exported in raw format, get accessed via Application Programming Interface (API), or be shared with external data aggregators like Catalogue of Life, GBIF, iDigBio.

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Saka, N., T. Tsuji, T. Toyama, M. Yano, T. Izawa, and T. Sasaki. "Development of cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers linked to a green rice leafhopper resistance gene, Grh3(t)." Plant Breeding 125, no. 2 (2006): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01188.x.

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Kosovac, Andrea, Marko Šćiban, Ivan Pančić, Mária Tóth, László Ronkay, and András Orosz. "REVEALING THE PRESENCE OF THE EAST ASIAN LEAFHOPPER TAUTONEURA POLYMITUSA (HEMIPTERA: AUCHENORRHYNCHA: CICADELLIDAE: TYPHLOCYBINAE) IN SERBIA THROUGH DNA BARCODING." Acta entomologica serbica 25, no. 1 (2020): 83–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878684.

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After the first observations of cicadas of the subfamily Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), a specific white-orange-red coloration in Zrenjanin and Melenci in 2017 and 2018, four females of the same habitus were collected in August 2019 in Belgrade and Special Nature Reserve “Deliblato Sands”. External morphology analyzes indicated that they are most similar to the East Asian invasive species present in Europe, Tautoneura polymitusa Oh & Jung 2016. Due to the lack of sampled males, reliable species determination required the use of molecular methods. Since no nucleotide sequences of the barcoding region of the COI gene of the T. polymitus species are available in gene banks, specimens of males collected in Budapest at the site of the first find of the species in Europe were attached to the genetic identification. After successful multiplication and sequencing of the COI barcoding region, 100% genetic matching of the sequences of the analyzed females from Serbia and males from Hungary was determined. The obtained results confirm the presence of allochthonous cicada T. rolymitus in Serbia and indicate the importance of the barcoding method which in the context of biodiversity research successfully overcomes sampling problems such as small number of specimens or absence of males.

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Ripamonti, Matteo, Luca Cerone, Simona Abbà та ін. "Silencing of ATP Synthase β Impairs Egg Development in the Leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus, Vector of the Phytoplasma Associated with Grapevine Flavescence Dorée". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 2 (2022): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020765.

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Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the natural vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, a quarantine pest of grapevine with severe impact on European viticulture. RNA interference (RNAi) machinery components are present in S. titanus transcriptome and injection of ATP synthase β dsRNAs into adults caused gene silencing, starting three days post injection (dpi) up to 20 dpi, leading to decrease cognate protein. Silencing of this gene in the closely related leafhopper Euscelidiusvariegatus previously showed female sterility and lack of mature eggs in ovaries. Here, alteration of developing egg morphology in S. titanus ovaries as well as overexpression of hexamerin transcript (amino acid storage protein) and cathepsin L protein (lysosome proteinase) were observed in dsATP-injected females. To evaluate RNAi-specificity, E.variegatus was used as dsRNA-receiving model-species. Different doses of two sets of dsRNA-constructs targeting distinct portions of ATP synthase β gene of both species induced silencing, lack of egg development, and female sterility in E. variegatus, indicating that off-target effects must be evaluated case by case. The effectiveness of RNAi in S. titanus provides a powerful tool for functional genomics of this non-model species and paves the way toward RNAi-based strategies to limit vector population, despite several technical and regulatory constraints that still need to be overcome to allow open field application.

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Lu, Jikai, Jiajia Wang, Renhuai Dai, and Xianyi Wang. "The mitochondrial genome sequences of eleven leafhopper species of Batracomorphus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) reveal new gene rearrangements and phylogenetic implications." PeerJ 12 (October 22, 2024): e18352. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18352.

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Batracomorphus is the most diverse and widely distributed genus of Iassinae. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic analysis of the genome structure and phylogenetic relationships of the genus. To determine the characteristics of the mitogenomes of Batracomorphus species as well as the phylogenetic relationships between them, we sequenced and compared the mitogenomes of 11 representative Batracomorphus species. The results revealed that the mitogenomes of the 11 Batracomorphus species exhibited highly similar gene and nucleotide composition, and codon usage compared with other reported mitogenomes of Iassinae. Of these 11 species, we found that the mitogenomes of four species were rearranged in the region from trnI-trnQ-trnM to trnQ-trnI-trnM, whereas the remaining species presented a typical gene order. The topologies of six phylogenetic trees were in agreement. Eurymelinae consistently formed paraphyletic groups. Ledrinae and Evacanthinae formed sister taxa within the same clade. Similarly, Typhlocybinae and Mileewinae consistently clustered together. All phylogenetic trees supported the monophyly of Iassinae, indicating its evolutionary distinctiveness while also revealing its sister relationship with Coelidiinae. Notably, the nodes for all species of the genus Batracomorphus were well supported and these taxa clustered into a large branch that indicated monophyly. Within this large branch, four Batracomorphus species with a gene rearrangement (trnQ-trnI-trnM) exhibited distinctive clustering, which divided the large branch into three minor branches. These findings expand our understanding of the taxonomy, evolution, genetics, and systematics of the genus Batracomorphus and broader Iassinae groups.

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Zhou, Xian, Yuejie Lei, Christopher H. Dietrich, and Min Huang. "Investigating Monophyly of Typhlocybini Based on Complete Mitochondrial Genomes with Characterization and Comparative Analysis of 19 Species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)." Insects 14, no. 11 (2023): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14110842.

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Tribes of the leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae have traditionally been defined based on differences in forewing and hindwing venation. Except for Typhlocybini (sensu lato), the classification of tribes is relatively stable. The monophyly of Typhlocybini needs to be examined, and the relationships among genera within Typhlocybini have not been resolved. Few mitogenome sequences representative of major lineages of Typhlocybini have been available to facilitate a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the tribe. In this study, the complete mitogenomes of 19 species of Typhlocybini were sequenced. The gene arrangements of the 19 new mitogenomes are consistent with ancestral insect mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses by both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods of 67 species of Typhlocybinae suggest that Zyginellini is paraphyletic with respect to Typhlocybini. The phylogenetic relationships within Typhlocybini are discussed, and the major results show that the Farynala and Linnavuoriana complexes previously recognized based on morphological characters correspond to monophyletic lineages.

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Sreejith, K., K. V. Lazar, and C. D. Sebastian. "Molecular Phylogeny and Genetic Analysis of Green Leafhopper - Nephotettix Virescens (Distant) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i1/52842.

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Herath, Padmini, Gregory A. Hoover, Elisa Angelini, and Gary W. Moorman. "Detection of Elm Yellows Phytoplasma in Elms and Insects Using Real-Time PCR." Plant Disease 94, no. 11 (2010): 1355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-09-0783.

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A rapid and accurate method to detect the common strain of elm yellows (EY) phytoplasma in elm and insect samples was developed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure based on the TaqMan minor-groove-binder probe. Primers and probe were designed based on the EY phytoplasma-specific translocation protein secY gene DNA sequence. Success of the DNA extraction procedure was evaluated by amplifying the chloroplast trnL gene of Ulmus americana. The real-time PCR assay reacted positively with EY and EY phytoplasma strain ULW DNA, an isolate which occurs in Europe. It did not cross-react with Illinois EY or aster yellows phytoplasma DNA, both of which are known to occur in elm trees in the United States, nor did it amplify several other phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrV and other phylogenetic groups. The real-time PCR protocol was used to identify 30 EY-positive elm trees on The Pennsylvania State University, University Park campus. Threshold cycle (CT) values obtained from the EY phytoplasma-infected elm trees ranged from 15 to 37. EY phytoplasma was detected in several leafhopper taxa. This real-time PCR method can be used for the diagnostic screening of elm trees and for the identification of possible insect vectors of EY phytoplasma.

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Chen, M., G. Y. Ye, Z. C. Liu, et al. "Field Assessment of the Effects of Transgenic Rice Expressing a Fused Gene ofcry1Abandcry1AcfromBacillus thuringiensisBerliner on Nontarget Planthopper and Leafhopper Populations." Environmental Entomology 35, no. 1 (2006): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-35.1.127.

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Wu, Wei, Jia-Ning Lei, Qianzhuo Mao, Yan-Zhen Tian, Hong-Wei Shan, and Jian-Ping Chen. "Distribution, Vertical Transmission, and Cooperative Mechanisms of Obligate Symbiotic Bacteria in the Leafhopper Maiestas dorsalis (Hemiptera, Cicadellidea)." Insects 14, no. 8 (2023): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14080710.

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Many insects rely on ancient symbiotic bacterial associations for essential nutrition. Auchenorrhyncha commonly harbor two obligate symbionts: Sulcia (Bacteroidetes) and a proteobacterial partner that supplies essential amino acids lacking in their plant-sap diets. In this study focusing on Maiestas dorsalis, we investigated the distribution and vertical transmission of two obligate symbiotic bacteria, Sulcia and Nasuia, within the leafhopper. Sulcia primarily inhabits the external region of the bacteriome, while Nasuia is restricted to the internal region. Both symbionts progressively infiltrate the ovary through the epithelial plug, ultimately reaching the developing primary oocyte. Furthermore, co-phylogenetic analysis suggests a close correlation between the evolution of Auchenorrhyncha insects and the presence of their obligate symbiotic bacteria. Genomic analysis further unveiled the extreme genome reduction of the obligate symbiotic bacteria, with Sulcia retaining genes involved in basic cellular processes and limited energy synthesis, while Nasuia exhibited further gene loss in replication, transcription, translation, and energy synthesis. However, both symbionts retained the genes for synthesizing the essential amino acids required by the host insect. Our study highlights the coevolutionary dynamics between Sulcia, proteobacterial partners, and their insect hosts, shedding light on the intricate nutritional interactions and evolutionary adaptations in Auchenorrhyncha insects.

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Pérez, Tania, José Luis Balcázar, Alvaro Peix, et al. "Lactococcus lactis subsp. tructae subsp. nov. isolated from the intestinal mucus of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 8 (2011): 1894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.023945-0.

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The species Lactococcus lactis currently includes three subspecies; L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris, isolated from milk sources, and L. lactis subsp. hordniae, isolated from the leafhopper Hordnia circellata. In this study, three strains, designated L105T, I3 and L101, were isolated from the intestinal mucus of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These strains were closely related to members of the species Lactococcus lactis. Strain L105T showed 99.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to that of the type strains L. lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 604T and L. lactis subsp. hordniae NCDO 2181T and showed 99.9 % similarity to the type strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NCDO 607T. Analysis of two housekeeping genes, rpoB and recA, confirmed the close relationship between the novel strains and L. lactis subsp. cremoris with similarities of 99.3 and 99.7 %, respectively. The three strains could, however, be differentiated from their closest relatives on the basis of several phenotypic characteristics, as was the case for L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. hordniae, which were also closely related on the basis of 16S rRNA, rpoB and recA gene sequence similarities. The strains isolated in this study represent a new subspecies, for which the name Lactococcus lactis subsp. tructae subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L105T ( = LMG 24662T = DSM 21502T).

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Fujita, Daisuke, Kazuyuki Doi, Atsushi Yoshimura, and Hideshi Yasui. "Molecular mapping of a novel gene, Grh5, conferring resistance to green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler) in rice, Oryza sativa L." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 113, no. 4 (2006): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0270-x.

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Enciso, Juan Sebastian, Erika Corretto, Luigimaria Borruso, and Hannes Schuler. "Limited Variation in Bacterial Communities of Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Across European Populations and Different Life Stages." Insects 15, no. 11 (2024): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15110830.

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The Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the primary vector of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’, the causative agent of Flavescence doreé in Europe. Although microorganisms play an important role in the ecology and behavior of insects, knowledge about the interaction between S. titanus and microbes is limited. In this study, we employed an amplicon metabarcoding approach for profiling the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial communities of S. titanus across several populations from four European localities. Additionally, we investigated changes in bacterial communities between nymphal and adult stages. In total, we identified 7,472 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in adults from the European populations. At the genus level, ‘Candidatus Karelsulcia’ and ‘Candidatus Cardinium’ were the most abundant genera, with both being present in every individual. While we found significant changes in the microbial composition of S. titanus across different European populations, no significant differences were observed between nymphal and adult stages. Our study reveals new insights into the microbial composition of S. titanus and highlights the role of geography in influencing its bacterial community.

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NAVEED, HASSAN, XIU-DAN WANG, CHENGQUAN CAO, and YALIN ZHANG. "First report of the Old World leafhopper genus Olidiana McKamey (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) from Pakistan with description of a new species." Zootaxa 4778, no. 2 (2020): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.11.

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The genus Olidiana McKamey, 2006 is reported for the first time from Pakistan based on the new species Olidiana pakistanica sp. nov. Photographic illustrations and a description are provided for the habitus and male genitalia of this new species. A partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) sequence is also provided.

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