Relevant bibliographies by topics / General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) - Congresses

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Academic literature on the topic 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) - Congresses'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) - Congresses"

1

Maruyama, Warren H. "Can the Appellate Body Be Saved?" Journal of World Trade 55, Issue 2 (2021): 197–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2021008.

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The ‘Walker Paper’ represents a commendable effort to find middle-ground on the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body, but does not address the US concerns about the Appellate Body’s overreaching in antidumping, countervailing duty, and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XIX ‘escape clause’ disputes, and instead seizes on a series of half-hearted fixes to the long list of concerns in US Trade Representative’s (USTR’s) ‘Report on the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization’. US concerns about overreaching date back to the Bush 43 and Obama Administrations and a
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Moore, Patrick M. "The Decisions Bridging the GATT 1947 and the WTO Agreement." American Journal of International Law 90, no. 2 (1996): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203695.

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On September 20, 1986, the contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1947 (GATT 1947) agreed to launch an eighth round of multilateral trade negotiations known as the Uruguay Round. More than seven years later they concluded the round, not with an amended version of the GATT 1947, but with an entirely new treaty, the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization.
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Voon, Tania. "The Security Exception In WTO Law: Entering a New Era." AJIL Unbound 113 (2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2019.3.

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For seventy years, the security exception in the multilateral trade regime has mostly lain dormant. The exception first appeared in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947 (GATT 1947), before being incorporated in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994) upon the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). However, security exceptions also exist in several other WTO provisions, including the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Until recently, perhaps through a combinatio
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Gagliani, Gabriele. "Intellectual Property-Related Local Content Requirements in International Trade Law: An Evolving Concept Amid Persisting Questions." Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 4 (2021): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021016.

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Despite the challenges they pose under international trade law, recent discussions and cases at the World Trade Organization (WTO) demonstrate that local content requirements (LCRs) have enjoyed continued success among both developed and developing countries. This article focuses on a specific type of LCRs, intellectual property-related LCRs (IP-related LCRs). The article argues that the concept and related regulation of LCRs concerning IP rights have undergone a remarkable evolution under international trade law. The notion and regulation of IP-related LCRs, in particular, have changed from t
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Mollaian, Saba L. "Does Trade Equal Peace? The Role of the WTO in International Peace." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 46, Issue 1 (2019): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2019005.

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This article contends that the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) plays a vital role in the maintenance of international peace through continued international trade. In exploring this argument, the article looks to the history of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (‘GATT 1947’) and the WTO. After doing so, the article analyses the other side of the coin: when trade is weaponized through the use of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (‘GATT 1994’) security exception Article XXI. Lastly, the article discusses the effectiveness of trade sanctions and whether the security exception is
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Cameron, James, and Kevin R. Gray. "Principles of International Law in The WTO Dispute Settlement Body." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, no. 2 (2001): 248–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/50.2.248.

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Unlike the original 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and trade (GATT), the 1994 Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO Agreement)1 covers a much wider range of trade. It extends beyond goods and now embraces services, intellectual property, procurement, investment and agriculture. Moreover, the new trade regime is no longer a collection of ad hoc agreements, Panel reports and understandings of the parties. All trade obligations are subsumed under the umbrella of the WTO, of which all parties are members. Member States have to accept the obligations contained in all the WTO c
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Heliskoski, Joni. "Joint Competence of the European Community and its Member States and the Dispute Settlement Practice of the World Trade Organization." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802815743.

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One of the principal achievements of the 1994 Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization was the new mechanism for dispute settlement, embodied in the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. While its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1947 (and the 1979 Agreements resulting from the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations) had already evolved, to a considerable degree, from a negotiating forum for the conduct of world trade diplomacy to a “judicial” system properly so called, the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding n
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Heliskoski, Joni. "Joint Competence of the European Community and its Member States and the Dispute Settlement Practice of the World Trade Organization." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003311.

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One of the principal achievements of the 1994 Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization was the new mechanism for dispute settlement, embodied in the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. While its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1947 (and the 1979 Agreements resulting from the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations) had already evolved, to a considerable degree, from a negotiating forum for the conduct of world trade diplomacy to a “judicial” system properly so called, the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding n
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Mitchell, AndrewD, and Tania Voon. "Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO: Procedures and Practices. By Anwarul Hoda. [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001, 137, (Appendices) 136 and (Index) 36 pp. Hardback £45.00 net. ISBN 0–521–80449–3.]." Cambridge Law Journal 61, no. 2 (2002): 463–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197302501690.

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Oneof the most important achievements of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) to date has been a substantial reduction in the level of tariffs applied in international trade. The average tariff on industrial products has diminished from more than 40 per cent. in 1947 to less than 5 per cent. today. As a result of this success, multilateral negotiations within the WTO have begun to place more emphasis on non-tariff barriers. Nevertheless, tariffs remain an important issue. Many OECD countries, for example, continue to impose high tariffs on ag
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Voon, Tania. "Flexibilities in WTO Law to Support Tobacco Control Regulation." American Journal of Law & Medicine 39, no. 2-3 (2013): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881303900201.

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Cases concerning the regulation of tobacco have long existed within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947 (GATT 1947), although often these cases have not centered on the detrimental health impact of tobacco products. With the 2012 circulation of the Report of the WTO Appellate Body in U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, the potential friction between international trade law and tobacco regulation in the context of public health has come to the fore. In that Report, the Appellate Body found in part against the United States’ flavored cigaret
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) - Congresses"

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Urapeepatanapong, Kitipong. "Legal aspects of countertrade under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the national laws of Canada and Thailand." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26147.

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Countertrade is no longer a new term in international trade. Countertrade will continue to grow in the next decade despite opposition from various developed countries. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to develop a generally acceptable definition of countertrade and a classification of its forms. More importantly, the study of the legal implications of countertrade under GATT and national laws of countries involved in countertrade is still limited. This thesis is a first step to explore the definition and forms of countertrade, as well as its national and international legal implic
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Greyling, Minette Ilse. "The World Trade Organisation : international trade, dispute settlement & the environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53695.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The norms governing international trade on the one hand, and sustainable development on the other, have both different origins and objectives. This is the central problem that will be addressed in this research assignment, by analysing the structure, functioning and future of the World Trade Organisation Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). Though there has been a significant shift from politics to legality, the dispute settlement system is still far from perfect. When looking at recent environmental trade disputes, the stre
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Volz, Eckehard. "The trade, development and cooperation agreement between the Republic of South Africa and the European Union : an analysis with special regard to the negotiating process, the contents of the agreement, the applicability of WTO law and the Port and Sherry Agreement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52582.

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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 1999.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) between the European Union and the Republic of South Africa, which was concluded in October 1999. In particular, the agreement is analysed in the light of the negotiating process between the parties, the contents of the agreement, the applicability of WTO law and the compatibility of the agreement with it and the Port and Sherry Agreement. Since the EU emphasised its aim to commence economic and development cooperation with other African, C
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Schmit, Jongbloed Wouter Pieter Frans. "The Multilateral Standard of Review: Export Restrictions, GATT Exceptions and Exemptions." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CC2H40.

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This dissertation argues for the adoption of a new interpretative standard that urges the WTO adjudicator to explicitly take account of the economic heterogeneity of the WTO Membership when construing exemption provisions in the GATT 1994. In particular, the judicial decision maker should construe and interpret exemption provisions using the embedded standard of review, such that the Member States’ economic conditions enlighten the contextual interpretation of the language of the provision. This multilateral standard of review compels the adjudicator to accord conditional deference to developm
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Books on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) - Congresses"

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization), ed. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: 40th anniversary Ministerial Round-Table Discussion, 30 November 1987, Geneva. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1988.

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Peter, Bruns Klaus, and Agrarsoziale Gesellschaft Herbsttagung, eds. GAP, GATT und die Folgen. Agrarsoziale Gesellschaft, 1993.

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1953-, Dearden Richard G., Steger Debra P. 1952-, Hart Michael 1944-, Centre for Trade Policy and Law., and Institute for Research on Public Policy., eds. Living with free trade: Canada, the Free Trade Agreement and the GATT. Institute for Research on Public Policy = Institut de recherches politiques, 1989.

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Tʻae-ho, Pak. Uruguay round: Unresolved issues and prospects : seminar proceedings. Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 1991.

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Colloque, GRECO CNRS EFIQ (Group). Conflits et négociations dans le commerce international: L'Uruguay Round : IVe Colloque du GRECO CNRS EFIQ. Economica, 1989.

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Pakistan Institute of Development Economics., ed. [PIDE/ESCAP/UNDP National Seminar on Networking of Trade-related Research Institutions in Asia-Pacific]. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 1995.

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(1987-1994), Uruguay Round. Uruguay Round: Papers on selected issues. United Nations, 1989.

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(1987-1994), Uruguay Round. Uruguay Round: Further papers on selected issues. United Nations, 1990.

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9

Hopkinson, Nicholas. Trading blocs and the future GATT agenda. HMSO, 1993.

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Seminario Impactos de las Políticas Agrícolas de los Países de la OECD sobre el Medio Ambiente (1991 Buenos Aires, Argentina). Impactos de las políticas agrícolas de los países de la OECD sobre el medio ambiente: Memorias del seminario : Buenos Aires, 2-3 de diciembre de 1991. IICA, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) - Congresses"

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Stiglitz, Joseph E., and Andrew Charlton. "The Need for a Development Round." In Fair Trade For All. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195328790.003.0003.

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Abstract The current multilateral trade liberalization round, the Doha Round, is the ninth in a series of such negotiations which began in Geneva in 1947. The first eight of these were conducted under the auspices of the WTO’s predecessor, the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), which was established on a provisional basis after the Second World War as a draft charter for the proposed International Trade Organization (ITO). The ITO was stillborn­ it was never ratified by the US Congress and other national legislatures-but the GATT continued to govern international trade in the form
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Rivera-Batiz, Luis A., and Maria-A. Oliva. "The Economics of the WTO." In International Trade. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198297116.003.0018.

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Abstract In 1947, twenty-three countries formed the first multilateral organization ever devoted to set principles for international trade and coordinate trade opening among members. Ironically, the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) resulted from the failed efforts to create a fully-fledged trade agency, the International Trade Organization (ITO), which was not approved by the US Congress. As a result, the GATT was born to play dual roles as a trade agreement and as a proxy institution for the ITO, which was never created. The GATT was envisioned as a provisional ad
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"GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT 1947)." In The Legal Texts. Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511818424.007.

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"General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1947/1994 (extracts)." In Documents in International Environmental Law. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139171380.058.

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Sieber-Gasser, Charlotte. "Multilateral Rules on Trade in Goods." In The International Law of Economic Integration. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192871626.003.0016.

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Abstract This chapter introduces the role of tariffs in the emergence of international economic law and shows how the economic and political significance of tariffs has changed over time. It discusses the negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947, the quasi-constitutional basis for multilateral rules on tariff barriers in trade in goods, and provides an overview over the impact of GATT Article I (the most-favoured-nation principle) on the structure of the global market today. Of particular interest is the evolution of the likeness principle in the context of most-fa
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"The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Geneva – 30 October 1947." In Basic Documents on International Trade Law, edited by Chia-Jui Cheng. Brill | Nijhoff, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004640429_038.

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McMillan, John. "Negotiating International Trade Agreements." In Games Strategies And Managers. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074307.003.0007.

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Abstract WHILE THE players in the games so far considered have been people or firms, games are also played among nations. This chapter will discuss international trade negotiations. Business negotiations are usually conducted behind closed doors; it is difficult for outside analysts to get detailed information about how they proceeded. When governments negotiate, by contrast, the news media pay close attention. Trade negotiations among nations therefore provide a useful case study illustrating the bargaining theory of Chapters 5 and 6. Nations regularly negotiate agreements on the rules govern
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Scanlan, Melissa K. "Trade." In Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0013.

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This chapter recounts international leaders that emphasized trade as a way to build prosperity and promote peaceful relations during post–World War II. It mentions that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has established the framework for trading goods since 1947. It also details how international trade brings greater variety of markets, lower prices, and opportunities for both importing and exporting countries, and global relationships between producers and consumers. The chapter refers to international trade agreements that were not primarily concerned with protecting the environment
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Trommer, Silke. "5. Global Trade." In Global Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780192847553.003.0005.

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Across history, all successful human civilisations have engaged in one form of cross-cultural trade or another. Following decades of contested but successful trade multilateralism under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in 1947 and the World Trade Organization (WTO) established in 1995, hybrid governance structures characterize the global trade system of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. In this system, multilateral, regional and bilateral institutions provide overlapping and separate rules and regulations for the conduct of global trade. Meanwhile, global trade is widel
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Lwasawa, Yuji. "Constitutional Problems Involved In Implementing The Uruguary Round In Japan." In Implementing the Uruguay Round. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198262367.003.0005.

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Abstract The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations were concluded in 1993 after more than seven years of intensive discussion. It was a bold Round; the topics for negotiations included new areas which had not been dealt with by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947-services, Trade-Related Intellectual Property, and Trade-Related Investment Measures-and the areas which had given exceptional treatment under GATT 1947-agriculture and textiles. The number of participating countries in the Round was far greater than that for the Tokyo Round. The organizational structure of the
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