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Academic literature on the topic 'Gène LUNA'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gène LUNA"
Yoshiharu, Tsuboï. "La diplomatie japonaise et le Vietnam (1973-1998)." Études internationales 30, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703994ar.
Full textMaitre, B. "Sniping and chiping acute lung injury : à la recherche des gènes critiques dans l’agression pulmonaire aiguë." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 21, no. 5 (November 2004): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8425(04)71534-x.
Full textPlanque, C., M. De Monte, S. Guyetant, E. Lemarie, and Y. Courty. "059 Différentiel expression of the kallikrein 5 and kallikrein 7 gènes in non-small cell lung cancers subtypes." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 22, no. 5 (November 2005): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8425(05)92471-6.
Full textGuenegou, A., B. Leynaert, J. Benessiano, I. Pin, P. Demoly, F. Neukirch, J. Boczkowski, and M. Aubier. "081 Association of lung function décline with the heme oxygenase-1 gène promoter microstallite polymorphism in a gênerai population sample Results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) France." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 22, no. 5 (November 2005): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8425(05)92493-5.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Gène LUNA"
Gergen, Janina. "The CRISPR/Cas9 system as an anti-viral strategy against the human cytomegalovirus." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1036/document.
Full textThe human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infection is usually asymptomatic but leads to latent infection of blood progenitor cells. Immunocompromised patients are at high risks of HCMV reactivation, which is associated with severe end organ diseases and increased mortality in transplant patients. Standard anti-viral treatments based on nucleotide analogues decreased the occurrence of HCMV reactivation and diseases, but induce side effects and drug-resistant viral strains. In this thesis, we introduced new anti-viral approaches based on the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool. Two strategies are designed to target the UL122/123 gene of HCMV encoding the immediate early proteins, essential for lytic viral replication and reactivation from latency. We validated that the disruption of the UL122/123 gene by the CRISPR/Cas9 system to abrogate viral replication. The multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system (three gRNA) was much more efficient than the singleplex approach targeting the same gene. Target gene expression, concomitant genome replication and virion release were significantly impaired by the multiplex strategy. A further anti-HCMV CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed specifically to target the HCMV genome during latency. Two gRNAs target the viral genome at three target sites: LUNA, essential for reactivation, and the two homolog TR regions. We verified this duplex strategy on the lytic replicating virus and detected mutations at the target site as well as the reduction of viral genome copy number. In conclusion, the anti-HCMV strategies based on two or three gRNAs efficiently blocked viral replication. This provides the basis for the development of an anti-HCMV CRISPR/Cas9 therapy
Joannes, Audrey. "Implication du gène FHIT dans la régulation de l'invasion tumorale." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMM207/document.
Full textIn many types of cancers, Fhit (Fragile histidine triad) expression is frequentlydecreased or lost. Fhit is described as a tumor suppressor gene by its ability to induceapoptosis and to inhibit proliferation of tumor cells. We have demonstrated that a low Fhitexpression is associated with in vivo and in vitro invasiveness of lung tumor cells. Then, wehave shown that Fhit controls the invasive phenotype of lung tumor cells by regulating keyelements of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as cell-cell adhesion molecules,matrix metalloproteinase and vimentin expression. Our results provide also evidence that Fhitcontrols EMT by regulating several signaling pathways implying TGF-βR, RTK, Src, ERKand Slug. The dual function of Fhit as a tumor and invasion suppressor gene strengthens theidea that Fhit could represent a new biomarker of aggressiveness of lung cancer and couldconstitute a new therapeutic target to limit tumor progression
Delestrain, Céline. "Mécanismes physiopathologiques des mutations du gène codant la protéine C du surfactant dans le développement des pneumopathies interstitielles de l'enfant." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0056.
Full textSurfactant pathologies linked to mutations in the SFTPC gene, via autosomal dominant transmission, are most commonly associated with diffuse interstitial diseases in infants, children and adults, and may also be responsible for acute respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. They are most often accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality rate, thus rendering early diagnosis essential for ideal intervention and support. Mutations in the SFTPC gene lead to alveolar and intracellular accumulation of an abnormal form of the precursor protein SP-C (ProSP-C), which is responsible for the resulting tissue damage. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet completely deciphered. The gene encodes two isoforms of ProSP-C from three alternative transcripts. The expression level of each is currently unknown and the vast majority of studies evaluating the effect of mutations are performed on only one isoform. Incidentally, our preliminary results on the analysis of RNA extracted from bronchoalveolar washing, both from control subjects and patients harboring a mutation, show that the all three SFTPC transcripts are expressed and that the presence of a mutation is associated with a variation in the expression levels of the transcripts. The aim of my project is to study the expression level of SFTPC transcripts and ProSP-C isoforms from the heterologous expression of the SFTPC gene (exons and introns) in cell lines. I will beanalyzing the post-translational maturation profile of these pro-proteins and evaluating the effect of the mutations on their expression and maturation in both our cellular models and in vivo with two Knock-in mice models.A better understanding of the pathophysiology of genetic abnormalities associated with mutations in the SFTPC gene will not only greatly contribute to earlier management of patients, but also it will help in modifying the progression of lung injury and its prognosis
Gallot, Yann. "Invalidation du gène de la myostatine dans un modèle murin de cachexie associée au cancer : implication dans la régulation de la masse musculaire." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058905.
Full textTlemsani, Camille. "Caractérisation moléculaire et étude des conséquences fonctionnelles des mutations somatiques du gène NF1 dans les carcinomes bronchiques non à petites cellules NF1 mutations identify molecular and clinical subtypes of lung adenocarcinomas." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB077.
Full textDriver molecular alterations are found in >40% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). They specifically target the RAS-MAPK pathway, including the EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF oncogenes. NF1 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes neurofibromin, an inhibitor of the RAS-MAPK pathway. NF1 mutation detection is challenging owing to the large size of the gene, the presence of numerous pseudogenes, and the absence of mutation hotspot. Recent studies showed that NF1 is a major tumor suppressor gene implicated in carcinogenesis. According to The Cancer Genome Atlas data (TCGA), NF1 somatic mutations are found in ~15% of lung cancer. However, NF1 mutations in NSCLCs are not extensively explored in NSCLCs to date. We hypothesized that NF1 alterations could define a specific NSCLC subtype with distinct clinical and molecular profiles. We performed NF1 analysis using next generation sequencing (NGS) in lung adenocarcinoma surgical specimens with known KRAS, EGFR, TP53, BRAF, HER2, and PIK3CA status. We evaluated the molecular and clinical specificities of NF1 mutated NSCLCs. Then, we established NF1-mutated cellular models from different NF1 wild-type (WT) cell lines, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Mono- and bi-allelic NF1 mutations were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 and nickase CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. In vitro functional tests and drug screening were performed using these isogenic cell models. In our series of 138 lung adenocarcinoma specimens, 25 tumours showed NF1 mutations (18%) and 11 showed NF1 deletions (8%). NF1 mutations were rarely associated with other mutations. Most of patients with NF1 alterations were males (72%) and smokers (75%). Overall survival and disease-free survival were statistically better in patients with NF1 alterations patients (N=35) than in KRAS mutated patients (N=30) in univariate analysis. There were more NF1 mutations in patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.01). Then, we established cellular models of NF1-mutated NSCLCs, using nickase and CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Mono- and bi-allelic NF1 mutations were generated. Loss of NF1 expression was confirmed by western blot: partial and total loss-of-expression of neurofibromin was found in mono-allelic and bi-allelic NF1 mutated cell lines, respectively. Using western blot, we showed that pERK/ERK ratio was higher in NF1-mutated cell lines versus WT cell lines, confirming that NF1 loss-of-function triggered RAS-MAPK pathway activation. Homozygous NF1 mutated cells seemed to be more aggressive in vitro compared to heterozygous and WT mutated cells, using migration, invasion, and proliferation tests. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that WT, heterozygous, and homozygous NF1 mutations defined distinct clusters. WT and NF1 heterozygous clones showed closer transcriptional profiles. In vitro pharmacological screens in this isogenic NSCLC model are ongoing using MEK and PIK3CA inhibitors alone and in combination. In vivo pharmacological screen will also be performed on murine PDX models. Our results confirm that NF1 is frequently mutated and represents a distinct molecular and clinical subtype of NSCLCs. A better comprehension of functional consequences of NF1 mutations, including mono- and bi-allelic alterations, may open new avenues for NSCLCs therapy
Le, Bescont Aurore. "Etude des expressions hors-contexte de gènes tissus-spécifiques dans le cancer du poumon." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV068/document.
Full textEach human cell contains a genome carrying all the genetic information necessary for the constitution of the whole organism. However, differentiated cells express only a restricted repertoire of genes. The control of gene expressions is fundamental for the establishment and maintenance of cell identity. The first level of gene expression regulation, the transcriptional control, is based on the integrity of the gene sequence but also on its accessibility, itself dependent on a set of epigenetic mechanisms that control chromatin dynamics. In a pathological context, genetic and epigenetic alterations can lead to gene deregulations and altered cellular functions. During the bronchial carcinogenesis, lung cancer cells acquire a capacity of uncontrolled proliferation and an increased resistance to cell death. These phenotypic characteristics, favoring tumor growth, result from abnormalities that accumulate in the genome of cancer cells. These are somatic genetic alterations, from point mutations to large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, but also a global disruption of the epigenetic landscape – both leading to an identity crisis and to gene deregulations. While the phenomenon of aberrant gene repression (including repression of tumor suppressor genes) has been extensively studied, ectopic activation of normally silent genes remains poorly understood. Our hypothesis is that the “out of context” expression of tissue-specific genes not only could be involved in carcinogenesis, but could also be of high interest as tumor biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets. In this work, we focused on the prolactin-encoding PRL gene, normally mainly expressed in the pituitary gland and absent from non-tumor lung. We detected an ectopic PRL gene activation in 10% of lung tumors, mainly neuroendocrine tumors. We observed that PRL expression is associated with aggressive tumors and a poor prognosis for patients. We also found that the expression of PRL is associated with an increased resistance of lung cancer cells to a genotoxic stress. Unexpectedly, our data suggest that the oncogenic action of PRL expression is not based on the conventional mechanisms of prolactin action, and we did not confirm the initial hypothesis of a secretion by lung cancer cells of the prolactin hormone, and its action in an autocrine/paracrine loop within the tumor through the activation of the prolactin receptor. Indeed, the receptor is absent in lung cancer cells and the transcribed PRL mRNA is missing its first exons, possibly leading to the production of a truncated prolactin protein, without a functional signal peptide, therefore unable to follow the classical secretion pathway and retained inside the cancer cell. Although the detailed mechanisms of prolactin action in lung cancer remain to be deciphered, our study suggests that the ectopic expression of PRL could be used as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of aggressive lung tumors. This work, also including additional results on three testis-specific genes aberrantly expressed in lung tumors (BRDT, SOX30 and SPATA22) highlights the interest of studying ectopic gene expressions in tumor cells, which can provide new diagnosis and prognosis tools for clinicians as well as new targeted approaches that could be used in addition to conventional lung cancer therapies, which are presently insufficient to limit the high mortality due to lung neoplasms
Carpentier, Audrey. "Modification du tropisme de vecteurs pseudoviraux dérivés des papillomavirus pour l'application aux thérapies pulmonaires." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3803/document.
Full textCystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Lung transplantation developed in recent years is the only effective curative treatment. However, due to the limitation in organ donors, it is necessary to develop other therapies such as gene therapy. Papillomavirus pseudovirions have the potential to deliver genes into different cells. However, the natural tropism of HPV is directed to the cervical epithelial cells and these pseudovirions have low transduction efficacy in pulmonary epithelial cells. The purpose of this thesis was to retarget and optimize the HPV-16 pseudovirions tropism to airway cells by insertion of short amino acid sequences within the major capsid protein L1
Léveillard, Thierry. "Le polymorphisme des gènes de l'inter-alpha-trypsine inhibiteur : recherche d'association génétique avec l'emphysème pulmonaire." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES015.
Full textJouida, Amina. "Contrôle de la progression tumorale broncho-pulmonaire par FHIT : Implication du récepteur HER2." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS008/document.
Full textThe lack or decrease of FHIT (fragile histidine triad) expression is a common event in lung cancer. We recently showed that FHIT acts as a suppressor of tumor invasion. Indeed, FHIT controls the invasive phenotype of lung tumor cells by regulating the expression of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as vimentin or MMP-9 through an EGFR signaling pathway. Accordingly, we focused on the relationships between FHIT and another member of this tyrosine kinase receptor family: HER2. First, we observed in vivo and in vitro a negative correlation between FHIT expression and the activated form of HER2 in lung tumor cells. Moreover, FHIT controls HER2 activation through its dimerization with HER3. The use of HER2 specific inhibitors, Trastuzumab and Irbinitinib, allowed to demonstrate that the in vitro invasion induced by FHIT inhibition is HER2-dependent. Furthermore, FHIT controls the HER2-dependent invasion by regulating genes associated with EMT such as vimentin, MMP-14 or TWIST-1. In conclusion, we showed that FHIT regulates HER2 activity in lung tumor cells and that HER2 inhibitors reduce invasion induced by FHIT inhibition. This study would allow for the identification of new therapeutic leads for lung cancer
Avogbé, Patrice Hodonou. "Déterminants génétiques de la réparation d'ADN et du métabolisme des monocarbones : approche gènes candidats et études d'association avec le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire et le cancer du poumon." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0201/document.
Full textWorldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lung cancer (LC) represent a major public health problem. Previous studies reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair or monocarbon metabolism (MCM) genes and LC or HCC risk. However, influences of these SNPs on LC or HCC risk have not been comprehensively evaluated. Our study aimed to identify potential interesting DNA repair and MCM gene variants associated with HCC risk in cirrhotic Caucasians. To this end, we used the Illumina's GoldenGate® technology and performed a comprehensive investigation of 384 SNPs on 94 DNA repair genes and 384 SNPs on 77 MCM genes. This comprehensive SNP-array fine mapping approach was also used to identify potential interesting DNA repair gene variants associated with susceptibility to LC in Caucasians. Our results showed that six variants on BRIP1 gene (BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase: rs4986763, rs4986764, rs1557720, rs4986765, rs2191248, and rs11871785) were significantly associated with HCC risk in patients carrying hepatitis virus-associated cirrhosis under an additive genetic model. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing, BRIP1 rs4986764 and rs1557720 displayed statistically significant associations with HCC risk. Two SNPs on GGH gene were associated with HCC risk in patients carrying non viral cirrhosis. In our study, only POLL rs3730477 was associated with an increased LC risk under a recessive genetic model (OR=2.81, 95% CI 1.51?5.24). Lastly, we evaluated hematologic changes and levels of DNA adducts, 8-oxodG, dU, and m5dC in Cotonou's motorbike taxi drivers (MBTD) - exposed to air pollution by benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - compared to unexposed controls. Compared to controls, MBTD displayed a significant decrease in the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets, with the formation of an unknow DNA adduct, whereas uracil misincorporation and 8-oxodG levels in DNA were significantly increased. In conclusion, we identified six variants on BRIP1 gene and two variants on GGH gene that are associated with susceptibility to HCC. In addition, POLL rs3730477 variant was associated with susceptibility to LC. Replication of these findings in independent cohorts is warranted