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Journal articles on the topic 'General contractor'
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1
Alsugair, Abdullah M., and Mansour M. Abuthnain. "Assessment of Government Contractor Classification System in Saudi Arabia." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.345.
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This paper presents results of a study to assess the Government Contractor Classification System in Saudi Arabia. Contract award procedures in public projects of Saudi Arabia are accomplished in two steps. The first one involves qualifying contractors to insure that their technical, financial, and managerial capabilities are suitable for the project to be awarded. This qualification is accomplished by the Contractor Classification Agency- Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs- in which the contractor is classified according to his specialty and capabilities. In the second step, bids of the contractors who satisfy the required classification are evaluated to select the best bid. Since the contractor classification is the only screening method to disqualify incompetent contractors and the difficulty of dismissing a qualified contractor who submits the lowest bid, the contractor classification must be an actual measure for the contractor's capabilities. To assess the contractor classification system a questionnaire has been prepared and distributed to the project mangers in different public ministries and agencies. The number of distributed questionnaire was 250 and 198 were collected and used in this study. In order to conduct an objective evaluation, a comparison has been conducted between performance of contractors who are awarded projects based on the contractor classification only with performance of contractors who are awarded projects based on the contractor classification and an additional prequalification by the project owner. Also, Chi-squared test was used to verify the cause of the difference in results of using these two types of prequalification. Results of the study reveal that the contractor classification system does not properly reflect the contractors’ capabilities.
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Rustandi, Dedi, and Tukas Shilul Imaroh. "ANALYSIS FUZZY AHP FOR OPTIMIZATION CONTRACTOR SELECTION USING MULTI-CRITERIA IN DETERMINING THE BEST ALTERNATIVE CONTRACTOR." Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 2, no. 6 (August 20, 2021): 899–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v2i6.959.
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Using inappropriate criteria in contractor’s selection can lead to the failure of a construction project. This study aims to provide an optimal solution for contractor selection using multi-criteria. The criteria were obtained from previous research and concluded in the Focus Group Discussion. The analytical method used is Fuzzy-AHP, involving 14 experts who are registered contractors in the Company who have good performance and the contractor selection process involves a Tender Committee consisting of 5 appointed employees. The conclusion of this study shows that the criteria and weights that can be used for contractor selection are 35% bid, 22% technical ability, 13% financial ability, 11% reputation, 10% management ability and the last safety management with a weight of 9%. Each criterion has sub-criteria indicators with a total of 41 sub-criteria. Result of the consistency ratio below 10%. The conclusion contractor selection analysis using multi-criteria can screen the best contractor.
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Arteti, Novi, Syafwandi ., and Budi Susetyo. "Factors affecting the continuation of contractor participation in the tender process for the construction services project at the center for policy research and development and application of technology – research and development agency ministry of pub." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.30594.
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The application of new technology as a result of research and development carried out by the Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing is one of the efforts for technological needs in infrastructure development. The implementation of technology implementation activities still faces many obstacles, one of which is the tender process. Project Characteristics Factors, Capability of Contractors and Application of New Technology can influence whether the contractor will continue or stop the tender process. This research is based on a sample of respondents from related parties including goods / service providers (contractors), work owners and groups of goods / services procurement units. The results of the data obtained were analyzed with the partial least-squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The analysis shows that the ability of the Contractor has the greatest influence on the Tender Process. This means that the contractor's resources are the main force to carry out the project so that it is not too dependent on other parties. Thus, it can be concluded that the consideration of ownership of the contractor's resources becomes a factor for the contractor to continue the tender process that he follows by making an offer. Because with its capital and equipment, the contractor will be able to offer more efficiently.
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Awad, Adel, and Aminah Robinson Fayek. "Contractor default prediction model for surety bonding1This paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue on Construction Engineering and Management." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 9 (September 2012): 1027–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-028.
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Contractor default is one of the major risks that threaten a project’s success in the construction industry. Previous studies have focused mainly on evaluation of the contractor’s financial aspects to predict contractor default. There remains a need for a comprehensive model that has the ability to incorporate the evaluation of all the project aspects, project team, contractual risks, and project management evaluation criteria to predict the possibility of a contractor’s default on a specific construction project. This paper presents a contractor default prediction model (CDPM) from the surety bonding perspective that incorporates these criteria and uses a fuzzy inference system for reasoning. The CDPM provides a more objective, structured, and comprehensive approach for contractor default prediction for surety practitioners, project owners, and for self-assessment by contractors to reduce the risk of contractor default. The multi-attribute utility function was used to develop a group consensus system (GCS) to aggregate the participating experts’ opinions to build the CDPM. The accuracy of the GCS was found to be 91.1%. A novel approach for fuzzy rule base development is applied to develop the rule base for the CDPM. The CDPM was validated using 30 contractor default prediction cases, and the accuracy was found to be 86.5%.
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Yu, Vincent F., Fu-Yuan Chiang, Thi Huynh Anh Le, and Shih-Wei Lin. "Using the ISM Method to Analyze the Relationships between Various Contractor Prequalification Criteria." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 3726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083726.
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Construction contractors significantly contribute to the progress and success of projects. Contractor prequalification grants tendering rights only to competent contractors. The bidding process is one of the most critical phases in the construction industry. The project leader must assess the general, technical, and financial information of the contractors to prepare an accurate proposal and select the best contractor. In this study, contractor prequalification is considered, along with the complex relationships between various criteria. ISM is a computational method that involves a qualitative and interpretive approach to solving complex problems based on structural mapping of the connections between attributes and their subsequent transformation into a multilevel structural model. Using ISM, we establish a seven-level hierarchy for various contractor prequalification criteria, which are then grouped into four clusters based on their driving power and dependence power. The result of this study shows that ISM can be used to rank complex contractor prequalification criteria and help managers select a qualified contractor in the construction project bidding process during the strategic planning phase.
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Kim, Yong-Woo, and Glenn Ballard. "Profit-point analysis: A tool for general contractors to measure and compare costs of management time expended on different subcontractors." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-021.
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One of the trends in construction today is the increasing use of specialty contractors. As a result, projects are becoming more complicated and fragmented, more coordination is required, and overhead costs of the general contractors are increasing relative to the direct costs. Better ways of controlling job-site overhead costs are needed. This paper presents profit-point analysis (PPA), a method for analyzing how indirect staff time of a general contractor is actually spent on a project. Profit points are imaginary points where a general contractor and subcontractors are interfaced. The PPA is a method of analysis on these points, which adapts activity-based costing from manufacturing to construction. This new method, illustrated through a case study, yields valuable information for managerial control; for example, the different amount of supplemental support from the general contractor required by different subcontractors.Key words: overhead costs, cost analysis, profit points, activity-based costing (ABC), management efficiency, evaluating specialty contractors.
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Chang, Kuei-Hu. "A Novel Contractor Selection Technique Using the Extended PROMETHEE II Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3664709.
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Selecting suitable contractors directly influences product quality, corporate profits, and even sustainable development. The selection problem of contractors is, therefore, a critical issue for the sustainable development of an enterprise. However, traditional contractor selection techniques are unable to handle information regarding the relative importance of criteria or handle nonexistent or missing data in the assessment process of contractor selection. In order to effectively address this problem, this study proposes a new contractor selection technique that integrates the concept of soft set and the PROMETHEE II method to select suitable contractors. Three numerical examples are applied to prove the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed technique. This study also compares the simulation results achieved using the proposed method with those achieved using the traditional weighted arithmetic averaging method and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. The simulation results show that the proposed method is a more general contractor selection technique for handling incomplete information than the traditional weighted arithmetic averaging method and the DEA method.
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Mateș, Dorel, Adriana Marina Puşcaş, and Daniela Pordea. "Accounting and Fiscal Considerations upon Performance Guarantees - Particular Case of Construction Works." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2018-0022.
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Abstract The performance guarantee represents the contractor's liability to ensure the beneficiary on the fulfillment of the quality conditions for the contracted works, as well as of their execution within the agreed contractual term. In the context of a growth trend in the industrial construction market since 2018, we considered it appropriate to study the impact of the performance guarantees on the financial balance of the contractors operating on this market. Through this research we aim to analyze the methods of guaranteeing the construction works, to assess the financial, accounting and fiscal issues of a construction company as a general contractor, to identify potential risks and to find solutions to avoid them.
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Sadeghi, Mohammad. "The Contractor’s Obligations in the Code of Egypt and the General Conditions of Contract in Iran." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 59, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v59i4.1210.
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The contractor should construct the intended goods or object according to the contract and deliver it to the employer. The contractor’s commitments include performing the action or the construction of the product, submitting the constructed product to the employer, and being responsible for it after submission. The main obligations of the contractor are the performance of the action and the construction of the intended object according to the content of the contract. In this article, the contractor’ commitments in the Law of Egypt and some other Arabian countries along with the General Conditions of Contract in Iran will be investigated.
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Tserng, Hui-Ping, Shih-Ping Ho, and Shu-Hui Jan. "DEVELOPING BIM-ASSISTED AS-BUILT SCHEDULE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR GENERAL CONTRACTORS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.851112.
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Construction project control attempts to obtain real-time as-built schedule information and to eliminate project delays by effectively enhancing dynamic schedule control and management. Suitable platforms for enhancing an as-built schedule visually during the construction phase are necessary and important for general contractors. As the application of building information modeling (BIM) becomes more common, schedule management integrated with the BIM approach becomes essential to enhance visual construction management implementation for the general contractor during the construction phase. To enhance visualization of the updated as-built schedule for the general contractor, this study presents a novel system called the Construction BIM-assisted Schedule Management (ConBIM-SM) system for general contractors in Taiwan. The primary purpose of this study is to develop a web ConBIM-SM system for the general contractor to enhance visual as-built schedule information sharing and efficiency in tracking construction as-built schedule. Finally, the ConBIM-SM system is applied to a case study of a commerce building project in Taiwan to verify its efficacy and demonstrate its effectiveness during the construction phase. The advantages of the ConBIM-SM system lie in improved project control and management efficiency for general contractors, and in providing BIM-assisted as-built schedule tracking and management, to access the most current as-built schedule information through a web browser. The case study results show that the ConBIM-SM system is an effective visual as-built schedule management platform integrated with the BIM approach for general contractors in a construction project.
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Arslan, Gokhan. "WEB-BASED CONTRACTOR EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR MASS-HOUSING PROJECTS IN TURKEY." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.698892.
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Determining the most appropriate contractor for a construction project is a highly critical issue. Selecting the right contractor for the right job can significantly influence the overall project performance. In the selection process, construction clients have to know all financial, technical and general information about the contractors to determine the most appropriate one for the project. Within this context, clients should consider several criteria that may include quality of production, adequacy of technical staff and financial stability. In this study, a survey was carried out among 52 construction professionals working at the Public Housing Development Administration (PHDA) in Turkey. The objective of this survey is to examine the relative weights of the criteria that have been using by this owner in the construction contractor selection process. Afterwards, a web-based contractor evaluation system, WEB-CONTEST, by which the contractors can be evaluated based on a combined criterion, is proposed. The system facilitates the contractor selection process and enables the construction owner to select the most correct contractors for its relevant projects.
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Yang, Jie, Hetong Yuan, and Lin Zhang. "Influence Factors on General Contractor Capability in the Context of Transforming China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 31, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874579.
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General contracting has gradually become the mainstream mode of project production organizations and the breakthrough point for the transformation of construction industry in China with the deepening of project management and project implementation reform. A general contractor needs to have a clear understanding of the structure and internal mechanism of its capability to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to explore the critical influencing factors of general contractor capability and interrelationships between these factors in the context of transformation of Chinese construction industry. Fourteen critical factors influencing the general contractor’s capability were identified through literature review and questionnaire survey. Then, the interrelationships between factors were revealed through interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The factors were divided into four groups using the Matrice d’Impacts croises-multipication applique a classement (MICMAC) in accordance with driving power and dependence power. The results indicate that particular attention should be paid to enterprise culture at present. A strategy to improve the capability of general contractor was proposed. The results contribute to the construction of the theoretical system of general contractor capability. These research findings can thus act as a practical reference for future research attempting to provide technological and managerial solutions for promoting the development of general contracting.
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Pilateris, Peter, and Brenda McCabe. "Contractor financial evaluation model (CFEM)." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-098.
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Very little is known about the financial well-being of contractors, in part because they are generally privately held companies. The goals of this work were to develop a model based on data envelopment analysis to assess contractor performance and to use the model to provide a set of financial benchmarks for the industry. As the efficiency score of contractors decreased, the following trends were evident: decreasing current ratio, increasing accounts receivable and payable times, increasing debt to equity, increasing fixed assets to equity, increasing gross profits to sales, increasing administrative expenses to net worth, decreasing net income to sales, and decreasing net income to equity.Key words: DEA, benchmark, efficiency, peer group, DMU, building contractor, heavy civil contractor, specialty contractor, distinct cultural environment, frontier.
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Jovanovic, Miljana, and Svetlana Jankovic. "On stochastic integrodifferential equations via non-linear integral contractors I." Filomat 23, no. 3 (2009): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil0903167j.
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The aim of this paper is to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a general stochastic integrodifferential equation of the Ito type, by using the concept of non-linear bounded random integral contractors, which includes the Lipschitz condition as a special case. The method applied in this consideration follows partially the basic ideas of the contractor theory introduced earlier by Altman [1, 2] and Kuo [6]. It is also shown that the Lipschitz condition and the condition based on a bounded random integral contractor for the coefficients of the considered equation, in general, cannot be compared.
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Fomina, Tetyana. "PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES OF PRIVATE CONTRACTORS AS SUBJECTS OF INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY." Economic discourse, no. 4 (December 2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-4-7.
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Introduction. The need to set up a private enforcement institute arose from the problem of enforcement of court decisions. The activities of state executors are clearly regulated, have experience and achievements. A private contractor is authorized by the state to carry out enforcement activities, but from an economic point of view, he is a self-employed person, which means that he is financially interested in the results of his work. The economic aspect of private contractor activity is not well understood to date. Methods. The study is based on the use of the historical and comparative method in determining the prerequisites for establishing an institute of private performers in Ukraine and in the world. A generalization method was used to determine general properties in the taxation of private contractors. The efficiency of the work and the feasibility of introducing a “private” element in the enforcement of court decisions was proved by the method of analysis. The method of grouping was used to determine the taxation base for the performance of private contractors. Results. The organizational and legal aspects of the activity of private contractors have been determined. The economic advantages and disadvantages of introducing the Institute of Private Performers are presented. The procedure for recognition of income and formation of costs of private contractors is outlined. It is proved inadmissible to identify the concepts of “costs of enforcement proceedings” and “costs of private executors”. The necessity of accounting and control of results of activity of private contractors is substantiated. Discussion. Prospects for further researches will be to develop recommendations for accounting for deposit accounts; accounts intended to be credited to enforcement proceedings; accounts intended to account for the principal and additional remuneration of private contractors; payroll calculations; payments with budget for taxes, fees, other required payments private artist revenue and expenses, etc. Keywords: enforcement proceedings, self-employed entities, private contractor, remuneration of private contractor, costs of enforcement proceedings, costs of private contractor, income of private contractor.
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Acheamfour, Victor Karikari, Ernest Kissi, Theophilus Adjei-Kumi, and Emmanuel Adinyira. "Review of empirical arguments on contractor pre-qualification criteria." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-03-2019-0067.
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Purpose The studies on contractor prequalification focus more on the review of models and algorithms rather than review of the criteria for contractor prequalification. However, the basis of every prequalification model primarily relates to the measurement and judgement of prospective contractors based on a set of decision criteria. This paper aims to address the gap by reviewing academic papers on contractor prequalification criteria. Design/methodology/approach A desktop search was conducted under the “T/A/K (title/abstract/keyword)” field of the Scopus search engine. A total of 49 papers were initially identified; however, only peer reviewed journals were selected for the study; therefore, a sample of 36 was subsequently used. Further filtering was done in which 26 papers were found valid for further analysis as it was realized that, not all the identified papers presented empirical arguments about the issue of contractor pre-qualification criteria. The selected 26 papers were subjected to content analysis to identify the key contractor pre-qualification criteria. Findings A total of 41 criteria were identified which were subsequently classified into six main categories, namely, technical considerations, management considerations, financial considerations, reputation considerations, general experience considerations and health, safety and environmental considerations. There was an indication that, the involvement of health, safety and environmental considerations in contractor prequalification proceedings is limited. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this research was the limited number of papers selected for further analysis based on the Scopus search engine. The identified criteria serve as a basis for further empirical studies on contractor prequalification criteria. Practical implications The outcome of this study broadens the understanding of practitioners and researchers on the various criteria for contractor prequalification. Originality/value By critically reviewing available literature on contractor prequalification, the study sets the tone for further empirical studies on contractor prequalification.
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Elbrus Giblalieva, Aytaj. "DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EMPLOYEE’S STATUS AS GENERAL LABOR SUBJECT." SCIENTIFIC WORK 52, no. 03 (February 28, 2020): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/52/67-69.
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Ritson, Neil Henry, Mark M. J. Wilson, and David A. Cohen. "Managing engineering contractors in the UK petrochemicals industry." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 1067–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-08-2015-0127.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate, at the industry level, the modes of governance used by multinational companies in the UK petrochemical industry to outsource maintenance activities to engineering contractors. The study focusses on a form of novel governance structure called an Employer Panel (EP). Design/methodology/approach The study applies an inductive case study method to investigate the contractor governance mechanisms in 19 out of the 20 major petrochemical instillations located in the UK. Data included interviews, documentary and secondary evidence gathered from the cases and also industry bodies. Findings The study uncovered three distinct types of governance mode: market, managing contractor, and EP of contractors. The latter relies on the governance process of “mandated collaboration” to coordinate. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the focus on a particular industry, albeit an important one. The research implications include extending the empirical research into other sectors which use on-site contracted maintenance such as ship and aircraft manufacturing. Practical implications The EP structure with its mandated collaboration process is of value to managers of contractual relationships as it gives insights into coordinative process and it may provide an alternative model for managing outsourcing relationships. Social implications The mandated collaborative process requires clients to engage its contractors in longer term relationships, thus increasing corporate social responsibility and providing wider job security for contractor employees. Originality/value The EP mode, as far as can be ascertained, has not been addressed in the literature before.
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Gransberg, Douglas D. "Comparing Construction Manager–General Contractor and Federal Early Contractor Involvement Project Delivery Methods." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2573, no. 1 (January 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2573-03.
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Utomo Dwi Hatmoko, Jati, and Riqi Radian Khasani. "Assessing Contractor Satisfaction towards Client Performance in Construction Projects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.338.
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While most research looks at the client satisfaction in the construction industry, contractor satisfaction towards client performance is also an important issue. The performance of contractors and clients are inter-reliant, and their interactions fundamentally determine the overall project performance. This research aims to analyze the level of contractor satisfaction towards client performance. The objectives are to determine the contractor satisfaction index (CoSI) towards client performance, and to evaluate performance indicators to improve. Data was collected through questionnaire surveys filled out by 163 respondents. Indicators of client performance include client’s understanding of project requirements, financial, decision making, management skills, supports for contractor and client’s attitude. This research found that the CoSI equals to 69.65%, indicating that in general the contractors are satisfied with the clients’ performance. Further, an importance-performance analysis of client performance (IPACP) classifies the client performance based on the importance and performance, resulting in four categories, i.e. excellent work, areas of improvement, low priority, and disproportionate. Excellent work of clients are mainly related to financial and attitude, while areas of improvement include the understanding of project scope and spesification, ease of payment approval on projects, unity of opinion from client’s team, and administration system. These findings are beneficial for clients for self-evaluation on their performance, particularly on attributes they underperform. Policy makers in the construction industry can also learn from these findings to initiate a strategic program to strengthen client performance. As the performance of clients and contractors are inter-reliant, improving client performance also means enhancing contractor performance for a successful project.
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Kurniawan, Aldhika. "Qualification of Contractor Towards Construction Project in the City of Banjarmasin, Indonesia." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.650107.
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This study identified the correlation between small contractor qualification and work performance of the contractor in the city of Banjarmasin. This study used the perspective of descriptive quantitative for social research. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to contractors who worked in Banjarmasin Public Works and Spatial Planning Office (PUPR) as an agency who exploited contractor service. The analysis was conducted through product moment in Spearman’s rank model. This study has resulted that the conspicuous performance factor was fulfillment of work (job) function and scope of work that are similar to the documents of project’s contract. Meanwhile, the correlation of small contractor qualification and work performance of project construction in Banjarmasin was influenced by Person in-charge of Business Agency (PJBU).
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McCabe, Brenda, Viet Tran, and Joseph Ramani. "Construction prequalification using data envelopment analysis." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-073.
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Contractor prequalification is essential in most construction projects, and the process has been performed by many different methods in practice. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) had been recognized as a useful technique to prequalify contractors by assigning relative efficiency scores. Data envelopment analysis, however, usually requires a large amount of data and has not been fully developed to achieve reliable results. An enhanced contractor prequalification model using DEA was developed together with a methodology for determining a "practical frontier" of best contractors. The established practical frontier can be used as a regional performance standard for the owner in prequalification and as improvement guidelines for contractors.Key words: contractor prequalification, construction engineering, data envelopment analysis, practical frontier.
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Gurgun, Asli Pelin, and Kerim Koc. "Contractor prequalification for green buildings—evidence from Turkey." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 6 (January 30, 2020): 1377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2019-0543.
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PurposeCompetent contractors are one of the critical stakeholders to achieve targeted sustainability objectives in green building (GB) projects. Prior to contractor selection, prequalification is an important step, which requires contractors with certain capabilities in addition to traditional features. This study aims to develop a systematic and practical model for prequalification in GB projects using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach by adopting the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).Design/methodology/approachThe AHP model with 8 main criteria groups and 25 sub-criteria is structured based on literature review and professional opinions accompanied by a pilot study. Then, interviews with experts, who are experienced in the development and application phases of GB projects in Turkey, are arranged to collect judgements. The agreement levels between different groups of experts are analysed via Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Model applicability is tested on six hypothetical contractors for practicality.FindingsThe results show that i) financial capabilities, ii) legal status and iii) sustainability groups are the top three main criteria, while i) compliance with schedule requirements of the client, ii) current legal status including suits, iii) negative litigation history records, iv) contractor's compliance capacity to client's sustainability checklist for the proposed project and v) sustainability with lower life cycle cost (durability, maintenance, constructability) are the top five sub-criteria.Originality/valueThere is a gap in the literature analysing contractor prequalification phase in GB projects. This study attempts to fill this lack provided with a practical evaluation tool.
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Ismail, Zul-Atfi Bin. "Improving contractor social networking on IBS infrastructure maintenance projects: a review." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 4 (May 21, 2018): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-08-2016-0180.
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PurposeA key factor adversely affecting contractor social networking performance is the improper handling and information management of contractor’s services delivery on websites. Contractor social networking is particularly problematic on industrialised building system (IBS) infrastructure maintenance projects where contractor’s certified quality product and firms are not matched with maintenance specialisation services. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on the early stages of research which is developing a new information and communications technology (ICT)-based approach to managing contractor social networking on IBS infrastructure maintenance schemes. As a precursor to this work, the paper reviews current contractor social networking websites practices on IBS infrastructure maintenance projects and explores the ICT tools and techniques currently being employed on such projects.FindingsThe findings reveal the need for more sophisticated contractor social networking websites solutions which accord with the needs of IBS infrastructure maintenance schemes.Originality/valueThe paper concludes by presenting a research framework for developing such a system in the future.
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Bendaña, Ricardo, Alfredo del Caño, and M. Pilar de la Cruz. "Contractor selection: fuzzy-control approach." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 5 (May 2008): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-127.
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This paper presents a fuzzy-logic-based system for selecting contractors. This tool, which was based on the fuzzy control technique, was created for the private sector client in traditional design–bid–build projects with one-step selection processes, but its philosophy can also serve other types of clients, industries, contracts, and selection processes. The system develops an assessment of different qualitative and quantitative issues that influence a contractor’s suitability for constructing a specific design in a specific environment (client’s needs and objectives, objectives prioritization, etc.), taking into account the risk of not achieving the client’s objectives. A computer application was developed and validated, including a Delphi analysis with professionals who are experts in contractor selection. The application covers the possibility of using different selection policies, when the essential project objective is cost, time or quality. As part of the validation process, a neural network was developed to prove that the fuzzy-control tool has a behavior that can be recognized by a neural network.
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Książek, M., and P. Ciechowicz. "Selection of the General Contractor Using the AHP Method." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0086.
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Abstract The topic of this paper is the description of the General Contractor Selection procedure using the AHP method. Another aim of this paper - within the scope of decision-making - is the determination of the potential General Contractor’s evaluation criteria and the selection of the best Bidder using the AHP method. We included the description of the conducted tender proceeding for the purpose of the procurement’s subject. As the decision-making options, we adopted four construction companies that submitted their bid. A key element of the studies was the paired comparison of all hierarchical structure elements. We estimated the local weighting coefficients and global priorities of particular decision-making options as well as analysed the vulnerabilities of the obtained results.
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Moses, Tochukwu, David Heesom, and David Oloke. "Implementing 5D BIM on construction projects: contractor perspectives from the UK construction sector." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 6 (May 9, 2020): 1867–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-01-2020-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on primary research findings that sought to investigate and analyse salient issues on the implementation of 5D building information modelling (BIM) from the UK contractors’ perspective. Previous research and efforts have predominantly focussed on the use of technologies for cost estimation and quantity takeoff within a more traditional-led procurement, with a paucity of research focussing on how 5D BIM could facilitate costing within contractor-led procurement. This study fills this current knowledge gap and enhances the understanding of the specific costing challenges faced by contractors in contractor-led projects, leading to the development of 5D framework for use in future projects. Design/methodology/approach To develop a fully detailed understanding of the challenges and issues being faced in this regard, a phenomenological, qualitative-based study was undertaken through interviews involving 21 participants from UK-wide construction organisations. A thematic data analytical process was applied to the data to derive key issues, and this was then used to inform the development of a 5D-BIM costing framework. Findings Multi-disciplinary findings reveal a range of issues faced by contractors when implementing 5D BIM. These exist at strategic, operational and technological levels which require addressing successful implementation of 5D BIM on contractor-led projects adhering to Level 2 BIM standards. These findings cut across the range of stakeholders on contractor-led projects. Ultimately, the findings suggest strong commitment and leadership from organisational management are required to facilitate cost savings and generate accurate cost information. Practical implications This study highlights key issues for any party seeking to effectively deploy 5D BIM on a contractor-led construction project. A considerable cultural shift towards automating and digitising cost functions virtually, stronger collaborative working relationship relative to costing in design development, construction practice, maintenance and operation is required. Originality/value By analysing findings from primary research data, the work concludes with the development of a 5D BIM costing framework to support contractor-led projects which can be implemented to ensure that 5D BIM is successfully implemented.
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Lin, Yi-Hsin, Yanzhe Guo, Chan-Joong Kim, Po-Han Chen, and Mingwei Qian. "The impact of relational governance on the adaptability of international contractors: a comparative study between China and Korea." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 10 (July 6, 2020): 3235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2019-0719.
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PurposeIn the process of undertaking overseas construction projects, relational governance has become indispensable for project stakeholders. This study examines how relational governance influences contractors' adaptability to foreign situations and whether such associations are positively moderated by international environmental complexity.Design/methodology/approachA crosssectional survey methodology was applied to collect primary data through questionnaires sent to domestic contractors in China and South Korea (hereafter Korea). Multiple regression analysis was used to test the effects of four dimensions of relational governance on contractor adaptability. Thereafter, the Chinese and Korean subsamples were tested separately through moderated regression analysis to explore differences in the influence of relational governance on adaptability.FindingsThe results showed that quality communication, favor exchange and establishing an emotional relationship significantly and positively affected a contractor’s adaptability. However, there were significant differences between the Chinese and Korean international contractors in terms of the moderating effects of international environment complexity.Research limitations/implicationsEast Asian engagement in international development is not limited to China and Korea alone, and the study should be replicated using large representative samples from more countries, such as Japan, to gain a fuller understanding of the influence of relational governance.Originality/valueThe results have great significance for the managers of international contractors in East Asian countries and contribute to the research on relational governance and contractor adaptability.
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Jarkas, Abdulaziz M., and Theodore C. Haupt. "Major construction risk factors considered by general contractors in Qatar." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 13, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-03-2014-0012.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify, explore, rank the relative importance and determine the prevalent allocation response trends of the major construction risk factors considered by general contractors operating in the State of Qatar. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire survey comprising 37 potential risk factors was distributed to a statistically representative sample of contractors. The influence ranks of the factors explored were determined using the “Relative Importance Index (RII)” technique, whereas the prevalent trend of contractors’ attitudes toward risk allocation of each factor investigated was quantified and expressed as a percentage, based on the number of respondents who selected a specific option, in relation to the total number of respondents. Findings – The results obtained indicate that risks related to the “client” group are perceived as most critical, followed by the “consultant”, “contractor” and “exogenous” group-related factors, respectively. The outcomes further show that the “transfer” option is the contractors’ prevalent response to “client” and “consultant”-related risks, while the “retention” decision is the principal pattern linked to “contractor” and “exogenous” group-related risk factors. Research limitations/implications – The dominant respondents’ perception that the crucial construction risks are related to clients and consultants suggests that these two parties have an essential role in controlling the negative ramifications of the associated factors. Practical implications – The findings suggest that increasing designers’ awareness of the significant effect of applying the constructability concept can considerably help reducing the risks concomitant of the construction operation. Policy makers may contribute, moreover, in alleviating the risk of incompetent technical staff and operatives’ employment by controlling the migration of inexperienced and unskilled construction workforce into the State. Originality/value – Given the knowledge gap for the major construction risk factors considered by general contractors in Qatar, the results reported in this study can provide clients, industry practitioners and policy makers with guidance to effectively manage the significant risks determined, which can further assist in achieving a reasonable level of competitiveness and cost-effective operation.
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Yusof, Noorhayatie, and Mohd Saidin Misnan. "A Review of Safety Issues among Small Grade Contractors in Construction Industry." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926605008.
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The construction industry is one of the largest industries in Malaysia. There were too many factors that contribute to construction project success. Construction industry comprises different participants including clients, consultants, and contractors (as construction business) that perform different roles from conception in order to complete the project. The contractors in Malaysia were categorized into seven Grades of contractors starting from contractor G1 to G7. These categories were graded based on a number of employees and the value of the project. In Malaysia, G1 to G4 contractors (small grade contractors) are the highest company were registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB). Unfortunately, small grade contractors are widely exposed to the highest rate of accidents or risky compared to medium and large grade contractors (G5-G7) in this industry. In order to adequately clarify the issues on this safety matter, this paper has discussed the problems faced by small grade contractors that influence the implementation of safety practice in a construction site. The objective of study is to identify the problems in small grade contractors in order to implement safety practice on site. This study was focused on small grade contractor in Malaysia. The data for this study were supported by previous studies are reported in the journal; statistic of accidents in the construction industry by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH); contractor information; statistic of contractors are registered under CIDB; safety book; and internet sources. This study had found that the small grade contractors have some issues related to safety practice whereas they did not have proper standard of safety (general safety act and regulation); they cannot appoint Safety Health Officer (SHO) to handle the site safety; have limited external resource; and also small grade contractors have financial constraints. Based on this review, it can be concluded that small grade contractors have more lacking in safety management and consequently, the rate of accidents still higher in the construction industry. However, safety management in small grade contractors can be improved with support by external resources such as researcher, large grade contractor, government, and pressure from authorities.
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Luis Fragoso, J., and Brian H. Kleiner. "How to distinguish between independent contractors and employees." Management Research News 28, no. 2/3 (February 1, 2005): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170510785183.
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The purpose of this report is to help the reader understand the difference between independent contractors and employees. Employers use independent contractors for many reasons, including cost, seasonal fluctuations, temporary assignments or highly skilled services. Independent contractors are different from employees in that they usually are not eligible for benefits such as health insurance or paid time off, are not covered by workers’ compensation insurance and are responsible for submitting their own income taxes to the Internal Revenue Service. However, someone does not become an independent contractor just because he or she is labelled that way, is not offered certain benefits or because her or his income taxes are not with held. In fact, not even the signing of a contract or agreement ensures that the independent contractor will not be classified as an employee by a government agency or the courts. The ultimate test to determine whether some one is an employee or an independent contractor is the degree of control an employer exercises over that individual’s work.
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Alavipour, S. M. Reza, and David Arditi. "Maximizing expected contractor profit using an integrated model." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-04-2018-0149.
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Purpose Planning for increased contractor profits should start at the time the contract is signed because low profits and lack of profitability are the primary causes of contractor failure. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated profit maximization model (IPMM) that aims for maximum expected profit by using time-cost tradeoff analysis, adjusted start times of activities, minimized financing cost and minimized extension of work schedule beyond the contract duration. This kind of integrated approach was never researched in the past. Design/methodology/approach IPMM is programmed into an automated system using MATLAB 2016a. It generates an optimal work schedule that leads to maximum profit by means of time-cost tradeoff analysis considering different activity acceleration/deceleration methods and adjusting the start/finish times of activities. While doing so, IPMM minimizes the contractor’s financing cost by considering combinations of different financing alternatives such as short-term loans, long-term loans and lines of credit. IPMM also considers the impact of extending the project duration on project profit. Findings IPMM is tested for different project durations, for the optimality of the solutions, differing activity start/finish times and project financing alternatives. In all cases, contractors can achieve maximum profit by using IPMM. Research limitations/implications IPMM considers a deterministic project schedule, whereas stochastic time-cost tradeoff analysis can improve its performance. Resource allocation and resource leveling are not considered in IPMM, but can be incorporated into the model in future research. Finally, the long computational time is a challenge that needs to be overcome in future research. Practical implications IPMM is likely to increase profits and improve the chances of contractors to survive and grow compared to their competitors. The practical value of IPMM is that any contractor can and should use IPMM since all the data required to run IPMM is available to the contractor at the time the contract is signed. The contractor who provides information about network logic, schedule data, cost data, contractual terms, and available financing alternatives and their APRs can use an automated IPMM that adjusts activity start times and durations, minimizes financing cost, eliminates or minimizes time extensions, minimizes total cost and maximizes expected profit. Originality/value Unlike any prior study that looks into contractors’ profits by considering the impact of only one or two factors at a time, this study presents an IPMM that considers all major factors that affect profits, namely, time-cost tradeoff analysis, adjusted start times of activities, minimized financing cost and minimized extension of work schedule beyond the contract duration.
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Cheng, Min-Yuan, Shu-Hua Yeh, and Woei-Chyi Chang. "Multi-Criteria Decision Making of Contractor Selection in Mass Rapid Transit Station Development Using Bayesian Fuzzy Prospect Model." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114606.
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In Taiwan, the most advantageous tender in governmental procurement is the selection of a general contractor based on a score or ranking evaluated by a committee. Due to personal, subjective preferences, the contractor selection of committee members may be different, causing cognitive difference between the results of the members’ selection and the preliminary opinions provided by the working group. Integrated, multi-criteria decision making techniques, combined with preference relation, Bayesian, fuzzy utility, and prospect theories are used to assess factors weighing up the duration/cost/quality, probability of external information, and utility function system. The paper proposes a Bayesian fuzzy prospect model for group decision making, based on probability and utility multiplied relation, and taking the sustainable development factors into consideration. This study aims to provide committees with an objective model to select the best contractor for public construction projects. The results of this study can avoid the lowest bidder being selected; besides, the score gap of contractor selection can be increased, and the difference between the top three contractors’ scores can be decreased as well. In addition to proposing an innovative decision-making system of contractor selection and an index weight-assessing system for sustainable development, this model will be widely applied and sustainably updated for other cases.
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Rankin, Jeff H., Stephen L. Champion, and Lloyd M. Waugh. "Contractor selection: qualification and bid evaluation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-012.
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Historically the selection of contractors in North America was almost exclusively based on the lowest tendered price. Owners utilized competitive tendering for its simplicity and fairness in the award process. More recently, owners have reconsidered the use of low price as the basis for selecting contractors and therefore have attempted to modify the traditional low bid system with qualification and evaluation clauses. Qualification and evaluation clauses have caused considerable controversy in the public sector, where contractors are concerned about the legitimacy of tendering procedures when public funds are used. Although contractors agree that the system needs improvement, there are conflicting views on what should be done. This paper provides a summary of traditional tendering procedures and illustrates two possible modifications to the contractor selection process. The intended audience is practicing professionals, particularly those in the public sector where the objectivity of the tendering process is under such scrutiny. Evaluation is selected as the direction with the most potential for improvements. The evaluation option is analyzed by examining its legal implications through a discussion of recent case law. Finally, recommendations for implementing an evaluation system are discussed to address the issues identified through the legal discussion and from the opposing views in the construction industry. Key words: construction, contract law, competitive bidding, contractor qualification, bid evaluation.
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Hidzir, Nur ’Izzati, Mastura Jaafar, Norziani Dahalan, and Syed Putra Syed Abu Bakar. "Does Main Contractor Influence Subcontractor Bullying?" Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 4995–5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8554.
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Workplace bullying is currently a normal issue that proliferates worldwide. Essentially, research related to this topic has been conducted in many different fields and industries, but it remains scarce in construction sector. This paper explores the subcontractor bullying in Malaysian construction industry and identifies the impact of main contractor to subcontractor bullying. Data collection was implemented on 210 contractors of Grade 6 and 7 across Peninsular Malaysia. Based on Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis, the findings reveal that main contractor leadership and project organisation affect work-based bullying. However, the relationship between project organisation and job design with physical intimidating bullying was found to be not significant. The result of this study may assist the main contractors to understand their role in providing a better environment for the sake of project success.
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Haryadi, Febri. "Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh dalam Pemilihan Subkontraktor dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Waktu Pelaksanaan." Syntax Idea 3, no. 12 (December 25, 2021): 2599. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-idea.v3i12.1666.
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Prime contractors rely heavily on subcontractor services to lower costs and increase efficiency on construction projects. Subcontractors perform certain tasks that the main contractor cannot perform efficiently. To get a competent subcontractor, it is necessary to hold the selection of subcontractors. The selection of subcontractors becomes very important in keeping pace with the growth of the construction industry, so the main contractor as the construction executor requires a subcontractor or specialist contractor for certain jobs that require specialized expertise. This study was conducted by reviewing the findings of several related scientific journals, so that the factors that influence the selection of subcontractors and the most influential factors are the experience of doing similar work. In addition, it also found its effect on the time of implementation of the project.
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Hussain, Ali. "Evaluating Waste Material Among Construction Project: Identify Reason Waste and Suggestion Improvement Designer, Contractor and Client Practice." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.6.453.
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Objectives : This research evaluate the level of construction waste materials in Iraq construction industry and compare construction material waste among three types of executing projects including specialist contractors, general building contractor and government department.Methods : The target materials in this study were brick, cement, sand, steel, gravel and thermo-stone. SPSS V24. Descriptive and inferential analyses were applied in this study.Results and Discussion : Field observation show that the highest percentage of waste was “Brick” with 15.21% followed by “Sand” with 12.52% and “Thermo-stone” with 12.02%. The lowest percentage of waste in Iraq construction project was “Steel” and “Cement” with 3.96% and 4% respectively. The results of a comparison between these three groups confirmed that for all types of construction project waste, the governmental project had the highest percentage (12.77%), special contractor (11.19%), a general building contractor (9.71%). The major waste from materials was handling with 31.9%, concrete construction with 28.09% and 24.26% the finishing.Conclusion The percentage of losses in the construction sites is very high compared to the permissible limit implementing inexpensive preventive measures, mostly related to managerial practice improvements.
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Despotović, Danijela, and Zoran Tomić. "Obligations of the contracting parties in the service contract." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 3 (2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2103014d.
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The subject of the paper are the obligations of the contracting parties, i.e. the contractor and client, arising from the conclusion of a service contract. A service contract is one of the oldest forms of contractual obligations, but it is also a contract constantly being changed and adapted to emerging life situations. A service contract is a consensual, nominate, onerous and bilaterally binding contract. Therefore, it is a contract in which the obligations of the contracting parties are determined. The contractor has the obligation to complete the work, and hand it over to the client, while the client is obliged to pay remuneration for the contractor`s work. Also, one of the distinguishing facts of a service contract is that it is often concluded with regard to the contractor's personality, so the fulfillment of the obligation is related to the personality of the contractor due to whose attributes the contract was concluded.
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E Uber, T., and G. Runeson. "Subcontractor-general contractor relationship in Australian building industry." International Journal of Project Management 3, no. 1 (February 1985): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-7863(85)90040-7.
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Kozlovská, Mária, and Zuzana Struková. "Integration of Occupational Safety to Contractors` or Subcontractors` Performance Evaluation in Construction Projects." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2013-0002.
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Abstract Several factors should be considered by the owner and general contractor in the process of contractors` and subcontractors` selection and evaluation. The paper reviews the recent models addressed to guide general contractors in subcontractors’ selection process and in evaluation of different contractors during the execution of the project. Moreover the paper suggests the impact of different contractors’ performance to the overall level of occupational health and safety culture at the sites. It deals with the factors influencing the safety performance of contractors during construction and analyses the methods for assessing the safety performance of construction contractors. The results of contractors’ safety performance evaluation could be a useful tool in motivating contractors to achieve better safety outcomes or could have effect on owners` or general contractors’ decision making about contractors suitability for future contracting works.
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Pink, Vikki. "Mobilisation in a dynamic Australasian oil and gas market." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13074.
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How do major brownfield engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractors manage their resources across a geographically dispersed market that is transitioning from the Greenfield mega-project era into operations? How do we manage seemingly unlimited opportunities with a finite in-country resource pool without compromising safety, quality and competitiveness? Contractors must demonstrate high levels of nimbleness and governance when it comes to accessing and deploying the right calibre, cost-effective resources. The mega-project era in Australia has seen unprecedented growth, but on a capital-project basis; brownfield contractors need to take the long view and structure their resourcing strategies accordingly. This means tapping into global networks of suitably experienced personnel, unblocking barriers to mobility, and developing sustainable development programs. Investment in and relentless focus on safety leadership through tailored development and competency programs is a must for any contractor that is serious about mobilising safely. When considering the cultural, behavioural, and competence contexts of diverse locations, leading contractors must come ready-armed with robust, proven tools managed by leadership personnel who are deeply intimate with these methods and the core values that underpin them. By taking direct ownership of resourcing through strategic, in-house capabilities with a global reach, a contractor can constantly monitor its talent pool and link this to its strategic opportunities. But even more critically, the contractor can provide assurance to clients and communities that the crews deployed to diverse worksites, such as Karratha, Bass Strait, and Papua New Guinea are completely fit for purpose and well suited to each environment.
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Si, Tongguang, Hong Xian Li, Zhen Lei, Hexu Liu, and SangHyeok Han. "A Dynamic Just-in-Time Component Delivery Framework for Off-Site Construction." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9953732.
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Off-site construction entails various advantages compared with the traditional construction method; however, the fragmentation of the prefabrication and assembly results in a complex supply chain. Both general contractors and factories often encounter production deviation, making the original component delivery plan nonoptimal. Traditionally, both parties tend to rely on internal resources or third-party resources to manage schedule changes, paying little attention to the optimisation of the component delivery process. The static compensation mechanisms reported in existing literature require factories to manage demand fluctuations but fail to encourage general contractors to control schedule deviations. Therefore, a dynamic compensation mechanism is proposed to achieve just-in-time component delivery, with which a factory shares possible changes for each component’s delivery date to its clients on an inverse Kanban system. First, unfavourable changes for the factory schedule are allocated with surcharges, and the general contractor should compensate the factory if it accepts the date changes; secondly, schedule changes that are beneficial for the factory are assigned as incentives, and the general contractor receives the factory’s incentive upon agreeing to the changes. Based on these two scenarios, genetic algorithm-based optimisation models are developed to achieve optimal delivery planning solutions. General contractors can obtain an optimal component delivery date to reduce the additional cost when they have changed the assembly schedule. General contractors can also optimise their component delivery schedule to trade their duration flexibility for incentives offered by factories. The models can help both parties to reduce component delivery waste when either side has the motivation to change the original component delivery schedules.
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HILEMAN, BETTE. "NIH FIRES CONTRACTOR." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 17 (April 23, 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n017.p011.
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Zhong, Jin Ru. "Study on Cost Management under EPC General Contracting Model." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.49.
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As a new mode of implementation for the construction project, EPC mode is more and more highly praised by owner and contractor. The owner can reduce the risk through implementing this mode and make the price of project relatively regular at the same time. However, because the owner seldom participates in this mode, in addition, the same contractor charges design and construction of the project, the owner’s controls to the price of project becomes more and more difficult. This paper discusses reasonable determination and effective control method and means to the price of the project under EPC mode according to the characteristic.
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Turskis, Zenonas. "MULTI‐ATTRIBUTE CONTRACTORS RANKING METHOD BY APPLYING ORDERING OF FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES OF SOLUTIONS IN TERMS OF PREFERABILITY TECHNIQUE / DAUGIATIKSLIS RANGOVŲ PARINKIMO METODAS TAIKANT ĮMANOMŲ SPRENDINIŲ ALTERNATYVŲ RANGAVIMO PRIORITETO POŽIŪRIU BŪDĄ." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2008.14.224-239.
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Contractor evaluation is a vital part of the project management cycle and deals with risk and risk management. One of the most important phases in the construction industry is the bidding process. In order to select the most appropriate contractor for the project and prepare the most realistic and accurate bid proposal, stakeholders have to know all financial, technical and general information about these contractors. The information can be determined as qualitative, quantitative or verbal data. This paper presents the multi‐attribute contractors ranking method bay applying Ordering of feasible alternatives of solutions in terms of preferability technique. This method allows dealing with qualitative and quantitative data as well as with data expressed in words (verbal data). Finally, an illustrative example of contractor selection is used to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model. Santrauka Rangovų vertinimas – gyvybiškai svarbi projekto vadybos ciklo dalis, susijusi su rizika ir rizikos valdymu. Viena svarbiausių projekto įgyvendinimo dalių – kainos nustatymas konkurso tvarka. Investuotojai siekia pasirinkti geriausiai jų tikslus atitinkantį rangovą, realiausią ir tiksliausią kainos pasiūlymą. Tam reikia turėti išsamios informacijos apie finansinę rangovo būklę, techninį pasirengimą ir kvalifikaciją. Straipsnyje aprašomas daugiatikslis rangovų parinkimas taikant įmanomų sprendinių alternatyvų rangavimo prioriteto požiūriu metodą. Šio būdo sprendimų priėmimo matricos informacija gali būti aprašoma kokybiniais, kiekybiniais ir verbaliniais (žodžiais reiškiamais) duomenimis. Pateiktas straipsnio pabaigoje rangovų parinkimo pavyzdys parodo šio modelio taikymo tikslingumą ir praktiškumą.
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Chen, Wei Ke, and Chun Wang. "The Engineering Insurance Mode Selection under the EPC Contract Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3442.
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The general contractors and owners face more risk in the EPC contract. But the people are usually used in international projects, and it has been applied in Chinese, the use of engineering insurance risk transfer, so choose the right insurance coverage critical to the promotion of the EPC contract. This paper by engineering insurance insuring the two modes: We analysis with the owners insured mode and contractors insured mode, that the contractor insured model is more suitable for the EPC contract, control more effective risk, and eventually reach the owners and contractors a common profits.
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Jovanovic, Miljana, and Svetlana Jankovic. "On stochastic integrodifferential equations via non-linear integral contractors II." Filomat 24, no. 2 (2010): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1002081j.
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The present paper represents a continuation of paper [4], in which the existence and uniqueness problems for a general Ito-Volterra integrodifferential equation are investigated by using the concept of a non-linear random integral contractor. Since the Lipschitz condition and the random integral contractor for the coefficients of the considered equation, in general, cannot be compared, the notions of the modified Lipschitz condition and modified integral contractor are introduced on some function spaces, as well as the conditions of their equivalence. Some existence and uniqueness theorems are also given. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classifications. 60H20. .
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Mahdi Hosseinian, S., and David G. Carmichael. "An optimal target cost contract with a risk neutral owner." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 21, no. 5 (September 9, 2014): 586–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2013-0003.
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Purpose – Target cost contracts are commonly used to share the monetary outcome of work or a project. However, discussion is ongoing, as to what constitutes optimal sharing. The purpose of this paper is to examine optimal sharing and derives a result for defined risk assumptions on the owner (risk neutral) and contractor (risk-averse ranging to risk neutral). Design/methodology/approach – The derivation is based on solving a constrained maximization problem using ideas from principal-agent theory. Practitioners were engaged in a designed exercise in order to validate the approach and propositions. The influence of the contractor's level of risk aversion, the cost uncertainty and the contractor's effort effectiveness are examined. Findings – The paper shows that, at the optimum, the sharing ratio between contractor and owner needs to reduce and the fixed fee needs to increase when the contractor becomes more risk-averse, the level of the cost uncertainty increases, or the effectiveness of the contractor effort decreases. Practical implications – The paper's findings provide practitioners with a useful benchmark for outcome sharing in target contracts. Originality/value – Existing work on outcome sharing in target contracts is limited to being qualitative and anecdotal in nature. This paper extends existing knowledge by providing a quantitative treatment of optimal sharing.
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Pham, Duy-Hoang, Dang-Huy Ly, Ngoc-Khue Tran, Yong-Han Ahn, and Hyeongjae Jang. "Developing a Risk Management Process for General Contractors in the Bidding Stage for Design–Build Projects in Vietnam." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110542.
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Design–build (DB) projects have become increasingly popular for construction projects in developing countries due to the cost and scheduling advantages and their design optimization ability. As a result, much research has been conducted on improving DB efficiency in terms of cost, scheduling, risk management, etc. However, the existing studies have mainly focused on the owner’s roles, whereas general contractors (GCs) must also take many risks on behalf of owners in DB projects. The adequate identification and assessment of risks before engaging a contractor can increase the likelihood of a project’s success, at least from a DB contractor’s perspective. Therefore, this study interviewed procurement experts to conduct a survey at the local level, then analyzed, developed, and proposed an additional risk management process (RMP) for use by GCs during the bidding process of DB projects. A case study was conducted with a large Vietnamese GC to evaluate the effectiveness of the process and find ways to optimize it in the future. The results of the study showed that risk management during a DB project is imperative. Nevertheless, preparing bids is time-consuming and increases the contingency costs, reducing the competitiveness of the bid prices for contractors. Therefore, depending on the specific project and risk management objectives, an RMP is recommended for adjusting the risk management target to reduce the risk, while still maintaining the competitiveness of the bid prices.
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Liu, Kai, Yuming Liu, Xi Zhao, and Yuanyuan Kou. "Study on Design Optimization in Major Railway Projects with Fair Preference Based on Stackelberg Game." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5336591.
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A contractor proposes design changes to achieve design optimization in the design stage of major railway projects, which can effectively solve problems such as project cost overruns. In order to promote cooperation between the construction party and the owner in the design stage, the fairness preference theory was introduced. Based on the relationship characteristics of project participants in a major railway project, a Stackelberg game model between the owner and contractor was established. The influence of fairness preference psychology on both parties’ decision-making behavior and utility changes was discussed. MATLAB software is used to perform numerical simulation analysis on the evolution results of the game model. The research results show the following: The project gain distribution coefficient of the owner and contractor will increase with the increase in their fairness perception strength. The acceptance rate of design changes will decrease with the increase in the contractor’s fairness perception strength, and the owner’s fairness perception intensity has no effect on the acceptance rate of design changes. When only one party has a fairness preference psychology, the project gain distribution coefficient will tilt towards that party. Fairness preference psychology can change the utility of the owner and contractor and narrow the utility gap between two parties.