Relevant bibliographies by topics / General biochemistry

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'General biochemistry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "General biochemistry"

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Fartushok, Tetiana V., Nadiia V. Fartushok, Yu M. Fedevych, and Vladyslav V. Pyndus. "HISTORY OF BIOCHEMISTRY IN LVIV." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 4 (2022): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202204124.

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The aim: The purpose of this literature review is to shed light on the development of biochemical knowledge in the Lviv region and on prominent figures in the development of biochemistry during the Second World War. Materials and methods: Review of literature published before 2020. We searched the literature using the search terms ‘biochemists’, ‘ Lviv National Medical University’, ‘second World War’. Conclusions: The development of biological research in Lviv can be divided into two historical stages: 1) from the beginning of the founding of Lviv University in 1661 to the First World War; 2) between the First and Second World Wars and after the Second World War. Biochemical research was initiated at the Medical Faculty of Lviv University. In 1939, the Lviv State Medical Institute was established on the basis of the Medical Faculty of the University, where a powerful department of biochemistry functioned, which was headed by a worldclass biochemist – Jakub Parnas.
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Wood, E. J. "General biochemistry (second edition)." Biochemical Education 17, no. 2 (April 1989): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(89)90041-1.

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Baron, D. N. "Ideas towards a General Theory of Clinical Biochemistry." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 23, no. 6 (November 1986): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328602300601.

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Clinical biochemistry, as an independent discipline within medical science, has developed its own body of theory and practice, and as such it cannot only be concerned with collecting observations. A simple report (plasma potassium=5·3 mmol/L*) is used as a model to discuss the problems of understanding measured chemical changes in the body in disease, and how these lead towards a general theory. These include the nature of the analysand and the reference base; accuracy and identification of the analyte; how disturbances of the steady state contribute to changes in a static result; the implications of precision; differences between activity, concentration and content; the convention of arithmetical concentration; and the meaning of ‘abnormal’, and of derived terms such as ‘predictive value’ and ‘decision level’. Clinical biochemists/chemical pathologists, with their understanding of all these and related problems, must act as the necessary bridge between analysts and clinicians.
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Cohen, Norman R. "Biochemistry and the general public." Biochemical Education 14, no. 2 (April 1986): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(86)90062-2.

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Fernández, Rolando Hernández, and Agustín Vicedo Tomey. "Use of general principles in teaching biochemistry." Biochemical Education 19, no. 4 (October 1991): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(91)90091-l.

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Danchin, A. "General principles of biochemistry of the elements." Biochimie 70, no. 3 (March 1988): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(88)90224-6.

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Bruce Martin, R. "General principles of biochemistry of the elements." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 13, no. 11 (November 1988): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(88)90223-x.

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Wolfson, Adele J., Susan L. Rowland, Gwendolyn A. Lawrie, and Anthony H. Wright. "Student conceptions about energy transformations: progression from general chemistry to biochemistry." Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 15, no. 2 (2014): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3rp00132f.

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Students commencing studies in biochemistry must transfer and build on concepts they learned in chemistry and biology classes. It is well established, however, that students have difficulties in transferring critical concepts from general chemistry courses; one key concept is “energy.” Most previous work on students' conception of energy has focused on their understanding of energy in the context of physics (including the idea of “work”) and/or their understanding of energy in classical physical and inorganic chemistry contexts (particularly Gibbs Free Energy changes, the second law of thermodynamics, and equilibrium under standard conditions within a closed system). For biochemistry, students must go beyond those basic thermodynamics concepts of work, standard energy changes, and closed systems, and instead they must consider what energy flow, use, and transformation mean in living, open, and dynamic systems. In this study we explored students' concepts about free energy and flow in biological chemical reactions and metabolic pathways by surveys and in-depth interviews. We worked with students in general chemistry classes and biochemistry courses in both an Australian and a US tertiary institution. We address three primary questions (i) What are the most common alternative conceptions held by students when they explain energy-related phenomena in biochemistry?, (ii) What information do students transfer from introductory chemistry and biology when they are asked to consider energy in a biological reaction or reaction pathway?, and (iii) How do students at varying levels of competence articulate their understandings of energy in pathways and biological reactions? The answers to these questions are used to build a preliminary learning progression for understanding “energy” in biochemistry. We also propose crucial elements of content knowledge that instructors could apply to help students better grasp this threshold concept in biochemistry.
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Ngai, Courtney, and Hannah Sevian. "Probing the Relevance of Chemical Identity Thinking in Biochemical Contexts." CBE—Life Sciences Education 17, no. 4 (December 2018): ar58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-12-0271.

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The solving of problems in biochemistry often uses concepts from multiple disciplines such as chemistry and biology. Chemical identity (CI) is a foundational concept in the field of chemistry, and the knowledge, thinking, and practices associated with CI are used to answer the following questions: “What is this substance?” and “How is it different from other substances?” In this study, we examined the relevance of CI in biochemical contexts and first explored the ways in which practicing biochemists consider CI relevant in their work. These responses informed the development of creative exercises (CEs) given to second-­semester biochemistry students. Analysis of the student responses to these CEs revealed that students incorporated precursors to CI thinking in more than half of their responses, which were categorized by seven previously identified themes of CI relevant to the presented biochemical contexts. The prevalence of these precursors in student responses to the CEs, coupled with the examples provided by practicing biochemists of contexts in which CI is relevant, indicate that CI thinking is relevant for both students training to be biochemists and practicing biochemists.
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Hunter, Tony. "My biochemical journey from a Cambridge undergraduate to the discovery of phosphotyrosine." Biochemist 43, no. 6 (December 23, 2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio_2021_197.

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The most notable moment in my career as a biochemist was the discovery of phosphotyrosine, a somewhat serendipitous finding that turned out to have some very important consequences, notably, in human cancer. My career as a biochemist which has spanned nearly 60 years, began when I was 16. At the time, I was in the sixth form at Felsted School, a boarding school in Essex England, and my biology master, David Sturdy, elected to teach me some extracurricular biochemistry, giving me one-on-one tutorials on glycolysis and the TCA cycle. These early biochemistry lessons turned out to be invaluable because I was able to regurgitate them to answer a question in the University of Cambridge scholarship exam in the autumn of 1960. As a result, I was lucky enough to be awarded an Exhibition at Gonville and Caius College, the college where my father had studied for a medical degree during World War II. When I arrived in Cambridge in October 1962 to read natural sciences (see Figure 1), it was a natural choice to take biochemistry as one of my three required first-year courses. The Part I biochemistry course was taught by a series of excellent lecturers, including Philip Randle (a prominent diabetes researcher who described the Randle Cycle), Brian Chappell (who discovered mitochondrial transporters) and Asher Korner (a pioneer of cell free systems to study protein synthesis). It quickly became clear that biochemistry was an exciting subject, and Brian Chappell, my biochemistry supervisor at Caius, made supervisions a lot of fun. I also took Part I courses in invertebrate zoology and, importantly, organic chemistry, which gave me insights into how the metabolites we were learning about in biochemistry worked as chemicals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General biochemistry"

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Ricketts, David John. "Reconfiguration and modernisation of a district general hospital clinical biochemistry service." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516885.

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Context: The clinical biochemistry department at the North Middlesex University Hospital successfully won funding under the pathology modernisation initiative to automate the core laboratory in 2000. Following procurement procedures, the contract was awarded to two vendors who offered an 'islands of automation' solution as opposed to the popular fully tracked solution. The automation was installed with minor process change, but process reviews occurring in 2003 with the advent of Lean Six Sigma. Methods: The Executive War College meeting in 2003 introduced new quality management tools Lean, Six Sigma and activity-based costing, to the pathology environment. These methods were incorporated into the clinical biochemistry department and the impact of these was studied over a five year period to assess if any additional benefit could be offered when compared to the implementation of automation on its own. The later being introduced using traditional process management methodology. The process review expanded to include the specimen reception area, as delays at this point had a major impact on the performance of the automated laboratory. Results: Introduction of process management tools improved turn around time for key indicators by as much as 50%, compared to automation alone, whilst removing the variation in time to result due to the pull system of samples setting a defined time for samples to arrive for analysis. The total laboratory space for clinical biochemistry was reduced by 32% allowing for the formation of a molecular laboratory and increasing the sample reception area by 133%. The avoided build cost to extend the department for these works was £265,500 .. The value added activity post process change was scored at 17.21 % which was an international best for laboratories who had been assessed using this tool. Using benchmarking data, £1,350,000 of avoided costs, in the year 2007-8, were calculated as a result of the changes made to the service. A staff survey of the changes supported the change process with positive feedback. Automation of request forms using electronic ordering show a dramatic improvement on quality compared to the hand written forms, which had a Sigma level of between 2 and 3, improving to 4.1 Sigma when the electronic requesting went live. ii Conclusion: All process tools strongly recommend taking a baseline reading of the data before making any change, this recommendation was verified as a must in this study. The advent of automation proved very popular with the staff as it removed repetitive functions and made some manual processes obsolete, thus improving morale. The impact of automation however did not improve significantly the turnaround times, but enabled sample archiving and retrieval to be less prone to error. The study found that by aligning the work processes in specimen reception to those processes in the clinical biochemistry department, this created the major benefit. Therefore a strong recommendation is that process managing of specimen reception areas is a must before undertaking any purchase of automated systems. Any delay in the laboratory is minor compared to the potential for delay that poor process can give in the pre-analytical phase. Benchmarking allowed a year on year comparison to be made, but the study highlighted the need to drill into the data and understand the service change when looking at cost per unit. This allowed the return on investment for the new technology to be assessed, in this study the return was realised in eighteen months. Benchmarking highlighted that the quality improvement that new assays provided to patient care impacted marginally on the test volumes but had a 15% impact on the non-pay budget. The use of activity-based costing compliments both Lean and Six Sigma by allowing the true cost of the work to be assessed with both value adding activity and avoided cost, the money not spent as opposed to direct cost cuts, to be calculated. The activitybased costing allowed staff to focus their jobs onto those tasks which were appropriate to their grade and identify and reduce those tasks which were not, improving job satisfaction and morale. Avoiding cost through good process change has a positive impact on both the patient and the budget, which cannot be achieved by cost improvement programmes based on a percentage change in the money allocated to the department.
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Walshaw, David L. "The general amino acid permease of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283765.

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de, Oliveira Jose T. A. "Seed lectins : the effects of dietary Phaseolus vulgaris lectins on the general metabolism of monogastric animals." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU367276.

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Rats, mice, pigs, quails, chickens, steers and even some insects are unable to grow properly and in some cases die when fed on diets containing raw kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Although this problem has been extensively studied the precise mechanism of the interference of dietary antinutritional factors with the growth and health of these animals or insects is still not completely understood. In the present work, the toxic effects of the purified kidney bean globulin lectins upon the general metabolism of the rats were studied. The results of the experiments indicated that both qualitatively and quantitatively most of the deleterious effects of raw kidney bean feeding to rats could be accounted for by the inclusion of the pure lectin into nutritionally adequate semi-synthetic diets based on high-quality proteins such as egg albumin. These effects included: (a) a drastic depletion of storage lipid and glycogen and loss of body protein. (The rate of the catabolism of lipids was considerably higher than that of any other body constituent.); (b) a large loss of skeletal muscle (indicated by the change of muscle mass and atrophy of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles); (c) enlargement of the small intestine, liver and pancreas and involution of the thymus; (d) increased excretion of faecal and urinary nitrogen with a consequently poor nitrogen retention; (e) increased 3-hydroxybutyrate output, and (f) changes in blood concentrations of pancreatic hormones. The magnitude of most of these effects was dependent upon the dietary concentrations of kidney bean globulin lectins (PHA). Thus the extent of the depletion of body lipid and glycogen, loss of muscle, enlargement of the small intestine, liver and pancreas, the extent of the thymus atrophy as well as the increased faecal and urinary nitrogen and increased urinary 3-hydroxybutyrate outputs were shown to be directly correlated with the dietary PHA concentration. In contrast to the deleterious effects of fully active, native PHA, the aggregated lectin preparation (UPHA) did not cause any significant antinutritional effects. The overall results indicated that raw kidney bean is toxic mainly because of its lectin constituent and that local (gut) and systemic adverse reactions caused by PHA account for most of the deleterious effects of this potentially important source of dietary protein for animals and humans.
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Kaya, Yasemin. "Study of the baiE Gene in Bile Acid 7α-Dehydroxylating Bacteria." TopSCHOLAR®, 1998. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/315.

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Intestinal bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria have recently been implicated in cholesterol allstone disease. Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708, a bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacterium, contains multiple bile acid inducible (bai) genes which encode the enzymes responsible for bile acid 7a-dehydroxylation. The baiE gene encodes a bile acid dehydratase activity in Eubacterium sp.V.P.I. 12708. Using the polymerase chain reaction assay we determined the presence or absence of baiE-like genes in five clostridial bile-acid 7α-dehydroxylating strains: Clostridium sp. TO-931, Clostridium sp. HD-17, Clostridium sp. TN-271, Clostridium bifermentans 1-55, and Clostridium sordellii ATCC 9714. Results from all the strains tested showed amplification at the predicted DNA fragment size. Partial DNA sequence analysis of the amplified baiE-like genes revealed 88-95% homology with the baiE gene of Eubacterium sp.V.P.I. 12708. These data suggest that baiE-like genes are present in the five bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating strains studied.
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Jensen, Drake. "Functional Analysis of Calmodulin's Calcium Dependent Inactivation of Orai1." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1589551.

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Calmodulin (CaM) plays an important role in calcium (Ca2+)-dependent signal transduction. Ca2+ binding to CaM triggers a conformational change, forming a hydrophobic patch that is important for target protein recognition. CaM regulates a Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) process in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), by interacting with the N-terminus of the hexameric plasma membrane Ca2+ channel Orai1. To understand the relationship between Ca2+-induced hydrophobicity of CaM and the CaM/Orai interaction, chimera proteins constructed by exchanging EF-hands of CaM with those of Troponin C (TnC) were used as an informative probe to better understand the functionality of each EF-hand. ANS was used to assess the context of the induced hydrophobic surface on CaM and chimeras upon Ca2+ binding. The exchanged EF-hands from TnC to CaM resulted in reduced hydrophobicity compared with wild-type CaM, as depicted by ANS fluorescence and binding affinity. Such a conclusion is consistent with general concepts about the inadequacy of hydrophobic exposure for chimeras. However, such ANS responses exhibited no correlation with the ability to interact with Orai1. ANS lifetime measurements indicated that there are two types of ANS molecules with rather distinct fluorescence lifetimes, each specifically corresponding to one lobe of CaM or chimeras. Thermodynamic studies indicated the interaction between CaM and a 24-residue peptide corresponding to the CaM-binding domain of Orail1 (Orai-CMBD) is a 1:2 CaM/Orai-CMBD binding, in which each peptide binding yields a similar enthalpy change (ΔH = − 5.02 ± 0.13 kcal/mol) and binding affinity (Ka = 8.92 ± 1.03 x 105 M−1). With the exchanged EF1 and EF2, the resulting chimeras noted as CaM(1TnC) and CaM(2TnC), displayed a two sequential binding mode with a one-order weaker binding affinity and lower ?H than that of CaM, while CaM(3TnC) and CaM(4TnC) had similar binding thermodynamics as CaM. Circular Dichroism studies suggested differences in binding most likely resulted from changes in chimera three-dimensional structure rather than secondary structure, as the extent of ?-helical content from apo-, Ca2+-, and Orai-CMBD-bound proteins remained similar. The dissociation rate constant for CaM/Orai-CMBD was determined to be 1.41 ± 0.08 s−1 by rapid kinetics. Stern-Volmer plots of Orai-CMBD Trp76, indicated that the residue is located in a very hydrophobic environment but becomes more solvent accessible when EF1 and EF2 were exchanged. Here, the model of 1:2 binding stoichiometry of CaM/Orai-CMBD established in solution supports the unique, open binding mode suggested by already published structural studies.

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Othman, Fatmah. "Epidemiology of proton pump inhibitors therapy : an examination of the use and safety in general practice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42399/.

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Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become the cornerstone of medical treatment for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. To date, there is a distinct lack of understanding about the recent UK trends in PPI use and evidence about the association between the increased risk of these drugs and the potential adverse effects, in particular the risk of infection, remains questionable. The publication of contradictory findings in several research studies further compounds this situation. Aim and Objectives: This thesis aimed to examine the epidemiology of PPI use in general practices in the UK, and the side effects of PPI, mainly their proposed infective complications. The specific objectives were: • To determine the prevalence and pattern of PPI prescription, and to identify the practices employed to reduce PPI use in the UK general population. • To examine the risk of community-acquired pneumonia before and after the administration of PPI and to assess whether unmeasured confounding explains this association. • To determine whether the mechanism by which PPIs induce an increased risk of infection is supported by the same mechanism acting in another cause of achlorhydria, pernicious anaemia. Methods: This thesis describes work conducted using the UK’s Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD) and, for some studies in this project, a subset of the CPRD linked to the hospital records from the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) database. Firstly, the CPRD was used to estimate the annual prevalence of PPI use during the period 1990-2013. In this study, new users of PPI therapy who had five years of follow-up data were identified to describe patterns of cessation and duration of PPI use. Secondly, cohort (analysed using Cox regression and prior event rate ratio) and self-controlled case series studies were conducted to examine the risk of community-acquired pneumonia and PPI exposure. Thirdly, a cohort of pernicious anaemia patients was used to estimate the risk of infections (community-acquired pneumonia and Clostridium difficile infection) compared to controls to examine whether a reduction in gastric acidity might be the underlying mechanism of the increased risk of these infections. Findings: 1) There was a considerable increase in the administration of PPI prescriptions in UK general practice such that both the period and point prevalence of PPI use increased between 1990 and 2012 (period prevalence increased from 0.2% to 14.8% and point prevalence from 0.03 % to 7.7%). Of new users of PPI therapy, 27% used PPI therapy over a long-term basis (≥1 year continuously), while 4% remained on PPI therapy for five years. Clear attempts to step down the dosage were identified in 41% of long-term users. 2) Among 320, 000 patients, including 160 ,000 new PPI users, the risk of community-acquired pneumonia was 1.67 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.55 to 1.79) times higher for patients exposed to PPIs than it was for the controls. Among the 48,451 PPI-exposed patients with a record of community-acquired pneumonia, the relative incidence rate ratio was 1.19 (95%CI 1.14 to 1.25) in the 30 days after a PPI prescription but was higher in the 30 days before a PPI prescription (1.92, 95%CI 1.84 to 2.00). This reduction in the increased risk in PPI users after prescription was also reflected in the prior event rate of 0.91 (95%CI 0.83 to 0.99). 3) A total of 45,467 pernicious anaemia patients were identified and matched to 449,635 controls. Patients with a pernicious anaemia diagnosis had a higher risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia than the control group (adjusted hazard ratio(HR)1.24, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.26); however, this risk decreased when a stricter definition of pernicious anaemia was applied, and the data was further restricted to incident diagnosis. The findings also suggest that pernicious anaemia patients have a 57% increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (adjusted HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.40 -1.76) and this association persisted when we limited the analysis to a subgroup with a more restrictive definition of pernicious anaemia diagnosis, or to incident cases. Conclusions: This research revealed that there was a high prevalence of PPI prescribing in the primary care setting and that there are considerable opportunities available to reduce the cost and side effects of PPI use through improving adherence to recommended withdrawal strategies. In addition, the studies investigating the proposed infective complications of PPI use on which we focussed in this thesis add important data to the development of a safety profile of PPI use.
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Chu, Clement SM. "Towards the structure of yeast prions." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390039.

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Thomas, Veena Lily. "The structural bases of stability-function tradeoffs inantibiotic resistance enzymes." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390102.

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Erciyas, Bailey F. Pinar. "Structural determinants of protein dynamics, cooperativity and kinetic stability in alpha-lytic protease." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3398876.

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Heitner, Tara. "Bi- and tripolar phospholipid interfaces : characterization and interaction with proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/NQ44451.pdf.

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Books on the topic "General biochemistry"

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General organic & biochemistry. [Belmont, CA]: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2007.

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Denniston, K. J. General, organic, and biochemistry. 7th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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J, Topping Joseph, and Caret Robert L, eds. General, organic, and biochemistry. 4th ed. Boston [etc.]: McGraw-Hill higher education, 2004.

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J, Topping Joseph, and Caret Robert L. 1947-, eds. General, organic, and biochemistry. 6th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Denniston, K. J. General, organic, and biochemistry. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 2011.

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P, Rogers Elizabeth, ed. General, organic, and biochemistry. 3rd ed. Monterey, Calif: Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1987.

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J, Topping Joseph, and Caret Robert L. 1947-, eds. General, organic, and biochemistry. 7th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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J, Topping Joseph, Woodrum Kim 1963-, and Caret Robert L. 1947-, eds. General, organic, and biochemistry. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2014.

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J, Topping Joseph, and Caret Robert L. 1947-, eds. General, organic, and biochemistry. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2004.

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Denniston, K. J. General, organic, and biochemistry. 7th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "General biochemistry"

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Chard, Tim, and Richard Lilford. "General Physiology and Biochemistry." In Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 63–89. London: Springer London, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3327-8_3.

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Chard, Tim, and Richard Lilford. "General Physiology and Biochemistry." In MRCOG Part I, 38–48. London: Springer London, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3335-3_3.

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Chard, Tim, and Richard Lilford. "General Physiology and Biochemistry." In Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 69–93. London: Springer London, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3340-7_3.

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Chard, Tim, and Richard Lilford. "General Physiology and Biochemistry." In Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 69–93. London: Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3372-8_3.

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Chard, Tim, and Richard Lilford. "General Physiology and Biochemistry." In MRCOG Part I, 42–52. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3884-6_3.

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Chard, Tim, and Richard Lilford. "General Physiology and Biochemistry." In Basic Sciences for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 69–92. London: Springer London, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0595-4_3.

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Faye, Bernard, and Mohammed Bengoumi. "General Conclusion." In Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology, 343–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95562-9_10.

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Alais, C., and G. Linden. "General observations on the composition of foodstuffs." In Food Biochemistry, 13–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2119-8_1.

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Molière, Noël, and Kürşad Turgay. "General and Regulatory Proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 73–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5940-4_4.

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Williams, R. J. P. "General Introduction." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 121 - Silicon Biochemistry, 1–3. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470513323.ch1.

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Conference papers on the topic "General biochemistry"

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Fardilha, Margarida, and Magda Carvalho Henriques. "How to motivate students to learn Metabolic Biochemistry in a Biomedical Sciences curricula." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9315.

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Teaching methodologies used in biochemistry classes at the University level are traditionally dependent on theorical classes. The assessment is usually based on written tests performed at the end of the semester. However, most students who learn metabolism by this traditional method consider the study of metabolic biochemistry a terrifying and unforgettable experience. Understanding biochemical metabolic pathways was the proposed goal of the Medical Biochemistry curricular unit. To this end, the multi-method active learning approach was used in order to increase students’ motivation towards the learning process and to allow the development of skills associated with group conflict resolution, critical thinking and communication skills. Overall, students and learning facilitators were highly motivated by the diversity of learning activities, particularly due to the emphasis on correlating theoretical knowledge with human health and disease. As a quality control exercise, the students were asked to answer a questionnaire on their evaluation of the teaching/learning experience. Thus, the initial analysis of the student’s perception questionnaires permits to conclude that the approach undertaken yields results that surpass the traditional teaching methods. Investing in preparing attractive and motivating classes increases students and teacher’s general satisfaction and the learning/teaching process becomes more efficient.
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Gao-Du, Yuxiang, Laura Burke, Kamrudeen Mohammed, and Lynsey Corless. "PTH-091 Non-invasive screening reveals high rates of fibrosis in diabetic/obese patients with NAFLD and normal biochemistry." In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 4–7 June 2018, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-bsgabstracts.247.

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Rumyantsev, Yegor Y., Tatiana I. Okonenko, Kseniya Y. Kartysheva, Galina A. Antropova, and Svetlana V. Merbakh. "Biomarkers of clinical course in covid-19 patients with cardiovascular comorbidity." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.vyxd9415.

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A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) tends to have severe course in patients with cardiovascular disease, with routine laboratory tests predicting adverse outcomes in such patients. The results of studies of interplaying factors are contradictory and require further investigation. The aim was to analyze the parameters of general blood analysis, inflammatory response, cholesterol and hemostasis in the groups of patients who underwent COVID-19-associated pneumonia with cardiovascular comorbidity. The study was conducted in Veliky Novgorod from December 2020 to April 2022 during inpatient treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19-associated novel coronavirus infection. We analyzed 108 case histories of patients. The patient’s data was divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 86 patients with cardiovascular diseases at the time of admission. The control group consisted of 22 patients without concomitant cardiovascular diseases. The data of general blood analysis, biochemistry and hemostasis were assessed on the day of admission and on the day of discharge. Results. Average bed-days of patients with cardiovascular pathology were longer than in the control group; in addition, there was a correlation of the duration of hospitalization and CRP level with the initial level of total cholesterol. Also, positive correlation of CRP level with blood fibrinogen content was found, which was more expressed in patients with cardiovascular comorbidity. Conclusions. The results of our study, in general, do not contradict the results accumulated in the world. Those findings should be compared with other studies and to monitor COVID-19 disease trends.
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Kang, Kai, and Rene Chevray. "A Numerical Case Study of Fluid Mixing in Microchannels: The Electro-Osmotic Driven Micro-Mixer." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2004-2411.

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Flow in microchannels is usually slow and the mixing of several fluids is poor if only relying on diffusion. A microchannel mixer with a simple design that is capable of rapid mixing is important for practical applications such as biochemistry analysis. In this study, a general numerical approach to analyze microchannel flow is proposed. The method is based on numerical particle tracking and computer graphics techniques. As a case study, an electro-osmotic driven microchannel mixer is considered with four geometric configurations. The microchannel has a repeated oblique-angled stripe pattern of zeta potential coatings on its floor. The comparison of the particle residence time distributions gives some indication of the mixers’ performances. The efficiency of mixing two flow streams at Pe´clet numbers 2 × 105 and 2 × 104 is then evaluated using the developed procedure. The results indicate that the stripe length ratio is one of the parameters that can be optimized for better mixing. Of the three stripe length ratios evaluated, the configuration with the stripe length ratio 2.0 is found to be the best. In addition, this case study demonstrates that the developed numerical technique is suitable for expeditious parametric optimization of mixer design.
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Pizzolato, Morgana, and Filipe Medeiros Albano. "Nonconformities Analysis According to ISO/IEC 17025 in Brazil." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.36.

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This paper presents the analysis of nonconformities found in auditing of testing and calibration laboratories in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025. This International Standard specifies the general requirements for the competence to carry out tests and/or calibrations. It covers testing and calibration performed using standard methods, non-standard methods, and laboratory-developed methods. The auditing was conducted by auditors from Rede Metrológica RS (RMRS). The RMRS is a nonprofit association of technical and scientific nature that acts as an articulator in metrology and quality in Brazil. The main objective of this research was to identify the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements that have a higher number of non-conformities. We collected data on laboratory auditing performed in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 years that represent about 500 laboratories audits. The data analyses were conducted clustering the laboratories by calibration and test area, by ISO/IEC 17025 requirements and by year. The areas of calibration laboratories were: acoustic; length, electricity, force, torque and hardness, mass, optical, pressure, flow and level, temperature and humidity, time and frequency, viscosity, volume. The areas of testing laboratories were: chemistry and physical chemistry, microbiological, biological and toxicological, mechanical and biochemistry. In the analysis were considered separately the percentages of non-conformities in technical and management requirements and also joint. Among the technical requirements with the highest number of non-conformities are Test and calibration methods and method validation (5.4) and Measurement traceability (5.6). Among the management requirements are Document control (4.3) and Control of records (4.13). Was also possible to identify which area of calibration or test showed a higher number of non-conformities. The calibration areas that had the highest number of non-conformities were pressure, flow and level, temperature and humidity and length. The testing areas that had the highest number of non-conformities were chemistry and physical chemistry and microbiological. Finally, one can see the trend of nonconformities in assessments of laboratories in accordance with the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements using the result of five years.
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Ugaz, Victor M. "Harnessing Chaotic Flow Effects in Microscale Natural Convection to Achieve Accelerated Biochemistry." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73212.

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The lack of rapid, affordable, and easy to use medical diagnostic technologies is a critical issue confronting global public health. A major challenge to these efforts lies in the design of instrumentation used to perform a key step in the analysis. This step, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), involves a sequence of thermally activated biochemical processes that selectively replicate well-defined sub regions within a longer DNA strand. Although PCR is generally considered to be a mature technology from a biochemical standpoint, many limitations are still imposed by the highly inefficient design of conventional PCR thermocycling hardware that is slow, expensive, and consumes considerable electrical power to repeatedly heat and cool the reagent mixture. Here we describe an alternative thermocycling approach that has the potential to addresses these needs by harnessing thermally driven natural convection to perform rapid DNA amplification via the PCR. A buoyancy driven instability is induced within a confined volume of fluid by imposing a spatial temperature gradient. Under the right conditions (fluid properties, geometry, temperature gradient, etc.) a stable circulatory flow pattern can be established that will repeatedly transport PCR reagents through temperature zones associated with each stage of the reaction. The inherently simple design (similar in principle to a lava lamp) and minimal electrical power consumption make this approach well-suited for use in portable applications. We also describe our computational and experimental studies of the flow fields established within convective thermocycling reactors, revealing a rich complexity not found in most steady laminar flows. These complexities arise because, under the thermal conditions associated with PCR, the nature of the buoyancy driven instabilities that initiate and sustain motion make it necessary to operate in a transition regime associated with the onset of convective turbulence. These unique characteristics can be harnessed to guide the design of new devices capable of generating optimal conditions for ultra-rapid PCR replication.
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Widyaningrum, Diyah Ayu, Titik Wijayanti, As’ad Syamsul Arifin, Erfitra Rezqi Prasmala, Nikmatul Iza, Nila Kartika Sari, Nuril Hidayati, et al. "Empowering students’ generic science skill through search, solve, create and share (SSCS) learning models with video media in biochemistry." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (ICoMSE) 2020: Innovative Research in Science and Mathematics Education in The Disruptive Era. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0043443.

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Ruberté, Lissette M., Raghu Natarajan, and Gunnar B. J. Andersson. "Biomechanical Effect of Lumbar Disc Degeneration Under Flexion/Extension: A Finite Element Model Study." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176190.

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Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a progressive pathological condition observed in 60 to 80% of the population [1]. It involves changes in both the biochemistry and morphology of the intervertebral disc and is associated with chronic low back pain, sciatica and adult scoliosis [2,3]. The most accepted theory of the effects of DDD on the kinematics of the spine is that proposed by Kirkaldy-Willis and Farfan which states that the condition initiates as a temporary dysfunction, followed by instability and then re-stabilization as the disease progresses [4]. Although there is no clear relationship between disc degeneration and the mechanical behavior of the lumbar spine, abnormal motion patterns either in the form of increased motion or erratic motion have been reported from studies on human cadaveric motion segments [5,6]. To date however no study has looked at how disc degeneration affects the adjacent segment mechanics. IN vivo testing is difficult for these purposes given that specimens are generally obtained from people at the later stages of life and consequently often display multiple pathologies. A finite element model is a viable alternative to study the mechanics of the segments adjacent to the diseased disc. It is hypothesized that moderate degeneration at one level will alter the kinematics of the whole lumbar spine.
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Souchelnytskyi, Serhiy. "Systemic properties of Carcinogenesis: Lessons from studies on the Earth and in the Space." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0118.

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proteins and genes act in coordinated ways, and their relations are visualized as networks. Networks are more accurate descriptions of cancer regulatory mechanisms, in comparison to lists of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. To extract essential regulators (nodes) and connections (edges), interrogations of these networks are performed, e.g. cancer cells are subjected to different treatments. Interrogations force cancer cells to engage nodes and edges essential for maintaining cancer properties, i.e. drivers, and nonessential followers. The challenge is to discriminate which of the mechanisms drive tumorigenesis, and which are followers. Interrogation of cancer cells under variable g-forces is the treatment to which cancer cells are not normally exposed. Therefore, low (weightlessness) and high (acceleration) g-forces may trigger responses, which may differ in part of followers from responses on the Earth, but still engage carcinogenesis-essential drivers nodes and edges. Methodology: Experimental interrogation of human cancer cells to generate carcinogenesis-related regulatory networks was performed by using proteomics, cell biology, biochemistry, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics tools. We used also reported datasets deposited in various databases. These networks were analyzed with algorithms to extract drivers of carcinogenesis. Results: Systemic analysis of human breast carcinogenesis has shown mechanisms of engagement of all known cancer hallmarks. Moreover, novel hallmarks have emerged, e.g. involvement of mechanisms of virus-cell interaction and RNA/miR processing. The breast cancer networks are rich, with >6,000 involved proteins and genes. The richness of the networks may explain many clinical observations, e.g. personalized response to treatments. Systemic analysis highlighted novel opportunities for treatment of cancer, by identifying key nodes of known and novel hallmark mechanisms. Systemic properties of the cancer network provides an opportunity to study compensatory mechanisms. These compensatory mechanisms frequently contribute to development of resistance to treatment. These mechanisms will be discussed. Cancer cells are not “wired” to function in weightlessness. The cells would have to adapt. This adaptation will include preserving mechanisms driving carcinogenesis, in addition to the space-only-related adaptation. Key carcinogenesis regulators in the space would be the same as on the Earth, while “passenger”-mechanisms would differ. Systems biology allows integration of a space- and the Earth-data, and would extract key regulators, and, subsequently lead to better diagnostic. Conclusion: Systemic analysis of carcinogenesis studies with different ways of interrogation delivered better diagnostic and novel modalities of treatment.
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Schulte, Henning, Gunnar Brink, Robin Gruna, Reinhard Herzog, and Heinrich Grüger. "Utilization of spectral signatures of food for daily use." In OCM 2015 - 2nd International Conference on Optical Characterization of Materials. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000044906-4.

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The analysis of spectral signatures of materials is an established technology in biochemistry and analytical chemistry. This includes the identification of different materials and some of their ingredients. A common method used is optical spectroscopy. Optical spectroscopy refers to the visible effects caused by the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. Because each element has its own specific energy reflection within different wavelengths, the identification of materials or material families is generally possible. With respect to the availability of sensors, the greatest opportunity for the broad use of this technology is expected in the wavelength of NIR. Given the complexity of reliable identification and verification of spectral signatures of a product, the three aspects that must be minimally considered are as follows: the product itself, the necessary sensors, and the evaluation of the obtained data. Special attention must be paid to the measurement itself, the reflection of the material, and the calibration of the measurement arrangement. There is information available about organic and inorganic products and their spectral reflection within near infrared (NIR). Within our focus of research, existing information related to food is mostly about products and their quality, especially, microbial spoilage, freshness, and ripening. Meat, fruits, and dairy are the most analyzed products in this wavelength region. The quantity of sugar, carbohydrates, and fat is essential for the investigations related to nutrients in a product. The major trend in the area of sensors (for optical spectroscopic measurements) is the miniaturization and integration of functions, separating out expensive assembly needs. On the other hand, there is a need for increasing performance. Resolution and wavelength have to match the applied chemometric models with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The availability of new, better, and cheaper spectral sensors will directly influence the market of automated sorting technology. The current focus is on simple and standardized solutions that use sensor technology within the wavelength of visible light. Chinese manufacturers, especially, play an increasingly important role in this development. To gain all this new scientific knowledge, a broad, sophisticated community of scientists with their institutes is necessary. All of them are connected via a global virtual science network. A key question is an understanding of the primary drivers and the outlook for a future infrastructure. Besides spectral information, one way to gain additional information about products is to combine them, e.g., with volume knowledge.
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Reports on the topic "General biochemistry"

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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff, and Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.

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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.
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