Dissertations / Theses: 'Gene structure in plasmodia'

1

Watts, David Ian. "A comparison of gene structure in amoebae and plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35177.

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The control of gene expression by rearrangement of DNA sequences, in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is recorded in several instances. These accompany the differentiation of cells, yielding a new phenotype. The possibility of such a means of gene control operating in Physarum was considered; this organism undergoes marked changes in cell morphology and function during the amoebal-plasmodial transition. Genes activated or inactivated in this transition were examined for possible changes in structure. This was done by using amoebal- and plasmodial-specific cDNAs to probe Southern blots of amoebal and plasmodial DNA, digested with restriction endonucleases. This procedure should have revealed any restriction enzyme polymorphisms that might have existed between amoebae and plasmodia as a result of DNA rearrangements. However, no changes in DNA structure were observed between amoebae and plasmodia. The scope of this investigation is critically assessed. The methylation of cytosine residues has also been proposed as a means of controlling gene expression in eukaryotes. The available amoebal- and plasmodial-specific cDNAs were used therefore to probe Southern blots of amoebal and plasmodial DNA digested with methylation sensitive and insensitive restriction enzymes, in order to examine the methylation patterns of DNA from the two forms. For all phase-specific genes tested, the patterns in amoebae and plasmodia were identical, suggesting that no changes had occurred. Again, the scope of this investigation is assessed, and the possibility of a more extensive search for putative DNA rearrangements or changes in methylation pattern is mooted. To study closely the structure of three plasmodial-specific genes, attempts were made to clone regions of Physarum genomic DNA containing these sequences. It was not possible to isolate positive clones in any useful quantity. The probable reasons for the difficulties encountered are discussed.

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2

Holding, Thomas Mitchell. "Multi-scale immune selection and the maintenance of structured antigenic diversity in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33217.

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The most virulent malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, makes use of extensive antigenic diversity to maximise its transmission potential. Parasite genomes contain several highly polymorphic gene families, whose products are the target of protective immune responses. The best studied of these are the PfEMP1 surface proteins, which are encoded by the var multi-gene family and are important virulence factors. During infection, the parasite switches expression between PfEMP1 variants in order to evade adaptive immune responses and prolong infection. On the population level, parasites appear to be structured with respect to their var genes into non-overlapping repertoires, which can lead to high reinfection rates. This non-random structuring of antigenic diversity can also be found at the level of individual var gene repertoires and var genes themselves. However, not much is known about the evolutionary determinants which select for and maintain this structure at different ecological scales. In this thesis I investigate the mechanisms by which multi-scale immune selection and other ecological factors influence the evolution of structured diversity. Using a suite of theoretical frameworks I show that treating diversity as a dynamic property, which emerges from the underlying infection and transmission processes, has a major effect on the relationship between the parasite’s transmis- sion potential and disease prevalence, with important implications for monitoring control efforts. Furthermore, I show that an evolutionary trade-off between within-host and between-host fitness together with functional constraints on diversification can explain the structured diversity found at both the repertoire and parasite population level and might also account for empirically observed exposure-dependent acquisition of immunity. Together, this work highlights the need to consider evolutionary factors acting at different ecological scales to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex immune-epidemiology of P. falciparum malaria.

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3

Rono, Evans Kiplangat. "Variation in the Anopheles gambiae TEP1 Gene Shapes Local Population Structures of Malaria Mosquitoes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18573.

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Die Allele (*R1, *R2, *S1 und *S2) des A. gambiae complement-like thioester-containing Protein 1 (TEP1) bestimmen die Fitness der Mücken, welches die männlichen Fertilität und den Resistenzgrad der Mücke gegen Pathogene wie Bakterien und Malaria-Parasiten. Dieser Kompromiss zwischen Reproduktion und Immunnität hat Auswirkungen auf die Größe der Mückenpopulationen und die Rate der Malariaübertragung. Wie die genetische Diversität von TEP1 die genetische Struktur natürlicher Vektorpopulationen beeinflusst, ist noch unklar. Die Zielsetzung dieser Doktorarbeit waren: i) die biogeographische Kartographierung der TEP1 Allele und Genotypen in lokalen Malariavektorpopulationen in Mali, Burkina Faso, Kamerun, und Kenia, und ii) die Bemessung des Einflusses von TEP1 Polymorphismen auf die Entwicklung humaner P. falciparum Parasiten in der Mücke. Die Analysen der TEP1 Polymorphismen zeigten, dass die natürliche Selektion auf Exone, sowie Introne wirkt, was auf eine starke funktionale Beschränkung an diesem Lokus hindeutet. Außerdem zeigen unsere Daten die strukturierte Erhaltung natürlicher genetischer Variation im TEP1 Lokus, in welchem die Allele und Genotypen spezifische evolutionäre Wege verfolgen. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf die Existenz von arten- und habitatspezifischen Selektionsdrücken hin, die auf den TEP1 Lokus wirken. Resultate haben gezeigt, dass TEP1*S1 und *S2 Mücken gleichermassen empfänglich für Plasmodium-Infektionen sind. Insgesamt tragen die Resultate der biogeographischen Kartographierung des TEP1 Lokus und der Züchtungs- und Infektionsexperimente zu einem besseren Verständnis über den Einfluss der verschiedenen Vektorarten und lokale Umwelteinflüsse auf die Vektorpopulationen und Malariaübertragung bei. Des weiteren kann die hier beschriebene hochdurchsatz-genotypisierungs Methode, zur Studie lokaler A. gambiae Mückenpopulationen, in der Feldforschungsarbeit eingesetzt werden. Dieser neue Ansatz wird die epidemiologisch relevante Überwachung und Vorhersage dynamischer Prozesse in lokalen Malariavektorpopulationen unterstützen, welche die Entwicklung neuer Strategien der Vektorkontrolle ermöglichen könnten.
The alleles (*R1, *R2, *S1 and *S2) and genotypes of A. gambiae complement-like thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) determine the fitness in male fertility and the degree of mosquito resistance to pathogens such as bacteria and malaria parasites. This trade-off between the reproduction and the immunity impacts directly on mosquito population abundance and malaria transmission respectively. How TEP1 genetic diversity influences the genetic structure of natural vector populations and development of human malaria parasites is unclear. The aims of this thesis were to: i) map distribution of TEP1 alleles and genotypes in local malaria vector populations in Mali, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Kenya, and ii) assess the impact of TEP1 polymorphism on development of human P. falciparum parasites in mosquitoes. Analyses of TEP1 polymorphism revealed that natural selection acts in concert on both exons and introns, suggesting strong functional constrains acting at this locus. Moreover, our data demonstrate a structured maintenance of natural TEP1 genetic variation, where the alleles and the genotypes follow distinct evolutionary paths. These findings suggest the existence of species- and habitat-specific selection patterns that act on TEP1 locus. Results revealed that the TEP1*S1 and *S2 mosquitoes are equally susceptible to Plasmodium infections. Collectively, results of my thesis on the biogeographic TEP1 mapping, and on the breeding and infection experiments contribute to a better understanding of how the vector species and local environmental factors, shape vector population structures and malaria transmission. Furthermore, the high throughput TEP1 genotyping approach reported here could be used for field studies of local A. gambiae mosquito populations. This new approach will benefit surveilance and prediction of dynamics in local malaria vector populations that may have epidemiological significance, and therefore inform the development of novel vector control measures.

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4

Jones, Piet. "Structure learning of gene interaction networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86650.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is an ever increasing wealth of information that is being generated regarding biological systems, in particular information on the interactions and dependencies of genes and their regulatory process. It is thus important to be able to attach functional understanding to this wealth of information. Mathematics can potentially provide the tools needed to generate the necessary abstractions to model the complex system of gene interaction. Here the problem of uncovering gene interactions is cast in several contexts, namely uncovering gene interaction patterns using statistical dependence, cooccurrence as well as feature enrichment. Several techniques have been proposed in the past to solve these, with various levels of success. Techniques have ranged from supervised learning, clustering analysis, boolean networks to dynamical Bayesian models and complex system of di erential equations. These models attempt to navigate a high dimensional space with challenging degrees of freedom. In this work a number of approaches are applied to hypothesize a gene interaction network structure. Three di erent models are applied to real biological data to generate hypotheses on putative biological interactions. A cluster-based analysis combined with a feature enrichment detection is initially applied to a Vitis vinifera dataset, in a targetted analysis. This model bridges a disjointed set of putatively co-expressed genes based on signi cantly associated features, or experimental conditions. We then apply a cross-cluster Markov Blanket based model, on a Saccharomyces cerevisiae dataset. Here the disjointed clusters are bridged by estimating statistical dependence relationship across clusters, in an un-targetted approach. The nal model applied to the same Saccharomyces cerevisiae dataset is a non-parametric Bayesian method that detects probeset co-occurrence given a local background and inferring gene interaction based on the topological network structure resulting from gene co-occurance. In each case we gather evidence to support the biological relevance of these hypothesized interactions by investigating their relation to currently established biological knowledge. The various methods applied here appear to capture di erent aspects of gene interaction, in the datasets we applied them to. The targetted approach appears to putatively infer gene interactions based on functional similarities. The cross-cluster-analysis-based methods, appear to capture interactions within pathways. The probabilistic-co-occurrence-based method appears to generate modules of functionally related genes that are connected to potentially explain the underlying experimental dynamics.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is 'n toenemende rykdom van inligting wat gegenereer word met betrekking tot biologiese stelsels, veral inligting oor die interaksies en afhanklikheidsverhoudinge van gene asook hul regulatoriese prosesse. Dit is dus belangrik om in staat te wees om funksionele begrip te kan heg aan hierdie rykdom van inligting. Wiskunde kan moontlik die gereedskap verskaf en die nodige abstraksies bied om die komplekse sisteem van gene interaksies te modelleer. Hier is die probleem met die beraming van die interaksies tussen gene benader uit verskeie kontekste uit, soos die ontdekking van patrone in gene interaksie met behulp van statistiese afhanklikheid , mede-voorkoms asook funksie verryking. Verskeie tegnieke is in die verlede voorgestel om hierdie probleem te benader, met verskillende vlakke van sukses. Tegnieke het gewissel van toesig leer , die groepering analise, boolean netwerke, dinamiese Bayesian modelle en 'n komplekse stelsel van di erensiaalvergelykings. Hierdie modelle poog om 'n hoë dimensionele ruimte te navigeer met uitdagende grade van vryheid. In hierdie werk word 'n aantal benaderings toegepas om 'n genetiese interaksie netwerk struktuur voor te stel. Drie verskillende modelle word toegepas op werklike biologiese data met die doel om hipoteses oor vermeende biologiese interaksies te genereer. 'n Geteikende groeperings gebaseerde analise gekombineer met die opsporing van verrykte kenmerke is aanvanklik toegepas op 'n Vitis vinifera datastel. Hierdie model verbind disjunkte groepe van vermeende mede-uitgedrukte gene wat gebaseer is op beduidende verrykte kenmerke, hier eksperimentele toestande . Ons pas dan 'n tussen groepering Markov Kombers model toe, op 'n Saccharomyces cerevisiae datastel. Hier is die disjunkte groeperings ge-oorbrug deur die beraming van statistiese afhanklikheid verhoudings tussen die elemente in die afsondelike groeperings. Die nale model was ons toepas op dieselfde Saccharomyces cerevisiae datastel is 'n nie- parametriese Bayes metode wat probe stelle van mede-voorkommende gene ontdek, gegee 'n plaaslike agtergrond. Die gene interaksie is beraam op grond van die topologie van die netwerk struktuur veroorsaak deur die gesamentlike voorkoms gene. In elk van die voorgenome gevalle word ons hipotese vermoedelik ondersteun deur die beraamde gene interaksies in terme van huidige biologiese kennis na te vors. Die verskillende metodes wat hier toegepas is, modelleer verskillende aspekte van die interaksies tussen gene met betrekking tot die datastelle wat ons ondersoek het. In die geteikende benadering blyk dit asof ons vermeemde interaksies beraam gebaseer op die ooreenkoms van biologiese funksies. Waar die a eide gene interaksies moontlik gebaseer kan wees op funksionele ooreenkomste tussen die verskeie gene. In die analise gebaseer op die tussen modelering van gene groepe, blyk dit asof die verhouding van gene in bekende biologiese substelsels gemodelleer word. Dit blyk of die model gebaseer op die gesamentlike voorkoms van gene die verband tussen groepe van funksionele verbonde gene modelleer om die onderliggende dinamiese eienskappe van die experiment te verduidelik.

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5

呂志恆 and Chi-hang Vincent Lui. "Gene structure and expression of human pro-alpha2(XI) collagen (col11A2) gene." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234355.

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6

Lui, Chi-hang Vincent. "Gene structure and expression of human pro-alpha2(XI) collagen (col11A2) gene /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14394856.

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7

McCabe, Veronica Mary. "Domain structure of the mouse Xist gene." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286333.

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8

Pearce, Marcela. "Genomic structure of the human utrophin gene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318897.

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9

Chua, Y. L. "Chromatin structure of the pea plastocyanin gene." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597674.

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The pea plastocyanin gene (PetE) is a single-copy, nuclear photosynthesis gene. Pea PetE is flanked by an enhancer/5' matrix attachment region (MAR) and a 3' MAR. When linked upstream to uidA directed by the CaMV 35S promoter, the enhancer/5' MAR increased reporter gene expression in transgenic tobacco plants. In contrast, the 3' MAR increased expression only when linked downstream of the reporter gene. The 3' MAR, but not the 5' MAR, decreased variation in reporter gene expression. These results indicate that the two MARs surrounding PetE have different effects on transgene expression. The chromatin structure of PetE was examined at three different transcriptional states by investigating the nuclease accessibility of the gene in pea roots, etiolated shoots and green shoots. Time-course digestions of nuclei with micrococcal nuclease and DNaseI indicated that the enhancer/5' MAR and promoter regions were more resistant to digestion in the inactive gene in pea roots than the same regions in the active gene in shoots, whereas the transcribed region of PetE was digested similarly amongst the tissues. PetE transcription is hence accompanied by changes in the nuclease accessibility of the enhancer/5' MAR and promoter regions only. The acetylation states of histone H3 and H4 proteins associated with PetE were analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for acetylated or non-acetylated histone tails followed by polymerase chain reaction quantification. Comparison of pea tissue indicated that histone acetylation was associated with increased PetE transcription in green shoots. Moreover, acetylation of both histone H3 and H4 proteins was targeted to the enhancer/5' MAR and promoter regions in green shoots, suggesting that only specific nucleosomes along the gene were modified.

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10

李福基 and Fuk-ki Lee. "Sorbitol dehydrogenase: gene structure, function and mutation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237241.

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11

Wallis, Julia Ann. "Structure of the human N-cadherin gene." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244026.

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12

Lee, Fuk-ki. "Sorbitol dehydrogenase : gene structure, function and mutation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20604658.

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13

Mortazavi, Ali Rothenberg Ellen V. Wold Barbara J. "Structure and evolution of mammalian gene networks /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05292008-140438.

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14

Meyer, Quinton Christian. "Metagenomic approaches to gene discovery." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7031_1182747173.

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The classical approach to gene discovery has been to culture micro-organisms demonstrating a specific enzyme activity and then to recover the gene of interest through shotgun cloning. The realization that these standard microbiological methods provide limited access to the true microbial biodiversity and therefore the available microbial genetic diversity (collectively termed the Metagenome) has resulted in the development of environmental nucleic acid extraction technologies designed to access this wealth of genetic information, thereby avoiding the limitations of culture dependent genetic exploitation. In this work several gene discovery technologies was employed in an attempt to recover novel bacterial laccase genes (EC 1.10.3.2), a group of enzymes in which considerable biotechnological interest has been expressed. Metagenomic DNA extracted from two organic rich environmental samples was used as the source material for the construction of two genomic DNA libraries. The small insert plasmid based library derived from compost DNA consisted of approximately 106 clones at an average insert size of 2.7Kbp, equivalent to 2.6 Gbp of cloned environmental DNA. A Fosmid based large insert library derived from grape waste DNA consisted of approximately 44000 cfu at an average insert size of 25Kbp (1.1 Gbp cloned DNA). Both libraries were screened for laccase activity but failed to produce novel laccase genes. As an alternative approach, a multicopper oxidase specific PCR detection assay was developed using a laccase positive Streptomyces strain as a model organism. The newly designed primers were used to detect the presence of bacterial multicopper oxidases in environmental samples. This resulted in the identification of nine novel gene fragments showing identity ranging from 37 to 94% to published putative bacterial multicopper oxidase gene sequences. Three clones pMCO6, pMCO8 and pMCO9 were significantly smaller than those typically reported for bacterial laccases and were assigned to a recently described clade of Streptomyces bacterial multicopper oxidases.

Two PCR based techniques were employed to attempt the recovery of flanking regions for two of these genes (pMCO7 and pMCO8). The use of TAIL-PCR resulted in the recovery of 90% of the pMCO7 ORF. As an alternative approach the Vectorette&trade
system was employed to recover the 3&rsquo
downstream region of pMCO8. The complexity of the DNA sample proved to be a considerable technical challenge for the implementation of both these techniques. The feasibility of both these approaches were however demonstrated in principle. Finally, in an attempt to expedite the recovery of fulllength copies of these genes a subtractive hybridization magnetic bead capture technique was adapted and employed to recover a full &ndash
length putative multicopper oxidase gene from a Streptomyces strain in a proof of concept experiment. The StrepA06pMCO gene fragment was used as a &lsquo
driver&rsquo
against fragmented Streptomyces genomic DNA (&lsquo
tester&rsquo
) and resulted in the recovery of a 1215 bp open reading frame. Unexpectedly, this ORF showed only 80% identity to the StrepA06pMCO gene sequence at nucleotide level, and 48% amino acid identity to a putative mco gene derived from a Norcardioides sp JS614.

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15

Thorpe, Karen Louise. "Gene structure, phylogeny and mutation analysis of RING3 : a novel MHC-encoded gene." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325009.

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16

Lindås, Ann-Christin. "Tripeptidyl-Peptidase II : Structure, Function and Gene Regulation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Biochemistry, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7345.

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The protein degradation process is of vital importance for the cell to maintain cellular functions. An important enzyme in this process is the multimeric tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPP II). It removes tripeptides from a free N-terminus of the substrates. TPP II has broad substrate specificity and wide-spread distribution, suggesting that the TPP II gene is a house-keeping gene. However, the levels of both mRNA and TPP II protein varies during different conditions and the TPP II gene promoter was therefore identified and characterized. It is a 215 bp fragment just upstream of the coding sequence. This fragment lacks a TATA-box but contains an initiator, two inverted CCAAT-boxes and an E-box. The CCAAT-boxes and the E-box were found to bind the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) and upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1) respectively. The CCAAT-boxes appear to be most important for the transcriptional activation. Furthermore, several silencer element were identified further upstream of the 215 bp promoter and the octamer binding factor Oct-1 was found to bind one of these fragments. If Oct-1 is responsible for the inhibition of the transcription of the TPP II gene remains to be investigated. In addition, the substrate specificity was investigated. For this purpose an expression system using Pichia pastoris was developed. The purified recombinant TPP II was found to have the same enzymatic properties as the native enzyme. In order to identify the amino acids involved in the binding of the N-terminus of the substrate, wild-type murine TPP II and four mutants E305Q, E305K, E331Q and E331K were purified. Steady-state kinetic analysis clearly demonstrated that both Glu-305 and Glu-331 are important for this binding as the K_M^app is more than 10² higher for the mutants than wild-type. Finally, the pH-dependence for cleavage of two chromogenic substrates was compared for TPP II from different species.

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17

Lavallée, François. "Chromatin structure of the atrial natriuretic factor gene." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60460.

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Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a 28 amino acid hormone which is secreted by the heart and which appears to a play a role in blood pressure regulation and blood volume homeostasis. The role of ANF in the control of blood pressure prompted several investigations in relation with the regulation of its gene expression. The work presented in this thesis describes the putative localization of some regulatory elements of the rat ANF gene. These elements were investigated by chromation hypersensitivity and methylation studies of the promoter region spanning the first 3.5 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site.
Preliminary data suggested that there might be DNAse hypersensitive site(s) at two positions ($-$2.5 kb and $-$0.5 kb) in the promoter. These positions are consistent with other experiments performed in our laboratory.
Digestion with several methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases suggested some tissue-specific differences in the methylation status of HpaII, SaII, SnaBI and HhaI restriction sites in the ANF gene when comparing expressing and non-expressing tissues.
Taken together, the hypersensitivity and methylation studies have identified sequences in the 5$ sp prime$ region of the rat ANF gene as being putative target for regulatory proteins.

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18

Chin, See Loong. "Incomplete gene structure prediction with almost 100% specificity." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/258.

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The goals of gene prediction using computational approaches are to determine gene location and the corresponding functionality of the coding region. A subset of gene prediction is the gene structure prediction problem, which is to define the exon-intron boundaries of a gene. Gene prediction follows two general approaches: statistical patterns identification and sequence similarity comparison. Similarity based approaches have gained increasing popularity with the recent vast increase in genomic data in GenBank. The proposed gene prediction algorithm is a similarity based algorithm which capitalizes on the fact that similar sequences bear similar functions. The proposed algorithm, like most other similarity based algorithms, is based on dynamic programming. Given a genomic DNA, X = x1 xn and a closely related cDNA, Y = y1 yn, these sequences are aligned with matching pairs stored in a data set. These indexes of matching sets contain a large jumble of all matching pairs, with a lot of cross over indexes. Dynamic programming alignment is again used to retrieve the longest common non-crossing subsequence from the collection of matching fragments in the data set. This algorithm was implemented in Java on the Unix platform. Statistical comparisons were made against other software programs in the field. Statistical evaluation at both the DNA and exonic level were made against Est2genome, Sim4, Spidey, and Fgenesh-C. The proposed gene structure prediction algorithm, by far, has the best performance in the specificity category. The resulting specificity was greater than 98%. The proposed algorithm also has on par results in terms of sensitivity and correlation coeffcient. The goal of developing an algorithm to predict exonic regions with a very high level of correctness was achieved.

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19

Ma, Dongping. "Structure and function of the mouse ATBF1 gene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20837.pdf.

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20

Beckham, Yvonne Marie. "The genomic structure of the zebrafish wnt8b gene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32468.pdf.

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21

Lindås, Ann-Christin. "Tripeptidyl-peptidase II : structure, function and gene regulation /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7345.

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22

Åstrand, Carolina. "Chromatin structure and histone modifications in gene regulation /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-989-0/.

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23

Kuo, Chien-Wen Sharon. "The genomic structure of the CYP4 gene family." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310930.

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24

Last, David Ian. "Structure and expression of the pea plastocyanin gene." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256631.

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25

Bringloe, David Hans. "Structure and expression of a wheat ferredoxin gene." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386968.

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26

Dytrych, Lee Michael. "Structure and expression of the murine periaxin gene." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29742.

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The structure of the mouse periaxin gene (prx) has been determined. This was in order to facilitate further studies on the molecular genetics of periaxin expression and function. Analysis of the structure and expression of the mouse periaxin gene has revealed that the gene encodes two polypeptides and the mechanism by which these two proteins are encoded has been established. Furthermore, the localization of these two proteins has been shown to differ in myelinating Schwann cells. A mouse genomic library constructed in the bacteriophage replacement vector Lambda Dash II was screened by plaque in situ hybridization using a full length rat periaxin cDNA as probe. Clones covering the entire length of the gene were isolated and fully characterized. The murine periaxin gene spans 20.6 kb, includes seven exons and encodes two mRNAs of 4.6 and 5.2 kb. The largest of these exons is 4 kb in length and encodes 90% of the protein coding sequence and all of the 3' untranslated region. Sequence analysis of the gene's core promoter identified several interesting features. A TATA-box motif is absent; hence the murine periaxin gene promoter belongs to the TATA-less family. Direct comparison with the promoters of myelin genes expressed in Schwann cells detected several common motifs, the most important of which is known to bind the transcription factor SCIP/Oct-6. This factor has been shown to have a vital role in the regulation of myelination by Schwann cells. Such features underline the potential importance of periaxin in the myelination process. The 4.6 kb mRNA includes all seven exons and encodes the previously described protein of 147 kDa (now termed L-periaxin). The 5.2 kb mRNA, in addition to the seven exons, also includes an intron comprising 600 bases located between exon 6 and 7. The differential localization of L-periaxin and S-periaxin indicates that they serve distinct functions in the myelinating Schwann cell.

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27

Yamato, Katsuyuki. "Structure and Gene Expression of Rice Mitochondrial Genome." Kyoto University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78042.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第5431号
農博第762号
新制||農||649(附属図書館)
学位論文||H5||N2565(農学部図書室)
UT51-93-F188
京都大学大学院農学研究科農芸化学専攻
(主査)教授大山莞爾, 教授山田康之, 教授常脇恒一郎
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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28

Connelly, John Charles. "Gene distribution and telomere structure in Aspergillus nidulans." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47818.

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29

ÓMáille, Paul E. "Combinatorial protein engineering by structure-based gene shuffling /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486572165277805.

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30

Graham, Roger Walter. "Ubiquitin gene structure and expression in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30584.

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Ubiquitin is a multifunctional 76 amino acid protein which plays critical roles in many aspects of cellular metabolism. Ubiquitin protein structure and gene structure are highly conserved among eukaryotes. In C. elegans the major source of ubiquitin RNA was shown to be the polyubiquitin locus, UbiA. UbiA was shown to be transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA which contained eleven tandem repeats of ubiquitin sequence and possessed a two amino acid carboxy terminal extension on the final repeat. Mature UbiA mRNA was demonstrated to acquire a 22 nucleotide leader sequence via a trans splicing reaction involving a 100 nucleotide splice leader RNA derived from a different chromosome. UbiA was also shown to be unique among known polyubiquitin genes in containing four cis spliced introns within its coding sequence. Thus UbiA was shown to be one of a small class of genes found in higher eukaryotes whose hnRNA undergoes both cis and trans splicing. The expression of the UbiA gene was studied under various heat shock conditions, and was monitored during larval molting and throughout the major stages of development. These studies indicated that the expression of the UbiA gene was not inducible by acute or chronic heat shock, and did not appear to be under nutritional or developmental regulation. A second ubiquitin gene, UbiB, was cloned from C. elegans and a related nematode species C. briggsae. This gene was comprised of (at least) one ubiquitin unit followed by a basic 52 amino acid tail sequence.
Medicine, Faculty of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of
Graduate

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31

Dey, Bhakta Ranjan. "Transforming growth factor-β3 gene structure and evolution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13639.

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional regulator of cellular proliferation and differentiation. It has been suggested that members of the TGF-β gene family also control differentiation and morphogenesis in embryonic developments. Since the chicken embryogenesis has been so extensively studied, we chose to clone the chicken TGF-β3 gene to facilitate a more detailed analysis of the developmental role of TGF-βs. We have cloned and characterised the chicken TGF-β3 gene and its flanking regions from a White Leghorn chicken genomic library packaged into λEMBL3 using chicken TGF-β3 exon specific oligonucleotide probes. We have determined the gene structure from overlapping genomic clones. The chicken TGF-β3gene contains 7 exons and 6 introns, spanning 15.6kb of genomic DNA. The intron/exon organisation was initially characterised on the basis of Southern blot analysis using exon specific oligonucleotide probe(s) and subsequently confirmed by DNA sequencing. We have also characterised the chicken TGF-β3 promoter. The promoter is very GC-rich and lies within an extensive CpG island of approximately 2400 nucleotides. The 5'-untranslated region is 467 bp, in length shorter than that found in the human TGF-β3 gene (1356 bp). A comparison of the 5'-flanking regions from the chicken and human TGF-β3 genes revealed two regions of sequence homology: an 86 bp sequence surrounding the transcription start and a 156 bp sequence in the 5'-untranslatedregion. The conserved region near the transcription start contains short sequences that resemble TATA box, cAMP responsive element (CRE), and AP-2 consensus motifs. These are cis acting sequences we believe may be important for promoter activity. The conserved region in the 5'-untranslated region is also present in chicken, mouse, porcine and human TGF-β3genes and may have a regulatory role. The chicken TGF-β3 promoter has no sequence homology with either TGD-β2 promoters. We do, however, find some striking similarities between TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 promoters, including the conserved regulatory sequences of TATA box, CRE and AP-2 sequence motifs near the transcription initiation site. A computer assisted search of the chicken TGF-β3 gene nucleotide sequence identified several other potential binding sites for known regulatory proteins. Besides the above, these include the recognition sequences for the transcription factors TFIID, MyoDl, Spl, PEA3, Krox-24 and GRE. Further studies on TGF-β3 gene regulation should determine the significance of these regulatory protein binding sites. The 3'-untranslated region of the gene is approximately 956 bp in length. A sequence comparison of chicken TGF-β3 3' flanking sequence with the published cDNA sequences of mouse, porcine and human TGF-β3 reveals a highly conserved 84 bp segment around the polyadenylation signal.

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32

Tsuda, Hiroshi. "Structure and Promoter Analysis of Math3 Gene, a Mouse Homolog of Drosophila Proneural Gene atonal." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181692.

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33

Gremme, Gordon [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurtz. "Computational Gene Structure Prediction / Gordon Gremme. Betreuer: Stefan Kurtz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037199626/34.

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34

Wu, Ling Juan. "Structure and function of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIIE gene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386767.

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35

Rossiter, B. J. F. "Structure and mutation of the Chinese hamster HPRT gene." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378035.

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36

Hugnot, Jean-Philippe. "Structure et expression du gene de la dystrophine humaine." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077062.

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Le gene qui est altere dans les myopathies de duchenne et de becker code dans le muscle et le cerveau pour une proteine de 420 kda, la dystrophine, situee sous le sarcolemme. L'immunolocalisation d'une dystrophine amputee des domaines carboxy-terminaux, associee a l'examen des differentes deletions preservant la localisation sarcolemmique, nous a conduit a proposer l'hypothese de l'existence de multiples points d'ancrage a la membrane repartis le long de la proteine. La region du gene ou s'initie la transcription dans les tissus musculaires a ete etudiee au moyen de transfections transitoires dans differentes lignees. Des deletions successives d'un fragment de 850 bp doue d'une activite promotrice specifique des cellules musculaires differenciees, ont montre que celle-ci resulte de la presence d'elements de regulation positif et negatif dont certains, notamment une boite carg, exercent leur action principalement dans les cellules musculaires. Le gene est exprime dans les neurones a partir d'une autre region qui a ete isolee d'une banque genomique humaine. La sequence de cette region est exceptionnellement conservee entre les especes et se caracterise par la presence d'une sequence microsatellite (ca)#1#4 remarquablement polymorphe ainsi que par l'absence d'une boite tata consensus. Ceci pourrait etre a l'origine de l'heterogeneite des extremites 5 des arnm observee dans un echantillon de cortex cerebral humain. Divers fragments d'adn en amont de ces sites ne sont pas capables de diriger une transcription efficace d'un gene rapporteur ex vivo et dans des souris transgeniques. Dans les tissus non-musculaires un nouveau messager de 5 kb a ete detecte. Il possede un nouvel exon puis les exons codant pour les domaines iii et iv de la dystrophine. Une proteine de 70-75 kda codee par ce messager a ete detectee dans de nombreux tissus. Sa fonction est inconnue

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37

Irwin, David Michael. "The structure and evolution of the bovine prothrombin gene." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27322.

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The gene for bovine prothrombin is 15.6 Kbp in length which encodes a mRNA of 2025 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tail. The prothrombin gene is composed of 14 exons separated by 13 introns, all of which vary in size. The positions of the introns found within the prothrombin gene provides some insight into the evolution of prothrombin and provide evidence on the origin of introns. Within the activation peptide and leader sequence of precursor prothrombin, some of the introns appear to separate structural and functional protein domains. Introns are found to separate certain domains, including the pre-peptide, the propeptide and Gla region, and each of the kringles. This organization of exons may reflect the evolution of the prothrombin gene as the result of the fusion of exon(s) containing protein domains by exon shuffling. The activation peptide appears to be constructed from four domains: a pre-peptide, a pro-peptide and Gla region, and two kringles. On comparison of the exon organization of the serine protease domain of prothrombin and other serine protease genes, it was found that none of the introns of the prothrombin gene are shared with any of the other serine protease genes. This absence of shared introns is in contrast to the shared introns found for the shared domains of the activation peptide and leader. The positions of the introns of the serine protease domain of serine proteases genes does not appear to reflect the evolution of the serine protease from protein domains, but rather the result of intron insertion into the serine protease coding regions. Intron insertion would also explain the origin of the few introns of the activation peptide that do not appear to separate protein domains. In conclusion, the organization of the exons and introns of the gene for prothrombin reflect both the origin of introns by insertion events, and the use of introns in exon shuffling. The insertion of introns, and the subsequent possibility of exon shuffling appear to have been essential for the evolution of the multidomainal proteins, such as prothrombin, which are essential for vertebrate life.
Medicine, Faculty of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of
Graduate

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38

Winnett, Elaine. "Structure-function analysis of the WT1 tumor supressor gene product." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22827.

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The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, WT1, encodes a zinc finger protein thought to be involved in transcriptional regulation. It has been shown in a yeast two-hybrid system that wt1 can form homodimers. In this study, random mutations that abrogate this interaction in yeast were generated and characterized as a preliminary means of defining the amino acid residues required for wt1 homodimerization. Five types of mutations were identified: mutations that alter the 5$ prime$ Untranslated Region (UTR), and silent, frameshift, nonsense and missense mutations. Further examination of the position and effect of the frameshift, nonsense and missense mutations suggested the amino terminus, specifically exons 1 and 2, as the region of the protein required for homodimerization. It is hoped that a better understanding of the wt1-wt1 interaction may shed light on the role of this protein in normal kidney development and tumorigenesis.

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39

Hussain, Sofia. "Concerted evolution in SM50, a gene with unusual repeat structure." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001401.

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40

Sandberg, Martin. "Mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase : studies on gene structure and expression /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5747-5.pdf.

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41

Bhavsar, Pankaj. "Structure and expression of the human cardiac troponin I gene." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281756.

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42

Hsu, Li-Wei. "Structure and expression of murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334839.

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43

Shelley, C. S. "The structure and function of the human apolipoprotein-AII gene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375311.

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44

Jones, David Owen. "The structure and function of the murine chromobox gene HP1γ." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620994.

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45

Ali, Simak. "Structure and expression of the gene encoding ovine β-lactoglobulin." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11076.

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46

Fitch, Ian T. "Structure and expression of the yeast heat-shock gene HSP26." Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328361.

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47

O'Connor, Helen Elizabeth. "Structure and function of the PSBH gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307434.

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48

Yazdanbakhsh, Karina. "Structure and regulation of the human neurofilament light chain gene." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375926.

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49

Peshavaria, Mina. "Structure and regulation of the human muscle-specific enolase gene." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295627.

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50

Gil, Grathwohl Karina. "Gene structure and expression patternof mouse Toll-like receptor 3." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gene structure in plasmodia'

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