Journal articles: 'General ethics'

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Mendola, Joseph, and Agnes Heller. "General Ethics." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51, no. 2 (June 1991): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2108152.

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Clark-Grill, Monika. "Ethics support for GPs: what should it look like?" Journal of Primary Health Care 8, no. 1 (2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14999.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Ethics support services for hospital clinicians have become increasingly common globally but not as yet in New Zealand. However, an initiative to change this is gathering momentum. Its slogan ‘Clinical ethics is everyone’s business’ indicates that the aim is to encompass all of health care, not just the hospital sector. General Practitioners (GPs) deal with ethical issues on a daily basis. These issues are often quite different from ethical issues in hospitals. To make future ethics support relevant for primary care, local GPs were interviewed to find out how they might envisage ethics support services that could be useful to them. METHODS A focus group interview with six GPs and semi-structured individual interviews with three GPs were conducted. Questions included how they made decisions on ethical issues at present, what they perceived as obstacles to ethical reflection and decision-making, and what support might be helpful. FINDINGS Three areas of ethics support were considered potentially useful: Formal ethics education during GP training, access to an ethicist for assistance with analysing an ethical issue, and professional guidance with structured ethics conversations in peer groups. CONCLUSION The complex nature of general practice requires GPs to be well educated and supported for handling ethical issues. The findings from this study could serve as input to the development of ethics support services. KEYWORDS General practice; primary care; ethics; support; education

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OHI, Gen. "Chapter 5. Environmental Ethics Meet General Ethics." Journal International de Bioéthique 13, no. 2 (2002): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jib.132.0055.

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Ruban, D. A. "Analytical Review of Conjugation of the Ethical Bases of Artificial Intelligence Implementation and Ecologization in Corporate Governance." Journal of Applied Economic Research 21, no. 2 (2022): 390–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.2.014.

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In contemporary corporations, managers have to embrace artificial intelligence and to focus on ecologization processes. Modern researchers pay significant attention to various aspects of corporate ethics, including those linked to the two noted challenges (AI ethics and eco-ethics). However, in most cases they are considered separately, whereas the relative behavior norms are actually connected. A new phenomenon can be labeled as AI-eco-ethics. The objective of the present investigation is the analytical reviewing of the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance. The hypothesis is that previous studies characterize this conjugation sufficiently well. The analytical procedure includes finding articles from international journals dealing with AI-eco-ethics in the bibliographical database "Scopus" and systematizing the ideas from those articles by means of their attribution to common topics. The results indicate the diversity of the previous studies of AI-eco-ethics. The topics are the general questions of AI-eco-ethics, artificial intelligence as a new opportunity for eco-ethics development, the factor of sustainability in AI-eco-ethics, corporate interests in AI-eco-ethics and artificial intelligence as a challenge to eco-ethics. The polarity between the researchers' opinions is expressed sharply, and many of them doubt the positive influences of artificial intelligence on corporate eco-ethics. Reference to the ethic codes of the largest world's corporations implies very limited reflection of AI-ethic norms in them. However, when present, these norms co-occur with eco-ethical prescriptions. The results of the analytical review reveal prospects for the conceptualizing of AI-eco-ethics, which is of theoretical importance. From the practical point of view, the results emphasize the necessity of improving the quality and widening the breadth of managerial education, and also the development of inter-organizational cooperation and communication. The undertaken investigation clearly observes the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance, although the chosen hypothesis is confirmed only in part.

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Ruiz-Palomino, Pablo, Ricardo Martinez-Canas, and Raul del Pozo-Rubio. "Promoting Ethics In The Workplace: Why Not Reflect General Organizational Justice?" International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 13 (December 19, 2012): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i13.7446.

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Recent decades reveal increasing academic and practitioner interest in improving corporations social and ethical reputations. Efforts to promote ethics usually focus on the implementation of explicit, formal mechanisms, aimed at transmitting ethical and moral content and reflecting an interest in behavioural ethics. Although the efficacy of these mechanisms has been demonstrated, such efforts may fail if ethics does not exist in reality in the normal procedures and operations of the firm and in the treatment employees perceive from their employers. Organizational justice is an antecedent of ethical behaviour, though most research depicting this link has centred exclusively on assessing (un)ethical behaviours directed toward the organization. Other insights, however, might suggest a relationship between organizational justice perceptions and general ethical behaviour; therefore, this study conducts an empirical examination of survey data from 436 Spanish banking employees to discern their perceptions of organizational justice by top management and whether these perceptions are related to general ethical/unethical behaviours. Findings, finally, reveal that such perceptions have positive effects on workforce general ethics. That is, actions and efforts by top management that signal organizational justice can help promote ethics among a wider workforce. These findings have substantial practical implications, as well as insights for further research.

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Sharma, Amit, Phillip M. Jolly, Robert Magneson Chiles, Robin B. DiPietro, Angeline Jaykumar, Hema Kesa, Heather Monteiro, Kevin Roberts, and Laure Saulais. "Principles of foodservice ethics: a general review." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 34, no. 1 (November 5, 2021): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2020-1486.

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Purpose Moral aspects of food are gaining increased attention from scholars due to growing complexity of the food system. The foodservice system is a complex arrangement of stakeholders, yet has not benefited from similar scholarly attention on the moral facets. This gap is of significance given that the foodservice system has increased in importance with the larger proportion of food consumed in foodservice environments. This paper aims to focus on the foodservice system with the goal of applying moral perspectives associated with the theoretical discussion on the principles of food ethics. Design/methodology/approach Food ethics is described within the theoretical framework of three principles, namely, autonomy, justice and well-being. These ethical principles are reviewed in context of the foodservice system comprised of food distribution (supply chains), preparation (foodservice establishments) and consumption (consumer demand). The review also includes international perspectives on foodservice system ethics to assess relativism (versus universalism) of moral issues. Findings As the foodservice system increases in complexity, greater discussion is needed on the ethics of this system. This study observes that ignoring ethical principles can negatively impact the ability of consumers, businesses and communities to make informed choices, and on their well-being. Alternatively, a focus on understanding the role of food ethics can provide an anchor for research, practice and policy development to strengthen the foodservice system. While these moral principles are universal truths, they will require relative introspection globally, based on local experiences. Originality/value This paper presents a moral principle-based description of food ethics that incorporates the various components of the expanding foodservice system.

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Singh, Surinder. "Ethics in general practice." Family Practice 19, no. 1 (February 2002): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.120.

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Asai, Atsushi, Koichiro Itai, Keiichi Shioya, Kazuko Saita, Mami Kayama, and Shinichi Izumi. "Qualitative Research on Clinical Ethics Consultation in Japan : The Voices of Medical Practitioners." General Medicine 9, no. 2 (2008): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14442/general.9.47.

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Rasmussen, David M. "Business Ethics and Postmodernism: A Response." Business Ethics Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 1993): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857253.

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“Business Ethics and Postmodernism: A Response” considers the contribution of Ronald Green, David Schmidt, Clarence Walton, Ron Duska, and Richard Neilsen to a special issue of Business Ethics Quarterly entitled “Business Ethics and Postmodernism.” This essay poses a fundamental question: to what extent can a position which characterizes itself as postmodern be ethical? The paper argues on philosophical grounds that the debate between modernity and postmodernity is a debate over the very possibility of an ethic. The paper concludes that although Jacque Derrida has made the most convincing argument for an ethic within postmodernity, it remains skeptical because such an argument simply presupposes assumptions which owe their origin to modernity.

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Alderson, Priscilla, Bobbie Farsides, and Clare Williams. "Examining Ethics in Practice: health service professionals’ evaluations of in-hospital ethics seminars." Nursing Ethics 9, no. 5 (September 2002): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733002ne541oa.

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This article reviews practitioners’ evaluations of in-hospital ethics seminars. A qualitative study included 11 innovative in-hospital ethics seminars, preceded and followed by interviews with most participants. The settings were obstetric, neonatal and haematology units in a teaching hospital and a district general hospital in England. Fifty-six health service staff in obstetric, neonatal, haematology, and related community and management services participated; 12 attended two seminars, giving a total of 68 attendances and 59 follow-up evaluation interviews. The 11 seminars facilitated by an ethicist addressed the key local concerns of staff about the social and ethical consequences of advances in genetics and their impact on professional policies and practice. Seminar agendas were drawn from prior interviews with 70 staff members. During evaluation interviews, participants commented on general aspects that they had enjoyed, how the sessions could be improved, timing, the mix of participants, the quality of the facilitation, whether sessions should be more challenging, after-effects of sessions, and interest in attending seminars and contacting the ethicist in future. Participants valued the increased interprofessional understanding and coherent discussion of many pressing issues that addressed important though seldom discussed ethical questions. The seminars worked well in the different hospitals and specialties.

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Marangos, John, Nikos Astroulakis, and Eirini Triarchi. "The advancement of development ethics." Panoeconomicus, no. 00 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan180518003m.

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An advancement that includes the intellectual history of development ethics is examined in this paper. Relying upon contributions of distinguished scholars, this inquiry considers the intellectual history of the sub-field known as "development ethics". Special attention is paid to the pioneering development ethicist Denis Goulet, recognized as the founder of the field. The paper concentrates on individual contributions on a variety of issues, emphasizing linkages to Goulet?s conception of tasks, methods and normative principles. Students of international development can benefit from this distinctive perspective where ethics is integrated into economic development, disclosing an enlightened perspective of an ethical developing world. Overall, the goal is to establish development ethics as an important subcategory of development economics in regards with its ethical aspects and one which deserves greater attention from economists and development studies scholars.

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Rendl, Marina V. "Some Questions to Georg Simmel’s Ethics (in his Essay “The Individual Law”)." Ethical Thought 21, no. 2 (2021): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-2-104-115.

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Georg Simmel’s heritage is seldom identified with the subject of ethics. He is mostly considered as a representative of the ‘philosophy of life’, who didn’t make a significant contribution to its development. Some of his works, in which he has worked out a peculiar ethical representation, seem more surprising. This ‘popular’ ethic is attractive today because it focuses on the real, living person with fragile existence and easy changeable values, ideals and principles. His or her actions don’t always correspond to the ethical model, but it doesn’t mean that they are unethical. Ethics as a theory doesn’t match with ethics as the real practice of human life: this idea represents Simmel’s starting point and forms his concept as the ethics of individuality. I would like to discuss some conspicuous problems in Simmel’s interpretation of ethics in his essay ‘the individual law’ as well as his criticism of the general ethics of Immanuel Kant. Simmel asks basic questions that each intelligent person is concerned with: What is the meaning of duty and morality? How should you adapt these categories to your own life? Can a person do something without ethics? The Simmel’s solutions are not ideal. They ask for comments. I want to discuss their advantages and disadvantages and see whether Simmel’s project can be explained as ethics at all.

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Briando, Bobby, and Muhamad Ali Embi. "Prophetic Ethics: The Basic Value of Public Service Ethics." Journal of Governance and Development (JGD), Number 2 (December 31, 2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jgd2020.16.2.4.

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Dialectics of public service in providing services to the community is always involved in social interactions that do not stop. Very complex interactions involving not only theories related to public service, but also heterogeneous and dynamic human individuals who are involved either directly or indirectly. This research aims to build the concept of prophetic ethics as the basis of the ethical values of public service. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach in building the concept of prophetic ethics. The main bases of the theory are adopted from the spirit and the prophetic principle of profetic which is classified respectively into the four elements of the establishment, namely humanity, scholarly, pregnancy as well as humanist, emancypatorist, transcendental and Teleological. This ethical concept has an orientation on the highest human spiritual peaks, namely the divine and prophetic consciousness. With such awareness of public service not only give service to society in general, but also as a form of devotion of a servant to the creator. Prophetic ethic recognizes the existence of empirical knowledge and not empirical. From the science was then made a practical formulation in the form of “prophetic law”, which was finally called by the name “prophetic ethics”. Prophetic ethics is an endeavor that the writer undertakes in internalizing a principle and spirit that holds fast to a holistic awareness that is divine and prophetic awareness. Thus the concept of public service is not only to dethrone obligations in providing service but also as a form of devotion of a servant to its creator.

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Gillett, G. "Ethical Debate: Practical ethics." BMJ 311, no. 6997 (July 8, 1995): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6997.118.

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Katz, Eric. "A Theory of General Ethics." Environmental Ethics 31, no. 2 (2009): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics200931223.

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Kaplan, Brian. "Bioethics, General Ethics and CAM." Bioethics 31, no. 3 (October 21, 2016): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12302.

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Hope, Tony. "General and applied psychiatric ethics." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 4, no. 5 (October 1991): 778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199110000-00027.

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Charlton, Bruce G. "General and applied psychiatric ethics." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 5, no. 5 (October 1992): 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199210000-00026.

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Ramaswamy, R., K. L. Sebastian, and N. Mukunda. "General editorial on publication ethics." Resonance 19, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-014-0002-5.

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Ramaswamy, R., and Rajaram Nityananda. "General editorial on publication ethics." Resonance 20, no. 2 (February 2015): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-015-0156-9.

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Joshi, Amitabh, and N. Sathyamurthy. "General Editorial on Publication Ethics." Resonance 23, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-018-0586-2.

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Sathyamurthy, N. "General Editorial on Publication Ethics." Resonance 24, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-019-0753-0.

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MacKay, Charles, Patricia D. Murphy, Robert A. Smith, Lisa Bailey, Jeff Boyd, Wylie Burke, Robert K. Gleeson, et al. "Industry, ethics, and general medicine." Cancer 80, S3 (August 1, 1997): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970801)80:3+<635::aid-cncr17>3.0.co;2-f.

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Schreiner, Paul-Werner. "Ethics, applied Ethics, professional Ethics." Pflege 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302.14.1.17.

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In der Studie «Der Bekanntheitsgrad berufsethischer Grundregeln innerhalb der Berufsgruppe der Pflegenden»1 wird die Kodifizierung berufsethischer Normen als eine zu durchlaufende Stufe zu einer eigenständigen Pflegeethik verstanden. Bei der im Rahmen der Studie durchgeführten Befragung finden die Autoren/-innen heraus, dass der Bekanntheitsgrad in Deutschland unzureichend ist. Daraus wird die Schlussfolgerung gezogen, dass die Krankenpflege in Deutschland diese Stufe einer eigenständigen Pflegeethik noch nicht erklommen hat. Dies und der bei der Befragung deutlich gewordene Wunsch nach mehr Informationen veranlasst die Autoren/-innen zu fordern, dass in der Aus- und Fortbildung bessere Angebote bezüglich berufsethischer Normen gemacht werden sollten. Pflegeethik – was auch immer konkret darunter zu verstehen ist – ist eine angewandte Ethik. Im Folgenden werden in einem ersten Schritt der Begriff «Ethik» definiert und die Besonderheiten dargelegt, die in der heutigen Zeit hinsichtlich dieses Begriffes zu bedenken sind. In einem zweiten Schritt wird danach gefragt, was vor diesem Hintergrund eine angewandte Ethik sein kann, um dann schließlich in einem dritten Schritt zu bedenken, was berufsethische Normen sind, wie und warum sie zustande kommen sowie welche Bedeutung und Relevanz sie für eine entsprechende angewandte Ethik haben können.

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Floridi, Luciano. "Soft ethics, the governance of the digital and the General Data Protection Regulation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2133 (October 15, 2018): 20180081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0081.

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The article discusses the governance of the digital as the new challenge posed by technological innovation. It then introduces a new distinction between soft ethics , which applies after legal compliance with legislation, such as the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union, and hard ethics , which precedes and contributes to shape legislation. It concludes by developing an analysis of the role of digital ethics with respect to digital regulation and digital governance. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal, and technical opportunities and challenges’.

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Vanacker, Bastiaan. "Virtue ethics, situationism and casuistry: toward a digital ethics beyond exemplars." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 19, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-12-2020-0126.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose an ethical approach best suited to dealing with the issues of digital ethics in general and internet research ethics in particular. Design/methodology/approach This article engages with the existing literature on virtue ethics, situationism and digital (research) ethics. Findings A virtue-based casuistic method could be well-suited to deal with issues relating to digital ethics in general and internet research ethics in particular as long as it can take place in communities with shared practices and traditions. Originality/value These insights could add and further deepen the rich debate about research ethics that is already ongoing within the internet research community.

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Fatimah, Fatimah, Susiati Susiati, Noch Fernando Jelira, Chairul Basrun Umanailo, and Saidna Zulfikar Bin Tahir. "Environmental Ethics of Kaki Air Village Community at Teluk Kaiely District Buru Regency." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v4i3.18162.

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The purpose of this research is to 1) identify the community's ethical principles and 2) identify the variables that contribute to the establishment of community environmental ethics in Kaki Air Village. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological orientation. The statistics were compiled through primary and secondary sources, with the major source being the residents of Kaki Air VillageThis study included non-participatory observation and field survey techniques (field study), as well as interviews (interviews), documentation studies, and literature research.. The data analysis step entails the reduction of data, its display, verification, and analysis. The study's findings indicate that the residents of Kaki Air Village have a particular brand of environmental ethics, namely that 1) humans are a part of nature. The visible qualities are divine values in this type of ethics; 2) nature is not to be dominated. This ethics upholds the virtue of politeness; 3) Support of other animals' rights to life. Concerning the ideals engendered by this ethics, namely the value of oneness; 4) exposing flaws in the maintenance system. This ethic is based on human and cultural values; 5) nature must be conserved. The ideals included in this ethics, particularly the value of wisdom and traditional values; 6) environmental stewardship. The principles created by this ethics are those of care and wisdom; 7) respect for the environment. The values produced by this ethic are those of concern and traditional values. The following elements contribute to the development of environmental ethical principles in the Kaki Air Village community: 1) attitude of the public; 2) natural environment; 3) regulation; 4) customs; 5) traditions; 6) sasi (Customary Law); 7) mata kao; 8) belief in the sacred; 9) belief in the landlord.

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Siau, Keng, and Weiyu Wang. "Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics." Journal of Database Management 31, no. 2 (April 2020): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2020040105.

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Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology has achieved many great things, such as facial recognition, medical diagnosis, and self-driving cars. AI promises enormous benefits for economic growth, social development, as well as human well-being and safety improvement. However, the low-level of explainability, data biases, data security, data privacy, and ethical problems of AI-based technology pose significant risks for users, developers, humanity, and societies. As AI advances, one critical issue is how to address the ethical and moral challenges associated with AI. Even though the concept of “machine ethics” was proposed around 2006, AI ethics is still in the infancy stage. AI ethics is the field related to the study of ethical issues in AI. To address AI ethics, one needs to consider the ethics of AI and how to build ethical AI. Ethics of AI studies the ethical principles, rules, guidelines, policies, and regulations that are related to AI. Ethical AI is an AI that performs and behaves ethically. One must recognize and understand the potential ethical and moral issues that may be caused by AI to formulate the necessary ethical principles, rules, guidelines, policies, and regulations for AI (i.e., Ethics of AI). With the appropriate ethics of AI, one can then build AI that exhibits ethical behavior (i.e., Ethical AI). This paper will discuss AI ethics by looking at the ethics of AI and ethical AI. What are the perceived ethical and moral issues with AI? What are the general and common ethical principles, rules, guidelines, policies, and regulations that can resolve or at least attenuate these ethical and moral issues with AI? What are some of the necessary features and characteristics of an ethical AI? How to adhere to the ethics of AI to build ethical AI?

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Huber, Wolfgang. "Why ethics?" STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.17570/stj.2015.v1n1.a7.

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In this address, the author explores the necessity of ethical reflection on our moral responsibility regarding the challenges of today’s globalized world and the future of humankind in the midst of God’s creation. In this context, the differentiation of modern ethics is seen as accompanied by the task to reintegrate the ethical discourse by means of an interdisciplinary exchange and to further especially the dialogue between theological and philosophical ethics. By agreeing on Hans-Richard Reuter’s characterization of theological ethics, the author sees no shortcoming in its recourse to the Christian ethos but a representation of the general case that there is no such a thing as an ethics without position. Putting its emphasis on the element of self-transcendence of the human person in his or her relations of responsibility is what marks theological ethics as specifically “theological”. That includes an understanding of the human person as a relational and communicative being, and of theological ethics as an integrative ethics of responsibility.

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Bellemare, Christian A., Pierre Dagenais, Suzanne K.-Bédard, Jean-Pierre Béland, Louise Bernier, Charles-Étienne Daniel, Hubert Gagnon, Georges-Auguste Legault, Monelle Parent, and Johane Patenaude. "ETHICS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, no. 5 (2018): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318000508.

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Objectives:Integration of ethics into health technology assessment (HTA) remains challenging for HTA practitioners. We conducted a systematic review on social and methodological issues related to ethical analysis in HTA. We examined: (1) reasons for integrating ethics (social needs); (2) obstacles to ethical integration; (3) concepts and processes deployed in ethical evaluation (more specifically value judgments) and critical analyses of formal experimentations of ethical evaluation in HTA.Methods:Search criteria included “ethic,” “technology assessment,” and “HTA”. The literature search was done in Medline/Ovid, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the international HTA Database. Screening of citations, full-text screening, and data extraction were performed by two subgroups of two independent reviewers. Data extracted from articles were grouped into categories using a general inductive method.Results:A list of 1,646 citations remained after the removal of duplicates. Of these, 132 were fully reviewed, yielding 67 eligible articles for analysis. The social need most often reported was to inform policy decision making. The absence of shared standard models for ethical analysis was the obstacle to integration most often mentioned. Fairness and Equity and values embedded in Principlism were the values most often mentioned in relation to ethical evaluation.Conclusions:Compared with the scientific experimental paradigm, there are no settled proceedings for ethics in HTA nor consensus on the role of ethical theory and ethical expertise hindering its integration. Our findings enable us to hypothesize that there exists interdependence between the three issues studied in this work and that value judgments could be their linking concept.

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White, Thomas I. "Business, Ethics, and Carol Gilligan's “Two Voices”." Business Ethics Quarterly 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857223.

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This article argues that Carol Gilligan's research in moral development psychology, work which claims that women speak about ethics in a “different voice” than men do, is applicable to business ethics. This essay claims that Gilligan's “ethic of care” provides a plausible explanation for the results of two studies that found men and women handling ethical dilemmas in business differently. This paper also speculates briefly about the management implications of Gilligan's ideas.

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Allnutt, Stephen H., and David Chaplow. "General Principles of Forensic Report Writing." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 6 (December 2000): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000486700273.

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Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an update of principles of forensic report writing, to guide and assist registrars, junior consultants and psychiatrists considering working within the forensic arena. Method: The literature was reviewed for information on principles of report writing from a variety of jurisdictions. Additionally, literature on medical ethics was examined. Result: Writing reports is a professional activity that most psychiatrists undertake at some point in their careers. The report represents the psychiatrist's professional opinion. It is important that information is accurate, relevant and ethical. In writing medico-legal reports, psychiatry deviates from traditional medical ethics. Conclusion: It is important that psychiatrists who write reports have a good understanding of the process and behave ethically and competently.

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Treviño, Linda Klebe, and Gary R. Weaver. "Organizational Justice and Ethics Program “Follow-Through”: Influences on Employees’ Harmful and Helpful Behavior." Business Ethics Quarterly 11, no. 4 (October 2001): 651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857765.

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Abstract:Organizational justice and injustice are widely noted influences on employees’ ethical behavior. Corporate ethics programs also raise issues of justice; organizations that fail to “follow-through” on their ethics policies may be perceived as violating employees’ expectations of procedural and retributive justice. In this empirical study of four large corporations, we considered employees’ perceptions of general organizational justice, and their perceptions of ethics program follow-through, in relation to unethical behavior that harms the organization, and to employees’ willingness to help the organization by reporting ethical problems and issues to management. Results show that when employees perceive general organizational justice and ethics program follow-through, there is less unethical behavior and greater willingness to report problems. General justice and ethics program follow-through also interact with each other, showing that the impact of ethics initiatives is influenced by the organizational context.

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Payne, Dinah M., Christy Corey, Cecily Raiborn, and Matthew Zingoni. "An applied code of ethics model for decision-making in the accounting profession." Management Research Review 43, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-10-2018-0380.

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Purpose The purpose of paper is to supply a code of ethics that can be easily utilized by working professional in their day to day decision making. The accounting profession plays a vital role in the functioning of modern society. It is essential that members of this profession be ethical and stand fast against the internal and external pressures that might encourage these professionals to engage in fraudulent activities. Codes of ethics provide a coherent articulation of the ideals, responsibilities and limitations of the collective ethic of a profession’s members and can assist in guiding ethical behavior. Design/methodology/approach Our model is based on the professional values of justice, utility, competence and utility, i.e. JUCI model, which is a straightforward and easily understandable ethical decision-making model that the average accounting professional, as well as finance professionals in general, may reference when challenged with difficult ethical quandaries. Findings This code, the JUCI Code, represents a contribution to the literature in that its simple, but not simplistic, approach could be of enormous benefit to busy and pressured accountants who need help in constructing independently achieved and defensible rational ethical decisions in the practice of accounting. Originality/value In this paper, the authors build upon a review of ethical foundations and codes of conduct in other professions to construct our code of ethics for accounting professionals.

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Tjeltveit, Alan C. "The Psychotherapist as Christian Ethicist: Theology Applied to Practice." Journal of Psychology and Theology 20, no. 2 (June 1992): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719202000202.

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The ethical nature of human transformation in general and psychotherapy in particular means that therapists function as applied ethicists. Efforts to relate or integrate theology and therapy must therefore address ethical issues. Disciplines that might provide a basis for ethical positions–-science and ethics (including Christian ethics)–-are reviewed, along with the adequacy of the scientist-practitioner model to inform the ethical aspects of practice. The specific contributions of Christian ethics to the dialogue needed between ethicists, theologians, and psychotherapy theorists and practitioners are discussed. Implications for training and continuing professional development are considered.

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Kang, Byung Gyoo, Keh Vin Yee, Boon Hoe Goh, Wee Kang Choong, and Tuck Wai Yeong. "Ethical Directions and Cultural Dimensions of Construction Professionals in Malaysia: With a Framework of Ethical Decision Making." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2875.

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Corporate ethics and business ethics are becoming new requirements for a successful business in the 21st century. This trend continues to be strengthened throughout the industries and the construction industry cannot be exceptional. This research provides a practical framework of ethical decision making for construction together with the perceptions of construction professionals in respect to ethics and culture. A project factor approach is incorporated in the framework to reflect the unique feature of construction. The framework is based on Agent (virtue ethics) - Action (deontology) Results (consequentialism) model and the stakeholder concept of construction projects. The framework also intends to identify the ethical directions either mean-oriented or end-oriented. The effectiveness of the framework has been proved through a survey with construction professionals in Malaysia. The survey also includes cultural dimensions as ethic is a subset of culture. The outcomes of the survey shows that the construction professional in Malaysia are slightly more mean-oriented than end-oriented, and their cultural dimensions are more power oriented (PDI), more individualistic (IDV) and more masculine (MAS) compared to the Malaysia national level cultural dimensions.

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Chukwuedo, Samson Onyeluka, and Charles Chukwuedo Nathaniel. "TEACHER EDUCATION POLICY, ETHICS, AND QUALITY OF GRADUATES: TRIAD ENTITIES FOR REMODELING GENERAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/20.12.92.

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The rating of an education system largely depends on the policy, ethical practices, and quality of the graduates. Thus, this research explores lecturers’ perception of the teacher education policy, ethics, and quality of its graduates. The research also theorized that policy, ethics, and quality are triad entities of an ideal educational institution. Hence, the relations between policy, ethics, and quality of graduate teachers were ascertained. The mixed-method design (qualitative and quantitative approaches) was employed. Participants were 606 lecturers of colleges of education and universities in Nigeria. For data collection, questionnaire and focus group discussions were employed. The questionnaire was validated by three experts, while its reliability (α = .889) was determined using Cronbach’s alpha method. Quantitative data were analysed with mean, standard deviation, and bivariate correlation. To analyse the qualitative data, thematic analysis was employed. Results revealed that teacher education policy and ethical practices in Nigeria were unsatisfactory, as perceived by the lecturers. More so, the quality of graduate teachers from Nigerian tertiary institutions declines. Hence, the need for attention on policy, ethics, and quality in teacher education programmes. Keywords: teacher education, education policy, ethics in education, quality of graduates, vocational education

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Koehn, Daryl. "Virtue Ethics, the Firm, and Moral Psychology." Business Ethics Quarterly 8, no. 3 (July 1998): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857434.

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Abstract:Business ethicists have increasingly used Aristotelian “virtue ethics” to analyze the actions of business people and to explore the question of what the standard of ethical behavior is. These analyses have raised many important issues and opened up new avenues for research. But the time has come to examine in some detail possible limitations or weaknesses in virtue ethics. This paper argues that Aristotelian virtue ethics is subject to many objections because the psychology implicit within the ethic is not well-suited for analyzing some problematic forms of behavior. Part One offers a brief overview of the firm and of the good life from a virtue ethics perspective. Part Two develops a number of criticisms of this perspective.

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Konstańczak, Stefan. "Pomiędzy tradycją a filozofią analityczną. Karola Frenkla (1891–1920) droga do etyki naukowej." Galicja. Studia i materiały 8 (2022): 264–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/galisim.2022.8.18.

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Karol Frenkel took as the object of his research the inner need to come to terms with the tradition in which he had been brought up. He developed an original conception of independent ethics. In his doctoral thesis, he analysed two competing ethical systems formulated by David Hume and Arthur Schopenhauer, which sought ethical determinants in the affective sphere. These proposals proved unsatisfactory to him, which is why he proposed his own solution, derived from his understanding of the concept of morality. From today’s perspective, it was the first attempt to formulate a concept of analytic ethics, which chronologically speaking preceded the analogous solutions proposed by George Moore in Principia Ethica.

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Duska, Ronald F. "Why Business Ethics Needs Rhetoric: An Aristotelian Perspective." Business Ethics Quarterly 24, no. 1 (January 2014): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20141271.

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ABSTRACT:If the ultimate purpose of ethical argument is to persuade people to act a certain way, the point of doing business ethics is to persuade others about what constitutes proper ethical behavior. Given that teleological perspective, the role of the business ethicist is to be an orator or rhetorician. Further, since one cannot expect more certitude than the subject warrants, from Aristotle’s perspective,while rhetoric is the most persuasive means of arguing, it is not scientific demonstration. Rhetoric uses examples and enthymemes. Such an approach answers the postmodern claim that ethical argument cannot lead to certitude and shows how the use of rhetoric helps avoid relativism and leads to more effective persuasion. According to Aristotle, rhetoric involves gaining truth with a “rough and general sketch.” This rhetorical approach allows the listener to “see as” the persuader sees, by attending to aspects of our shared experience and language. This mirrors insights of Kant’s reflexive judgment in his third critique as well as the later Wittgenstein, who compares ethics to aesthetics.

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El Hakim, Himas Muhammady Imammullah. "PEMANTAPAN DIMENSI ETIKA DAN ASAS SEBAGAI PENGUATAN SISTEM HUKUM LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA." Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/aclj.v2i3.18041.

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Humans as social beings who use the environment make the law an instrument of regulation and protection. Laws relating to the environment itself systemically provide both general and specific regulation. However, environmental law instruments still require further development through strengthening of the ethical dimension. Ethics as one of the norms that can be codified and processed through the judiciary can strengthen the implementation of environmental law. The study was conducted by means of a literature study and analysis in order to find ethical positions and opportunities in the environmental law system. The Job Creation Act which directly changes the politics of environmental law certainly presents its own challenges. This development requires encouragement from other systems, one of which is ethics by presenting a positive ethical system as a law of ethics, both code of ethics and court of ethics. ethical law system that specifically regulates environmental law then requires general principles so that the ethical law instrument can take shape and be applied properly. There are several general principles of environmental law ethics, including the principle of clarity of purpose, the principle of independence, the principle of justice, the principle of certainty, the principle of benefit, the principle of balance, the principle of openness and the principle of protection. The challenge of implementing the general principles of environmental law ethics is in both substantial and formal dimensions that can be encouraged by the holders of power as constitutional mandates in the context of realizing the ideals of the state through the implementation of the mandate of the MPR Decree VI/MPR/2001 concerning the Ethics of the Nation's Life.

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Primanagara, Risnandya, and Atik Sutisna. "Ethics on Health Related Data Researches in Indonesia." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 6140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12654.

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There have been mindset changes when considering research on health data. In the past, health records were not considered as an ethical issue according to the declaration of Helsinki in Ethic Human Researches. But nowadays, the latest guidelines on ethics on health related researches implemented to the health data. Indonesia was not fully apply this ethical research on health data, because of several reasons Multiple article described how to imply the latest ethical procedure on health related data, and reviewed to find the most beneficial for health data researchers in Indonesia. Several methods are found to be beneficial, but somehow were not feasible to Indonesian culture. There are options, such as: consent/assent, anonymization, or use under a public interest mandate. Discussions: There is still no best solution for Health related data ethic in Indonesia because somehow the procedures is unsatisfactory and problematic. Somehow, this ethical procedure is up to us to consider.

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Adiwijaya, Dominique Rio. "Perbandingan antara Etika Jürgen Habermas dan Richard Rorty sebagai Prinsip Dasar Bertindak Manusia." Humaniora 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2010): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v1i2.2862.

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Ethics without doubt is an issue in every scientific field. Questions on ethics are not merely questions on the responsibility of one or two specific individuals, but rather as what have been defined accurately by Immanuel Kant in Critique of Practical Reason – as question of all humanity as a thinking creature and the freedom of choice on, “what should I do”. From Kant’s definition, we may infer that if human can not think and not free in determining their choice, it would be almost impossible to hope for moral responsibility. However this article does not mean to give a full and historical description on ethics, but a sketch on discourse of contemporary ethics which is represented by two famous philosophers, Jürgen Habermas from the tradition of Critical Theory from Frankfurt School, dan Richard Rorty with “Neo-Pragmatism”. Habermas proposes “discourse ethics” while Rorty proposes ethic concepts through his “liberal-ironists”. It is hoped that the assembly of readers may gain an insight of the unavoidable ethics problems since every ethical position must be theory laden and the theory itself has historical characteristics (the characteristics, origin and historical context of the schools behind it). Therefore ethics is a neverending reflection although it has been started from 2500 years ago. Ethics invites us from specific sciences to enter its general discourse which unavoidably all-encompassing in its nature.

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Li, Dan, and Yang Ai. "Ethics Acculturation of International Counseling Students." Journal of International Students 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 1103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i4.1442.

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Counseling ethics is a complex discipline; it is more than the acquisition of ethical principles, codes of ethics, and standards of practice. To disentangle the intricacies of ethics education, we use the acculturation model to conceptualize students’ learning of counseling ethics, particularly international students who experience acculturation in the general sense and the acculturation of ethics in the counseling profession specifically. A case study is presented to illustrate the four acculturation strategies that students may adopt in ethical decision-making. Implications for counselor education, practice, and research are provided.

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Uys, Leana R. "Are ethics committees always ethical?" International Journal of Nursing Practice 12, no. 1 (February 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172x.2006.00549.x.

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Spence, D. "Ethics committees: an ethical dilemma." BMJ 343, sep21 1 (September 21, 2011): d6002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6002.

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Gleason, A. Tucker. "Resources for Ethical Decision-Making." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 7, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-21-00175.

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Purpose: This article is written from the perspective of a former American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Board of Ethics (BOE) member and focuses on Step 3 of the ethical decision-making process: consulting resources. The ASHA Code of Ethics, the Assistants Code of Conduct, and general procedures of the BOE are summarized. Given that many of the complaints reviewed and settled by the ASHA BOE arise from disciplinary actions imposed by state licensing boards and state or federal courts, the “intersection” of the ASHA BOE and other regulatory agencies is considered. Several ethics resources available on the ASHA website are highlighted. Common themes of ethics complaints are presented, and suggestions to avoid being the subject of an ethics complaint are offered. Conclusion: Familiarity with available ethics resources can serve as an important buffer for ethical dilemmas that may occur in everyday professional practice.

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Makasehva, Nataliia. "Ethics and the General Economic Theory." Problems of Economic Transition 37, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991370474.

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VANDEVELDE, Antoon. "A General Theory of Business Ethics?" Ethical Perspectives 4, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ep.4.4.562987.

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Hunt, Shelby D., and Scott Vitell. "A General Theory of Marketing Ethics." Journal of Macromarketing 6, no. 1 (June 1986): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027614678600600103.

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Journal articles on the topic 'General ethics'

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