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Journal articles on the topic 'General Merchandise'
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1
Kim, Changju, and Katsuyoshi Takashima. "Effects of retail organisation design on improving private label merchandising." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 2582–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2018-0194.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine empirically whether and under what organisational design conditions retailers can benefit from private label (PL) merchandising improvement. Design/methodology/approach The study tests hypotheses using a structural equation model and data obtained from general merchandise managers at 190 supermarket retailers in Japan. Findings The results reveal that both centralised merchandising authority and store cooperation between merchandising and store divisions motivate PL merchandising improvement, which strengthens PL competitiveness. In addition, outcome-based merchandiser control strengthens the positive relationship between store cooperation and PL merchandising improvement. However, regarding centralised merchandising authority, it is found that outcome-based control had no significant moderating effect. Research limitations/implications To generalise the findings, it may be desirable to reflect data from store divisions for at least two constructs of interdepartmental structure and coordination. Also, it will remain a challenge to produce objective financial outcomes, such as sales, profits or market share, of PL merchandise to empirically test PL contributions to a retail store or company. Practical implications It is important for retail managers to understand their merchandisers’ efforts and behaviours to continuously improve PL merchandising activities. It is strongly recommended that retail managers continue to find ways to motivate their merchandisers. Originality/value Drawing on the philosophy of continuous improvement, this study suggests a novel approach to retail merchandising management that investigates how organisational design can influence better PL merchandising. To highlight the growing role of retail merchandisers, often ignored in the PL literature, this study advances this knowledge about the organisational design–strategic behaviour linkage by empirically testing interactions between different aspects of retail organisation design.
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Bosnjak, Mile, Vlatka Bilas, and Ivan Novak. "Sustainability of merchandise trade flows between Croatia and other EU member states: Panel cointegration approach." Panoeconomicus 66, no. 1 (2019): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan160409022b.
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This research examined the sustainability of merchandise trade flows between Croatia and other European Union (EU) member states. Merchandise exports and imports were disaggregated into bilateral merchandise trade flows between Croatia and nineteen EU trading partners for the period 1999-2014. Following Granger-causality and cointegration tests for panel data, we specified the model to be estimated. Using a pooled mean group (PMG) estimator for dynamic heterogeneous panel data, the relationship between Croatian merchandise export and import was assessed empirically. Research results revealed unsustainable Croatian merchandise exports and imports vis-?-vis nineteen EU partners.
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Capozzoli, Ernest A., and Dan G. Teed. "POST-CIVIL WAR ACCOUNTING PRACTICES IN NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI." Accounting Historians Journal 43, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.43.2.39.
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This paper explores the accounting practices and cultural setting of a general merchandise store located in Natchez, Mississippi during the post-Civil War period in 1865. The store ledger records complete sales and payroll entries from January through December 1865. The facts concerning the store came from a “cash book” (referred to as the ledger) that recorded financial transactions both prior to and after the Civil War [Holland, 1837]. Our article asserts that, in spite of devastating economic conditions, merchandisers in general were able to continue as central figures in daily lives in the Natchez area.
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Kovacevic, Radovan. "The export performance of the euro area: A panel quantile regression approach." Ekonomski anali 64, no. 222 (2019): 7–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1922007k.
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This paper examines the impact of relevant factors on merchandise exports, volume growth, and the competitiveness of euro-area countries. It uses panel regressions to explain the development of merchandise exports in the euro-area countries by various price/cost competitiveness indicators, development of foreign and domestic demand, and the structure of merchandise exports. A cointegration analysis of panel time series was established by applying econometric tests and the cointegration equation for the period 1999-2018 was estimated using FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) and DOLS (Dynamic OLS) estimators. We show that the increase in the share of information communication technology (ICT) product exports in the total merchandise exports of euro-area members had a positive impact on their export performance. The empirical results show that foreign demand has a positive impact on real merchandise exports, while the estimated coefficients decreased from the lower to upper quantiles. The results regarding price and cost competitiveness differ depending on the choice of indicators, but in general they are less robust. Therefore, we conclude that in the long run, non-price factors will play an increasingly important role in strengthening the competitive position of euro-area countries in international markets.
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Ishchuk, Svitlana O., Yuliya V. Polyakova, and Protsevyat Oksana S. "Structure and dynamics of Ukrainian merchandise exports: a regional dimension." Regional Economy, no. 1(99) (March 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-1-3.
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Ukraine’s integration into the global market has a clear resource-oriented nature, as agricultural products remain the dominant component of domestic merchandise exports. This urges the need to diversify the structure of exports and increase the share of high-tech and medium-tech industries. Given the structural heterogeneity of the formation of domestic merchandise exports in the regional context, the research in this direction is relevant. The purpose of the article is to identify key changes in the export specialization of the regions of Ukraine and to group the latter according to the level of their export activities. Based on the assessment of the structure of merchandise exports of Ukraine and its regions, the export specialization of the latter by commodity groups is determined. The diagnostic study of export activities at the meso-level results from the calculation of indicators that characterize: export orientation of the economy (calculated as the ratio between the value of merchandise exports of the region and gross regional product), export coverage of imports (calculated as the ratio between the values of merchandise exports and merchandise imports of the region), export manufacturability (calculated as the ratio between the values of high-tech exports of the region and merchandise exports in general), the high-tech export orientation of the industry (calculated as the ratio between the value of high-tech exports of the region and the volume of sold industrial products). The regions are divided into four conditional groups according to the level of their export activities, based on the values of the integrated index calculated by the method of the arithmetic mean of partial indicators. Some key trends and problems in the formation and development of Ukraine’s export potential are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the high share of products made from toll raw materials within the high-tech merchandise exports of the vast majority of regions of the Western region. Measures for the implementation of an efficient state policy of export promotion are proposed and their targets are defined.
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Baum, Marsha L. "Unsolicited merchandise: Gift or sale?" Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 20, no. 3 (September 1996): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(96)00048-8.
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Ashby, Elizabeth R., Howard H. Cochran, Brad D. Childs, and Marieta V. Velikova. "State Merchandise Export Trade Determinants." International Advances in Economic Research 22, no. 1 (September 16, 2015): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-015-9538-8.
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Beneke, Justin, Alex Brito, and Kerry-Anne Garvey. "Propensity to buy private label merchandise." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-09-2013-0175.
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Purpose – Establishing and/or developing a portfolio of private label brands (PLBs) is a strategic imperative for most retail chains. The purpose of this paper is to construct, and validate, a holistic conceptual model to investigate the effect of perceived product quality, relative price and risk on perceived product value and, ultimately, willingness to buy these brands. In addition to this, the study seeks to investigate the potential role of store image as an antecedent within the model. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of middle to upper income shoppers was administered in order to determine the magnitude of the above-mentioned effects. The study focused on the market segment of private label breakfast cereal consumers within South Africa. Findings – All relationships in the model were found to be significant at the 5 per cent level, except for store image on perceived risk. The strongest relationship, by some margin, was that between perceived value and willingness to buy PLBs. Practical implications – The myth that a powerful store image can necessarily mitigate high levels of consumer risk was dispelled. In general, the results may be used to glean further insight into the consumer’s approach to buying PLBs and shape brand managers’ actions in building these brands. Originality/value – This study draws on the collective works of Beneke et al. (2013), Snoj et al. (2004) and Sweeney et al. (1999) in exploring this issue. However, the research advances the discussion by considering a low-involvement product category and the inclusion of an additional antecedent – store image.
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Critchlow, Nathan, Anne Marie MacKintosh, Christopher Thomas, Lucie Hooper, and Jyotsna Vohra. "Awareness of alcohol marketing, ownership of alcohol branded merchandise, and the association with alcohol consumption, higher-risk drinking, and drinking susceptibility in adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional survey in the UK." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e025297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025297.
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ObjectivesTo explore awareness of alcohol marketing and ownership of alcohol branded merchandise in adolescents and young adults in the UK, what factors are associated with awareness and ownership, and what association awareness and ownership have with alcohol consumption, higher-risk drinking and susceptibility.DesignOnline cross-sectional survey conducted during April–May 2017.SettingThe UK.ParticipantsAdolescents and young adults aged 11–19 years in the UK (n=3399).Main outcome measuresAlcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) (0–12) and indication of higher-risk consumption (>5 AUDIT-C) in current drinkers. Susceptibility to drink (yes/no) in never drinkers.ResultsEighty-two per cent of respondents were aware of at least one form of alcohol marketing in the past month and 17% owned branded merchandise. χ2tests found that awareness of marketing and ownership of branded merchandise varied within drinking variables. For example, higher awareness of alcohol marketing was associated with being a current drinker (χ2=114.04, p<0.001), higher-risk drinking (χ2=85.84, p<0.001), and perceived parental (χ2=63.06, p<0.001) and peer approval of consumption (χ2=73.08, p<0.001). Among current drinkers, multivariate regressions (controlling for demographics and covariates) found that marketing awareness and owning branded merchandise was positively associated with AUDIT-C score and higher-risk consumption. For example, current drinkers reporting medium marketing awareness were twice as likely to be higher-risk drinkers as those reporting low awareness (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.18, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.42, p<0.001). Among never drinkers, respondents who owned branded merchandise were twice as likely to be susceptible to drinking as those who did not (AOR=1.98, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.24, p<0.01).ConclusionsYoung people, above and below the legal purchasing age, are aware of a range of alcohol marketing and almost one in five own alcohol branded merchandise. In current drinkers, alcohol marketing awareness was associated with increased consumption and greater likelihood of higher-risk consumption. In never drinkers, ownership of branded merchandise was associated with susceptibility.
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Trappey, Charles V., and Amy J. C. Trappey. "Planning Merchandise Investments Using Fuzzy Optimization." Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 1, no. 3 (1993): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ifs-1993-1301.
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Baños, Raul, Gonzalo Wandosell, and María Concepción Parra. "Web GIS to enhance relational capital: the case of general merchandise retailers." Journal of Knowledge Management 20, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 578–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-06-2015-0218.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the impact of information and communication technologies in organizations to capture and manage intellectual capital. The paper focuses particularly on the use of Web-based geographical information systems (Web GIS) to increase relational capital. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes in detail the Web sites of 143 general merchandise retailers, which have been grouped according to their dominant operational format. Menus and search tools have been used to find out about the way in which these retailers provide information to the customers about their stores, with special attention to the use of Web GIS. Findings The results obtained show that most of the companies analyzed use Web GIS to provide information about the location and other characteristics of the stores. The findings in this paper also suggest that the quantity and quality of the information provided by is somewhat related to the company size. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study come from the difficulty of predicting whether small and medium enterprises (SMEs) will generalize the use of Web GIS in the future. Practical implications The findings of the paper suggest that large retail firms have adopted Web GIS to provide information to the customers and for other geomarketing purposes. Moreover, SMEs should use Web GIS to improve their relationship with customers. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, no paper has analyzed in detail the use of Web GIS by companies with the aim of enhancing relational capital.
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Budianto, Herwin, and Dian Ferriswara. "PENERAPAN METODE PENCATATAN DAN PENILAIAN PERSEDIAAN BARANG MENURUT SAK ETAP PADA CV. TJIPTO PUTRA MANDIRI INDONESIA." Aplikasi Administrasi: Media Analisa Masalah Administrasi 20, no. 2 (March 22, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/aamama.v20i2.86.
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The inventory problem is a problem always faced by decision makers in the production process, inventory recording is done to ensure the certainty that when needed these items are available.Companies engaged in trading and services need to make accounting records to determine the financial condition of the business.The need for accounting information of merchandise inventory is a very important part related to the inventory of merchandise. Due to the most frequent activity in order to achieve business smoothness. Accounting for merchandise inventory requires an inventory card which includes purchase invoices, sales invoices, proof of incoming goods, or outgoing goods relating to inventory.A good accounting system that is assessment of inventory will be a means to provide information that can be used in the evaluation of the company as well as a tool for good internal control. Companies are required to be able to apply the company's accounting policy well in order to provide accurate information for the smooth activity of the company. Therefore, the company must follow the Financial Accounting Standards (SAK), precisely the Financial Accounting Standards Entity Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP) formulated by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) in 2009.The purpose of this study is to describe the determination of method of recording and valuation of goods inventory according to SAK ETAP applicable in Indonesia. The method used in this study is with a qualitative approach, the type of case study research, where the study was conducted on the company engaged in automotive retailing which has business activities trading, as a provider of various types of merchandise that sells the needs of spare parts four-wheeled vehicles and two wheels.The main activity is to buy merchandise to suppliers for resale to consumers without having to change the form of goods in order to gain profit.The inventory valuation method used in the FIFO (first in first out) / MPKP assessment method (first entry first exit). This method is used so as not to stock up on merchandise for too long so that the goods sold are worth selling goods. This method is in conformity with the Financial Accounting Standards of an Entity Without Public Accountability regarding inventory.The existence of information technology system (STI) so far is very helpful and simplify the process of recording and valuation of merchandise inventory on the CV. Tjipto Putra Mandiri Indonesia as well as the development of record keeping information system, hoping to be better systematically, effectively efficient and minimize any recording errors. Keyword: Method of Recording and Valuation of Inventory, SAK ETAP.
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Lesser, Jack A., and William T. Kirk. "GENERALISABILITY OF STORE AND MERCHANDISE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR." Management Research News 18, no. 12 (December 1995): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028432.
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Amin, Ruzita Mohd. "A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i4.369.
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The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.
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Cochran, Howard H., and Dean A. Peterson. "Use Chinese Merchandise Trade Data with Caution." International Advances in Economic Research 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2007): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-006-9067-6.
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Kovacevic, Radovan. "The structural characteristics of world trade and the merchandise exports of Serbia." Ekonomski anali 54, no. 181 (2009): 55–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0981055k.
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This paper analyses the world merchandise trade structure and the structure of Serbian merchandise exports. The analysis shows that the prominent characteristic of post-World War II world trade is more dynamic growth in the volume of manufactured goods as compared to agricultural goods. Due to the lessening share of agricultural products world merchandise trade has decreased and rapid industrialization has been fostered in developing countries. An increased share for developing countries followed the developed countries' decreasing share in world manufacturing trade. The developing countries' increased share was strongest in telecom and office equipment exports. These sectors are characterized by production fragmentation, which is being realized by transnational companies. Serbia, like the other South East European countries, has not yet managed to significantly integrate into international production networks. Serbia's most important exports are manufactured products with a low level of added value . In addition, Serbia still has a high share of primary products in its exports. A higher share of exports of goods and services in the gross domestic products (GDP) cannot be achieved without increasing imports of new technologies and equipment, i.e. without a higher investment share of the GDP. The main conclusion of this article is that the creation of a favorable investment climate and an increase in Serbia's international credit rating are the preconditions for stronger foreign direct investment (FDI), which would be the main channel for restructuring in the real sector. Creation of new small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through greenfield investment and their integration into the international production networks is the starting point for the restructuring of Serbian industrial production and merchandise export, i.e. the way of increasing the share of merchandise exports in the GDP.
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Liu, Chi Fang, Tzu Yorn Kao, Ya Fen Chang, and Yi Ru Tsai. "Analysis of Asian Logistics Trade and Merchandise Growth." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 1506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.1506.
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Analysis of simulation , go on sequentially according to the step designed: (1)Select the national targets analyses, (2) consult the research model of the foreign research institution, select the important ginseng parameter which influences the national risk, (3) predict or suppose that joins perhaps changes the direction and degree of the parameter, (4) observe the risk parameter susceptibility under different situations, (5) explain the reason why the risk changes. Set up the relevant research database in the country in Southeast Asia at the same time , collecting the materials respect can pass relevant organizations , such as foreign trade association , Bank of Communications ,etc. , or investigate the relevant various countries , key unit of interview and relevant research institution or the manufacturer . In addition, can exchange through the international materials, set up database line and information and exchange plans with the domestic and international relevant research institution.
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Pustovoit, Oleh. "PRICE AND VALUE COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN MERCHANDISE EXPORTS." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.02.007.
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In economics, "competitiveness" remains a very general concept, and its use in applied research does not allow combining their results and making unambiguous conclusions. This process is also complicated by the fact that the concept is composite and has two components – the price competitiveness and the value competitiveness. The latter can serve as an indicator of qualitative changes in the economy. However, this aspect of competitiveness in developing countries is still disregarded by researchers. Therefore, it is safe to say that today there are no studies, which, with a high level of accuracy, can analyze the value competitiveness of exports in such countries. Economists usually focus their efforts on the analysis of export price competitiveness and one of its main factors, which is the exchange rate of the national currency. However, this approach has limited cognitive capabilities, because the emergence of new centers of global growth, such as China and India is impossible to explain, based only on the high price competitiveness of their exports. The article attempts to solve some accumulated problems in economic science. In particular, based on the results of the analysis of modern definitions of the concept of "competitiveness", the author proposes to expand its content, generalizing the level of conformity of goods (services) to consumer preferences of market participants. This conceptual position is used to deepen the understanding of the basic, value and price competitiveness of products. A method for assessing the dominant role of value (price) competitiveness of exports in ensuring its dynamics has been developed. According to the results of the of methodology, it was found that in Ukraine’s export markets, the cyclical process of alternating growth of value or price competitiveness of this country’s products is mostly interrupted. The reason for this is the high price competitiveness of raw material exports, which is mainly attained due to low wages in the economy. In international markets, value competitiveness is inherent in a relatively small number of product groups of Ukrainian products. These include: insulated wires, cables and other insulated electrical conductors; fiber optic cables; turbojet engines, turboprop and other gas turbines; weapons, ammunition, their parts and accessories; electric heating devices and apparatus; vessels intended for the carriage of persons or goods; tugs and pushers; parts of aircraft; cars for transportation of passengers, cargoes, including self-propelled ones; water steam turbines and other steam turbines; and women's and men's clothing. It is substantiated that from the point of view of finding a new strategy of economic growth for Ukraine, the most urgent issues are not those of intensifying export activities, but those of updating the composition of the largest export commodity groups. Leading positions among them should be occupied by goods with a large share of value added, and increased technological complexity and value competitiveness. The beginning of this process will mean the emergence of new qualitative changes in the economy, and the effectiveness of public policy of economic reform.
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Amin, Ruzita Mohd. "A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v27i4.369.
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The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.
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Kim, Yu Kyoum, Galen Trail, and Yong Jae Ko. "The Influence of Relationship Quality on Sport Consumption Behaviors: An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Quality Framework." Journal of Sport Management 25, no. 6 (November 2011): 576–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.6.576.
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The importance of relationship quality in relationship marketing has been well documented; however, very little attention has been paid to the issues of relationship quality in sport consumer behavior contexts. We investigated the cognitive structure of relationship quality (RQ) constructs (Trust, Commitment, Intimacy, Identification, Reciprocity) by comparing a general-specific model to a hierarchical model. In addition we empirically tested the link between RQ and three sport consumer behavioral intentions: attendance, media consumption, and licensed merchandise consumption. The model comparison revealed that individual constructs reflected both the distinct aspects of the specific dimensions of relationship quality and the holistic nature of relationship quality, supporting a general-specific model. Results from the simultaneous equation model indicated that for sport consumers, relationship quality with the team explained 56% of the variance in intention to attend games, 75% of intention to consume sport media, and 66% of intention to purchase licensed merchandise.
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Barik, Anirudha. "Post-crisis India’s Merchandise Export Growth: What Has Changed?" Indian Economic Journal 66, no. 3-4 (December 2018): 270–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219880132.
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This article comprehensively examines the growth and pattern of India’s merchandise exports during and following the financial crisis period (2007–08 to 2016–17) using Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics and United Nations Commodity Trade/World Integrated Trade Solution trade data. The entire analysis is based on leading trade indices and indicators and the results confirm that significant change in India’s trading structure is associated with the fast growth of foreign trade. The composition of exports has undergone changes overtime, bearing a strong influence of factor endowments and technology in favour of both human capital intensive and technology intensive sectors. The magnitude of product diversification shows that India’s export basket is poorly diversified but more diversified than BRICS countries except China. India’s export destinations showed a major shift from the developed countries market to the emerging markets in Asia and Africa. However, India holds more increased trade intensity with USA and Hong Kong. Dynamism in labour-intensive manufacturing sector is vital to promote India’s exports of agricultural value-added products and enable more competitive at the world. Also, the development of new markets should be viewed as part of a wider effort to enlarge the India’s foreign trade. JEL Code: F10, F14, F19
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Burek, Jasmina, and Darin Nutter. "Life cycle assessment of grocery, perishable, and general merchandise multi-facility distribution center networks." Energy and Buildings 174 (September 2018): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.06.021.
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Rupe, Dana, and Grace I. Kunz. "Building a Financially Meaningful Language of Merchandise Assortments." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 16, no. 2 (March 1998): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9801600204.
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Dębowiak, Przemysław. "Waaren-Lexicon de Ph. A. Nemnich (1797)." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0011.
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AbstractThis paper presents the Waaren-Lexicon in zwölf Sprachen der Hamburgischen Commerz-Deputation zugeeignet (‘Vocabulary of Merchandise in twelve languages dedicated to the Chamber of Commerce of Hamburg’) as well as the figure of its author Philipp Andreas Nemnich (1764–1822), German encyclopaedist and journalist. It is a little-known multilingual lexicographic work, published in 1797 in Hamburg, which furnishes a collection of names of various kinds of merchandise such as food, plants, animals, tissues, minerals, precious stones, etc., and is designed for the practical use of tradesmen from different countries. The main purpose of the paper is to point out the characteristics of the Portuguese material included in the dictionary. It also provides evidence of the Waaren-Lexicon’s importance in supplying general knowledge about the European material culture at the end of the 18th century.
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Terblanche, N. S., and C. Boshoff. "The controllable elements of the total retail experience: A study of clothing shoppers." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i1.3331.
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Retail clothing stores continually have to adapt to marketplace demands to remain competitive. Customer retention has become a major objective for many clothing retailers. This study combines the management of a number of the controllable personal and non-personal elements that a customer are exposed to and interacts within a retail store, as part of the shopping experience. The data analysis procedures closely followed the guidelines for scale development suggested by Churchill (1979). The empirical results suggest that there are five dimensions considered important by consumers when assessing their satisfaction with a total retail experience in a clothing store. These are: merchandise value, internal store environment, personal interaction with staff, merchandise variety and complaint handling.
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Nalbantis, Georgios, Marcel Fahrner, and Tim Pawlowski. "The Demand for Licensed Merchandise in Sports—On the Purchase Channel Choice." Journal of Sport Management 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0179.
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Clubs and third-party operators offer licensed sports products via offline and online stores. Although a few papers have previously focused on sports merchandise, no study has ever analyzed the factors associated with the purchase channel (PC) choice. Based on representative survey data of sports club members, we empirically test the statistical association between consumers’ characteristics and their PC choice. Econometric results suggest that the PC choice is affected by membership characteristics and sociodemographic attributes such as gender, education, income, and place of residence. Comparisons with results from studies conducted in more general settings suggest that the transferability of findings from general to sports-specific settings (and vice versa) is limited. Moreover, the finding, that the impact of these characteristics depends on the type of operator (club vs. retailer) rather than the type of product, highlights the relevance to distinguish between vertically integrated and third-party-operated PCs in both managerial decisions and future research.
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Hou, Lawrence C., and Marjorie A. Murphy. "Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Caused by a Merchandise Display Hook." Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 41, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0191-3913-20040701-18.
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Štulec, Ivana, Kristina Petljak, and Anja Kukor. "The Role of Store Layout and Visual Merchandising in Food Retailing." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v4i1.p138-151.
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Literature proposes a number of store attributes as potentially significant factors affecting customers’ evaluation of retailer’s image, store loyalty and overall satisfaction, such as merchandise assortment and quality, service in general, personnel, store layout, convenience, cleanliness and atmosphere. Successful and profitable retailers use effectively each and every square meter of the retail space, both in the store and in the warehouse. Since retail space is costly, space management is gaining strategic importance in retailing. Appropriate store floor plans, location of certain merchandise categories, levels of inventory and visual displays are crucial factors of proper use of retail space. Misuse of retail space can be detrimental to retailer’s bottom line as it can result in difficulties in orientation of customers in the store, their shorter stay in the store, consequentially lower sales and possible loss of customers. It is hypothesised that effects of poor space management are even more pronounced in retail formats that incorporate self-service as a selling method with food retailers being especially at risk because in a setting where consumers can find identical merchandise in more than one store, layout and presentation become key differentiating factors. An empirical study is conducted as to determine the role of food store layout and visual merchandising compared to other store attributes in achieving customer satisfaction and to define preferable large food store layout among consumers. Research results imply that retailers need to create stimulating atmosphere and appealing layout in order to trigger consumer's buying decision.
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Dunyon, Josh, Valerie Gossling, Sarah Willden, and John S. Seiter. "Compliments and Purchasing Behavior in Telephone Sales Interactions." Psychological Reports 106, no. 1 (February 2010): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.106.1.27-30.
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A fitness equipment salesperson sold more add-on merchandise and earned a higher commission when complimenting customers (47 men, 41 women) than when not complimenting them during telephone interactions. Compliments did not increase the sales of fitness equipment, however.
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Stone, Linda C., and Nancy L. Cassill. "Retail Buyers' Saleability Judgments: A Comparison of Merchandise Categories." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 8, no. 1 (September 1989): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x8900800107.
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Chen, Quan, Jiangtao Wang, Jianjun Yu, and Sang-Bing Tsai. "An Empirical Research on Marketing Strategies of Different Risk Preference Merchant." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7947894.
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Holiday merchandise has unique demand characteristics, unofficial start data, and a limited life cycle. In an intensely competitive market, individual merchants are able to get more sales opportunities if they display their products earlier. In this study, a time-variant variance and time-variant expected market demand model are introduced to investigate the order strategies that are used by risk-averse holiday merchants. Our results show that risk preference, market uncertainty, and market power have a significant effect on the merchant’s market strategies. Risk-averse merchants prefer to enhance forecast accuracy rather than using an early-display advantage. They can even give up their early-display advantage if they are faced with increased market uncertainty and small market power. Compared with the fixed purchase cost, the time-sensitive purchase cost can stimulate the merchant to purchase in advance, but this can decrease the merchant’s profit. Consequently, risk-averse merchants always display their merchandise later, decrease the order quantity, and, finally, miss the market opportunity.
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Krupina, N. N. "Non-potable water as a merchandise: The market and the promotion strategy." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 13, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 246–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.13.3.246.
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Subject. The article discusses the specifics of the non-potable water market, strategies for the market-driven behavior of agents, public administration and the maintenance of goods circulation. Objectives. I substantiate the possibility of reasonable water use by expanding the non-potable water market to use it for general and washing processes. The article also evaluates strategic market positions of the merchandise. Methods. I applied general methods for analyzing the water use as a socio-economic process, systematizing the existing viewpoints and scholarly findings, matrix-based tools for choosing the operators’ market behavior strategy, graphical and logic analyses of market aspects and public regulation measures. Results. I specified the concept of non-potable water and the non-potable water market, described what distinguishes the non-potable market constituents, i.e. a merchandise, boundaries, scale, prices, mutual relationships, functions. I carried out the dual matrix analysis of strategic positions of areas where private operators work in coordinates of the matrices the product – the market and the buyer – the seller. Considering the shortage of potable water and deterioration of water reservoirs and fiscal benefits, it is reasonable to amplify stringent measures of public administration. Conclusions and Relevance. The national water security and competitive advantages of Russia are indispensable unless local markets of non-potable water progresses. Business areas can be evaluated and typical market behavior strategies can be used to maintain the competitive potential if operators’ activities are analyzed by coordinating classical administrative matrices the product – the market and the buyer – the seller. The findings can be used to set up trading activities of water wastewater treatment plants and private operators, executive authorities in regions and municipalities that organize and control the performance of national strategic programs and projects.
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Dileep Sai, T., Dr N.Venkatram, and A. Veda. "Free Cycling." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.11095.
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The essential objective of our venture is to collect an in general open handedness site which diminishes misuse (squander), spares fabricated products, at the same time empowers our individuals to be get profited from the control of a bigger zone for no income. For specific made merchandise there can be various selectors, so based on the fundamental concern or by the prerequisite of the buyer they made products are advertised. Our approach is to put forward a present day innovation that will permit people to reuse the fabricated merchandise in a simple way. It’s totally non-profitable and based on the gather of people who are charitable and getting the item for free in their claim neighborhood zone. It is most vitally based on the clients who are willing to offer the item for free based on specific region. So, we came with a proposition of building up a site which will loan a hand to the people to see at the items near by them. This will fair require a clear enlistment on the site
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Cyrek, Piotr. "Diversification of Customer Shopping Styles as a Result of Changes in the Weekly Work Schedules of Retail Outlets." Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minib-2020-0016.
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AbstractThe article presents the results of three studies conducted by the author concerning the preferences of retail outlet customers with regard to the days of the week on which they most frequently purchase general food and non-food merchandise. This issue has become relevant within the context of the enactment of the Act of 10 January 2018 on limiting trade on Sundays, holidays and certain other days. Previous customer shopping styles as regards weekly shopping schedules must have changed. The aim of the article is to identify consumers’ habits and their changes concerning the weekly shopping schedules before and after the Act implementation. The results are based on direct surveys conducted in 2014, 2016 and 2018 among customers in Podkarpackie Province. A descriptive analysis of the results is supported by the statistical test chi square usage. It may be concluded that both in relation to food and non-food merchandise, the implementation of the Act resulted in a decrease in the number of customers engaging in shopping on Sundays. In the case of food items, the shopping activity moved to Mondays and Tuesdays of the following week, the purpose being to resupply. No increase was identified in the number of customers purchasing food on Fridays or Saturdays preceding non-trading Sundays. The opposite was true for non-food merchandise, where non-trading Sundays resulted primarily in increased sales on Saturdays, with minor increases on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays as well. The differences in weekly shopping schedules observed between every edition of the study also proved to be more significant than those identified in the individual respondent classification groups used for the purpose of the article.
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Avery, Derek R., Patrick F. Mckay, and Emily M. Hunter. "Demography and disappearing merchandise: How older workforces influence retail shrinkage." Journal of Organizational Behavior 33, no. 1 (March 29, 2011): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.749.
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Czapar, George F., Marc P. Curry, and Raymond A. Cloyd. "Educational Needs and Customer Service Practices of Retail Stores That Sell Pesticides in Illinois." HortTechnology 17, no. 1 (January 2007): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.1.115.
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A survey of 936 retail stores was conducted in Illinois to help understand how pest management recommendations are made, identify current sources of information, and assess educational needs. Overall response rate was 43%, and significant differences in the level of employee training, educational materials used, and customer referrals were noted among lawn and garden stores, home improvement centers, hardware stores, and general merchandise stores. While 72% of lawn and garden centers assigned specific employees to make pesticide recommendations, only 39% of hardware stores identified a specialized employee. Over 80% of lawn and garden centers referred customer questions to extension or Master Gardeners, while less than 20% of general merchandise stores made similar referrals. Improving customer service was the most important potential outcome of additional employee training, followed by improving the ability of sales staff to explain product labels. Reducing potential liability was identified as an important training outcome by 68% of home improvement centers. Fact sheets were identified by 60% of respondents as being very useful to store employees, while programs at educational centers were identified by less than 20% of respondents as being very useful. Retail stores that sell pesticides represent an important source of pest control information and product recommendations for the average homeowner. As store employees become more knowledgeable about integrated pest management, this should improve their ability to make recommendations and ultimately increase consumer safety.
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Lambert, S. Lane. "Merchandise Hardware: A Case Designed to Teach Students Generalized Audit Software Using Microsoft Access." AIS Educator Journal 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3194/1935-8156-10.1.1.
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ABSTRACT This paper provides an educational case wherein students learn how Microsoft Access (“Access”) can be used as Generalized Audit Software (“GAS”). Students export data from an Access database provided in the case that simulates a portion of the Expenditure Cycle in the Accounting Information System (“AIS”) used by the case company. Students then import the downloaded data into another Access database where Queries and a Module are used as GAS to analyze and audit the data. In the case, students assume the roles of accounts payable manager, general ledger accountant, procurement manager and internal/external auditor, thereby learning that not only auditors but also accountants and managers can use GAS. Once the students have created and executed the Access GAS procedures illustrated in the case, they are given an assignment that includes modifying a case GAS procedure, documenting GAS procedures, and recommending and implementing improvements in the case AIS based on GAS results. The case is designed to teach students general concepts for planning and performing GAS procedures and software skills in using Access as GAS. This paper is the first educational case that illustrates how Access Modules can be used as GAS.
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Debnath, Avijit, Niranjan Roy, Priyanka Dasgupta, and Nazira Mazumder. "On productivity differential of export composition: evidence from India." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-01-2013-0002.
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyse the relationship between exports and non-export gross domestic product (GDP) in the context of Indian economy during 1988-2012. It considers export both at aggregate and disaggregated levels to examine whether export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis is sensitive to types of goods India exports. Design/methodology/approach – The OLS-based autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model has been employed to analyse the potential long-run equilibrium relationship. Further, the error correction model within the ARDL framework is applied to examine the short-run and long-run causal relationship between non-export GDP, export and other variables. The study is based on secondary data. Findings – The study indicates that at aggregate level, exports do not have any significant impact on output of non-export sector, and therefore, it is maintained that ELG hypothesis is not valid at aggregate level in India; when the authors disaggregate exports into merchandise and services exports, the latter has been found to have positive spillover effects on non-export sector of the economy. However, the association between merchandise export and non-export GDP is found to be statistically insignificant. When the authors further disaggregated merchandise exports, the authors observed that primary-product export has a negative association with non-export GDP, but export of manufacturing products found to have a significant positive impact on non-export GDP. Finally, export of petroleum product shows a negative long-run association with non-export GDP, but the association is statistically insignificant. Originality/value – It is not the case that India can simply increase its exports per se and be sure of witnessing economic growth, but instead it is the composition and the concentration of these exports that matters.
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Guichot Muñoz, Elena. "EL LENGUAJE POÉTICO COMO ARMA DEFENSIVA: LA MUJER COMO MERCANCÍA EN LA OBRA DE ARÍSTIDES VARGAS." Revista Internacional de Culturas y Literaturas, no. 15 (2014): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ricl.2014.i15.04.
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La obra teatral de Arístides Vargas La muchacha de los libros usados, del grupo cultural Malayerba (Ecuador), dibuja el espacio de opresión en el que vive una Muchacha vendida por su padre a un militar. La intimidación de su marido/comprador anula a la Muchacha y la somete a un espacio castrador donde la menstruación será la llave de entrada a la violencia sobre su cuerpo. Solo la poesía logrará la salvación de esta mujer mercancía.
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PRATS, Germán MARTÍNEZ, and Aida Beatriz ARMENTA-RAMÍREZ. "Validation Data of Mexico's Trade Balance." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).13.
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The collection, compilation and dissemination of international merchandise trade statistics must follow standards for international comparability. These processes are structured according to particular institutional arrangements in countries. The general responsibility and dissemination of the Merchandise Trade Balance in Mexico are Tax Administration Service, Ministry of the Economy, Banco de México and the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. At most points of entry, goods are brought into or withdrawn from the customs territory of a country under various customs procedures. The objective of this paper is to establish a method of validation of imports and exports considering the volumes by tariff fraction and unit of measure, as well as the incoterms, to generate a specific registry that allows obtaining more reliable information and serves to make decisions of the actors involved in foreign trade. This information will be used to analyze the evolution and structure of the Commercial Balance of Mexico, as well as to evaluate the interaction that is registered between the commercial activity and the behavior of the national economy, that is why the analysis of the information it generates the commercial balance of Mexico, since this is basic for the decision making of those in charge of public policies in commercial and financial matters.
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Goldar, Bishwanath, Deb Kusum Das, Pilu Chandra Das, and Neha Gupta. "Domestic Versus Imported Contents in Exports: The Case of India’s Merchandise Trade." Journal of South Asian Development 15, no. 1 (April 2020): 62–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174120922451.
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This article combines national input–output tables (1998–1999 to 2007–2008) with World Input–Output Database (1995–2011) to evaluate foreign value-added (FVA) content in India’s exports at aggregate and disaggregate levels. The results confirm rising FVA and declining domestic value added (DVA) in India’s total and merchandise exports across a majority of the commodities. India’s international fragmentation has risen but continues to be lower than that of East Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Strikingly, a regression-based decomposition analysis shows greater positive impact of rise in FVA on India’s export growth as compared to imports, leading to substantial net gains. Second, India’s DVA content in exports did not decline much during 2007–2011, thereby displaying a sluggish upward trend in its FVA content. This article advocates the need for striking a right balance between the goals of increasing FVA (improving linkages into global value chains) to enhance export competitiveness and maintaining DVA (supporting the ‘Make in India’ initiative) in exports to generate employment opportunities domestically.
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Rose, Andrew K. "Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade?" American Economic Review 94, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282804322970724.
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This paper estimates the effect on international trade of multilateral trade agreements—the World Trade Organization (WTO), its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) extended from rich countries to developing countries. I use a standard “gravity” model of bilateral merchandise trade and a large panel data set covering over 50 years and 175 countries. An extensive search reveals little evidence that countries joining or belonging to the GATT/WTO have different trade patterns from outsiders, though the GSP seems to have a strong effect.
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Jeffrey, Scott A., Alyce M. Dickinson, and Yngvi F. Einarsson. "The use of incentives in organizations." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 62, no. 6 (July 19, 2013): 606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-12-2012-0139.
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PurposeThe authors aim to analyze actual practice in industry with respect to the use, choice, and effectiveness of four types of incentives, cash, prepaid cards, travel, and merchandise.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a survey of 170 practicing incentive design managers.FindingsUsage of cash and cards continue to increase but travel and merchandise are still frequently used.Originality/valueThis will provide useful information to practitioners who design incentive programs.
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Du Toit, Michael, and Ricardo Machado. "The merit of credit: exploring the factors that make retail credit consumers loyal." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c8art1.
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Loyal consumers are often regarded as the ultimate goal of any retail business, with the definition of loyalty incorporating many aspects of consumer behaviour and attitudes, the most prominent of which is return purchase behaviour. Credit consumers tend to display consistent repurchase behaviour, thereby appearing loyal. The aim of the current study was to investigate credit consumers of a retail clothing store and to identify factors that influence their loyalty towards the store. In order to achieve this objective, a comparison was made between a sample of account holders (credit consumers) and a similar sized sample of consumers who paid for their purchases in cash. Respondents were surveyed about their attitudes towards the retailer’s merchandise, service and pricing, their perceived commitment to the retailer, their current purchase behaviour and their anticipated future behaviour regarding long-term loyalty towards the retailer. The study showed that account holders’ loyalty towards the retailer was mostly influenced by the merchandise selection followed closely by the service received. Price had a negligible influence on account holders’ loyalty towards the retailer. The findings of the study serve to guide retailers’ strategies in terms of the provision of credit as a means to encourage loyalty amongst their consumers and resource allocation when considering competitive differentiation
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Lee, Donghun, and Galen Trail. "The Influence of Personal Values and Goals on Cognitive and Behavioral Involvement in Sport." Journal of Sport Management 25, no. 6 (November 2011): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.6.593.
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This exploratory study examined the relationships among personal values, life goals, and individuals’ cognitive and behavioral involvement in sport. Multiple regression analyses revealed that personal values and goals explained a small to large amount of variance in General Sport Fanship (28%), Team Identification (28%), Televised Sports Viewership (19%), Game Attendance (13%), Internet Use specific to Sport (13%), Sport Listenership (12%), Sport Merchandise Purchasing (9%), and Sport Readership (8%). Comprehending the practical implications of identifying personal values, and in some cases personal goals, that influence cognitive loyalty and sport consumer behavior might improve sport marketers’ abilities to predict various types of sport involvement.
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Xiao, Zhenghong, Moyue Qiu, and Yangyang Mei. "Combined prediction model of merchandise sales on the basis of differential evolution algorithm." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 19, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-190009.
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Mondal, Wali I. "Structural transformation and growth of merchandise trade of low-income economies 1980–1992." International Advances in Economic Research 2, no. 4 (November 1996): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02295460.
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Tavernier, Edmund M., Farong Li, and Daymon W. Thatch. "Proving the Economic Importance of the Greenhouse, Nursery and Sod Industry: A New Jersey Case Study." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-13.2.86.
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Abstract The economic contribution of the greenhouse, nursery and sod (GNS) sector to the economy of New Jersey was analyzed using Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN). The results were analyzed in terms of employment, employee compensation, and total industry output, and were disaggregated into direct, indirect and induced effects of GNS activity. The analysis shows that the direct contribution of the GNS sector generated substantial indirect and induced economic effects in the real estate sector. The indirect effects were also great for the wholesale, agricultural services and agricultural chemicals sector, while the general merchandise, and the apparel and accessories sectors experienced major gains from the induced effects of GNS activity.
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Boiko, R. V., and D. G. Pavlichenko. "Evaluation of the merchandise of the national population living in the court of commodity-expertise." Legal horizons, no. 22 (2020): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i22.p93.
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I’ve taken a look at the food assessment of the goods and the goods of the national population, the hour of the shipboard examination of the goods. The article analyzes the procedure for showing indicators of the most appropriate legislation and legal documents for conducting forensic expert examinations. It is completed on the basis of the power assessment in general and exclusively for the robotic environment. I took a look at the food, as I often took a position before the forensic experts in third-party robots with the indicated availability of goods, I brought up the need for more detailed examination and the need for more detailed analysis of the table. There are different methods for evaluating live indicators and for changing their minds and needing to conduct a forensic expert examination of valuations for national goods. The analysis of the nutrition of old power standards and the need to reserve new ones has been analyzed, so as to present to the minds of the world. Respect is respected for the technical and technical minds of the high-tech industry according to the established standards of product specifications and the hour of shipboard examination of goods. The important thing is that important goods are reached, by way of identification of which goods and standards are available and to technical standards of technology.
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Kalaitzi, Athanasia S., and Trevor W. Chamberlain. "Merchandise exports and economic growth: multivariate time series analysis for the United Arab Emirates." Journal of Applied Economics 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2020.1722384.
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