Relevant bibliographies by topics / General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) – European Union countries

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) – European Union countries"

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Yemmen, Jihene, and Mohamed Miras Marzouki. "The Challenges of Free Trade with the European Union for Tunisia." Journal of International Cooperation and Development 7, no. 1 (2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2024-0002.

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International economic integration is a complex process of cooperation and diffusion between the national economies of different countries, aimed at creating a unified economic entity. Like many developing countries, Tunisia has adopted unprecedented reforms to facilitate the integration of its economy into the world market. From 1986 to 1995, numerous economic measures involving trade liberalization were undertaken. Tunisia adopted the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), it joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994. In 1995 the A
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Cunha, Raphael, Norma Breda dos Santos, and Rogério de Souza Farias. "Generalized System of Preferences in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization: History and Current Issues." Journal of World Trade 39, Issue 4 (2005): 637–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2005039.

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The present study investigates the history of the General System of Preferences within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) systems with a particular view to define how developed and developing countries adapted their market policies to the demands of the multilateral trading system (MTS). It analyses the role of the most-favoured-nation (MFN) clause and its consequences to developing countries’ interests, within its parameters of differential market access. The study tries to explain the treatment of preferences in an objective light, presenting
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Kazan-Allen, Laurie. "Asbestos Poisons World Trade Organization Atmosphere." International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 3 (2001): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/r5wm-q78p-e5xq-34e8.

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In September 2000, a World Trade Organization (WTO) panel published its findings in the dispute between Canada and the European Union/France over France's ban on the import and use of chrysotile (white asbestos). The panel upheld the French ban, established that the use of chrysotile is a health risk and the idea of “controlled use” a fallacy, and used (for the first time) an exception clause in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that permits trade-restrictive measures to protect human life or health. At the same time, the panel concluded that the French ban violated international trad
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Arora, Rahul, Sarbjit Singh, and Somesh K. Mathur. "Assessment of the Proposed India-China Free Trade Agreement: A General Equilibrium Approach." Journal of Centrum Cathedra: The Business and Economics Research Journal 8, no. 2 (2015): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcc-08-02-2015-b002.

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Purpose The present study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the proposed India-China free trade agreement (FTA) in goods trade on both countries under a static general equilibrium framework. Design/Methodology/Approach The study has utilized the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model of world trade with the presence of skilled and unskilled unemployment in the world. For analysis purposes, 57 GTAP sectors, representing the whole regional economy, have been aggregated into 43 sectors and 140 GTAP regions, representing the whole world, have been aggregated into 19 regions. The study ha
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Dawar, Kamala. "The 2016 European Union International Procurement Instrument’s Amendments to the 2012 Buy European Proposal: A Retrospective Assessment of Its Prospects." Journal of World Trade 50, Issue 5 (2016): 845–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2016034.

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This article assesses the European Commission’s 2016 Amended Proposal for ‘a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the access of third-country goods and services to the Union’s internal market in public procurement and procedures supporting negotiations on access of Union goods and services to the public procurement markets of third countries’.1 The proposed regulation aims to improve the conditions under which European Union (EU) businesses can compete for public contracts abroad. It provides the EU with leverage through imposing a price penalty on any tender for an EU p
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Irfan ul Haque, Irfan ul Haque. "The Rise of Bilateralism in Trade and its Implications for Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 14, Special Edition (2009): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2009.v14.isp.a6.

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This paper examines and critiques the worldwide mushrooming of preferential trading arrangements and traces its implications for Pakistan. It points out that this development is fundamentally contrary to the principle of most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment, which was the cornerstone of the post-war multilateral trading system as embodied in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The causes of the rise in bilateral and regional trading arrangements are discussed and it is shown that they pose a real threat to many relatively small economies,
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Zhao, Haoyu. "Implementation of the EU's CBAM under the WTO Rules: Process, Relations, Responses." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 27, no. 1 (2023): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/27/20231228.

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The European Union (EU), a global leader in carbon reduction measures, formally adopted its proposed Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in April 2023. However, it may not comply with existing WTO rules due to its design flaw. Thus, it may be viewed as a new trade barrier, which may result serious legal issues and trade disputes regarding the compatibility of CBAM with the trade rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) under the World Trade Organization (WTO). In practice, however, the adoption and implement of CBAM has not been prevented by these conflicts. Therefore,
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Nikitin, Alexey. "European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in light of the law of the World Trade Organization." Meždunarodnoe pravosudie 14, no. 1 (2024): 136–54. https://doi.org/10.21128/2226-2059-2024-1-136-154.

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The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism established by the European Union in 2023 aims to equalize the burden of climate change mitigation measures taken by importers and domestic producers. Mechanism’s designers are confident that it will succeed without breaking the law of the World Trade Organization. The article shows that the overall design of the Mechanism does indeed fall under the article XX(g) exception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, allowing for trade measures to conserve an exhaustible natural resource. In this connection, the article argues for viewing carbon budget
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Kim, Jin Woo. "Lack of Certification of the WTO Goods Schedules of the United Kingdom: A Way for Frictionless Trade Under No-Deal Brexit?" Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 6 (2019): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019030.

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The United Kingdom (‘UK’), as a Member State of the European Union (‘EU’), does not have its own schedule of concessions under the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) – for now – because the EU, as a single customs union, has consolidated schedules for goods and services. The UK is currently negotiating its schedules with other WTO Members, but time is running short ahead of the UK’s scheduled exit from the EU on 31 October 2019 (‘Brexit Date’). If the UK fails to certify its schedules before the Brexit Date, the question becomes whether the UK could unilaterally establish its new schedules and c
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Lekarenko, O. G. "U.S. approaches to economic development of Western Europe in the 1940s–1950s." Lomonosov World Politics Journal 17, no. 1 (2025): 54–88. https://doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-1-54-88.

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During World War II, the United States gained superpower status, which implied the active participation of American diplomacy in the establishment of the post-war world order. In this context, one of the cornerstones of U.S. foreign policy was the strengthening of relations with the countries of Western Europe, which found themselves on the front lines of the nascent Soviet-American confrontation. This article attempts to place the evolution of American approaches to the economic development of Western Europe in the 1940s–1950s into a broader context of the U.S. plans to build a global liberal
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) – European Union countries"

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Poulet, Julie. "Direct effect of the law of the GATT in the European Union, the United States and the consequences for the WTO." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78227.

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This aim of this thesis will be to first address the issue of the direct applicability of the GATT within the national framework, mainly through the use of an analysis of the considerations that such a denial of the direct effect of the GATT is based upon, to understand if there are real obstacles to its implementation, before examining the harmful effects this of denial. The analysis will focus on the situation in both the European Union and the United States, these two countries being two of the most important trade partners in the WTO, before suggesting various solutions that could b
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Volz, Eckehard. "The trade, development and cooperation agreement between the Republic of South Africa and the European Union : an analysis with special regard to the negotiating process, the contents of the agreement, the applicability of WTO law and the Port and Sherry Agreement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52582.

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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 1999.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) between the European Union and the Republic of South Africa, which was concluded in October 1999. In particular, the agreement is analysed in the light of the negotiating process between the parties, the contents of the agreement, the applicability of WTO law and the compatibility of the agreement with it and the Port and Sherry Agreement. Since the EU emphasised its aim to commence economic and development cooperation with other African, C
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Belebema, Michael Nguatem. "The incorporation of competition policy in the New Economic Partnership Agreement and its impact on regional integration in the Central African sub-region (CEMAC)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9186_1307086015.

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<p>The Central African Monetary and Economic Community, known by its French acronym CEMAC (Communaut&eacute<br>Economique et Mon&eacute<br>taire de l&rsquo<br>Afrique Centrale), is one of the oldest regional economic blocs in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of states. Its membership comprises of Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. It has a population of over 32 million inhabitants in a three million (3 million) square kilometre expanse of land. The changes in the world economy, and especially between the ACP countrie
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DE, BIEVRE Dirk. "The WTO and Domestic Coalitions: The effects of negotiations and enforcement in the European Union." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5163.

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Defence date: 27 May 2002<br>Examining Board: Daniel Verdier (Supervisor; European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole) Adrienne Héritier (Co-supervisor; Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Bonn) Petros Mavroidis (Université de Neuchâtel) Patrick Messerlin (Institut d’Etudes Politiques, Paris)<br>First made available online in June 2012.<br>In this PhD dissertation I explain how different forms of international trade institutions affect domestic coalition patterns. Negotiated trade policy instruments create incentives for sector-wide interest representation, while administrative instruments
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ALKEMA, Ynze. "Regionalism in a multilateral framework :the EEC, the United States and the GATT confronting trade policies, 1957-1962." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5819.

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Defence date: 7 March 1997<br>Examining board: Prof. Richard T. Griffiths, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden (supervisor) ; Prof. Alan S. Milward, EUI ; Prof. Jaime Reis, EUI ; Prof. Federico Romero, Università di Bologna ; Prof. Klaus Schwabe, RWTH Aachen<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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KUILWIJK, Kees Jan. "The European Court of Justice and the GATT dilemma : public interest versus individual rights?" Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4682.

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Books on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) – European Union countries"

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Simmonds, K. R. The European Community, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Oceana Publications, 1991.

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Valladão, Alfredo G. A. The costs of opting out: The EU-Mercosur Agreement and the Free Trade Area of the Americas : three computable general equilibrium models. Chaire Mercosur de Sciences po, 2003.

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Skandamēs, Nikos. Epharmoges diethnous kai Eurōpaikou dikaiou. Ekdoseis Ant. N. Sakkoula, 2003.

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Arnaud, Vicente Guillermo. MERCOSUR: Unión Europea, NAFTA y los procesos de integración regional. Abeledo Perrot, 1996.

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Arnaud, Vicente Guillermo. MERCOSUR: Unión Europea, NAFTA y los procesos de integración regional. 2nd ed. Abeledo Perrot, 1999.

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Yenkong, Ngangjoh-Hodu, and Matambalya, Francis A. S. T., eds. Trade relations between the EU and Africa: Development, challenges and options beyond the Cotonou Agreement. Routledge, 2009.

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Yenkong, Ngangjoh-Hodu, and Matambalya, Francis A. S. T., eds. Trade relations between the EU and Africa: Development, challenges and options beyond the Cotonou Agreement. Routledge, 2010.

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1958-, Weidmann Klaus, and Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung, eds. EC agricultural policy and development cooperation: Reports held at the international conferences of the Friedrich-Naumann-Foundation in Brussels, 3rd-11th March 1990. Nomos, 1992.

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1946-, Young Brigitte, ed. Die politische Ökonomie des Dienstleistungsabkommens (GATS): Gender in EU und China. Nomos, 2007.

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Office, General Accounting. International trade: Long-term viability of U.S.-European Union aircraft agreement uncertain : report to the Honorable Richard Gephardt, Majority Leader, House of Representatives. The Office, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) – European Union countries"

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Murphy, James P., and Carolan McLarney. "Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System." In Geopolitics and Strategic Management in the Global Economy. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2673-5.ch001.

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Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System: The Role of Regional Trade Agreements is a discussion about the new reality and the evolution of the reduction of international barriers to freer trade under the World Trade Organization (WTO) formerly the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). The chapter devotes time to the two largest regional trade agreements (RTAs), the European Union (EU) with 28 countries and North American Trading Agreement (NAFTA) with three countries account for half of all world trade (WTO, 2017a). The US set a course post World War II as the proponent of glob
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Lenaerts, Koen, Piet Van Nuffel, and Tim Corthaut. "International Law." In EU Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851592.003.0026.

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This chapter addresses the relationship between the European Union and international law. Article 218 TFEU lays down the procedure by which the Union concludes agreements with third countries or international organizations. Agreements concluded by the Union are binding on the Union institutions and on Member States (Article 216(2) TFEU). The provisions of such agreements form an integral part of the Union legal order from the moment they enter into force. This is in accordance with the 'monist' approach: agreements concluded by the Union form part of the Union legal order without there being a
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Oermann, Nils Ole, and Hans-Jürgen Wolff. "Trade wars, economic warfare, and the law." In Trade Wars. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848901.003.0005.

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Abstract The chapter describes the rules in force of international law concerning sanctions, trade war, and economic warfare as practised until 1945. It deals with the UN Charter, the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions, the San Remo Manual on the Law for Armed Conflict at Sea, the judgement by the International Court of Justice with regard to US measures against Nicaragua, and the rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It explains the principles of most-favoured-nation and of national treatment and examines the state of th
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Cvijanović, Drago, and Branko Mihailović. "Effects of Globalization on Economies in Transition." In Global Perspectives on Trade Integration and Economies in Transition. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0451-1.ch002.

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The chapter covers ranges and effects of globalization on economies in transition, as well as possibilities and limits in raising their competitiveness. International business has increased its size in the 20th century, mostly owing to trade liberalization and investments and partly owing to a fact that doing the international businesses has generally become easier and simpler. With regard to liberalization, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has led to trade liberalization, and it was continued with establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995. At the same time, capital mobil
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Kaj, Hobér. "1 Introduction." In The Energy Charter Treaty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199660995.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides a background of the Energy Charter Treaty, which entered into force on April 16, 1998. The ECT is a unique international instrument which covers the promotion and protection of investments, trade in energy, transit in the energy sector, environmental aspects, as well as the settlement of disputes under the Treaty. It was negotiated and drafted under considerable time pressure by a large number of States and what is now the European Union. Nevertheless, the ECT was not negotiated and drafted in a legal vacuum. Other relevant international instruments were ther
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