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Gencer, Sinem, and Huseyin Akkus. "The topic-specific nature of experienced chemistry teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in the topics of interactions between chemical species and states of matter." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 22, no. 2 (2021): 498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00258e.
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This study aims to determine the topic-specific nature of two experienced chemistry teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in the topics of interactions between chemical species and states of matter. The teachers’ PCK on these topics was investigated in terms of the following components: orientations toward science teaching (OST), knowledge of curriculum (KoC), knowledge of instructional strategies (KoIS), knowledge of learner (KoL), and knowledge of assessment (KoA). Data for the study were collected over five months using multiple data collection tools, including semi-structured interviews, observations, card-sorting activity, and field notes. PCK is identified in the literature as a topic-specific knowledge. Similarly, chemistry teachers’ PCKs in this study were found to be topic-specific in the topics of interactions between chemical species and states of matter. However, it was seen that some dimensions of the PCK components were not topic-specific. The results indicated that one of the participants’ OST was topic-specific, while the other's was not topic-specific. Further, it was determined that the participants focused on abstract nature in the topic of interactions between chemical species, but they focused on daily life examples in the topic of states of matter. To overcome the students’ difficulties and misconceptions, the participants highlighted abstract nature in the topic of interactions between chemical species and familiar examples in the topic of states of matter. Their KoC differed in terms of relations with other disciplines and curriculum sequence across the topics. Lastly, it was found that the participants’ KoAs consisted of general pedagogical knowledge for both topics. In the light of the results of this study, implications are stated and suggestions on improving the understanding of the topic-specific nature of PCK are provided for in-service chemistry education, pre-service chemistry teacher education, and chemistry education researchers.
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Aydin, Sevgi, Patricia M. Friedrichsen, Yezdan Boz, and Deborah L. Hanuscin. "Examination of the topic-specific nature of pedagogical content knowledge in teaching electrochemical cells and nuclear reactions." Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 15, no. 4 (2014): 658–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4rp00105b.
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The purpose of this study was to examine experienced chemistry teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for two different topics in chemistry to better understand how PCK is specific to topic, including whether all components of PCK are topic-specific and to what degree. To explore the topic-specific nature of PCK, we examined two experienced teachers' PCK using a case study methodology. Multiple data collection strategies were used, including a card-sorting activity, Content Representation (CoRe), semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes. The data collected were analyzed both deductively and inductively. Results revealed that the teachers used more content-based and teacher-centered instruction to teach electrochemistry, whereas their instruction was less teacher-centered, and included Science–Technology–Society–Environment discussions and implicit NOS instruction to teach nuclear reactions. The teachers also varied in the extent of their knowledge of learners and curriculum in comparing their PCK for each topic. In regard to assessment, the teachers' assessment practices were at the general PK level; they lacked topic-specific PCK for either topic. We provided recommendations for professional development programs, pre-service teacher education programs, and curriculum developers to support teachers in developing topic-specific PCK.
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Marrone, Mauricio, Martina K. Linnenluecke, Grant Richardson, and Tom Smith. "Trends in environmental accounting research within and outside of the accounting discipline." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 8 (2020): 2167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2020-4457.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to track the emergence of topics and research trends in environmental accounting research by using a machine learning method for literature reviews. The article shows how the method can track the emergence of topics and research trends over time.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of the emergence of topics and shifts in research trends was based on a machine learning approach that allowed the authors to identify “topic bursts” in publication data. The data set of this study contained, 2,502 records published between 1972 and 2019, both within and outside of accounting journals. The data set was assembled through a systematic keyword search of the literature.FindingsFindings indicated that research studies within accounting journals have addressed sustainability concerns in a general fashion, with a recent focus on broad topics such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder theory. Research studies published outside of accounting journals have focussed on more specific topics (e.g. the shift to a low-carbon or circular economy, the attainment of the sustainable development goals [SDGs], etc.) and new methodologies (e.g. accounting for ecosystem services).Research limitations/implicationsThe method provides an approach for identifying “trending” topics within accounting and non-accounting journals and allows to identify topics and areas that could benefit from a greater exchange of ideas between accounting and non-accounting journals.Originality/valueThe authors provide a much needed review of research on the vitally important topic of environmental accounting not only in accounting journals but also in the broader research community.
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Champlin, Sara, Diana Stewart Hoover, and Michael Mackert. "Health Literacy in Adult Education Centers: Exploring Educator and Staff Needs." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 2 (2018): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918789690.
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Objective. Incorporating health content into adult education courses is promising for increasing health literacy skills among “hard-to-reach” populations. The purpose of this study was to gain previously untapped knowledge of adult education personnel (i.e., educators, staff) about the strategies and programs that would be beneficial for helping students learn about health. Method. Personnel ( N = 53) from three literacy coalitions completed an online survey that assessed interest and preferences for developing a health literacy curriculum. Results. Personnel indicated general concepts such as health services and insurance as those of greatest priority. Additionally, tools designed for general use (completion of forms) were favored. Personnel preferred programs that focused on general skills over those designed to address specific health topics, χ2(1) = 11.52, p = .001. Conclusions. Adult education personnel find greatest value in health literacy programs aimed at increasing general skills rather than disease-/topic-specific content. There were several mismatches in topics noted as a “priority” and those for which personnel felt comfortable teaching. A focus on fostering general health skills will help all students—not just those with specific health concerns such as diabetes and asthma. Teaching health literacy through general skill development could make health programs exciting, engaging, and accessible for students.
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Thompson, Denisse R., Sharon L. Senk, and Gwendolyn J. Johnson. "Opportunities to Learn Reasoning and Proof in High School Mathematics Textbooks." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 43, no. 3 (2012): 253–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.43.3.0253.
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This article addresses the nature and extent of reasoning and proof in the written (i.e., intended) curriculum of 20 contemporary high school mathematics textbooks. Both the narrative and exercise sets in lessons dealing with the topics of exponents, logarithms, and polynomials were examined. The extent of proof-related reasoning varied by topic and textbook. Overall, about 50% of the identified properties in the 3 topic areas were justified, with about 30% of the addressed properties justified with a general argument and about 20% justified with an argument about a specific case. However, less than 6% of the exercises in the homework sets involved proof-related reasoning, with developing an argument and investigating a conjecture as the most frequently occurring types of proof-related reasoning.
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Lüdering, Jochen, and Peter Winker. "Forward or Backward Looking? The Economic Discourse and the Observed Reality." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 236, no. 4 (2016): 483–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2015-1026.
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Abstract Is academic research anticipating economic shake-ups or merely reflecting the past? Exploiting the corpus of articles published in the Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik) for the years 1949 to 2010, this pilot study proposes a quantitative framework for addressing these questions. The framework comprises two steps. First, methods from computational linguistics are used to identify relevant topics and their relative importance over time. In particular, Latent Dirichlet Analysis is applied to the corpus after some preparatory work. Second, for some of the topics which are closely related to specific economic indicators, the developments of topic weights and indicator values are confronted in dynamic regression and VAR models. The results indicate that for some topics of interest, the discourse in the journal leads developments in the real economy, while for other topics it is the other way round.
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Kozbagarov, Olzhas, Rustam Mussabayev, and Nenad Mladenovic. "A New Sentence-Based Interpretative Topic Modeling and Automatic Topic Labeling." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (2021): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050837.
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This article presents a new conceptual approach for the interpretative topic modeling problem. It uses sentences as basic units of analysis, instead of words or n-grams, which are commonly used in the standard approaches.The proposed approach’s specifics are using sentence probability evaluations within the text corpus and clustering of sentence embeddings. The topic model estimates discrete distributions of sentence occurrences within topics and discrete distributions of topic occurrence within the text. Our approach provides the possibility of explicit interpretation of topics since sentences, unlike words, are more informative and have complete grammatical and semantic constructions inside. The method for automatic topic labeling is also provided. Contextual embeddings based on the BERT model are used to obtain corresponding sentence embeddings for their subsequent analysis. Moreover, our approach allows big data processing and shows the possibility of utilizing the combination of internal and external knowledge sources in the process of topic modeling. The internal knowledge source is represented by the text corpus itself and often it is a single knowledge source in the traditional topic modeling approaches. The external knowledge source is represented by the BERT, a machine learning model which was preliminarily trained on a huge amount of textual data and is used for generating the context-dependent sentence embeddings.
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Bucklin, Carrie Jo, and Kristy L. Daniel. "Using Word Associations as a Formative Assessment for Understanding Phylogenetics." American Biology Teacher 79, no. 8 (2017): 668–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2017.79.8.668.
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It is commonly said that perception is everything. Political candidates are judged by how the public understands their platforms; consumers make purchases based on how they view the products; and business executives make corporate decisions based on potential outcomes of business deals. Likewise, a person's preconception of a topic can change how they learn about and associate that knowledge. Topics with a shared vocabulary between science and common language, such as the terms used when teaching evolution and phylogenetic trees, are especially subject to misconceptions stemming from a lack of understanding how the terminology is used in science. One way to assess the preconceptions students have about specific topics is through using free association techniques. Free association word recall (word association) activities ask students to recall words and phrases associated with stimulus term. Educators can use student responses to learn how students understand and organize prior knowledge, and thus structure subsequent instruction activities to target the revealed preconceptions of the topic.
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López-Chao, Vicente, and Antonio Amado Lorenzo. "Architectural Graphics Research: Topics and Trends through Cluster and Map Network Analyses." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (2020): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12121936.
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Graphic representation is a fundamental language in architecture and engineering because it facilitates the communication of any type of information. Therefore, professionals and students need continuous and updated training, with scientific references being the best source of knowledge. However, accessing the latest findings is a complex process for people in the professional world or without an extensive research background since there are no specific filters in the databases, such as architectural graphics. This manuscript aims to define the research topics and trends in architectural graphics as a point of reference for novel professors and new researchers in graphics or drawing. A database on the Scopus-indexed scientific production of the professors of architectural graphics from public architecture schools in Spain has been developed. Furthermore, cluster and map network analyses have been performed using VOSviewer with different levels of co-occurrence to define what this group of academics investigates and how the issues are related. The results evidenced a structure in four categories: the philosophy and theory of architectural graphics, the theory of geometry in architectural heritage, the application of digital graphics in architecture education and urban design management. Research gaps are mentioned and a base framework for the future of research in architectural graphics is proposed.
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Verhoeven, Marc. "Structure, diversity and context in neolithic ritual practice: A reply to Stuart Campbell and Jonathan Last." Archaeological Dialogues 7, no. 1 (2000): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800001628.
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I am most grateful for the critical, yet on the whole positive and inspiring reactions of Stuart Campbell and Jonathan Last, who offer ample opportunities for an archaeological dialogue. Besides specific questions, they raise a number of important issues which have a general theoretical significance. Last, moreover, presents some new and most interesting data on horned objects from Çatalhöyük West, whereas Campbell comes up with some additional and intriguing examples of the relations between death, fire and abandonment in the late Neolithic of the Near East. In my reply I wish to start with the specific issues before I move on to more general topics.
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Beniermann, Anna, Laurens Mecklenburg, and Annette Upmeier zu Belzen. "Reasoning on Controversial Science Issues in Science Education and Science Communication." Education Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090522.
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The ability to make evidence-based decisions, and hence to reason on questions concerning scientific and societal aspects, is a crucial goal in science education and science communication. However, science denial poses a constant challenge for society and education. Controversial science issues (CSI) encompass scientific knowledge rejected by the public as well as socioscientific issues, i.e., societal issues grounded in science that are frequently applied to science education. Generating evidence-based justifications for claims is central in scientific and informal reasoning. This study aims to describe attitudes and their justifications within the argumentations of a random online sample (N = 398) when reasoning informally on selected CSI. Following a deductive-inductive approach and qualitative content analysis of written open-ended answers, we identified five types of justifications based on a fine-grained category system. The results suggest a topic-specificity of justifications referring to specific scientific data, while justifications appealing to authorities tend to be common across topics. Subjective, and therefore normative, justifications were slightly related to conspiracy ideation and a general rejection of the scientific consensus. The category system could be applied to other CSI topics to help clarify the relation between scientific and informal reasoning in science education and communication.
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Rehorek, Susan J., and Nicole J. Dafoe. "The Art of Referencing as an Often Overlooked Aspect of Scientific Literacy: Study of a Classroom Intervention." American Biology Teacher 80, no. 6 (2018): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.6.423.
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Scientific literacy is a complex topic that is often cited, but rarely fully defined. Teaching scientific literacy often focuses solely on scientific reading and writing. However, to be scientifically literate, one must also be able to distinguish between credible and non-credible sources of information. Such ability involves a thorough knowledge of referencing and the peer-review process. To incorporate such issues into the teaching of a specific aspect of scientific literacy, a two-part module was developed with one module focusing on each of the aforementioned topics. Pre-tests and post-tests assessed the efficacy of within-module assignments in terms of increasing student knowledge and confidence in understanding scientific literacy. Following completion of the modules, students were involved in a project that required the writing a scientific paper. Statistically significant gains were observed in student confidence after student completion of the module-specific assignments. Similar findings occurred in knowledge of basic formatting and peer-review after completion of the written paper. The timing in which gains occurred suggests that procedural learning occurred prior to declarative learning. Thus, a multistep process appears effective in explaining a complex topic such as scientific literacy to undergraduate students.
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Smith, Meghan, Emily Gertz, Sarah Alvarez, and Peter Lurie. "The Content and Accessibility of Sex Education Information on the Internet." Health Education & Behavior 27, no. 6 (2000): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810002700603.
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The objective of this studywas to describe Web sites with sex education material and assess the accessibility of specific information on the Internet. First, the authors conducted a review of Web sites using specific sex education keywords. Second, 27 undergraduate students were asked to locate information on proper condom use and sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms. The time, number of search attempts, and number of clicks needed to identify each piece of information were recorded. The authors identified 41 sites with sex education material from almost 6 million pages yielded by the keywords. Sixty-three percent of the 1,556 most compatible pages were categorized as pornography. The students found the information on condom use and STD symptoms in an average of 4 minutes, using fewer then six clicks and two searches. The authors concluded that general information on sex education is difficult to locate on the Internet and often lacks essential elements, but accurate and useful information on specific topics can be more easily obtained.
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Ferreira, João Elias Vidueira, and Gwendolyn Angela Lawrie. "Profiling the combinations of multiple representations used in large-class teaching: pathways to inclusive practices." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 20, no. 4 (2019): 902–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9rp00001a.
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Teachers select multiple representations and adopt multiple visualization approaches in supporting their students to make meaning of chemical phenomena. Representational competence underpins students’ construction of their mental models of concepts thus it is important that teachers consider this while developing instructional resources. In tertiary chemistry, teachers typically use PowerPoint slides to guide lectures. This instructional resource is transferred between different teachers each semester and, while the sequence of topics are likely to be discussed and agreed upon, the content of the slides can evolve organically in this shared resource over time. The aim of this study was to analyse a teacher-generated resource in the form of a consensus set of course slides to characterise the combination and diversity in representations that students had encountered. This study was set in a unique context since the semester's lecture slides represented a distillation of consensus representations used by multiple chemistry lecturers for at least a decade. The representations included: those created by the lecturers; textbook images (from several texts); photographs and images sourced from the internet. Individual representations in each PowerPoint slide were coded in terms of the level of representation, mode and potential function in supporting deeper understanding of chemistry concepts. Three representational organizing frameworks (functional taxonomy of multiple representations, modes of representation and the chemistry triplet levels of thinking) were integrated to categorise the representations. This qualitative data was subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and several relationships between the categories and topics taught were identified. Additional qualitative data in the form of student reflections on the perceived utility of specific representations were collected at the end of the semester. The findings from this study inform the design and choice of instructional resources for general chemistry particularly in combining representations to support deeper learning of concepts. A broader goal and application of the findings of this study is to identify opportunities for translation of representations into alternative modalities to widen access and participation in learning chemistry for all students. An example of a strategy for translating representations into tactile modes for teaching the topic of phase change is shared.
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Granhag, Pär Anders, and Erik Mac Giolla. "Preventing Future Crimes." European Psychologist 19, no. 3 (2014): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000202.
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This review paper examines the growing body of research on the psycho-legal study of true and false intentions – a typically neglected area within the field of deception detection. The extant studies are thematically grouped into four main topics: (i) physiological measures; (ii) implicit measures; (iii) strategic interviewing; and (iv) studies examining episodic future thought (EFT) and mental images. The benefits and limitations, and underlying theory of the respective approaches are discussed. The paper also provides a note on relevant theory, specific for intention research, and recommendations for future research directions. Findings from experimental research are related to the applied context.
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Unoki, Takeshi, Hideaki Sakuramoto, Ryuhei Sato, et al. "Adverse Effects of Personal Protective Equipment Among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review." SAGE Open Nursing 7 (January 2021): 237796082110261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608211026164.
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Introduction To avoid exposure to SARS-COV-2, healthcare professionals use personal protective equipment (PPE) while treating COVID-19 patients. Prior studies have revealed the adverse effects (AEs) of PPE on healthcare workers (HCWs); however, no review has focused on the AEs of PPE on HCWs in intensive care units (ICUs). This review aimed to identify the AEs of PPE on HCWs working in ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A scoping review was conducted. MEDLINE, CINAHL, the World Health Organization (WHO) global literature on COVID-19, and Igaku-chuo-zasshi (a Japanese medical database), Google Scholar, medRxiv, and Health Research Board (HRB) open research were searched from January 25–28, 2021. The extracted data included author(s) name, year of publication, country, language, article title, journal name, publication type, study methodology, population, outcome, and key findings. Results The initial search identified 691 articles and abstracts. Twenty-five articles were included in the analysis. The analysis comprised four key topics: studies focusing on PPE-related headache, voice disorders, skin manifestations, and miscellaneous AEs of PPE. The majority of AEs for HCWs in ICUs were induced by prolonged use of masks. Conclusion The AEs of PPE among HCWs in ICUs included heat, headaches, skin injuries, chest discomfort, and dyspnea. Studies with a focus on specific diseases were on skin injuries. Moreover, many AEs were induced by prolonged use of masks.
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Calise, Francesco, Maria Vicidomini, Mário Costa, Qiuwang Wang, Poul Alberg Østergaard, and Neven Duić. "Toward an Efficient and Sustainable Use of Energy in Industries and Cities." Energies 12, no. 16 (2019): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163150.
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Several countries have recently realized that the present development paradigm is not sustainable from an environmental and energy point of view. The growing awareness of the population regarding environmental issues is pushing governments worldwide more and more to promote policies aiming at limiting harmful effects of human development. In particular, the rapid increase of the global temperature, especially in the polar regions, and the management of human wastes, mainly plastic in seas, are some of the main points to be addressed by these novel policies. Several actions must be implemented in order to limit such issues. Unfortunately, the recent COP 24 Conference was not successful, but hopefully an agreement will be established in 2020 at the COP 26 Conference. The effort performed by policymakers must be mandatorily supported by the scientific community. In this framework, this paper aims at showing that countries worldwide are trying to negotiate an agreement to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, in this paper all the researchers reported can provide quantitative measures of the actions to be implemented in order to address a sustainable and efficient use of energy. Here, innovations in terms of novel efficient and environmentally friendly technologies mainly based on renewable energy sources have been also investigated. The study also highlights different sectors that have been involved for this aim, such as energy conversion systems, urban areas, mobility, sustainability, water management, social aspects, etc. In this framework, specific conferences are periodically organized in order to provide a forum for discussion regarding these topics. In this area the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conference is the most ordinary conference. The 13th Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems Conference was held in Palermo, Italy in 2018. The current Special Issue of Energies, precisely dedicated to the 13th SDEWES Conference, is based on three main topics: energy policy and energy efficiency in urban areas, energy efficiency in industry and biomass and other miscellaneous energy systems.
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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Max Abbott, et al. "The Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling: A revised framework for understanding gambling harm." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 2 (2020): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00024.
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AbstractBackground and aimsThe Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling moves beyond a symptoms-based view of harm and addresses a broad set of factors related to the risks and effects of gambling harmfully at the individual, family, and community levels. Coauthored by international research experts and informed by multiple stakeholders, Gambling Research Exchange (GREO) facilitated the framework development in 2013 and retains responsibility for regular updates and mobilization. This review article presents information about the revised version of the Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling completed in late 2018.MethodsWe describe eight interrelated factors depicted in the framework that represent major themes in gambling ranging from the specific (gambling environment, exposure, gambling types, and treatment resources) to the general (cultural, social, psychological, and biological influences). After outlining the framework development and collaborative process, we highlight new topics for the recent update that reflect changes in the gambling landscape and prominent discourses in the scientific community. Some of these topics include social and economic impacts of gambling, and a new model of understanding gambling related harm.Discussion and conclusionsWe address the relevance of the CFHG to the gambling and behavioral addictions research community. Harm-based frameworks have been undertaken in other areas of addiction that can both inform and be informed by a model dedicated to harmful gambling. Further, the framework brings a multi-disciplinary perspective to bear on antecedents and factors that co-occur with harmful gambling.
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Škrinjarić, Tihana. "Profiting on the Stock Market in Pandemic Times: Study of COVID-19 Effects on CESEE Stock Markets." Mathematics 9, no. 17 (2021): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9172077.
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This research deals with stock market reactions of Central Eastern and South Eastern European (CESEE) markets to the COVID-19 pandemic, via the event study methodology approach. Since the stock markets react quickly to certain announcements, the used methodology is appropriate to evaluate how the aforementioned markets reacted to certain events. The purpose of this research was to evaluate possibilities of obtaining profits on the stock markets during great turbulences, when a majority of the participants panic. More specifically, the contrarian trading strategies are observed if they can obtain gains, although a majority of the markets suffer great losses during pandemic shocks. The contributions to the existing literature of this research are as follows. Firstly, empirical research on CESEE stock markets regarding other relevant topics is still scarce and should be explored more. Secondly, the event study approach of COVID-19 effects utilized in this study has (to the knowledge of the author) not yet been explored on the aforementioned markets. Thirdly, based on the results of CESEE market reactions to specific announcements regarding COVID-19, a simulation of simple trading strategies will be made in order to estimate whether some investors could have profited in certain periods. The results of the study indicate promising results in terms of exploiting other investors’ panicking during the greatest decline of stock market indices. Namely, the initial results, as expected, indicate strong negative effects of specific COVID-19 announcements on the selected stock markets. Secondly, the obtained information was shown to be useful for contrarian strategy in order to exploit great dips in the stock market indices values.
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Kelemenová, Tatiana, Miroslav Dovica, Pavol Božek, et al. "Specific Problems in Measurement of Coefficient of Friction Using Variable Incidence Tribometer." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (2020): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081235.
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The subject of this paper is the solution to specific problems in the measurement of the coefficient of the sliding friction of material pairs using a variable incidence tribometer. The aim of this work was to solve the questions of the measurement of the static coefficient of friction using a variable incidence tribometer from the perspective of metrology. In particular, we intended to research the expression of the credibility of this measurement and the possibility of increasing the credibility of the measurement. Another problem that needs to be solved is the method of carrying out the measurement, which has an impact on its achieved uncertainty. Sliding friction is a phenomenon that depends on many material properties such as contact area roughness, moisture, lubricants, temperature, and relative motion velocity. If environmental conditions are defined, the main input parameter is the relative motion velocity. For this input quantity, friction force becomes a symmetrical problem, and it is only necessary to explore this phenomenon for positive values of velocities. Symmetry in this area simplifies the research of this science topic.
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Martens, Cristina Dai Prá, Fabrício Martins Lacerda, Ana Claudia Belfort, and Henrique Mello Rodrigues de Freitas. "Research on entrepreneurial orientation: current status and future agenda." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 22, no. 4 (2016): 556–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-08-2015-0183.
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Purpose – Research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has attracted researchers’ attention for over 30 years. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively analyze the body of literature resulting from 30 years of research in EO, and to answer the following questions: what are the major themes that have emerged? What areas are missing? What degree of convergence do we see in the field of EO, and what concepts/topics has the field converged around? Design/methodology/approach – A bibliometric study with a sample of 405 articles published from January 1987 to July 2014 was developed. Techniques of bibliometric, lexical, and content analysis were used. The analysis involved: the evolution of published articles; the main authors, their nationalities, and institutional affiliations; citation and co-citations analysis; the journals that have published the most articles; and the most frequently-searched topics. Opting for bibliometric techniques permit an analysis of a larger number of articles and a greater variety of articles than other methodologies such as meta-analyses and systematic review studies. Accordingly, a more comprehensive look at the field of EO can be taken. Findings – Two distinct but complementary classifications are proposed to characterize the body of the literature resulting from 30 years of research in EO. The first one demonstrates that the field presents a convergence of the themes in four axis which together comprise studies on EO: performance, strategy, entrepreneurial attitude, and management. The second one presents the frequency of occurrence of the themes in the field: high-frequency themes or classical themes, frequently in the literature; moderate-frequency themes or emerging issues have not been sufficiently explored; low-frequency themes or potential opportunities related to understudied issues and contexts less frequently surveyed. A future research agenda is proposed for emerging themes and specific contexts. Practical implications – The identification of key themes in the field of EO contributes to assess the research evolution in order to recognize emerging themes and contexts, and the research gaps. With this, it is possible to lead new studies to cover a lack of research and advance knowledge in the field. The themes most studied also show the contribution for EO to organizational practice, especially in relation to the impact on the performance, the stimulus to the development of innovations, and the effects on organizational growth. Additionally, the identification of the authors most cited, most productive on the theme and the identification of the core journals for publishing of the area is recommended as a general reference for researchers interested in the topic of EO. Social implications – Although EO literature has been widely developed in Anglo regions (especially in the USA and UK) and Germanic Europe (especially Spain), there are others lacking these studies, especially Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Middle East, with rare articles published internationally. The results can guide the advancement of research in these different contexts and realities where even issues more widely treated in the literature have been unexplored. The lack of studies in certain contexts can lead to new studies for inserting new insights into EO, such as potential differences between developed regions and in development. For regions where the studies on EO are more developed, the results of this paper contribute to signaling issues and contexts little explored that may be the focus of attention. Originality/value – The generation of literature indicators of EO through bibliometric fills a research gap on the theme, providing a more comprehensive view of the field and of the current status of the research on EO. Identifying the most frequent topics in EO literature, and little-explored themes and contexts makes it possible to propose an agenda for future research and knowledge generation on EO. Thus, it is suggested the development of studies focus on emerging themes like growth, learning, knowledge, resources, and capabilities; also in specific contexts with potential for aggregating new knowledges in the EO field such as family firms, non-profit organizations, social contexts, the public sector, university, spin-off, firms in emerging and developing economies.
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Wilson, Mark. "Cognitive Diagnosis Using Item Response Models." Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 216, no. 2 (2008): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.216.2.74.
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In this paper, I will describe a particular approach to cognitive diagnosis that is centered on the idea of developmental assessment, and illustrate how data from this approach can be modeled using explanatory item response models. The developmental assessment approach starts with the idea of a progression of learning embodied in what are called progress variables. In a progress variable, student understanding is conceptualized as a continuum with successive levels of development. Effectively, these are seen as a series of student conceptions – this is the first layer of diagnosis. Then, student misconceptions are seen as particular diagnoses within the student conceptions, forming a second layer of diagnosis. Explanatory measurement is introduced as a way to formally model the psychometrics of this situation, using the Berkeley Evaluation and Assessment Research (BEAR) assessment system as a specific example. The discussion is illustrated with examples from student learning about selected topics in science: Earth in the Solar System, and Conceptions of Matter. The paper concludes with a discussion of further steps that match complexities in the diagnostic situation with more complex explanatory models.
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Brug, Johannes, Robert A. C. Ruiter, and Patricia Van Assema. "The (Ir)Relevance of Framing Nutrition Education Messages." Nutrition and Health 17, no. 1 (2003): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010600301700102.
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Persuasive health education messages can either stress the positive consequences of performing a healthy behaviour (gain-frame) or the negative consequences of not performing a healthy behaviour (loss-frame). Based on studies on topics such as sun protection and breast self-examination there is evidence that messages in different action frames may differ in persuasive effects. Three randomised controlled trials were conducted to test framing effects in nutrition education on specific nutrition-related attitudes and intentions. In study 1, effects of gain-framed and loss-framed messages were studied among 152 adult education students on attitudes and intentions related to fat, fruit and vegetable consumption. In study 2 we confronted 149 regular students with differently framed messages related to a (more or less fictive) preventive dietary behaviour that was expected to be unknown to the study population, intake of flavonoids and risk for chronic disease. The impact on attitudes and intentions to use flavonoid-enriched spreads was studied. In study 3 we studied the effects of differently framed messages on attitudes and intentions related to more immediate and more personally relevant diet nutrition behaviour: folic acid supplement use before and during pregnancy among 100 female students. No significant differences in attitudes or intentions to perform the preventive nutrition behaviours were found between the gain-frame conditions and the loss-frame conditions in all three studies. The (lack of) effects were not moderated by factors such as perceived personal relevance, credibility or novelty of the information, or the perceived importance of the topic addressed. The results of the present studies suggest that action-frame choice has a very limited impact on the effectiveness of nutrition education in changing precautionary motivation.
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Fernández Vilas, Ana, Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo, Daniel Couto Cancela, and Alejandro Torrado Pazos. "Interplay between Cryptocurrency Transactions and Online Financial Forums." Mathematics 9, no. 4 (2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9040411.
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Cryptocurrencies are a type of digital money meant to provide security and anonymity while using cryptography techniques. Although cryptocurrencies represent a breakthrough and provide some important benefits, their usage poses some risks that are a result of the lack of supervising institutions and transparency. Because disinformation and volatility is discouraging for personal investors, cryptocurrencies emerged hand-in-hand with the proliferation of online users’ communities and forums as places to share information that can alleviate users’ mistrust. This research focuses on the study of the interplay between these cryptocurrency forums and fluctuations in cryptocurrency values. In particular, the most popular cryptocurrency Bitcoin (BTC) and a related active discussion community, Bitcointalk, are analyzed. This study shows that the activity of Bitcointalk forum keeps a direct relationship with the trend in the values of BTC, therefore analysis of this interaction would be a perfect base to support personal investments in a non-regulated market and, to confirm whether cryptocurrency forums show evidences to detect abnormal behaviors in BTC values as well as to predict or estimate these values. The experiment highlights that forum data can explain specific events in the financial field. It also underlines the relevance of quotes (regular mechanism to response a post) at periods: (1) when there is a high concentration of posts around certain topics; (2) when peaks in the BTC price are observed; and, (3) when the BTC price gradually shifts downwards and users intend to sell.
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Faizi, Shahzad, Wojciech Sałabun, Tabasam Rashid, Sohail Zafar, and Jarosław Wątróbski. "Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets in Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making Problems Using the Characteristic Objects Method." Symmetry 12, no. 9 (2020): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091382.
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Over the past few decades, several researchers and professionals have focused on the development and application of multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) methods under a fuzzy environment in different areas and disciplines. This complex research area has become one of the more popular topics, and it seems that this trend will be increasing. In this paper, we propose a new MCGDM approach combining intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and the Characteristic Object Method (COMET) for solving the group decision making (GDM) problems. The COMET method is resistant to the rank reversal phenomenon, and at the same time it remains relatively simple and intuitive in practical problems. This method can be used for both symmetric and asymmetric information. The Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers (TIFNs) have been used to handle uncertain data. This concept can ensure the preference information about an alternative under specific criteria more comprehensively and allows for easy modelling of symmetrical or asymmetrical linguistic values. Each expert provides the membership and non-membership degree values of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs). So this approach deals with a different kind of uncertainty than with hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs). The proposed combination of COMET and IFSs required an adaptation of the matrix of expert judgment (MEJ) and allowed to capture the behaviour aspects of the decision makers (DMs). Therefore, we get more reliable solutions while solving MCGDM problems. Finally, the proposed method is presented in a simple academic example.
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Negru, Ciprian, Isabel Domínguez Gaibor, Aureliu-Florin Hălălișan, and Bogdan Popa. "Management Effectiveness Assessment for Ecuador’s National Parks." Diversity 12, no. 12 (2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120487.
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Ecuador belongs to the group of 17 megadiverse countries on the planet, and the Ecuadorian national system of protected areas covers around 20% of the country’s territory. Despite some initiatives for protected areas management effectiveness evaluation, the information on this matter is scarce and a general overview is missing. In this context, this study aims at investigating problems faced by National Parks in Ecuador and developing a base level management effectiveness evaluation for possible comparative assessments in the future. Focusing on all 12 legally established National Parks, this study used the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT), an internationally consecrated methodology based on a scorecard questionnaire that includes six elements of management cycle: context, planning, inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. The questionnaire was applied to Ecuadorian National Parks management teams through face-to-face interviews. The resulted overall management effectiveness indices are between 40.6% and 99.0%. The general condition of biodiversity value was considered as good in line with the legal status and National Parks design but topics related to budget allocation, tourism arrangements, communities and indigenous people received lower scores. The low enforcement emphasis is not necessarily the best way to improve management effectiveness; the identified issues should be addressed by including communities and indigenous people in the decision making and benefits sharing as well as strategic allocation of budgetary resources, with proper adaptation to Natural Parks’ specific conditions.
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Kifer, Edward. "Review: Hot and Cold Responses to Good Mathematics." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 21, no. 2 (1990): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.21.2.0166.
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This is a tough book for me, both to read and to review. Part of its difficulty is format-22 different authors work with and write about specific aspects of a general topic; part is the wide variation in content, theory, and research methodology employed across the volume; and part is a demand placed on the reader or reviewer to be aware not only of the issues addressed in the past when looking at relationships between achievement and affect, broadly construed, but also to be aware of new perspectives and issues raised by cognitive scientists, again broadly defined.
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Koponen, Ismo T. "Nature of Science (NOS) Being Acquainted with Science of Science (SoS): Providing a Panoramic Picture of Sciences to Embody NOS for Pre-Service Teachers." Education Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030107.
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Understanding about nature of science is important topic in science education as well as in pre-service science teacher education. In science education, Nature of Science (NOS), in its different forms of educational scaffoldings, seeks to provide with students an understanding of features of scientific knowledge and science in general, how scientific knowledge changes and becomes accepted, and what factors guide scientific activities. For a science teacher, deep and broad enough picture of sciences is therefore of importance. This study attempts to show that the research field called Science of Science (SoS) can significantly support building such a panoramic picture of sciences, and through that, significantly support NOS. The SoS approaches the structure and dynamics of science quantitatively, using scientific documents (e.g., publications, reports, books and monographs and patent applications) as trails to map the landscape of sciences. It is argued here that SoS may provide material and interesting cases for NOS, and in so doing enrich NOS in a similarly significant way as history, philosophy and sociology of science (HPSS) scholarship has done thus far. This study introduces several themes based on SoS that are of relevance for NOS as they were introduced and discussed in a pre-service science teachers’ course. The feedback from pre-service teachers shows that introducing SoS, with minimal additional philosophical interpretations and discussions, but simply as evidential facts and findings, sparks ideas and views that come very close to NOS themes and topics. Discussions related to nature of science, and specific educational NOS scaffoldings for it, can find a good companion in SoS; the latter providing facts and evidence of thee structure and dynamics of sciences, the former providing perspectives for interpretations.
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Chandarana, Shikha, Rajiv Rimal, Sameera Talegawkar, et al. "Promoting Interpersonal Communication for Anemia Reduction: Findings From the Reduction in Anemia Through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_016.
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Abstract Objectives More than half of women of reproductive age in India are anemic, a condition treatable through regular iron folic acid uptake. Previous studies have shown the importance of participatory interactions and interpersonal communication in improving women's health. The Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) study investigated the effect of general health and anemia- specific interpersonal communication on improving iron folic acid use among women of reproductive age. Methods The RANI Project is a cluster randomized trial that collected longitudinal data from control (N = 1896) and treatment (N = 1898) communities in Odisha, India at baseline and at midline, 6 months later. Structural equation models assessed the intervention effect on iron folic acid use through both, general health interpersonal communication focused on “the health of women in the community” and anemia-specific interpersonal communication. Results Compared to the control arm, iron folic acid use significantly increased in the treatment arm; health communication and anemia-specific communication also increased. The impact of the intervention on iron folic acid use was mediated through anemia-specific interpersonal communication (p < 0.001). The effect of general health interpersonal communication on iron folic acid uptake was only manifest in the indirect pathway, with anemia-specific interpersonal communication serving as the mediator. Conclusions Many rural Indian women do not have access to health information through mass and social media thus interventions need to rely on novel ways of disseminating health information. These results indicate that interpersonal communication can serve this function as increased interpersonal communication among participants, resulted in improved iron folic acid use. These findings also emphasize the importance of distinguishing between general interpersonal communication and health topic-specific interpersonal communication. Strategic use of targeted interpersonal communication in promoting behavior change is a viable strategy in increasing iron folic acid use, leading to anemia reduction. Funding Sources This study was supported by a grant from The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Srisuphaolarn, Patnaree, and Nuttapol Assarut. "Winning CSR strategies for the talent war." Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 3 (2019): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-06-2017-0107.
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Purpose The authors analyze the relationship between perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity bundles and prospective employees’ work values to assess how CSR strategies contribute to new staff recruiting strategies. Design/methodology/approach Building on personal and organizational value fit theory, the authors propose a positive correlation between facets of work values and particular CSR activities. We use work values, as they reflect personal values, and CSR activities to reflect organizational value. We test this relationship using a sample of senior marketing and international business majors. Findings The authors found that the relationships are threefold: all negative, all positive and selectively positive. Some viewed CSR as irrelevant to their choice of employer – those who focused on security and pride, with low degrees of other work values, and those who were concerned with growth and knowledge utilization. People who seek security and meaningful jobs hold preferable attitudes toward CSR, regardless of the areas of CSR. Selectively positive relationship between work values and CSR bundles was founded in those who seek meaningful jobs and the workplaces for which they feel proud to work. Practical implications This paper contributes to better understanding of the influence of CSR on prospective employees over preferences for companies as ideal employers. CSR matters, but not to everyone. Those who perceive that CSR matters are more active regarding work. This study links two topics – personal values through work values, and organizational values through CSR – opening a new area for investigating the effects of CSR on human resource management (HRM). Originality/value This study identifies why CSR is attractive to potential employees by using person-value and organizational-value fit theory to elaborate on a company’s social performance through CSR perceptions. No study links these two topics, which examine the same results. Research suggests that fit between personal and organizational values leads to job satisfaction, and thus a tendency to select a specific employer. CSR literature suggests that a company’s reputation gained by engaging in CSR attracts talent. By classifying talent according to work values and mapping them with CSR bundles, the authors argue that there is relationship between types of talent and CSR bundles.
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Cobb, Paul, Ada Boufi, Kay McClain, and Joy Whitenack. "Reflective Discourse and Collective Reflection." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 28, no. 3 (1997): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.28.3.0258.
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The analysis in this paper focuses on the relationship between classroom discourse and mathematical development. We give particular attention to reflective discourse, in which mathematical activity is objectified and becomes an explicit topic of conversation. We differentiate between students' development of particular mathematical concepts and their development of a general orientation to mathematical activity. Specific issues addressed include both the teacher's role and the role of symbolization in supporting reflective shifts in the discourse. We subsequently contrast our analysis of reflective discourse with Vygotskian accounts of learning that also stress the importance of social interaction and semiotic mediation. We then relate the discussion to characterizations of classroom discourse derived from Lakatos' philosophical analysis.
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Vermorgen, Maarten, Aline De Vleminck, Kathleen Leemans, et al. "Family carer support in home and hospital: a cross-sectional survey of specialised palliative care." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 10, no. 4 (2019): e33-e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001795.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate: (1) to what extent family carers of people supported by specialised palliative care services felt they had been provided with information, support and aftercare and (2) how this varied by type of palliative care service, length of enrolment and characteristics of deceased.MethodsA cross-sectional postal survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire with nine items on information, support and aftercare provided by specialised palliative care services to family carers. Flemish family carers of people who had made use of specialised palliative care services at home or in hospital were contacted.ResultsOf all primary family carers (response rate of 53.5% resulting in n=1504), 77.7% indicated they were asked frequently by professionals how they were feeling. Around 75% indicated they had been informed about specific end-of-life topics and around 90% felt sufficiently supported before and immediately after the death. Family carers of people who had died in a palliative care unit, compared with other types of specialised palliative care services, indicated having received more information, support and aftercare.ConclusionsFamily carers evaluate the professional assistance provided more positively when death occurred in a palliative care unit. Policy changes might be needed to reach the same level of care across all specialised palliative care services.
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Kuckertz, H. "Organizing labour forces in Mpondoland: a new perspective on work-parties." Africa 55, no. 2 (1985): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160297.
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Opening ParagraphWork-parties, i.e. occasional labour groupings organized for specific economic tasks, are not as yet a topic of marked concern, either for social anthropology in general or for economic anthropology in particular. This is borne out by the fact that there is thus far no study which discusses them in any depth, or crossculturally. Yet work-parties are a fairly widespead phenomenon in Africa.
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Forbes, Cory, Jaime Sabel, and Laura Zangori. "Integrating Life Science Content & Instructional Methods in Elementary Teacher Education." American Biology Teacher 77, no. 9 (2015): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2015.77.9.2.
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Elementary students need to have meaningful experiences with the life sciences in order to develop understanding of the natural world. However, they often possess alternative ideas about core life-science concepts that may not be scientifically accurate. There is a need for innovative science curriculum and instruction that is responsive to students’ ideas, to help students develop a foundation of disciplinary knowledge that will ground their science learning in later grades. Formative assessment gives teachers an important toolkit to elicit, evaluate, and respond to students’ ideas. Formative-assessment practices are discipline-specific, in that they require teachers to possess both disciplinary content knowledge and sufficient pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Unfortunately, formative-assessment practices are not widely used in elementary classrooms; this may be due to elementary teachers’ limited disciplinary knowledge and PCK of science topics. Teachers need support in learning how to effectively engage in formative-assessment practices and to integrate the strategies into science classrooms. To address this need, we designed an innovative new course for prospective elementary teachers that integrates life-science disciplinary knowledge with instructional methods – in particular, formative assessment. Here, we describe the course and highlight key findings from its first implementation.
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Gutierrez, Angela P., Addie L. Fortmann, Kimberly Savin, Taylor L. Clark, and Linda C. Gallo. "Effectiveness of Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs for US Latinos at Improving Emotional Distress: A Systematic Review." Diabetes Educator 45, no. 1 (2018): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721718819451.
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Purpose This systematic review examined whether diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions for US Latino adults improve general emotional distress (eg, depression symptoms) and/or health-specific emotional distress (eg, diabetes distress). The topic is important given the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), concomitant distress, and worse health outcomes among Latinos and considering the barriers that distress poses for effective diabetes self-management. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of the online databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and CENTRAL was conducted from database inception through April 2018. A comprehensive search strategy identified trials testing DSME interventions for US Latinos with T2DM that reported on changes in general or health-specific emotional distress. Risk of bias was assessed using the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool. Raw mean differences ( D) and effect sizes ( d) were computed where possible. Results Fifteen studies were included in the review. Six of 8 studies that examined depression symptoms reported significant symptom reduction. Of 10 studies that examined health-specific emotional distress, 6 reported significant symptom reduction. Effect sizes ranged from −0.20 to –3.85. Null findings were more readily found among studies with very small sample sizes (n < 30) and studies testing interventions without specific psychosocial content, with little cultural tailoring, with less frequent intervention sessions, and with support sessions lacking concurrent diabetes education. Most studies (11) received a weak rating of evidence quality. Conclusions There is an absence of strong evidence to support that DSME programs tailored for Latino adults with T2DM are beneficial for improving emotional distress. Methodologically robust studies are needed.
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Baltes, Paul B., Karl Ulrich Mayer, Hanfried Helmchen, and Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen. "The Berlin Aging Study (BASE): Overview and Design." Ageing and Society 13, no. 4 (1993): 483–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00001343.
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ABSTRACTThis article, the introduction to a collection of six related articles, describes the general rationale and design of the Berlin Aging Study (BASE). The distinguishing features of BASE are: (1) a special focus on the very old (70–105 years), (2) broad inter-diciplinarity (medicine, psychiatry, psychology, sociology and economics), and (3) sample heterogeneity achieved by local (West Berlin) representativeness. In addition to discipline-specific topics, four theoretical orientations guide the study: (1) differential ageing, (2) continuity versus discontinuity of ageing, (3) range and limits of plasticity and reserve capacity, and (4) ageing as an inter-disciplinary and systemic phenomenon. To provide a foundation and framework for the remaining articles, this paper outlines the protocols, designs, and measurement procedures of fourteen data collection sessions. In addition, information is given on the samples used for empirical analysis. Two samples from the first wave of the Berlin Aging Study are addressed in this collection of articles. The first (N = 360), uses data from the BASE Intake Assessment Protocol (Session 1). The second (N = 156), employs data from the entire 14-session full protocol of BASE. Selectivity analyses involving 22 comparison variables are reported in this paper and demonstrate that, with the exception of 12-month mortality, these two samples displayed the intended sample heterogeneity. Those results suggest that data from BASE hold high generalizability.
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Wu, Yunyun, and Xiaochun Li. "Rural-urban migrants’ remittances and wage inequality: Evidence from China." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 3 (2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/53/2019-agricecon.
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There is a link between rural-urban remittances and wage inequality. However, the existing literature sheds little light on this topic. In this study, we establish a three-sector general equilibrium model to investigate the effects of rural-urban migrants’ remittances on wage inequality. Further, we use Chinese macroeconomic data to calibrate the parameters and conduct analysis with numerical simulation. We find that, when rural-urban migrants raise their remittance rate, wage inequality between skilled labour and the urban formal sector remains unchanged in the sector-specific capital case but narrows in the sector-mobile capital case. Moreover, in the sector-specific case, skilled and unskilled wage inequalities, w<sub>SY</sub> and w<sub>SZ</sub>, decrease at the same rate as the urban-rural wage inequalities, w<sub>XY</sub> and w<sub>XZ</sub>, respectively. In the mobile case, however, the former declines faster than the latter.
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Gil, Angel, and Ricardo Rueda. "Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system." Nutrition Research Reviews 15, no. 2 (2002): 263–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr200248.
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AbstractThe present review focuses on the specific effects of nutrients on the development of the immune system in early life. There is a big gap regarding the specific mechanisms that regulate immunity at the intestinal level and their impact in the systemic immune function. For this reason, during the last few years there has been great interest in ascertaining the mechanisms that regulate the intestinal immune function, as well as to understand how specific nutrients interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We have reviewed this topic with special emphasis on how human milk, and its components, influence the early development of intestinal immunity in breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed infants. Interactions between nutrients and intestinal microbiota have also been reviewed. Some micronutrients such as nucleotides and gangliosides, which are present in human milk and also in most foods, are able to influence immune functionality at very low concentrations. The specific action of these micronutrients on some parameters of immunity, as well as their potential mechanisms of action, have been considered in detail. However, there are limited data on how other specific nutrients, namely protein and non-protein N-containing compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, and others, such as minerals, vitamins, fibre, non-nutritional dietary compounds (flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, etc), influence immunity. In the present review we have provided data regarding the potential effects of these compounds on the immune response in early life. The increasing use of functional foods by the public to improve their general health and prevent the incidence of chronic diseases has become a major area of interest within the nutrition community. Of the many functional foods available, probiotics have been most studied in infancy and childhood, particularly with regard to the prevention of allergic diseases. Infant formulae and fermented milks containing large quantities of probiotics are produced and consumed by Europeans and in other industrialized countries. In the present review we cover the clinical effects of probiotics in preventing disease during early life, as well as the potential mechanisms of interaction between probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract.
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Paskova, Martina, and Josef Zelenka. "How crucial is the social responsibility for tourism sustainability?" Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 4 (2019): 534–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-03-2018-0057.
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Purpose The paper aims to analyse the social responsibility concept and to explore its role in the implementation process of the tourism sustainability concept. The intention is to explore the way in which the social responsibility concept is implemented in the tourism and analyse how it contributes to its sustainability. Design/methodology/approach In this interpretivist research, the authors implemented a qualitative strategy using the following methods: content, critical and comparative analyses of the results reported in available scientific studies, categorization, causal analysis and mental mapping. The authors identified 14 thematic categories of research on the tourism social responsibility. For the causal description, the authors used driving force, pressure, state, impact, response (DPSIR) method. Findings The results include identification of the categories of the research topics concerning tourism social responsibility as well as categories of the approaches to the implementation of the social responsibility into the practice of the tourism sector. The causal description of this implementation process is elaborated in the form of the DPSIR model. The created mental map shows the specific facets of the social responsibility concept applied to the diverse tourism subsectors. Originality value The main contribution lies in basic overview of the conceptual (theoretical) and instrumental (practical) base for implementation of the social responsibility concept into the tourism, providing in this way a critical analysis of examples of the social responsibility practice in the key tourism subsectors. The examination of the causal analyses in the form of DPSIR model as well as employment of the content analyses in the form of mental map represent innovative approach to the tourism responsibility research.
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J Ángel Rueda, Christian, Juan C Valdés Godínes, and Paul D Rudman. "Categorizing the Educational Affordances of 3 Dimensional Immersive Digital Environments." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 17 (2018): 083–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4056.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper provides a general-purpose categorization scheme for assessing the utility of new and emerging three-dimensional interactive digital environments (3D-IDEs), along with specific pedagogic approaches that are known to work. It argues for the use of 3D-IDEs on the basis of their ludic appeal and ability to provide intrinsic motivation to the learner, and their openness that allows the learner to gain a more holistic understanding of a topic. Background: Researchers have investigated the affordances, benefits, and drawbacks of individual 3D-IDEs, such as virtual worlds, but teachers lack a general-purpose approach to assessing new 3D-IDEs as they appear and applying them to teaching practice. Methodology: The categorization scheme is based on the analysis, reflection, and comprehension of the research on limitations, challenges, and opportunities for teaching in virtual environments by Angel Rueda, Valdes Godines and Guzmán Flores; the scheme is discussed in terms of an experiment to trial virtual genetics labs in Second Life. Contribution: The paper describes a general-purpose approach to applying existing and new 3D virtual spaces to education, shows a worked example of the use of the categories, and describes six approaches to consider in applying these technologies. Findings: 3D-IDEs are categorized in terms of the way in which they interface with the user’s senses and their ability to provide ‘immersion’; two forms of immersion are examined: digital perceptual immersion – the generated sense of reality – and ludic narrative immersion – a less cognitive and more emotional engagement with the learning environment. Recommendations for Practitioners: Six specific forms of pedagogy appropriate for 3D-IDEs are examined and discussed, in terms of the affordances and technology required, as assessed by the categorization scheme. More broadly, the paper argues for a change in the assessment of new digital technologies from the technology’s features to its affordances and the pedagogies it can support. Recommendation for Researchers: The paper offers a practical approach to choosing and using 3D-IDEs for education, based upon previous work. The next step is to trial the scheme with teachers to ascertain its ease of use and effectiveness. Impact on Society: The paper argues strongly for a new approach to teaching, where the learner is encouraged to use 3D-IDEs in a ludic manner in order to generate internal motivation to learn, and to explore the topic according to their individual learning needs in addition to the teacher’s planned route through the learning material. Future Research: The categorization scheme is intended to be applied to new technologies as they are introduced. Future research is needed to assess its effectiveness and if necessary update the scheme.
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Stellingwerff, Trent, James P. Morton, and Louise M. Burke. "A Framework for Periodized Nutrition for Athletics." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (2019): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0305.
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Over the last decade, in support of training periodization, there has been an emergence around the concept of nutritional periodization. Within athletics (track and field), the science and art of periodization is a cornerstone concept with recent commentaries emphasizing the underappreciated complexity associated with predictable performance on demand. Nevertheless, with varying levels of evidence, sport and event specific sequencing of various training units and sessions (long [macrocycle; months], medium [mesocycle; weeks], and short [microcycle; days and within-day duration]) is a routine approach to training periodization. Indeed, implementation of strategic temporal nutrition interventions (macro, meso, and micro) can support and enhance training prescription and adaptation, as well as acute event specific performance. However, a general framework on how, why, and when nutritional periodization could be implemented has not yet been established. It is beyond the scope of this review to highlight every potential nutritional periodization application. Instead, this review will focus on a generalized framework, with specific examples of macro-, meso-, and microperiodization for the macronutrients of carbohydrates, and, by extension, fat. More specifically, the authors establish the evidence and rationale for situations of acute high carbohydrate availability, as well as the evidence for more chronic manipulation of carbohydrates coupled with training. The topic of periodized nutrition has made considerable gains over the last decade but is ripe for further scientific progress and field application.
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Megahead, Hamido A. "Research on Social Work Practice in Egypt and the Arab World." Research on Social Work Practice 27, no. 3 (2016): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731516662319.
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This article aims at introducing the research on social work practice in Egypt and the Arab World as a thematic topic. It has started with the essence of the current Arab World and its definition. Social work practice and models of social work intervention in this specific region have been described in terms of its specific and topographic nature. Three main contributors and players to research on social work practice have been included namely social work practitioners, academic social work researchers, and doctoral dissertations granted by Western universities to Arabs. The discussions and implications to research on social work practice in Egypt and the Arab World have been addressed.
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Bošnjak, Michael, Nadine Wedderhoff, and Holger Steinmetz. "Hotspots in Psychology – 2021 Edition." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 229, no. 1 (2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000438.
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Abstract. This editorial briefly introduces the six articles included in the fifth “Hotspots in Psychology” of the Zeitschrift für Psychologie. The format is devoted to systematic reviews and meta-analyses in research-active fields that have generated a considerable number of primary studies. The common denominator of published papers is the application of research synthesis approaches and not a specific psychological topic or theme that all articles have to address. Moreover, methodological advances in research synthesis methods relevant to any subfield of psychology are being addressed. To foster the open science philosophy, all papers present comprehensive supplemental material via PsychArchives ( www.psycharchives.org ).
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Bagchi, Susmit. "Analysis of Topological Endomorphism of Fuzzy Measure in Hausdorff Distributed Monoid Spaces." Symmetry 11, no. 5 (2019): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11050671.
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The concepts of fuzzy sets and topology are widely applied to model various algebraic structures and computations. The dynamics of fuzzy measures in topological spaces having distributed monoid embeddings is an interesting topic in the presence of topological endomorphism. This paper presents the analysis of topological endomorphism and the properties of topological fuzzy measures in distributed monoid spaces. The topological space is considered to be Hausdorff and second countable in nature. The analysis of consistency of fuzzy measure in endomorphic topological spaces is formulated. The algebraic structures of endomorphic topological spaces having distributed cyclic monoids are constructed. The cyclic monoids contain specific generators, and a related cyclic topological endomorphism within the subspace is formulated. The analytical properties of fuzzy topological measures in the presence of cyclic topological endomorphism are presented. A comparative analysis of this proposed work with other related work in the domain is included.
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Dziura, Maksymilian, Basel Mansour, Mitchell DiPasquale, P. Charukeshi Chandrasekera, James W. Gauld, and Drew Marquardt. "Simulated Breathing: Application of Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Pulmonary Lung Surfactant." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (2021): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071259.
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In this review, we delve into the topic of the pulmonary surfactant (PS) system, which is present in the respiratory system. The total composition of the PS has been presented and explored, from the types of cells involved in its synthesis and secretion, down to the specific building blocks used, such as the various lipid and protein components. The lipid and protein composition varies across species and between individuals, but ultimately produces a PS monolayer with the same role. As such, the composition has been investigated for the ways in which it imposes function and confers peculiar biophysical characteristics to the system as a whole. Moreover, a couple of theories/models that are associated with the functions of PS have been addressed. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of pulmonary surfactant have been emphasized to not only showcase various group’s findings, but also to demonstrate the validity and importance that MD simulations can have in future research exploring the PS monolayer system.
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Barnard, Art, Thomas Pittz, and Jeff Vanevenhoven. "Entrepreneurship education in U.S. community colleges: a review and analysis." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 26, no. 2 (2019): 190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-06-2018-0178.
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PurposeOver the past 30 years, enrollment in entrepreneurship programming within community colleges has grown substantially. The two-year context poses unique challenges and opportunities for studying entrepreneurship, and the purpose of this paper is to use a narrative review approach to consider the vitality of entrepreneurship education in the community college system. This research captures and reflects key findings from the field and illuminates the current state of scholarship on entrepreneurship education in community colleges. Four key areas are highlighted that describe the primarily challenges and distinctiveness of entrepreneurship education in the community college setting: curricular effectiveness, emphasis, degree and non-degree programs. The general framework that emerges from this narrative review helps to identify gaps in the literature and provides a focal point for future studies.Design/methodology/approachA structured literature review methodology (Armitage and Keeble-Allen, 2008) was chosen for this study as the state of literature in the specific area of interest did not present general groupings of topics or activities. Given this lack of categorical clarity, the design was specifically focused on bringing together key groupings to provide a framework for further study. The specific methodology adopted standard SLR techniques in terms of article selection, choice and organization. No pre-conceived groupings were used as part of organization of information. The goal was to allow the disparate studies fall into natural categories as greater review and organization continued.FindingsDuring the authors’ review and analysis of the extant literature, four focal areas emerge that appear to create a general framework for explaining the important matters in community college entrepreneurial education. Those areas are: overall effectiveness, education emphasis, non-credit educational programs, and for-credit educational programs. The following discussion offers a starting point for future investigation. Figure 2 presents this paper’s advocacy arguments and a full literature review follows this initial framework.Originality/valueEntrepreneurship programs in universities have grown significantly over the last 30 years (Heriot and Simpson, 2007). In the early 1980s, approximately 300 schools had entrepreneurship and small business programs. By the 1990s, that number had increased to 1,050 schools and signaled the beginnings of rapid entrepreneurial education expansion (Solomon et al., 1994). By the early 2000s, entrepreneurship education had exploded to more than 1,600 schools offering over 2,200 courses including journals and mainstream trade publications as well as special issues devoted solely to entrepreneurship (Katz, 2003; in Kuratko, 2005). This growth trend has been mirrored in community colleges (DoBell and Ingle, 2009). Despite that growth, scholarship regarding entrepreneurship education in community colleges has been described as a “wild west” (Truit, 2017) highlighted by little communication or sharing of experiences or cooperative activities beyond limited partnerships both inside or outside of the community college. Existing studies tend to be scattered and practitioner-written while academic articles are often theoretical, focused more on entrepreneurial education in four-year universities and at times promote underspecified models of challenges community colleges face. Given the dearth of scholarly work in the domain, this review attempts to form a comprehensive classification of extant work in order to stimulate and direct future research in this domain. The goal is to provide a current “state of the literature” of entrepreneurial education in community colleges that shares findings, suggests potential areas of inquiry, and helps to structure research arguments. To accomplish this, in the spirit of Hammersley (2001) and Harvey and Moeller (2009), we present a descriptive, narrative review of entrepreneurship education in community colleges in order to gain a better understanding of its complexities.
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Garcia, Rebecca, Alvina Rahman, and Janette Gomos Klein. "Engaging Non–Science Majors in Biology, One Disease at a Time." American Biology Teacher 77, no. 3 (2015): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2015.77.3.5.
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We designed a human biology course that interests nonmajors while improving science literacy through student engagement, using a constructivist-inspired, topic-centered approach. This way of learning highlights common diseases that provide a basis to incorporate specific biological concepts. The topic-centered approach triggers interest and increases positive perceptions of learning science, and students find applicability in what they learn. In alignment with the Vision and Change report of AAAS, this course addresses the need to focus on connecting biology principles with real-world concerns, while incorporating students’ experiences into the learning process.
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Feng, Jian, Changtong Li, Yixiang Xu, Qian Zhang, Fang Wang, and Jianguo Cai. "Analysis of Key Elements of Truss Structures Based on the Tangent Stiffness Method." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (2020): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12061008.
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In recent years, the topic of progressive structural collapse has received more attention around the world, and the study of element importance is the key to studying progressive collapse resistance. However, there are many elements in truss structures, making it difficult to predict their importance. The global stiffness matrix contains the specific information of the structure and singularity of the matrix can reflect the safety status of the structure, so it is useful to evaluate the key elements based on the global stiffness matrix for truss structures. In this paper, according to the tangent stiffness-based method for the element importance, the square pyramid grid was chosen as an example, and the distribution rules of key elements under different support conditions, stiffness distributions, and geometric parameters were studied. Then, three common symmetric grid forms, i.e., diagonal square pyramid grids, biorthogonal lattice grids, and biorthogonal diagonal lattice grids, were selected to investigate their importance indices of elements. The principle in this work can be utilized in progressive collapse analysis and safety assessment for spatial truss structures.
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Teixeira, Luiz Antonio da Silva, and Luiz Alves Araújo Neto. "Still Controversial: Early Detection and Screening for Breast Cancer in Brazil, 1950–2010s." Medical History 64, no. 1 (2019): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2019.76.
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Mammographic screening for breast cancer is a widely used public health approach, but is constantly a subject of controversy. Medical and historical research on this topic has been mainly conducted in Western Europe and North America. In Brazil, screening mammography has been an open topic of discussion and a challenge for health care and public health since the 1970s. Effectively, Brazilian public health agencies never implemented a nationwide population-based screening programme for breast cancer, despite the pressures of many specific groups such as advocacy associations and the implementation of local programmes. This article examines the complex process of incorporating mammography as a diagnostic tool and the debates towards implementing screening programmes in Brazil. We argue that debates about screening for breast malignancies, especially those conducted in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, took place in a context of change and uncertainty in the Brazilian health field. These discussions were strongly affected both by tensions between the public and the private health care sectors during the formative period of a new Brazilian health system, and by the growing role of civil society actors. Our study investigates these tensions and their consequences. We use several medical sources that discussed the topic in Brazil, mainly specialised leading oncology journals published between 1950 and 2017, medical congress reports for the same period, books and theses, institutional documents and oral testimonies of health professionals, patients and associations collected in the framework of the ‘The History of Cancer’ project from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and Brazilian National Cancer Institute.
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Liu, Haiping, Yiqian Liu, Xiaochuan Zhang, and Xiaodong Wang. "Current Study of RhoA and Associated Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer." Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 15, no. 7 (2020): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x15666200330143958.
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Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth-most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 1.034 million new cases in 2015, and the third-highest cause of cancer deaths, estimated at 785,558, in 2014. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly affect the survival rate in patients with GC: the 5‐year survival rate of early GC reaches 90%‐95%, while the mortality rate significantly increases if GC develops to the late stage. Recently, studies for the role of RhoA in the diseases have become a hot topic, especially in the development of tumors. A study found that RhoA can regulate actin polymerization, cell adhesion, motor-myosin, cell transformation, and the ability to participate in the activities of cell movement, proliferation, migration, which are closely related to the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the specific role of RhoA in tumor cells remains to be studied. Therefore, our current study aimed to briefly review the role of RhoA in GC, especially for its associated signaling pathways involved in the GC progression.