Relevant bibliographies by topics / General linguistics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'General linguistics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "General linguistics"

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Moravcsik, Edith A. "Linguistica generale: Esercitazioni e autoverifica [General Linguistics: Exercises and Solutions] (review)." Language 82, no. 4 (2006): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0212.

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Suleiman, Camelia, and Francis P. Dinneen. "General Linguistics." Language 73, no. 1 (March 1997): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416611.

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VINCENT, NIGEL. "GENERAL LINGUISTICS." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 46, no. 1 (March 13, 1985): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002624.

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BROWN, KEITH. "GENERAL LINGUISTICS." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 47, no. 1 (March 13, 1986): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002703.

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BROWN, KEITH. "GENERAL LINGUISTICS." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 48, no. 1 (March 13, 1987): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002779.

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RASHID, Omar Hassan, and Waqas Saadi GHARKAN. "GENERAL LINGUISTIC DICTIONARY DESCRIPTIVE STUDY." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.33.

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The first antecedents in the service of the language of the Holy Qur'an were serious about learning, teaching and compilation. They exerted extraordinary efforts that reflected an organized mentality, sincerity and unparalleled dedication which impressed the whole world. These efforts included the linguistic part of the language, its morphology, phonetics and dictionary, and they have in each aspect fruitful studies and precedent and informed opinions. There are several aspects that have contributed to the admission of linguistics into modern Arab culture. Of these, sending Arab scholarships to western universities; conducting university studies and thesis by Arab students in European and American universities; establishing a special section in linguistics in some Arab universities; the emergence of linguistic writings known as modern linguistics; the emergence of Arabic translations of some linguistic articles; the organization of local and international scientific seminars and meetings in the field of linguistics; and the establishment of self-list specialties in general linguistics. However, it is no wonder that others add up to the achievements of the antecedents of theories that deal with linguistic studies, and extract meanings from beyond the linguistic text, all of which is related to the renaissance witnessed by other sciences in the modern era, and which linguists have benefited from in the linguistic field. Some linguists have collected the terms that have emerged from modern linguistic literature, who have varied in their approaches in arranging these terms. I have chosen five of these general linguistic dictionaries and addressed them in description and analysis, indicating the differences amongst them and what distinguishes each from others.
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Naylor, Kenneth E., and Milorad Radovanovic. "Yugoslav General Linguistics." Modern Language Journal 75, no. 2 (1991): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328882.

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Malone, Joseph L., Martin Atkinson, David Kilby, Iggy Roca, Edward Finegan, Niko Besnier, William O'Grady, Michael Dobrovolsky, and Mark Aronoff. "Foundations of General Linguistics." Language 66, no. 3 (September 1990): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414617.

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مەحوى, د. محەمەدى. "Linguistics in general media." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani Part (B - for Humanities) 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2000): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzsb.10000.

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Joseph, John E., Ferdinand de Saussure, Simon Bouquet, Rudolf Engler, Antoinette Weil, Carol Sanders, Matthew Pires, and Peter Figueroa. "Writings in General Linguistics." Modern Language Review 102, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20467472.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General linguistics"

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Flynn, Michael. "Linguistics and General Process Learning Theory." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226547.

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This paper is sort of an extended footnote, with a faint Borgesian flavor. What I'm going to do is show how one rather prominent argument in the linguistics literature against one aspect of the research program of behaviorism fails to go through. But I'll also observe that this argument appears to have had no practical effect on linguistic investigations, and that many people seem to assume (tacitly, at least) that this argument fails anyway. So my remarks here don't move the field forward any, but what I hope they do is help to get us all a bit clearer about where we are. The argument I'll be examining, given by Noam Chomsky in Reflections on Language (Chomsky 1975), is against a point of view called "general process learning theory ", a view that regards one goal of psychological theorizing to be the discovery of laws of learning that hold across species and across domains of acquisition. Psychological theorizing is by no means a new development on the linguistics scene. It is true, I think, that in most cases the people who have thought about language (including but not limited to people we would call linguists) have done so against the backdrop of a psychological theory that they assumed to be at least on the right track, and the idea was often to see what you could make of language by applying the analytical tools that the given psychological theory made available. Bloomfield (1926) is an example of this. (For some discussion of Bloomfield's views on psychology, see Lyons 1978, chapter 3.) One also in this context thinks of Piaget, Skinner of course, as well as philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries of both the continental Cartesian variety and the so-called British Empiricists. I also think it's true that Chomsky's impact on psychology is somewhat unusual in that the flow of influence is in the other direction; that is, the question is, "If human language is like this, then what must the mind be like ?" rather than the other way around. Be that as it may, Chomsky has been, by far and away, the leading expositor of the implications of linguistics for the study of the structure of the human mind. It goes without saying that the ramifications of this work have been very rich, the pivotal role of linguistics in the "cognitive sciences" being just one indication of its influence. One of the earliest engagements at discipline boundaries was Chomsky's forceful assault on B.F. Skinner's attempt to extend the domain of behaviorist psychology to human languages. It's this argument that I want to have another look at. To do this it will be useful to try to isolate several facets of the discussion. I should perhaps reiterate, for the connoisseurs of counterrevolution who I know are out there, that my conclusion will be a modest one. I will not be concluding that after all Skinner was right and Chomsky was wrong. On the contrary, I'm going to assume that this game is over, and has been for quite some time. My goal is to call attention to what I think is an Unsolved problem which acquires its interest because it bears on how we regard linguistics as influencing our judgment about the structure of the human mind.
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Runsewe, O. I. "Communication in general Nigerian English : An intonational study." Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375724.

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Jessen, Annette. "The presence and treatment of terms in general dictionaries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21992.pdf.

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Müller, Torsten. "Football, language and linguistics time-critical utterances in unplanned spoken language, their structures and their relation to non-linguistic situations and events /." Tübingen : Narr, 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=mlhiAAAAMAAJ.

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Brown, Dunstan. "From the general to the exceptional : a network morphology account of Russian nominal inflection." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/994/.

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Martin, Teresa Ann. "A Curriculum for General Academic Preparation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2199.

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The curriculum at the English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University (BYU) currently has two programs: Foundations and Academic. In order for students to progress from Foundations to the Academic Program, they must pass their Level Achievement Tests (LATs), which are administered as final exams. Each semester there are students who do not pass their LATs. The question then is what should happen to these students? Should they be asked to leave the ELC, should they have to repeat the same level until they pass, or should they be promoted without passing their LATs? This project presents an alternative solution to this situation through a curriculum specifically designed for these students. Outlined in this document are the analysis, design, development, and results of implementing that curriculum. The main elements of the course consist of 3 main classes: Reading, Listening/Speaking, Writing/Grammar, and an individualized Language Learning Plan (LLP) that allows the curriculum to be tailored to meet the individual student needs. These LLPs are an integral part of the curriculum and both the problems and benefits associated with them are set out in this paper. The course is woven together using a themed textbook series, which recycles vocabulary and helps to ensure that the students experience an integrated system despite having 3 separate classes. Budgeting is always a consideration for any school, and methods to increase the cost effectiveness of the curriculum are also discussed at various points of the document. Finally, the outcomes and value of the program to the different stakeholders and lessons learned are outlined in order to provide a summary of the overall usefulness and effectiveness of the General Academic Prep (GAP) curriculum.
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Berker, A. Selim. "The particular and the general : essays at the interface of ethics and epistemology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41702.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-138).
This dissertation consists of three chapters exploring the nature of normativity in ethics and epistemology, with an emphasis on insights that can be gleaned by comparing and contrasting debates within those two fields. In chapter 1, I consider particularism, a relatively recent view which holds that, because reasons for action and belief are irreducibly context-dependent, the traditional quest for a general theory of what one ought to do or believe is doomed for failure. In making these claims, particularists assume a general framework according to which reasons are the ground floor normative units undergirding all other normative relations. However, I argue that the claims particularists make about the behavior of reasons undermines the very framework within which they make those claims, thus leaving them without a coherent notion of a reason for action or belief. Chapter 2 concerns a problem arising for certain theories that take the opposite extreme of particularism and posit a fully general theory of what one ought to believe or do. In the epistemic realm, one such theory is process reliabilism. A well-known difficulty for process reliabilism is the generality problem: the problem of determining how broadly or narrowly to individuate the process by which a given belief is formed. Interestingly, an exactly parallel problem faces one of the most dominant contemporary ethical theories, namely Kantianism. I show how, despite their seeming differences, process reliabilism and Kantianism possess a markedly similar structure, and then use this similarity in structure to assess the prospects that each has of ever solving its version of the generality problem.
(cont.) Finally, in chapter 3, I consider a recent argument by Timothy Williamson that what it would be rational for one to do or believe is not luminous, in the following sense: it can be rational for one to do or believe something, without one's being in a position to know that it is. Careful attention to the details of Williamson's argument reveals that he can only establish this limit to our knowledge by taking for granted certain controversial claims about the limits of belief.
by A. Selim Berker.
Ph.D.
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Baron-Schmitt, Nathaniel. "Doing : an essay on causation, events, and action in the most general sense." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129123.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, September, 2020
Page 163 blank. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-162).
Our world is populated not just by things, such as bombs, matches, and people, but also by events, like explosions, ignitions, and decisions. Part I, "Doings", is centered around my attempt to capture the nature of events. Events straddle the realms of thing and fact, eluding analysis, making this a difficult task. Yet it is an important one, because events play crucial roles in so many places: in philosophy of action and mind, in syntax and semantics, and particularly in metaphysics, where they are widely supposed to be the only true causes and effects. Part II, "Thing Causation", argues that the true causes are things. I first argue that previous theories have failed to capture the nature of events. Jaegwon Kim's well-known view takes every event to be associated with a triple of a thing, a repeatable that the thing instantiates, and a time of instantiation. Kim uses this one-to-one association to give existence and identity criteria for events.
I argue that Kim's "events" are not really events at all; insofar as we can make sense of them, they are more like facts or propositions. But Kim's approach should not be abandoned altogether; the problem is not with association itself, but rather with Kim's assumption that association is one-to-one. Dropping this assumption results in a moderately coarse-grained conception of events that better matches our ordinary conception. It shares most of the theoretical virtues that Kim's view enjoys; most importantly, association can still be used to give existence and identity criteria. And it has a number of significant theoretical advantages over Kim's view, two of which I develop in depth : these moderately coarse-grained events are robust enough to support a version of token physicalism that does not collapse into type physicalism, and they illuminate the logical structure of the determinate-determinable relation. A second topic in Part I is the distinction between events and states.
This distinction usually is either ignored, or else captured by taking events, but not states, to be changes in things over time. The latter approach is too narrow, for it precludes instantaneous events, and it forecloses a "dynamic" picture of fundamental reality, on which there are goings-on that (unlike changes) do not consist merely in reality being one way and then another. Instead, events are best understood as cases of things doing something, or simply "doings". Rockslides, for instance, are cases of rocks sliding, and sliding is something rocks can do. Things done, like sliding, are a special sort of repeatable. Thus I say that events are associated with triples of a thing, a repeatable that can be done , and a time. I develop this very broad notion of "doing something" by appealing to a linguistic distinction between dynamic and stative verbs.
This distinction is central to the linguistics literature on aspect, and it is also philosophically important, since dynamic verbs stand for things done, whereas stative verbs stand for properties. Once we understand what events are, it emerges that events are not the sorts of entities that could cause, except in a derivative sense. In Part II, "Thing Causation", I argue that causation most fundamentally involves a thing causing another thing to do something. It is most fundamentally people and explosive substances, not actions and explosions, that cause. Causation between events is reducible to thing causation, but no reverse reduction is possible. I also touch on a number of other questions, including whether causation is partly normative, whether causation can occur even when no particular entity does any causing, and whether free agency involves causation by an agent.
Regarding the last of these, I argue that agent causation is coherent and real, and the best-known objections to it fail completely, but agent causation on its own does not do the heavy lifting some agent-causal theorists expect from it. What is needed for agent-causal freedom is not just any causing done by an agent, but causing that is basic -- that the agent does not do by doing anything further.
by Nathaniel Baron-Schmitt.
Ph. D. in Linguistics
Ph.D.inLinguistics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy
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Hewitt, Heather Mary. "Front desk talk : a study of interaction between receptionists and patients in general practice surgeries." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1482.

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Receptionists who work in general practice surgeries in Great Britain are part of a large, state-funded organisation, the National Health Service. Their duties include registering patients with practices, arranging appointments for them and checking them in for consultations, as well as administration of the ordering and collection of repeat prescriptions. In this study the talk-in-interaction through which these activity types are accomplished at three general practice surgeries in Scotland is analysed and the discursive construction of roles and identities by receptionists and patients in the three separate, but related, institutional contexts explored. The discourse through which front desk activity types are accomplished at all three sites is found to consist of a maximum of four stages. These are present in varying combinations in different activity types but are always constructed through predictable combinations of moves, which, except in encounters in which problems are resolved or errors remedied, are realised through a limited range of speech acts and conversational routines. Different choices of act or routine encode differing levels and styles of face protection, which appear to be determined by factors such as the social environment of each practice, the preferred relational approach of individual participants and the perceived level of imposition which an activity type entails. In addition, participants are found to adopt varying stances towards personal agency. While some assume full responsibility for their actions, in others agency is either disguised, for example when receptionists attribute decisions to other practice sources, or downplayed, for example when patients present themselves as needy or inexpert. Although there are variations both in the discourse at different practices and the positioning of individual receptionists and patients, both groups of participants are found to orient strongly to their institutional roles, only rarely drawing on the wider identity resources available to them. Receptionists seem intent on task completion, while patients are focused on attaining service goals, in both cases at the expense of interpersonal communication. As a result, relative to service encounters in other contexts, levels of remedial action are low and there is very little small talk. Thus, paradoxically, although general practice surgeries provide intimate personal care for patients, at their front desks relational matters do not appear to be a primary concern. A narrow focus on transactional goals and a neglect of the relational function of discourse may give rise to negative perceptions among both receptionists and patients. It is therefore proposed that the findings from this study be used in receptionist training programmes to raise awareness of patterns of discourse behaviour at the front desk, with a view to improving both the professional experience of receptionists and the quality of service which patients receive.
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Nchai, Tlali Pius. "The comprehension by factory workers of English technical terms in Ministry of Employment and Labour Radio Broadcasts in Lesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18062.

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Thesis (MPhil )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the advent of the information age, government ministries in Lesotho, as well as nongovernmental agencies, are trying to gain publicity in terms of services they offer to the general public. The Ministry of Employment and Labour (MEL), for example, resorted to using radio programmes in order to inform the public about the services it offers. These range from career guidance and counselling, pre- and post-employment advice, information about occupational health and safety and HIV/AIDS, providing facts about what type of vacancies are available locally and internationally, to instilling the spirit of dialogue among relevant stakeholders in matters related to labour, employers and employees. During various weekly radio presentations, presented in Sesotho, several departments are able to go on-air and present services that their departments offer to the general public and what the public can do in the event they are given a disservice by the concerned department. In the process of doing so, many technical terms are used. These often take the form of code switches into English, translations from English into Sesotho and borrowings from English. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the use of code switching, translation and borrowing makes it possible for factory workers in Lesotho to understand the message that is being delivered to them in a clear and unmistakable manner that will influence a change of behaviour on the part of factory workers. In order to ascertain the level of comprehension of technical terms, participants completed a questionnaire in which they gave their understanding of various technical terms selected from transcribed MEL radio broadcasts. The findings of this study show that the use of code switching, translation and borrowing from English limit the understanding of what is being communicated, making the radio broadcasts less effective in disseminating information on matters related to HIV/AIDS, the plight of factory workers according to the ratified conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO), legal terms related to contracts of employment, their commencement and termination, conditions of work, the level of the unemployed versus the employed, skills needed to venture into the country’s labour market and occupational health and safety guidelines as reflected in the Labour Code of Lesotho.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die aanbreek van die inligtingsera probeer staatsministeries in Lesotho, asook nieregeringsorganisasies, om publisiteit te verkry vir die openbare dienste wat hul lewer. Die Ministerie van Werksverskaffing en Arbeid (MWA) het byvoorbeeld besluit om gebruik te maak van radioprogramme om die publiek in te lig aangaande sy dienste. Hierdie dienste wissel van beroepsvoorligting en -berading, voor- en na-indiensnemingsadvies, inligting oor bedryfsgesondheid en -veiligheid en HIV/VIGS, die verskaffing van feite oor beskikbare plaaslike en internasionale vakaturetipes, tot die kweek van ’n dialoog-gees onder relevante belanghebbendes in arbeid-, werkgewer- en werknemersake. Tydens verskeie weeklikse radio-aanbiedings, aangebied in Sesotho, kan ’n aantal departemente hulle openbare dienste adverteer, asook die prosedure wat gevolg kan word deur lede van die publiek wat veronreg is deur die gegewe departement. Hierdie boodskappe bevat verskeie tegniese terme, dikwels aangebied in die vorm van kodewisselings na Engels, vertalings uit Engels na Sesotho, asook Engelse leenwoorde. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of die gebruik van kodewisseling, vertaling en woordleen fabriekswerkers in Lesotho daartoe in staat stel om die boodskap wat gekommunikeer word te verstaan in ’n duidelike, ondubbelsinnige wyse wat tot ’n gedragsverandering onder die fabriekswerkers sal lei. Ten einde die begripsvlak vir tegniese terme vas te stel, het deelnemers ’n vraelys voltooi waarin hulle hul begrip van verskeie tegniese terme (geselekteer uit getranskribeerde MWA-radiouitsendings), weergegee het. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat die gebruik van kodewisseling, vertaling en woordleen uit Engels die begrip van wat gekommunikeer word, beperk. Dít maak die radiouitsendings minder effektief in die verspreiding van inligting oor HIV/VIGS; die saak van fabriekwerkers (met inagname van die gesanksioneerde konvensies van die Internasionale Arbeidsorganisasie); regsterme wat verband hou met arbeidskontrakte, spesifiek hul aanvang en terminasie, asook werksomstandighede; die vlak van werkloses teenoor werkendes; die vaardighede wat benodig word om die land se arbeidsmark te betree; en bedryfsgesondheid en –veiligheidsriglyne, soos gereflekteer in die Arbeidswet van Lesotho.
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Books on the topic "General linguistics"

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Sapir, Philip, S. Harris Zellig, John Lyons, Stanly Newman, and Edward Sapir. General Linguistics. Edited by Pierre Swiggers. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110198867.

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General linguistics. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 1995.

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Radovanović, Milorad, ed. Yugoslav General Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.

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Saussure, Ferdinand de. Course in general linguistics. LaSalle, Ill: Open Court, 1986.

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1865-1947, Bally Charles, Sechehaye Albert 1870-1946, and Riedlinger Albert, eds. Course in general linguistics. LaSalle, Ill: Open Court, 1991.

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Course in general linguistics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.

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translator, Harris Roy 1931, ed. Course in general linguistics. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2013.

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A, Kilby David, and Roca Iggy, eds. Foundations of general linguistics. 2nd ed. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.

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Kruszewski, Mikołaj. Writings in general linguistics. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub., 1995.

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Alonso-Cortés, A. Manteca. Lingüística general. Madrid: Cátedra, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "General linguistics"

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Léon, Jacqueline. "General Conclusion." In Automating Linguistics, 159–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70642-5_11.

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Kortmann, Bernd. "General reference works." In English Linguistics, 287–89. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05678-8_10.

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Škiljan, Dubravko. "On linguistic autonomy." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 345. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.20ski.

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Brozović, Dalibor. "Some remarks on distinctive features." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.02bro.

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Bugarski, Ranko. "Generative structuralism." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.03bug.

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Filipović, Rudolf. "Some contributions to the theory of contact linguistics." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 47. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.04fil.

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Göncz, Lajos. "Psychological studies of bilingualism in Vojvodina." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 73. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.05gon.

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Ivić, Milka. "On referentially used nouns and the upgrading/downgrading of their identificatory force." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 91. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.06ivi.

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Ivić, Pavle. "Structure and typology of dialectal differentiation." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 101. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.07ivi.

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Ivić, Pavle. "Prosodic possibilities in phonology and morphology." In Yugoslav General Linguistics, 111. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.26.08ivi.

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Conference papers on the topic "General linguistics"

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ELLEGÅRD, ALVAR. "SUMMARY OF SESSION 2: GENERAL LINGUISTICS." In Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 92. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781908979681_0012.

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Su, Lin, Nan Duan, Edward Cui, Lei Ji, Chenfei Wu, Huaishao Luo, Yongfei Liu, Ming Zhong, Taroon Bharti, and Arun Sacheti. "GEM: A General Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Tasks." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.229.

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Liu, Dayiheng, Yu Yan, Yeyun Gong, Weizhen Qi, Hang Zhang, Jian Jiao, Weizhu Chen, et al. "GLGE: A New General Language Generation Evaluation Benchmark." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.36.

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Stepovaya, V. I. "ENGLISH RECEPTION OF N.V. GOGOL’S COMEDY «THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL» TRANSLATED BY A. SYKES." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERARY STUDIES. Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-901-3-2020-100.

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Saftenko, E. K. "GENRE SUBSTRATES IN NICOLAI GOGOL’S «THE INSPECTOR GENERAL» AND FRANZ KAFKA’S «THE TRIAL»." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERARY STUDIES. Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-901-3-2020-68.

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Kohita, Ryosuke, Akifumi Wachi, Daiki Kimura, Subhajit Chaudhury, Michiaki Tatsubori, and Asim Munawar. "Language-based General Action Template for Reinforcement Learning Agents." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.187.

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Yang, Jingxuan, Kerui Xu, Jun Xu, Si Li, Sheng Gao, Jun Guo, Ji-Rong Wen, and Nianwen Xue. "Transformer-GCRF: Recovering Chinese Dropped Pronouns with General Conditional Random Fields." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.13.

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Limisiewicz, Tomasz, David Mareček, and Rudolf Rosa. "Universal Dependencies According to BERT: Both More Specific and More General." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.245.

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Du, Jingfei, Myle Ott, Haoran Li, Xing Zhou, and Veselin Stoyanov. "General Purpose Text Embeddings from Pre-trained Language Models for Scalable Inference." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.271.

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Schlangen, David, and Gabriel Skantze. "A general, abstract model of incremental dialogue processing." In the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1609067.1609146.

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Reports on the topic "General linguistics"

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Bilovska, Natalia. HYPERTEXT: SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MEDIA MESSAGE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11104.

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In the article we interpret discrete and continuous message as interrupted and constant, limited and continual text, which has specific features and a number of differences between traditional (one-dimensional) text and hypertext (multidimensional). The purpose of this study is to define the concept of “hypertext”, consideration of its characteristics and features of the structure, similarities and differences with the traditional text, including the message in the media and communication. To achieve the goal of the study, we used a number of methods typical of journalism. Empirical analysis enabled a generalized description of the subject of study, which allowed to know it as a phenomenon. With the help of generalization the characteristic and specific regularities and principles of hypertext were studied. The system method is used to identify the dependence of each element of hypertext on its place in the text system as a whole. The retrospective method helped to understand the preconditions for the emergence of hypertext, to trace the dynamics of its development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) made it possible to formulate the conclusions of the study. Thanks to hypertext and the hypertext systems, the concept of virtual reality has gained tangible meaning. In hypertext space, virtuality organically complements reality. The state of virtuality, in this case, becomes the concept of hyperreality, and all this merges into a single whole in the space of computer text. Due to its volume and multidimensionality, hypertext can arouse scientific interest as an interdisciplinary discipline. In today’s world, the phenomenon of hypertext has been the subject of numerous discussions, conferences and research in the field of social communications, linguistics and psychology. Today, a significant number of organizations conduct large-scale research based on the concepts of hypertext associations and associative navigation.
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Kapelyushnyi, Anatolyi. TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS OF DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES IN LIVE TELEVISION BROADCASTING. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11105.

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The article analyzes transformation of forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives in live television broadcasting. Particular attention is paid to the specific properties of different forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives. To analyze the peculiarities of their use for errors in speech of television journalists, associated with non-compliance with linguistic norms on ways to avoid these errors, to make appropriate recommendations to television journalists. The main method we use is to observe the speech of live TV journalist, we used during the study methods of comparative analysis of comparison of theoretical positions from the work of individual linguists and journalism sat down as well as texts that sounded in the speech of journalists. Our objective is to trace these transformations and develop a certain attitude towards them in our researches of the language of the media and practicing journalists to support positive trends in the development of the broadcasting on TV and give recommendations for overcoming certain negative trends. Improving the live broadcasting of television journalists, in particular the work on deepening the language skills will contribute to the modernization of some trends in the reasonable expediency of the transformation of certain phenomena, moder­nization of some tendencies concerning the reasonable expedient transformation of separate grammatical phenomena and categories and at braking and in general stopping of processes of transformation of negative unreasonable not expedient. This fully applies primarily to attempts to transform the forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives and this explains importance of the results achieved in these study.
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Cârstocea, Andreea, and Craig Willis. Less equal than others: National minorities and the overlooked challenge of socio-economic inequalities. European Centre for Minority Issues, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/aacb5478.

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Socio-economic inequalities are part and parcel of people’s everyday life in any society; yet for people who belong to ethnic, linguistic, religious, or cultural communities, these inequalities tend to be markedly greater than for others. Quite often, national minority communities face higher hurdles in accessing employment and gaining incomes on a par with those of the majority, and have lower access to adequate healthcare services, housing, education, or public services in general. And yet, a conversation about the socio-economic inequalities facing minority communities, the specific challenges they face, or the ways in which their participation might be improved is largely absent.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.

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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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