To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Gene orders.
Books on the topic 'Gene orders'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 books for your research on the topic 'Gene orders.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ridder, Jozef de. 't zijn al geen heiligen die grote paternosters dragen: Kleding van vrouwelijke religieuzen in de 19de en 20ste eeuw in België. Brugge: Vanhaecke, 2002.
Find full text
2
David, Sankoff, and Nadeau J. H, eds. Comparative genomics: Empirical and analytical approaches to gene order dynamics, map alignment and the evolution of gene families. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2000.
Find full text
3
Slack, Jonathan. 3. Mutations and gene variants. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199676507.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
All gene variants originate as mutations. Most variants in the genome of any given individual are not new mutations but have been inherited from previous generations. ‘Mutations and gene variants’ shows that mutations can occur in any cell of the body, but in order to be inherited they must occur in the DNA of the reproductive cells. There are numerous genetic diseases caused by a single mutation in one gene, and the examples considered here are cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, achondroplasia, and Holt-Oram Syndrome. In such cases, the inheritance of the abnormal gene variant follows simple Mendelian rules. The origin of cancer is explained as a combination of mutations occurring in a single cell of the body. Inherited gene variants predisposing to cancer do so because they reduce the number of new mutations required.
4
(Editor), D. Sankoff, and J. H. Nadeau (Editor), eds. Comparative Genomics - Empirical and Analytical Approaches to Gene Order Dynamics, Map Alignment and the Evolution of Gene Families (Computational Biology). Springer, 2000.
Find full text
5
Campbell, Joseph W. The Order and the Other. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496824721.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Order and the Other is a call to reexamine the relationship between dystopian literature and science fiction by thinking about the work that each genre does on and for the reader. The author believes that this is especially necessary in regards to dystopian literature intended for adolescents. Now that the cultural boom of YA Dystopian texts is over, this book attempts to understand that boom by placing dystopian works into the larger context of belonging to literary history of dystopian works. It attempts to help readers see how surveillance and power form the way that not only the characters within the films or books think about themselves, but also how it shapes the readers, as well. It also helps show that the surveillance culture and state that we see within such texts is not dependent on science fiction genre structures to exist. Finally, the book examines the most recent efforts to understand the genre and suggests ways inquiry into the genre might go forward.
6
Steane, Andrew. Purpose and Cause. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824589.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The distinction between purpose (‘in order that what?’) and cause (‘owing to what?’) is spelled out. The aim is to unpick the confusion of these concepts that takes place in the writing of Richard Dawkins, especially in The Selfish Gene. Science is a discipline which is competent to address the second question, but which mostly does not address the first. However, it does not follow from this that scientific discourse must conclude that there is no purpose, or that the question of purpose is meaningless. To think that is to misunderstand the very nature of the discourse which scientific model-making embarks upon. Rather, intellectual discipline must be respected. The question of purpose is informed by science, but not answered by it. Furthermore, high-level languages applied to human life are valid and insightful. The products of Darwinian evolution are not defined by their role in multiplication of genes.
7
Holroyd, Christopher R., Nicholas C. Harvey, Mark H. Edwards, and Cyrus Cooper. Environment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0038.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal disease covers a broad spectrum of conditions whose aetiology comprises variable genetic and environmental contributions. More recently it has become clear that, particularly early in life, the interaction of gene and environment is critical to the development of later disease. Additionally, only a small proportion of the variation in adult traits such as bone mineral density has been explained by specific genes in genome-wide association studies, suggesting that gene-environment interaction may explain a much larger part of the inheritance of disease risk than previously thought. It is therefore critically important to evaluate the environmental factors which may predispose to diseases such as osteorthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis both at the individual and at the population level. In this chapter we describe the environmental contributors, across the whole life course, to osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as exemplar conditions. We consider factors such as age, gender, nutrition (including the role of vitamin D), geography, occupation, and the clues that secular changes of disease pattern may yield. We describe the accumulating evidence that conditions such as osteoporosis may be partly determined by the early interplay of environment and genotype, through aetiological mechanisms such as DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena. Such studies, and those examining the role of environmental influences across other stages of the life course, suggest that these issues should be addressed at all ages, starting from before conception, in order to optimally reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in future generations.
8
Holroyd, Christopher R., Nicholas C. Harvey, Mark H. Edwards, and Cyrus Cooper. Environment. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0038_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal disease covers a broad spectrum of conditions whose aetiology comprises variable genetic and environmental contributions. More recently it has become clear that, particularly early in life, the interaction of gene and environment is critical to the development of later disease. Additionally, only a small proportion of the variation in adult traits such as bone mineral density has been explained by specific genes in genome-wide association studies, suggesting that gene-environment interaction may explain a much larger part of the inheritance of disease risk than previously thought. It is therefore critically important to evaluate the environmental factors which may predispose to diseases such as osteorthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis both at the individual and at the population level. In this chapter we describe the environmental contributors, across the whole life course, to osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as exemplar conditions. We consider factors such as age, gender, nutrition (including the role of vitamin D), geography, occupation, and the clues that secular changes of disease pattern may yield. We describe the accumulating evidence that conditions such as osteoporosis may be partly determined by the early interplay of environment and genotype, through aetiological mechanisms such as DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena. Such studies, and those examining the role of environmental influences across other stages of the life course, suggest that these issues should be addressed at all ages, starting from before conception, in order to optimally reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in future generations.
11
Yang, Jin, Pei Han, Wei Li, and Ching-Pin Chang. Epigenetics and post-transcriptional regulation of cardiovascular development. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0032.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiac organogenesis requires the control of gene expression at distinct developmental windows in order to organize morphogenetic steps in the correct sequence for heart development. This is facilitated by concerted regulation at three levels: chromatin, transcription, and post-transcriptional modifications. Epigenetic regulation at the chromatin level changes the chromatin scaffold of DNA to regulate accessibility of the DNA sequence to transcription factors for genetic activation or repression. At the genome, long non-coding RNAs work with epigenetic factors to alter the chromatin scaffold or form DNA-RNA complexes at specific genomic loci to control the transcription of genetic information. After RNA transcription, the expression of genetic information can be further modified by microRNAs. Each layer of gene regulation requires the participation of many factors, with their combinatorial interactions providing variations of genetic expression at distinct pathophysiological phases of the heart. The major functions of chromatin remodellers and non-coding RNAs are discussed.
12
Tasker, Yvonne. Bodies and Genres in Transition. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores how independent women filmmakers use genre. Examining Girlfight (2000) and Real Women Have Curves (2002), it foregrounds strategies by which genres are deployed, combined, and remade in order to tell women's stories. The desire to tell women's stories has been formative for diverse traditions of feminist and feminist-informed filmmaking. Such filmmaking is often driven by a realist impulse, a perception that Hollywood/genre cinema trades in fantasized images of women that bear little correspondence to actual women's lives. In using genre to tell such stories, these films foreground contradictions between realist and generic codes, suggesting a number of questions. For instance, how far can a film shift the presentation of women's lives from those usually associated with a genre before it effectively becomes a parody? Can realist (rather than fantastic) feminist filmmaking itself be understood as generic, defined by its commitment to telling women's stories? How might such a genre relate to the “woman's film,” that mode of Hollywood production defined as much by its intended audience as by content? In addressing these questions, the chapter argues that genre has proved both productive and constraining for women filmmakers.
13
Barker, Richard. Achieving future impact. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737780.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
To propel change forward we need not just a good sense of direction but also a sense of the prize, for patients and the health system, if we are successful. A wide range of new technologies, from technologies now coming into our hands, from gene editing to machine learning, have the potential to empower precision medicine to overcome some of mankind’s most intractable challenges: cancer, inherited diseases, aging, dementia—among many others. Taken together, the changes we propose to the innovation process could bring at least an order of magnitude greater net patient benefit over the lifetime of products, as a result of faster development, better targeting, more consistent reimbursement, swifter adoption, and better utilization.
14
Kirchman, David L. Processes in anoxic environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
During organic material degradation in oxic environments, electrons from organic material, the electron donor, are transferred to oxygen, the electron acceptor, during aerobic respiration. Other compounds, such as nitrate, iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide, take the place of oxygen during anaerobic respiration in anoxic environments. The order in which these compounds are used by bacteria and archaea (only a few eukaryotes are capable of anaerobic respiration) is set by thermodynamics. However, concentrations and chemical state also determine the relative importance of electron acceptors in organic carbon oxidation. Oxygen is most important in the biosphere, while sulfate dominates in marine systems, and carbon dioxide in environments with low sulfate concentrations. Nitrate respiration is important in the nitrogen cycle but not in organic material degradation because of low nitrate concentrations. Organic material is degraded and oxidized by a complex consortium of organisms, the anaerobic food chain, in which the by-products from physiological types of organisms becomes the starting material of another. The consortium consists of biopolymer hydrolysis, fermentation, hydrogen gas production, and the reduction of either sulfate or carbon dioxide. The by-product of sulfate reduction, sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds, is oxidized back eventually to sulfate by either non-phototrophic, chemolithotrophic organisms or by phototrophic microbes. The by-product of another main form of anaerobic respiration, carbon dioxide reduction, is methane, which is produced only by specific archaea. Methane is degraded aerobically by bacteria and anaerobically by some archaea, sometimes in a consortium with sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultivation-independent approaches focusing on 16S rRNA genes and a methane-related gene (mcrA) have been instrumental in understanding these consortia because the microbes remain uncultivated to date. The chapter ends with some discussion about the few eukaryotes able to reproduce without oxygen. In addition to their ecological roles, anaerobic protists provide clues about the evolution of primitive eukaryotes.
15
Miklitsch, Robert. Periodizing Classic Noir. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038594.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This concluding chapter traces the history of classic noir by reflecting on the way in which the genre has been discursively constituted through its beginnings and endings, an act of periodization that typically entails nominating particular films as the first and last noir in order to differentiate the intervening films from, respectively, proto- and neo-noir. While the recent interest in Stranger on the Third Floor (1940) is one sign that Boris Ingster's film has supplanted The Maltese Falcon (1941) as the first, titular American noir, recent transnational readings of the genre have problematized the reflexive determination of classic noir as a strictly American phenomenon. In fact, the impact of Odds against Tomorrow (1959) on transnational neo-noir indicates that the end or terminus of the classical era is just as provisional—just as open to interpretation and therefore, revision—as its origin.
16
Rudrappa, Sharmila. Reconsiderations of Race. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465285.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores transnational surrogacy in South Asia. India has become the prime destination for surrogacy for Western couples. It is a quicker and easier legal process than adoption, and it allows the Western parents to raise a child who is genetically similar to one of them. The babies' birth certificates have the commissioning parents' names, with no sign whatsoever of the surrogate mothers' role in the development and birth. In order to take the baby to their home country, the new parents must prove that the child is legally theirs through paternal gene testing. Some parents celebrate their children's Indian roots by way of nicknames or clothing, while others ignore the role of Indian mothers. Although users of transnational surrogacy services are moral pioneers, there is no place for egg donors or surrogate mothers in the nuclear Western family.
17
Budimirovic, Dejan B., and Megha Subramanian. Neurobiology of Autism and Intellectual Disability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0052.
Full textAbstract:
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests with a range of cognitive, behavioral, and social impairments. It is a monogenetic disease caused by silencing of the FMR1 gene, in contrast to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is a behaviorally-defined set of complex disorders. Because ASD is a major and growing public health concern, current research is focused on identifying common therapeutic targets among patients with different molecular etiologies. Due to the prevalence of ASD in FXS and its shared neurophysiology with ASD, FXS has been extensively studied as a model for ASD. Studies in the animal models have provided breakthrough insights into the pathophysiology of FXS that have led to novel therapeutic targets for its core deficits (e.g., mGluR theory of fragile X). Yet recent clinical trials of both GABA-B agonist and mGluR5 antagonist revealed a lack of specific and sensitive outcome measures capturing the full range of improvements of patients with FXS. Recent research shows promise for the mapping of the multitude of genetic variants in ASD onto shared pathways with FXS. Nonetheless, in light of the huge level of locus heterogeneity in ASD, further effort in finding convergence in specific molecular pathways and reliable biomarkers is required in order to perform targeted treatment trials with sufficient sample size. This chapter focuses on the neurobehavioral phenotype caused by a full-mutation of the FMR1 gene, namely FXS, and the neurobiology of this disorder of relevance to the targeted molecular treatments of its core symptoms.
18
McDonald, Nicola. The Wonder of Middle English Romance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795148.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Marvels and the marvellous are synonymous with medieval romance. Yet scholars often express disappointment at the wonders they find in Middle English romance. This chapter asks a simple question: how does Middle English romance understand wonder? and how, in turn, does our understanding of wonder in Middle English romance help us better comprehend the genre and what it can achieve? The chapter is made up of two parts. The first seeks to articulate a theory of wonder specific to English romance. Its focus is lexical, attentive to what the sources themselves identify as a wonder or as productive of wonderment; and its remit is wide, drawing evidence from across the whole genre. The second turns to a single romance, Octovian Imperator, in order to demonstrate how wonder puts into question the very certainties that Octovian and romances like it are conventionally understood to instantiate. Wonder has been credited as the beginning of philosophy, not something we normally associate with Middle English romance. This chapter argues, however, that what the particularity of wonder in the English romances highlights is the genre’s fundamentally interrogative mode.
19
Bailey, Matthew A. An overview of tubular function. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0020.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides an overview of transport processes, describing both the membrane proteins that effect transepithelial solute flux and the systems that allow integrated regulation of electrolyte transport. The emphasis is on the physiological mechanisms but links to human diseases are made in order to illuminate fundamental principles of control. The key transport proteins and encoding genes are listed. First, the major transport pathways and regulatory features for each nephron segment are described. The focus here is on the transepithelial flux of sodium, potassium, and water. In the second part, other important aspects of renal homeostasis, including urine concentration and acid–base balance, are summarized.
20
Divan, Aysha, and Janice A. Royds. 4. Proteins. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723882.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Biological functions require protein and the protein makeup of a cell determines its behaviour and identity. Proteins, therefore, are the most abundant molecules in the body except for water. The approximately 20,000 protein coding genes in the human genome can, by alternative splicing, multiple translation starts, and post-translational modifications, produce over 1,000,000 different proteins, collectively called ‘the proteome’. It is the size of the proteome and not the genome that defines the complexity of an organism. ‘Proteins’ describes the composition and structure of proteins and how they are studied. What information is required in order to understand how proteins work and what happens when this function is impaired in disease?
21
Cook, Pam. No Fixed Address. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter draws on post-structural conceptions of the mutability of gendered and sexualized identities in order to question cinematic identification with one's gendered like, an assumption underpinning categorization of genres by gender. Speculating that we go to the cinema to lose rather than confirm identities, it opens a conceptual space for male masochism and female violence, thus challenging a dominant binary in feminist thinking. In questioning the gendering of genres, the chapter notes shared structures and affects between the western and women's picture, normally posed in antithetical terms. Arguably, such similarities can be traced to their common foundation in melodrama conceived as a mode underpinning Hollywood's genre system.
22
Claes, Koenraad. The Late-Victorian Little Magazine. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474426213.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Fed up with the commercial and moral restrictions of the mainstream press of the late Victorian era, the diverse avant-garde groups of authors and artists of the Aesthetic Movement developed a new genre of periodicals in which to propagate their principles and circulate their work. Such periodicals are known as ‘little magazines’ for their small-scale production and their circulation among limited audiences, and during the late Victorian period they were often conceptualized as integrated design project or ‘Total Works of Art’ in order to visually and materially represent the ideals of their producers. Little magazines like the Pre-Raphaelite Germ, the Arts & Crafts Hobby Horse and the Decadent Yellow Book launched the careers of innovative authors and artists and provided a site for debate between minor contributors and visiting grandees from Matthew Arnold to Oscar Wilde. This book offers detailed discussions of the background to thirteen little magazines of the Victorian Fin de Siècle, situating these within the periodical press of their day and providing interpretations of representative content items. In doing so, it outlines the earliest history of this enduring publication genre, and of the Aesthetic Movement that developed along with it.
23
Kahn-Harris, Deborah. The Inheritance of Gehinnom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722618.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides a framework for the creation of contemporary feminist midrashim. It begins by providing a justification for the inclusion of women’s voices in classical forms of Jewish commentary, followed by a basic overview of the genre of midrash. The chapter then lays out a possible framework for the creation of feminist midrash, including a discussion of reader-response theory, middot, and feminist hermeneutics. Following on from the theoretical, a concrete example of a feminist midrash is given on the subject of Genesis 1:26. Some detailed linguistic analysis of this verse is explored in order to help explicate the questions being addressed by the midrash. An analysis of the midrash concludes the chapter.
24
Warner, Marina. Fairy Tale: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199532155.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The characters and images of fairy tales have cast a spell over adults and children for centuries. These fantastic stories have travelled across cultural borders, and been passed on from generation to generation, ever-changing, renewed with each re-telling. Few forms of literature have greater power to enchant us and rekindle our imagination than a fairy tale. But what is a fairy tale? Where do they come from and what do they mean? What do they try and communicate to us about morality, sexuality, and society? Fairy Tale: A Very Short Introduction draws on both classics and modern-day realizations in order to define a genre and evaluate a literary form that keeps shifting through time and history.
25
Oldfield, Paul. ‘To Destroy a City so Great and Remarkable’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0023.
Full textAbstract:
Medieval works of urban panegyric, some of which adhered to the so-called laus civitatis paradigm, ostensibly represented initiatives formed to praise and promote the profile of a given city. This literary genre flourished particularly in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and can be connected to fundamental transformations that were occurring in medieval urban life. Indeed, while in many cases these works served unexpressed agendas, they were not simple pieces of fiction and rhetoric. Their power lay in their reapplication of Classical and Christian traditions, in their reflection of some of the deep realities of urban living, and in their association with the heated conceptual debates surrounding the very idea of the medieval city. In this context, the inclusion of material which could lament or dishonour the name of a city, or which could imply a threat to its integrity may seem both incongruent and significant. Focusing primarily on Bonvesin della Riva’s celebrated De Magnalibus Mediolani (1288), this chapter thus explores the dissonant presence of lamentation and critique presented in works of urban panegyric in order to produce a more nuanced and holistic understanding of this literary genre as well as a new appreciation of the evidence it can offer for understanding medieval urban mentalities at a crucial point in the process of European urbanization.
26
Sajó, András, and Renáta Uitz. Constitutions and Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732174.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses the concept of constitutionalism and its relation to legal constitutions. It explains how the terms ‘constitution’ and ‘constitutionalism’ are used before asking what makes a document (whether an agreement or an imposed charter) into a constitution and whether constitutionalism makes government weak. It considers constitutions as a genre of political self-expression and explores how constitutional bargains allow political transition (from an authoritarian/military regime to more traditional constitutional democracy, or the other way around). It also describes the constitutional arrangements of limited government as calculated, rational reactions to fear. It explores how constitutional order is related to social organization and the function of a constitution as an instrument of pre-commitment. Finally, it explores imperfect constitutions and threats to constitutionalism.
27
Mitchell, Koritha. Redefining “Black Theater”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036491.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter demonstrates that the first black-authored lynching play, Rachel, by Angelina Weld Grimké, emerged in 1914 partly because the mainstream stage accepted black actors but limited them to comedy or white-authored material. Grimké and others thus began privileging playwriting over acting in order to control the race's representation. Nevertheless, African American intellectuals and artists came to value black dramatists because of the success of performers—even minstrels and musical comedians. Moreover, Grimké's Rachel proved influential enough to initiate the genre of lynching drama because other poets and fiction writers also began writing plays. As Grimké's successors offered generic revisions, their efforts helped to redefine black theater again. The chapter therefore identifies the differences and commonalities between their work and Grimké's.
28
Martin, Fran. Girls Who Love Boys’ Love. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390809.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Based on interviews with 30 female readers of BL (Boys’ Love) manga in Taipei, this chapter analyzes the BL scene in Taiwan from the perspective of its social utility as a discursive arena enabling women collectively to think through transforming social ideologies around gender and sexuality. This form of participatory pop culture is most interesting, the author argues, not because of any unilateral subversiveness vis-à-vis culturally dominant understandings of (feminine) gender or (homo)sexuality. Rather, it is important in providing a space for the collective articulation of young women’s in-process thinking on these questions. The chapter also engages with the Japaneseness of the genre as consumed in Taiwan in order to consider the imaginative function that its perceived cultural “otherness” performs.
29
Spelman, Henry. Genre and Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821274.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Whereas previous chapters focused on Pindar’s epinicians, this chapter broadens the scope of inquiry to consider Pindar’s other genres and also earlier lyric. First, it turns to Pindar’s fragmentary cultic poetry to see what can be determined about the representations and realities of secondary reception as they relate to genre. The conclusion emerges that, though the rhetoric of permanence is less common outside the epinicians, Pindar’s other genres also aimed to engage audiences beyond their first performance. Next, this chapter turns to earlier lyric in order to investigate how Pindar’s orientation towards a layered public relates to the lyric tradition from which he emerges. It is argued that, while fifth-century professional poets celebrate their literary afterlife with exceptional brio, earlier lyric poets also associated wide and lasting dissemination with poetic excellence.
30
Canevaro, Lilah Grace. Hellenistic Hesiod. Edited by Alexander C. Loney and Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.22.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter uses Callimachus’s Aetia, Aratus’s Phaenomena, and Nicander’s Theriaca to explore the intense engagement with Hesiodic poetry in the Hellenistic period. Informed by statistics for explicit references to Hesiod at this time, it asks: Why is this the only period of antiquity in which the Theogony and the Works and Days are considered equally important? Questions of genre and didaxis, of inspiration and knowledge, are set against a backdrop of learned library culture, in order to determine what it really meant in the Hellenistic age to be a scholar-poet. This chapter draws on a recent wave of interest in the ancient reception of Hesiod and considers not only how Hesiodic poetry was used, but also how the potential for that use is embedded in the archaic poems themselves.
31
Kim, Christine. National Incompletion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040139.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines how the figure of the Asian is currently positioned within the project of Canadian multiculturalism in order to discern how differently racialized bodies experience affective and political citizenship. It critiques the assumption that Asian Canadian publics demand recognition in multicultural terms by turning to two contemporary Asian Canadian texts that explore the unfinished nature of these conversations about race: Theatre Replacement's 2007 production, Bioboxes, and Joy Kogawa's 1995 novel, The Rain Ascends. These texts, as they call for intimacy, demand recognition in different ways: the first forces the audience to be physically conscious of the racialized body with which it shares a confined space, and the second uses the genre of the confessional novel to compel the reader to witness the most mundane and personal details of the narrator's story.
32
Spelman, Henry. The Epinician Present. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821274.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter VII discusses epinician as a living social practice in Pindar’s day. By assembling clues from across his corpus one can see further into a cultural and literary context which shapes the meaning of many passages and indeed the significance of Pindar’s authorial project as a whole. The texts themselves provide our best evidence for the contours of that context. This chapter analyses different sorts of references and draws conclusions from each type. Five sections treat, in order, the epinician genre, Pindar’s career, patrons’ history of patronage, other eulogists, and revels at the site of the games. Section 6 offers an interpretation of Nemean 6, an ode that situates itself both within traditional social practices and a poetic canon. A conclusion then synthesizes preceding arguments and offers a reconstruction of the literary culture surrounding fifth-century epinician.
33
Denecke, Wiebke. Masters (zi子). Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.14.
Full textAbstract:
“Masters Literature” constitutes China’s most influential and productive repository of philosophical thought, featuring debates about fundamental questions of social order, the good life, governance, heavenly justice, human character, and the cosmos. The chapter first discusses how people have defined the Masters corpus from antiquity to the present and how divergent definitions affect our understanding of this textual genre. It then surveys the most important intellectual camps and approaches within Masters Literature, namely Confucians, Mohists, Persuaders, Lao-Zhuang and Huang-Lao Daoism, statecraft specialists, encyclopedic compendia, and Han masters and scholar-officials, asking in each case what central intellectual concerns were at stake and what major rhetorical formats and strategies were used to make convincing arguments. Lastly, it touches on how Masters Literature is significant today and what kind of debates it has catalyzed for the present.
34
Hunter, J. Paul. Defoe, Journalism, and the Early English Novel. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.003.0031.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses Daniel Defoe's ambition to outline in everyday terms the economy of the world to produce a sense of the complete English gentleman, complete English tradesman, complete English planter and traveller, and complete English political theorist. His journalistic endeavours recorded and rhetorically shaped one set of aspects of that Englished world economy. His novels, with their minglings of fact and fantasy, of realism and coincidence, of ground detail and bird's-eye view, record and shape another set — of a reordered economy of genre. Defoe imports many different models into his texts, and each new model reproduces its own generic stamp in some way. An emblematic example of the novel is Robinson Crusoe (1719), in which the power of journalism, of repeated recording, to order a local or larger economy, is mirrored in Crusoe's journal.
35
Cargill, Robert R. Melchizedek, King of Sodom. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946968.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book argues that the biblical figure Melchizedek mentioned in Gen. 14 as the king of Shalem originally appeared in the text as the king of Sodom. Textual evidence is presented to demonstrate that the word סדם (Sodom) was changed to שׁלם (Shalem) in order to avoid depicting the patriarch Abram as receiving a blessing and goods from the king of Sodom, whose city was soon thereafter destroyed for its sinfulness according to the biblical tradition. This change from Sodom to Shalem caused a disjointed narrative in Gen. 14:18–20, which many scholars have wrongly attributed to a later interpolation. This book also provides textual evidence of minor, strategic redactional changes to the Hebrew Bible and the Samaritan Pentateuch that demonstrate the evolving, polemical, sectarian discourse between Jews and Samaritans as they were competing for the superiority of their respective temples and holy mountains. These minor strategic changes to the HB were used as the ideological motivation in the Second Temple Jewish literary tradition for the relocation of Shalem away from the Samaritan religious center at Mt. Gerizim to the Levitical priestly center in Jerusalem. This book also examines how the possible reference to Melchizedek in Ps. 110 may have influenced later Judaism’s understanding of Melchizedek.
36
Franklin, Carmela Vircillo. Theodor Mommsen, Louis Duchesne, and the Liber pontificalis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818489.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter juxtaposes the theory and the practice of philology in the late nineteenth-century race to produce a modern critical edition of the Liber pontificalis. The resulting works, one by the French priest and church historian Louis Duchesne, the other by the classicist and German patriot Theodor Mommsen, showcase the editors’ divergent aims in the application of recensionist criticism, shaped as it was by their scholarly, national, religious, and personal loyalties. Mommsen’s edition adheres to the principles of ‘German’ critical philology and its desire to recover the original text; Duchesne’s two volumes exploit the nature of the medieval papal chronicle as a constantly changing ‘living text’ in order to emphasize the historical significance of its reception. Both editions illustrate the themes of marginality and canonicity as they relate to literary genre and historical period, to religious commitment and national sentiment, and to the tension between classical methodology and medieval texts.
37
Spelman, Henry. Vital Light in Isthmian 4. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821274.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Isthmian 4 is very interested in light imagery. This chapter offers an interpretation of this ode focused on the interplay between fire and celestial light in order to show how these images invite audiences to reflect on the paradoxical nature of this poem and indeed all of Pindaric epinician as simultaneously an utterance forming part of a transitory revel and an enduring artefact. Isthmian 4 highlights a paradox central to Pindaric epinician: the poem succeeds in its original setting by promising to transcend it. One understands this ode best by simultaneously assuming the perspectives of both initial and later audiences. Epinician performance is a concrete action that derives its distinctive value from its consequences ramifying into the future. We misconstrue the genre if we discount the consciousness of posterity which pervades the act or if we sever the link between the artefact and its origins in an unrepeatable moment.
38
Chapin, Keith. Learned Style and Learned Styles. Edited by Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Eighteenth-century writers on music recognized a spectrum of learned styles. These included not only the imitative counterpoint characteristic of the fugue and the species counterpoint associated witha cappellapolyphony, but also a broad range of other styles, such as strict style, church style, orstile antico, transmitted from specialist to specialist over many decades and even centuries. The topic of the learned style, however, was a special formation or intensification of texture that occurred within the norms of late eighteenth-century phrasing, harmony, and texture. The tension between learned styles (each grounded in certain genre traditions) and learned style (the versatile and itinerant topic) informs not only the various manifestations of the learned style, which can be used for various formal purposes, but also its signification, which springs from the concerns of order and tradition that accompanied the transmission of learned styles from generation to generation.
39
Piccato, Pablo. A Historical Perspective on Crime Fiction in Mexico During the Middle Decades of the Twentieth Century. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.18.
Full textAbstract:
Detective and murder stories emerged and had their moment of greatest popularity in Mexico in the 1940s and 1950s. Although this genre has been neglected in scholarship, this essay argues that it catered to a growing number of readers and authors eager to make sense of a Mexican reality seen as closely connected with the rest of the world. This article surveys this production during the middle decades of the twentieth century and argues that, despite great differences in their styles and themes, these narratives illustrate the critical engagement of Mexican readers with the state, particularly in relation to its inability to provide justice through police and judicial investigations. Better than any other cultural text or field of knowledge, this literature, along with the police news in newspapers, laid out the coordinates that readers in Mexico’s rapidly expanding urban centers had to follow in order to navigate that complex life-world.
40
Davis, Coralynn V. Homo narrans and the Irrepressibility of Stories. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038426.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter demonstrates that Maithil women weave theories of storytelling into their tales; moreover, some of these theories resonate with those developed in multidisciplinary literatures that consider the role of narrative in human life. Three specific contentions are examined. The first is Maithil women's implicit argument that stories themselves carry a form of agency that renders them irrepressible. This irrepressibility of tales takes on a particularly gendered significance in the context of Maithil gender order. The second narratological point is that stories move and morph. When stories travel across space, genre, context, and teller, as they inevitably do, they change in meaning and content. Finally, Maithil women's tales intimate a theory about the political nature of stories and storytelling: that insights and viewpoints on the social configurations of power are embedded in tales, and therefore their telling is a form of discursive political engagement.
41
Pribram, E. Deidre. Circulating Emotion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Crash (Paul Haggis, 2005) follows a range of diverse but intersecting characters who, in their entirety, are meant to represent a social landscape: modern American urban existence. Through an ensemble cast and a multi-story structure, the film depicts a circuitous society in which one part affects other parts that, in turn, affect all parts. This chapter takes up the complex, multi-discursive world depicted in Crash in order to explore the place—or absence—of emotion in genre studies. Looking specifically at the moments of collision between characters in which the issues of race and gender are inseparable, it considers how anger specifically, and perhaps emotion in general, can be understood to ignite and fuel complex social relations. Such an analysis tells us about the ways in which emotions as cultural phenomena are understood or, equally, overlooked in media and other social representations.
42
Riddle, Nick. The Damned. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325529.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Damned (1963) is the most intriguing of director Joseph Losey's British “journeyman” films. A sci-fi film by a director who hated sci-fi; a Hammer production that sat on the shelf for over two years before being released with almost no publicity as the second half of a double bill. Losey was a director vocal in his dislike of depictions of physical violence, but he often made films that radiate an energy produced by a violent clash of elements. The Damned catches a series of collisions — some of them inadvertent — and traps them as if in amber. Its volatile elements include Losey, the blacklisted director; Hammer, the erratic British studio, Oliver Reed, the 'dangerous' young actor, and radioactive children. This book concentrates on historical and cultural context, place, genre, and other themes in order to try to make sense of a fascinating, underappreciated film.
43
Lukač, Morana. From usage guides to language blogs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808206.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Public debates on language use today have switched platforms from newspaper columns to social media, and instead of turning the pages of printed usage guides, English speakers most commonly turn to the internet for usage advice. One of the most successful web-based usage guides, here referred to as usage guides 2.0, is the educational podcast ‘Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing’, which is also available in blog format enabling comments from the audience. This paper presents an analysis of the blog entries and comments from this podcast with a two-fold aim. First, Grammar Girl, as a web-based usage guide, is compared to traditional usage guides available in the HUGE database in order to shed light on potential changes within the usage guide genre that have occurred in the new medium. Second, the analysis of the blog comments attempts to provide a systematic overview of online metalinguistic discussions.
44
Polis, Stéphane. Linguistic Variation in Ancient Egyptian. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768104.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides an overview of the types of linguistic variation attested in pre-demotic Egyptian. More specifically, a sociolinguistic perspective is adopted in order to describe the impact that extralinguistic factors—such as time, origin, and social status of the scribe, situation of communication—may have on the written performance at the time. It is observed that the dimensions of variation related to the scribes, while not entirely absent, are rather elusive in this corpus. Variation resulting from the contexts of communication, conversely, is significant: within a multifaceted scribal repertoire, each genre imposes the selection of specific linguistic registers, which range from greater vernacularity and variation to greater formality and standardization. In a final section, the community of Deir el-Medina, namely the settlement of (royal) tomb-builders during the New Kingdom, is in focus so as to describe the effects that this particular scribal environment had on the written production.
45
Jones, Matthew, and Jennifer Thompson. Atypical presentations of Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Alzheimer’s disease usually presents in older age with progressive episodic memory loss. Atypical presentations of Alzheimer’s disease occur and involve non-amnestic and early-onset forms of the disease. Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (lvPPA) are two well-described syndromes that are most commonly due to atypical presentations of Alzheimer’s disease. PCA is a higher-order disturbance of vision whilst lvPPA is characterized by hesitant speech with word-finding difficulties and problems with repetition of words and phrases. Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease presents before the age of 65 and typically consists of a constellation of progressive cortical deficits including language disturbance, apraxia, visuospatial deficits, and poor working memory. Alzheimer’s disease may rarely be inherited because of an autosomal dominant mutation in one of three genes (PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP). Recognition and accurate diagnosis of these atypical forms is vital to ensure patients receive the most appropriate care and treatment.
46
Ziad, Waleed. Transporting Knowledge in the Durrani Empire. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294134.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Until the upheavals caused by the Soviet invasion, the leaders of the Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Sufi order formed Afghanistan’s religious establishment. How this came about, however, has never been previously ascertained. This chapter examines how Muslim religious knowledge was first transmitted to Afghanistan from India through the lens of Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Sufi manuals composed in Kabul and Peshawar at the turn of the nineteenth century. The chapter argues that these texts represent a new “handbook” genre, merging mystical theology and praxis. Before the advent of a regional print culture, they served as easily replicable tools enabling the efficient transfer of complex knowledge systems in the form of a regularized curriculum to diverse cultural environments beyond the Afghan Durrani Empire. Drawing from the field of readership studies, the chapter shows how these texts helped foster a uniform yet flexible cosmological and methodological system, which facilitated the exchange of human capital and texts across a vast territory, and absorbed a host of localized practices and institutions.
47
Newman, Andrew. Allegories of Encounter. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643458.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book analyzes representations of reading, writing, and recollecting texts – “literacy events” – in early America’s best-known literary genre. Captivity narratives reveal how colonial captives treasured the written word in order to distinguish themselves from their native captors and to affiliate with their distant cultural communities. Their narratives suggest that Indians recognized this value, sometimes with benevolence: repeatedly, they presented colonists with books. In this way and others, scriptures, saintly lives, and even Shakespeare were introduced into the diverse experiences of colonial captivity. Captivity narratives reflect lived allegories, the identification of one’s own unfolding story with the stories of others. Sources include the foundational New England narratives of Mary Rowlandson and John Williams, the French Jesuit accounts of the colonial saints Isaac Jogues and Kateri Tekakwitha, the Anglo-African John Marrant’s account of his sojourn in Cherokee territory, and the narratives of Colonel James Smith and other captives in the Great Lakes region during the late eighteenth century.
48
Schaflechner, Jürgen. Historical Representations and Recent Changes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190850524.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 3 introduces the tradition of ritual journeys and sacred geographies in South Asia, then hones in on a detailed history of the grueling and elaborate pilgrimage attached to the shrine of Hinglaj. Before the construction of the Makran Coastal Highway the journey to the Goddess’s remote abode in the desert of Balochistan frequently presented a lethally dangerous undertaking for her devotees, the hardships of which have been described by many sources in Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Sindhi, and Urdu. This chapter draws heavily from original sources, including travelogues and novels, which are supplanted with local oral histories in order to weave a historical tapestry that displays the rich array of practices and beliefs surrounding the pilgrimage and how they have changed over time. The comparative analysis demonstrates how certain motifs, such as austerity (Skt. tapasyā), remain important themes within the whole Hinglaj genre even in modern times while others have been lost in the contemporary era.
49
Miklitsch, Robert. The Crimson Kimono. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040689.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Samuel Fuller’s Crimson Kimono (1959) is, like Odds against Tomorrow (1959), a paradigmatic late ‘50s American noir. Part policier, part melodrama, part “art” film, part “B” or exploitation picture, The Crimson Kimono deploys the sort of self-reflexive devices associated with Douglas Sirk’s ‘50s melodramas in order to “estrange” or “alienate” the dark crime film. For example, by portraying an interracial romance and commenting on the cliché of Oriental inscrutability, The Crimson Kimono foregrounds the black-and-white moral calculus of melodrama even as italicizes the racial difference, not to say racism, that has been a part, however occluded, of the history of “black film.” Equally importantly, by refiguring the film’s Asian-American police detective as the “hero” of the narrative who solves the case and “gets the girl,” Fuller’s film refashions one of the constitutive tropes of the genre, the “Shanghai gesture,” a trope that can itself be traced back to The Maltese Falcon (1941) and the origins of classic American film noir.
50
Walden, Victoria. Studying Hammer Horror. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906733322.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
When Hammer Productions was formed in the 1920s, no one foresaw the impact this small, independent studio would have on the international film market. Christopher Lee's mesmerizing, animalistic, yet gentlemanly performance as Dracula, Frankenstein's Monster, and the Mummy were celebrated worldwide, and the Byronic qualities of Peter Cushing's Dr. Frankenstein, among his many other Hammer characters, proved impossible to forget. Hammer maintained consistent period settings, creating a timeless and enchanting aesthetic. This book treats Hammer as a quintessentially British product and through a study of its work investigates larger conceptions of national horror cinemas. The book examines genre, auteur theory, stardom, and representation within case studies of Curse of Frankenstein (1957), Twins of Evil (1971), and Hammer's latest film, Beyond the Rave (2008). The book weighs Hammer's impact on the British film industry, past and present. Intended for students, fans, and general readers, this book transcends superficial preconceptions of Hammer horror in order to reach the essence of Hammer.