Academic literature on the topic 'General Idi Amin Dada'

This study analyzed the ruling of the Idi Amin Dada. This used to identify how he oppressed his people cruelly. This study applied Marxist theory by Karl Marx and social class by Lewis. In addition, this study also explained how the new independent country ruled by the military system. Marxist Theory and social class theory analyzed the class onflict between the strong and the weak people. Status in social analysis and in practice, the notion of social class The dictatorships of his government made thousands people killed. This study applied qualitative research method. The data obtained from the scene and script of the rise and Fall Idi Amin Movie. The result of the study that the oppression occurred during his ruling country. The oppressions were he oppressed his people by his power. His soldiers who oppressed civil cruelly. Then the oppression occurred between man and women, this reflected General Idi Amin and his wives. The last was he oppressed the foreigners to get out of Uganda. Keywords : oppression, ruling and idi Amin

"The 1972 expulsion of Asians from Uganda by the President of the time, General Idi Amin Dada, is one of the most traumatic events that Uganda has suffered. This article examines how this event is imagined in Jagjit Singh’s ‘Portrait of an Asian as an East African’ (1971). I am interested in three inter-related issues that the poet depicts in this work: the pain of being uprooted from a place one has known as home, only to be cast into a state of statelessness and refugeehood; the nature and character of the emergent postcolony that the poem speaks to; and the ability of poetry to give prescient insights, given the fact the poem was published a year before the expulsion was announced. In the close reading of the poem that I perform in this paper, I pay special attention to the poetic devices that the poet deploys to speak to the three issues that I have mentioned above, and the success with which he does this."

To what extent has politics in Uganda changed since the era of egregious human rights abuses under General Idi Amin? Using the new book on law and politics in Uganda under Museveni referenced below as focal point, this essay answers that question in a discussion that also sketches three themes, testimony to the plasticity of the human rights doctrine, including the expanding boundaries of human rights in (East) Africa.

The political history of post-colonial Uganda is about as fascinating as that of any post-colonial state. The styles of key political figures, including Milton Obote and Idi Amin Dada, who have had the privilege of leading the country, are central to this fascination. Yet, since becoming Uganda’s leader in 1986, President Yoweri Museveni appears to have outdone his predecessors so much so that an entire generation cares little of the country’s history before Museveni. In 2021, the Ugandan people are scheduled to go to the polls in a presidential election. Following the success of a bill in parliament to expunge an upper age limit to contest for the office of president, the seventy-five -year-old Museveni is set to seek an additional mandate. Unlike in his previous electoral contests, however, Museveni faces the challenge of a man less than half his age. Thirty-seven year-old Robert Kyagulanyi is among the most successful popular musicians in East Africa. Kyagulanyi has since exploited his success and fame to become an elected Member of Uganda’s Parliament. Barely two years after the artist materialised as a politician, the Ghetto President, as he is popularly known, has declared his intention to run for the office Museveni occupies, against Museveni. Since Museveni permitted electoral contests for the presidency of Uganda, he has remained defiantly invincible. How does Kyagulanyi propose to undo this, and why does he think he can, to the extent of daring? Drawing on a socio-biographical analysis of the celebrity MP, some strategic interviewing and student-participant observation, the article engages the dynamics inherent with some of these issues.

We have to explain not only why there is so much difference between cultures on ethical questions, but also why there is so much concurrence at a general level. If the most basic ethical values are objective and cultures use those basic building stones to construct implicit ethical arguments in the form of secondary and tertiary values, then we have an explanation for both similarities and differences. The base-line core is shred; the upper tiers differ by culture. Requiring cross-cultural concurrence not only separates out core values from secondary ones, but also provides a check that a whole culture has not gone awry due to local circumstances. Without some form of objectivity, there is no firm grounding other than taste for criticizing whatever happen to be another culture's values, or even for reforming one's own. Without objectivity there is no firm grounding for moral objections to someone from a different culture - such as Hitler or Idi Amin.

During the 1970’s, majority of states, including Kenya followed the practice of recognizing states and not governments. In so doing, they downplayed the granting of formal recognition to new governments. Kenya’s policy, then, was clearly stated in parliament in 1971 when the then foreign affairs minister, Dr. Njoroge Mungai, was asked to comment on the Kenya government’s position on the military regime of General Idi Amin of Uganda. He stated, “Kenya could not afford to interfere with internal matters of another state nor let any state interfere with internal matters of Kenya.” However, during the Post–Cold War period, Kenya’s recognition policy underwent major transformations to include recognition of de jure governments. This study critically examines Kenya’s practice during and after the Cold War in a bid to reveal any distinct policy trends if any. The study aims to ascertain how, Kenya’s recognition policy, has largely, been formulated, articulated and exercised during Moi’s administration (1978-1990).

The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights was adopted unanimously in June, 1981, by the Organisation of African Unity (O.A.U.). Although it is not yet in force its adoption represents an important landmark in the protection and promotion of human rights on the African continent. The O.A.U. has in the past been sharply criticized for its apparent indifference to the suppression of human rights in a number of independent African States. Although the founding Charter of the O.A.U. of 1961 makes reference to the issue of human rights in Article II l (e) and also mentions in general terms the need to promote the welfare and well-being of the African people, its primary concern has been with the eradication of colonialism andapartheidon the African continent. In this context it is clearly committed to the achievement of human rights and self-determination of the peoples of South Africa and Namibia. However, other breaches of human rights on a widespread scale, such as the massacre of thousands of the Bahutu tribe of Burundi in 1973, was neither discussed nor condemned by the O.A.U. Similarly, the mass murders and other atrocities during the former regime of Idi Amin (Uganda 1971–79) and subsequently and also those which took place during the regime of Jean-Bedel Bokassa, (Central African Republic 1966–79) and Marcias

Nesta dissertação, investimos na depreensão e no cotejo dos ethé das instâncias dos enunciadores e dos atores do enunciado de duas totalidades fílmicas: o subgênero drama político, O último rei da Escócia, dirigido pelo norte-americano, Kevin MacDonald, em 2006, e o documentário-verdade, General Idi Amin Dada: um autorretrato, dirigido pelo francês Barbet Schroeder, em 1974, na perspectiva da Semiótica francesa. Os enunciadores correspondem ao simulacro de sujeito dos cineastas, em conjunção com roteiristas, operadores de iluminação e de som; e os atores do enunciado correspondem ao simulacro de sujeito de Idi Amin Dada nos filmes. Entende-se o ethos na visada da Semiótica narrativa e discursiva, como um modo recorrente de fazer e ser, depreensível por meio de um percurso gerativo de sentido. As ações dos sujeitos ligadas ao fazer oscilam devido à influência das grandezas, intensidade e extensidade, que os aspectualizam, por meio do olhar do observador, representado pelos espectadores, cujas percepções são temporalizadas, controladas pelo andamento, princípios advindos da Semiótica tensiva. Os ethé dos enunciadores estão diretamente relacionados aos recursos fílmicos: tipos de plano, enquadramentos, tipos de ângulo, movimentos de câmara, iluminação, efeitos sonoros. Todos esses elementos também participam da composição dos ethé dos atores, acrescidos dos elementos corporais, como: gestos, expressão facial, olhar e forma de se mover no espaço. Pautando-nos nos trabalhos de Yuri Lotman (1978), Greimas e Courtès (1979; 2008), Elizabeth Harkot-de-La-Taille (2004; 2008), Norma Discini de Campos (2009; 2006) e Fiorin (2008), analisamos os recursos fílmicos e gestuais, cujas significações erigem da combinação do plano do conteúdo e do plano da expressão, submetidos à percepção dos espectadores. Para tanto, elencamos três cenas emblemáticas de cada filme. Primeiramente, nós as cotejamos separadamente em cada obra, a fim de verificar a possibilidade de convergência ou divergência entre o ethos do enunciador e o do ator do enunciado. Em seguida, cotejamos os dois filmes, a fim de verificar o grau de convergência ou divergência entre os ethé dos enunciadores e entre atores com os estilos dos subgêneros.
In this dissertation, we observe and compare the ethos of the enunciators and the actors of enunciation of two movie subgenres: the political drama The last king of Scotland, directed by the North American filmmaker Kevin McDonald (2006), and the documentary General Idi Amin Dada: a selfportrait (1974), directed by the French filmmaker Barbet Schroeder, from the perspective of French Semiotics. The enunciators correspond to the simulacrum of the subjects responsible for the movie: filmmakers, screen players, sound editor, photography etc; and the actors of the enunciation correspond to the subject Idi Amin Dada. Ethos in the perspective of narrative and discursive semiotics is understood as resulting from repetitive ways of doing and being, which are recognized in the generative process of meaning. The actions of the actors, which are related to the way of doing, vary according to the influence of two valencies: intensity and extensity, which aspectualize them through the viewers gaze, represented by the spectators, whose perceptions are time-measured and controlled by the pacing, principle derived from tensive Semiotics. The ethos of the enunciators is apprehended from the filmic elements: types of plan, framing, angle, camera movements, lighting, sound effects and body elements: gestures, facial expression, gaze and movement in space. Based on the works of Yuri Lotman (1978), Greimas and Courtès (1979), Elizabeth Harkot de-La-Taille (2004), Norma Discini de Campos (2009; 2006), Fiorin (2004; 2008), we perform an analysis of filmic and gestural features of three emblematic scenes in each movie, whose meanings come from the combination of the content and the expression plan submitted to the perception of viewers. Firstly, we compare them separately in order to verify the possibility of convergence or divergence between the ethos of the enunciator and the actor. Then we compare both films in order to verify the degree of convergence or divergence between the ethos of enunciators and the style of each subgenre.

Le mémoire qui suit a pour objectif de faire ressortir les grandes lignes du traitement de la prise de pouvoir d’Amin, de la crise de la déportation des Asiatiques ainsi que de la rupture des liens diplomatiques entre la Grande-Bretagne et l’Ouganda telles que vues par le London Times et le Guardian. Il s’attardera également sur les divergences et les convergences entre les deux médias. Dans la mesure où elles sont assez distinctes pour représenter des approches à part entière, elle essaiera d’identifier les éléments qui influencent/structurent ces différentes approches en référence aux thèmes mentionnés auparavant.

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Idi Amin Dada, the president of Uganda between 1971 and 1979. More than forty years after his overthrow and eighteen years after his death, he remains a key point of reference in Ugandan culture and politics. Elsewhere in the world, his name has become synonymous with brutal and psychotic African dictatorship. In many of the popular and sensational texts, a racist anthropology relates Amin's atrocities to the supposed traditional ways of the Kakwa tribe; in some of the more academic work, his origins link his actions, through deep historical roots, to aspects of Nile Valley history and the wider North-East African past. Most Ugandans and historians of Uganda agree that his rule, covering eight years in the 1970s, was a crucial period in the collapse of the Ugandan economy and society, though the process worsened after his departure. The chapter then explains that Amin's image as an icon of evil came about because he fits, almost parodically, the long-standing stereotype of African masculinity as intrinsically violent, irrational, autocratic, and dangerous.

Elemental nitrogen (N2) makes up 80% of the atmosphere (by volume) and represents the dominant form of atmospheric nitrogen gas. Despite its high atmospheric abundance, N2 is generally nonreactive, due to strong triple bonding between the N atoms, making much of this N2 pool unavailable to organisms. In fact, only 2% of this N2 pool is believed to be available to organisms at any given time (Galloway, 1998). Consequently, N2 must be “fixed” into ionic forms such as NH4+ before it can be used by plants. Since N is essential for the synthesis of amino acids and proteins and because it is often in low concentrations, N is usually considered to be limiting to organisms in many ecosystems. Nitrogen has five valence electrons and can occur in a broad range of oxidation states that range from +V to -III, with NO3− and NH4+ being the most oxidized and reduced forms, respectively. Some of the most common N compounds that exist in nature, along with their boiling points, ΔH0, and ΔG0, are shown in table 10.1 (Jaffe, 2000); these thermodynamic data can be used to calculate equilibrium concentrations. Fluxes in the global N cycle have been seriously altered by anthropogenic activities (Vitousek et al., 1997; Galloway et al., 2004). For example, fluxes of many nitrogen oxides, which are largely derived from burning fossil fuels, have increased significantly in the atmosphere resulting in photochemical smog and acid precipitation (table 10.2; Jaffe, 2000). Similarly, the advent of artificial N fertilizers (e.g., the Haber–Bosch process, where N2 is fixed to NH3 by industrial processes), which were developed to compensate for the general nonavailability of N2 to most agricultural crops, has resulted in increased N loading from soils and sewage to rivers and estuaries around the world, and considerable eutrophication problems in these aquatic ecosystems. For example, biological N2 fixation accounted for a major fraction of newly fixed N before the 1800s (∼90–130 Tg N y−1) (Galloway et al., 1995).

The endothelium plays a crucial role in the regulation of the fibrinolytic process, since it synthesizes and secretes tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) as well as the fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Molecular cloning of full-length PAI-1 cDNA, employing a human endothelial cDNA expression library, and a subsequent determination of the complete nucleotide sequence, allowed a prediction of the amino-acid sequence of the PAI-1 glycoprotein. It was observed that the amino-acid sequence is significantly homologous to those of members of the serine protease inhibitor ("Serpin") family, e.g. αl-antitrypsin and antithrombin III. Serpins are regulators of various processes, such as coagulation, inflammatory reactions, complement activation and share a common functional principle and a similar structure, indicative for a common primordial gene. The intron-exon arrangement of Serpin genes may provide a record for the structure of a primordial gene. A comparison of the location of introns among members of the Serpin family reveals that some introns are indeed present at identical or almost identical positions, however in many other cases there is no correspondence between the intron positions among different Serpin genes.Obviously, more data on the chromosomal gene structure of members of this family are required to formulate a scheme for the evolutionary creation of the Serpins. To that end, we have established the number and the precise location of the introns in the PAI-1 gene and have compared these data with those reported on other Serpin genes. For that purpose a human genomic cosmid DNA library of about 340.000 independent colonies was screened with radiolabelled full-length PAI-1 cDNA as probe. Two clones were found which contain the entire PAI-1 gene. Restriction site mapping, electron microscopic inspection of heteroduplexes and nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrate that the PAI-1 gene comprises about 12.2kilo basepairs and consists of nine exons and eight introns. Intron-exon boundaries are all in accord with the "GT-AG" rule, including a cryptic acceptor splice site found in intron 7. Furthermore, it is observed that intron 3 of the PAI-1 gene occupies an identical position as intron E of chicken ovalbumin and intron E of the ovalbumin-related gene Y. The location of the other seven introns is unrelated to the known location of introns in the genes encoding the Serpins, rat angiotensin, chicken ovalbumin (and gene Y), human antithrombin III and human al-antitrypsin. The 3' untranslated region of the PAI-1 gene is devoid of introns, indicating that the two mRNA species detected in cultured endothelial cells which share an identical 5' untranslated segment and codogenic region, but differ in the length of the 3' untranslated region, arise by alternative polyadenylation. An extrapolation of the position of the introns to the amino-acid sequence of PAI-1, and adaption of the view that the subdomain structure of the Serpins is analogous, shows that the introns of PAI-1 are non-randomly distributed. Except for intron 7, the position of the other seven introns corresponds with randon-coil regions of the protein or with the borders of β-sheets and a-helices. Extrapolation of the position of introns in the genes of other Serpins to their respective amino-acid sequences and subdomain structures also reveals a preference for random-coil regions and borders of subdomains. These observations are reminiscent of an evolutionary model, called "intron sliding", that accounts for variations in surface loops of the same protein in different species by aberrant splicing (Craik et al., Science 220 (1983) 1125). The preferential presence of introns in gene segments, encoding these variable regions, and absence in regions determining the general folding of these proteins would explain conservation of the structure during the evolution of those genes.