Journal articles on the topic 'General Post Office (Dublin, Ireland)'

NORTHERN IRELAND FROM THE AIR. Edited by R. Common, Belfast : Queen's University Geography Department, 1964. 104 pp., 44 plates, 1 folding map. 10 × 8 ins. 25s.THE CANALS OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND, by W. A. McCutcheon. Dawlish : David and Charles, and London : Macdonald and Co., 1965. 180 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/4 in. 36s.ULSTER AND OTHER IRISH MAPS c.1600. Edited by G. A. Hayes‐McCoy. Dublin : Irish Manuscripts Commission, 1964. 13 × 19 in. xv + 36 pp., 23. plates. £ 6.SOILS OF COUNTY WEXFORD. Edited by P. Ryan and M. J. Gardiner. Prepared and published by An Foras Talúntais (The Agricultural Institute), Dublin 1964. 171 pp. and three fold‐in maps. 30s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOIL, by Brian T. Bunting. London : Hutchinson's University Library, 1965. pp. 213. 14 figs. 12 tables. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 15s.THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF LANDFORMS. Vol. I : GEOMORPHOLOGY BEFORE DAVIS. Richard J. Chorley, Anthony J. Dunn and Robert P. Beckinsale. London : Methuen, 1964. 678 pp. 84s.A DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, by F. J. Monkhouse. London : Edward. Arnold Ltd., 1965. 344 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 35s.LA REGION DE L'OUEST, by Pierre Flatrès. Collection ‘France de Demain ‘. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1964. 31s. 6d.THE BRITISH ISLES : A SYSTEMATIC GEOGRAPHY. Edited by J. Wreford Watson and J. B. Sissons. Edinburgh : Thomas Nelson, 1964. 452 pp. 45s.SCANDINAVIAN LANDS, by Roy Millward. London : Macmillan, 1964. Pp. 448. 9 × 6 in. 45s.MERSEYSIDE, by R. Kay Gresswell and R. Lawton. British Landscapes Through Maps, No. 6. The Geographical Association, Sheffield, 1964. 36 pp. + 16 plates. 7 1/2 × 9 1/2 in. 5s.WALKING IN WICKLOW, by J. B. Malone. Dublin : Helicon Ltd., 1964. 172 pp. 7 × 4 #fr1/2> in. 7s.GREYSTONES 1864–1964. A parish centenary, 1964. 23 pp. 8 #fr1/4> × 5 1/2 in. 2s. 6d. Obtainable from the A.P.C.K., 37 Dawson Street, Dublin 2.DINNSEANCHAS. Vol. I, No. I. June 1964. An Cumann Logainmneacha, Baile Atha Cliath. Pp. 24. 5s.JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS OF IRELAND. Vol. I, Dublin. 1964.MAP READING FOR THE INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATE, by Michael J. Turner. A. Folens : Dublin. 1964. 92 pp.MAP OF CORK CITY, 1: 15,000. Dublin : Ordnance Survey Office, 1964. 32 × 24 in. On paper, flat, 4s., or folded and covered, 5s.IRELAND, by T. W. Freeman. London : Methuen & Co. Ltd. Third edition, 1965. 5 1/2 × 8 #fr1/2> in. Pp. xx + 560. 65s.THE PLANNING AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DUBLIN REGION. PRELIMINARY REPORT. By Myles Wright. Dublin : Stationery Office, 1965. Pp.55. 8 ins. × 11 3/4 ins. 10s 6d.LIMERICK REGIONAL PLAN. Interim Report on the Limerick—Shannon— Ennis District by Nathaniel Litchfield. The Stationery Office, Dublin 1965. 8 × 12 ins. ; Pp. 83 ; 10s. 6d.ANTRIM NEW TOWN. Outline Plan. Belfast : H. M. Stationery Office, 1965. 10 1/2 × 8 1/2 in. 15s.HEPORT OF THE DEPUTY KEEPER OF THE RECORDS 1954–1959. Belfast : Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Cmd. 490. 138 pp. 10s.ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, by Ronald Hope. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 4th edition, 1965. pp. 296. 15s. 6d.CLIMATE, SOILS AND VEGETATION, by D. C. Money. London : University Tutorial Press, 1965. pp. 272. 18s.TECHNIQUES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY, by Cuchlaine A. M. King. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 342 pp. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1966. 40s.BRITISH GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP PUBLICATIONS :— 1. RATES OF EROSION AND WEATHERING IN THE BRITISH ISLES. Occasional Publication No. 2, 1965. Pp. 46. 13 × 8 in. 7s. 6d.2. DEGLACIATION. Occasional Publication No. 3, 1966. Pp. 37. 13 × 8 in. 7s.RECHERCHES DE GÉOMORPHOLOGIE EN ÉCOSSE DU NORD‐OUEST. By A. Godard. Publication de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Strasbourg, 1965. 701 pp. 482 reís.ARTHUR'S SEAT: A HISTORY OF EDINBURGH'S VOLCANO, by G. P. Black. Edinburgh & London : Oliver & Boyd, 1966. 226 pp. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 35s.OFFSHORE GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE. The Political and Economic Problems of Delimitation and Control, by Lewis M. Alexander. London : Murray, 1966. 35s.GEOGRAPHICAL PIVOTS OF HISTORY. An Inaugural Lecture, by W. Kirk. Leicester University Press, 1965. 6s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF FRONTIERS AND BOUNDARIES, by J. R. V. Prescott. London : Hutchinson, 1965. 15s.THE READER'S DIGEST COMPLETE ATLAS OF THE BRITISH ISLES.. London : Reader's Digest Assoc., 1965. 230 pp. 15 1/4 × 10 1/2 in. £5. 10. 0.ULSTER DIALECTS. AN INTRODUCTORY SYMPOSIUM. Edited by G. B. Adams, Belfast : Ulster Folk Museum, 1964. 201 pp. 9 1/2 × 6 1/2 in. 20s.ULSTER FOLKLIFE, Volume 11. Belfast: The Ulster Folk Museum, 1965. Pp. 139. 9 1/2 × 7 in. 15s.GEOGRAPHICAL ABSTRACTS published and edited by K. M. Clayton, F. M Yates, F. E. Hamilton and C. Board.Obtainable from Geo. Abstracts, Dept. of Geography, London School of Economics, Aldwych, London, W.C.2. Subscription rates as below.THE CLIMATE OF LONDON. T. J. Chandler. London : Hutchinson and Co., 1965. 292 pp., 86 figs., 93 tables. 70/‐.MONSOON LANDS, Part I, by R. T. Cobb and L. J. M. Coleby. London : University Tutorial Press Ltd., 1966, constituting Book Six (Part 1 ) of the Advanced Level Geography Series. 303 pp. 8 1/4 × 5 1/4 in. 20s.PREHISTORIC AND EARLY CHRISTIAN IRELAND. A GUIDE, by Estyn Evans. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1966. xii + 241 pp. 45s.A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND, by G. Fahy. Dublin : Browne and Nolan Ltd. No date. 238 pp. 12s.THE CANALS OF THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by V. T. H. and D. R. Delany. Newton Abbot : David and Charles, 1966. 260 pp. + 20 plates. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 50s.THE COURSE OF IRISH HISTORY. Edited by T. W. Moody and F. X. Martin. Cork : The Mercier Press. 1967. 404 pp. 5 3/4 × 7 3/4 ins. Paperback, 21s. Hard cover, 40s.NORTH MUNSTER STUDIES. Edited by E. Rynne. Limerick : The Thomond Archaeological Society, 1967. 535 pp. 63s.SOILS OF COUNTY LIMERICK, by T. F. Finch and Pierce Ryan. Dublin: An Foras Talúntais, 1966. 199 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 9 1/2 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.THE FORESTS OF IRELAND. Edited by H. M. Fitzpatrick. Dublin : Society of Irish Foresters. No date. 153 pp. 9 3/4 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.PLANNING FOR AMENITY AND TOURISM. Specimen Development Plan Manual 2–3, Donegal. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 110 pp. 8 × 11 in. 12s. 6d.NEW DIMENSIONS IN REGIONAL PLANNING. A CASE STUDY OF IRELAND, by Jeremiah Newman. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha, 1967. 128 pp. 8 1/2 × 6 in. 25s.TRAFFIC PLANNING FOR SMALLER TOWNS. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Regional Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 35 pp. 8 1/4 × 10 3/4 in. No price.LATE AND POST‐GLACIAL SHORELINES AND ICE LIMITS IN ARGYLL AND NORTH‐EAST ULSTER, by F. M. Synge and N. Stephens. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 59, 1966, pp. 101–125.QUATERNARY CHANGES OF SEA‐LEVEL IN IRELAND, by A. R. Orme. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 39, 1966, pp. 127–140.LIMESTONE PAVEMENTS (with special reference to Western Ireland), by Paul W. Williams. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 40, 1966, pp. 155–172. 50s. for 198 pages.IRISH SPELEOLOGY. Volume I, No. 2, 1966. Pp. 18. 10 × 8 in. 5s., free to members of the Irish Speleological Association.THE GEOGRAPHER'S CRAFT, by T. W. Freeman. Manchester University Press, 1967. pp.204. 8 1/4 × 5 in. 25s.GEOGRAPHY AS HUMAN ECOLOGY. Edited by S. R. Eyre and G. R. J. Jones. London : Edward Arnold Ltd., 1966. 308 pp. 45s.LOCATIONAL ANALYSIS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, by Peter Haggett. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1965. 339 pp. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 40s.AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY, by Leslie Symons. London : G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1967. 283 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 ins. 30s.THE GEOLOGY OF SCOTLAND, edited by Gordon Y. Craig. Edinburgh and London : Oliver & Boyd, 1965. Pp. 556. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2 in. 105s.MORPHOLOGY OF THE EARTH, by Lester C. King. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 2nd ed., 1967. 726 pp. 9 1/2 × 7 in. £5. 5. 0.INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF CARTOGRAPHY, V, 1965. Edited by Eduard Imhof. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 1965. 222 pp. + 9 plates. 9 3/4 × 6 1/2 in. 47s. 6d.IRISH FOLK WAYS, by E. Estyn Evans. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967. 324 pp. 16s.A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL IRELAND, by A.J.Otway‐Ruthven. London: Ernest Benn Limited. New York : Barnes and Noble Inc., 1968. xv + 454 pp. 70s.IRISH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ITS VOLUME AND STRUCTURE, by Raymond D. Crotty. Cork University Press, 1966. 384 pp. 42s.PLANNING IN IRELAND. Edited by F. Rogerson and P. O hUiginn. Dublin : The Irish Branch of the Town Planning Institute and An Foras Forbartha, 1907. 199 pp.THE SHELL GUIDE TO IRELAND, by Lord Killanin and Michael V. Duignan. London : Ebury Press and George Rainbird (distributed by Michael Joseph) : 2nd edition, 1967. 512 pp. 50s.THE CLIMATE OF NORTH MUNSTER, by P. K. Rohan. Dublin : Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1968. 72 pp. 10s. 6d.SOILS OF COUNTY CARLOW, by M.J. Conry and Pierce Ryan. Dublin : An Foras Talúntais, 1967. 204 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 30s.MOURNE COUNTRY, by E. Estyn Evans. Dundalk : Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd., 2nd ed., 1967. 244 pp. 63s.THE DUBLIN REGION. Advisory Plan and Final Report, by Myles Wright. Dublin : The Stationery Office, 1967. Part One, pp. 64. 20s. Part Two, pp. 224. 80s.BELFAST : THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY. Edited by J. C. Beckett and R. E. Glasscock. London : The British Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 204 pp. 25s.REPORT ON SKIBBEREEN SOCIAL SURVEY, by John Jackson. Dublin : Human Sciences Committee of the Irish National Productivity Committee, 1967. 63 pp. 12s. 6d.AN OUTLINE PLAN FOR GALWAY CITY, by Breandan S. MacAodha. Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1966. 15 pp.COASTAL PASSENGER STEAMERS AND INLAND NAVIGATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by D.B. McNeill. Belfast : The Transport Museum (Transport Handbook No. 6), 1965 (issued in 1967). 44 pp. (text) + 12 pp. (plates). 3s. 6d.CANALIANA, the annual bulletin of Robertstown Muintir na Tire. Robertstown, Co. Kildare : Muintir na Tire, n.d. (issued in 1967). 60 pp. 2s. 6d.CONACRE IN IRELAND, by Breandan S. MacAodha (Social Sciences Research Centre, Galway). Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1967, 15 pp. No price.PROCESSES OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, by V.P. Zenkovich, edited by J.A. Steers, translated by D.G. Fry. 738 pp. Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd, 1967. £12. 12s.CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS. 20th International Geographical Congress. Edited by J. Wreford Watson. London : Nelson, 1967. 401 pp. 70s.REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, by Roger Minshull. London : Hutchinson University Library, 1967. 168 pp. 10s. 6d.ATMOSPHERE, WEATHER AND CLIMATE, by R.G. Barry and R.J. Chorley. London : University Paperback, Methuen, 1967. 25s.THE EVOLUTION OF SCOTLAND'S SCENERY, by J.B. Sissons. Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd, 1967. 259 pp. 63s.WEST WICKLOW. BACKGROUND FOR DEVELOPMENT, by F.H.A. Aalen, D.A. Gillmor and P.W. Williams. Dublin : Geography Department, Trinity College, 1966. 323 pp. Unpublished : copy available in the Society's Library.

IRELAND : A GENERAL AND REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, by T. W. Freeman, Fourth edition. London : Methuen, 1909. xx + 558 pp. £5.THE IRISHNESS OF THE IRISH, by E. Estyn Evans. Belfast: the Irish Association for Cultural, Economic and Social Relations. 1908. pp. 8. 2s. 6d.ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF IRELAND. Dublin : Allen Figgis, 1968. 463 pp. 120s.AN INTRODUCTION TO MAP READING FOR IRISH SCHOOLS, by R. A. Butlin. Dublin : Longmans, Browne & Nolan Limited, 1968. 123 pp. with four half‐inch O.S. map extracts. 10s.AN OUTLINE OF THE RE‐TRIANGULATION OF NORTHERN IRELAND, by W. R. Taylor. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1907. 27 pp. 4s. 6d.A REVIEW OF DRUMLIN SOILS RESEARCH, 1959–1966, by J. Mulqueen and W. Burke. Dublin : An Foras Talúntais, 1967. 57 pp. 5s.FAMILY AND COMMUNITY IN IRELAND, by Conrad M. Arensberg and Solon T. Kimball. Harvard : the University Press, 2nd edition, 1968. 417 pp. $7.95.LONDONDERRY AREA PLAN. James Munce partnership. Belfast, 1968. 156 pp. 32s 6d.AN AGRICULTURAL ATLAS OF COUNTY GALWAY, by J. H. Johnson and B. S. MacAodha. Social Sciences Research Centre, University College, Galway, Research Papers Numbers 4 and 5. Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1967. 66 pp.LIFE IN IRELAND, by L. M. Cullen. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd. New York : G. P. Putnams's Sons. 1968. xiv + 178 pp. 25s.PHASES OF IRISH HISTORY, by Eoin MacNeill. Dublin : Gill, 1968. 364 pp. 10s 6d.ANGLO‐IRISH TRADE, 1660–1800, by L. M. Cullen. Manchester : the University Press, 1968. 252 pp. 60s.IRISH PEASANT SOCIETY, by K. H. Connell. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1968. 167 pp. 35s.THE COUNTY DONEGAL RAILWAYS (Part One of a History of the Narrow‐Gauge Railways of North‐West Ireland), by Edward M. Patterson. Newton Abbot: David and Charles : 2nd edition, 1969. 208 pp. 40s.THE IRISH LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE, by T. G. Wilson. Dublin: Allen Figgis, 1908. 149 pp. 42s.REPORT OF THE DEPUTY KEEPER OF THE PUBLIC RECORDS, 1960–65. Cmd. 521. 1908. 244 pp. 17s Cd. SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF LOCAL HISTORY IN NORTHERN IRELAND. 102 pp. 2s 6d. IRISH ECONOMIC DOCUMENTS. 37 pp. 1s. All published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Belfast.IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY, Volume I, numbers 1 (1967), 2 and 3 (1968). Dublin : An Foras Talúntais (Agricultural Institute). Each number 10s.JOURNAL OF THE KERRY ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. No. 1, 1968, 116 pp. No. 2, 1969, 150 pp.Maps and map cataloguesTHE KINGDOME OF IRELAND, by John Speed. Dublin : Bord Fáilte Éireann, 1966. Obtainable from the Library, Trinity College, Dublin. 12s. 6d.MAP CATALOGUE. Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1908. 40 pp. 5s.CATALOGUE OF SMALL SCALE MAPS AND CHARTS. Ordnance Survey of Ireland. Dublin : Government Publications Office, 1968. 11pp. 1s.EIRE. Dublin : Ordnance Survey office. 1:350,000. 1968. 58 × 43 in. £5 10s.NORTHERN IRELAND, Sheet 4 (the south‐east). 1:126,720. 1968. 40 × 30 in. Paper, flat, 5s. Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, Belfast.WICKLOW AND DISTRICT. Teaching extract. l:63,360, fully coloured. 1968. 1s.ICAO. Aeronautical chart: Ireland 1:500,000. 1968. Two sheets, 38 in. 29 in and 40 in. × 29 in. 5s.ICAO. World aeronautical chart: Ireland. 1:1,000,000. 1968. 21 1/2 in. × 27 in. 5s.INTERNATIONAL MAP OF THE WORLD. Ireland. 1:1,000,000. 1968. 183/4 in. 29 1/4 in. 5s.

THE CONURBATIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN, by T. W. Freeman. Manchester University Press, 1959. Pp. xii and 393. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4 in. 375. 6d.THE PLEISTOCENE PERIOD, by Frederick E. Zeuner. Hutchinson, London, 1959. 447 pp., 80 figures. 9 × 5 3/4 in. 42s.QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY AND CLIMATE IN THE NEAR EAST, by K. W. Butzer. Bonner Geographische Abhandlungen, Heft 24. Bonn, 1958. 157 pp., 8 figures, 16 plates. 9 × 6 in. DM 11.20.THE WORLD IS ROUND, by Frank Debenham. MacDonald and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., London. Pp. 96. 15 1/2 × 12 in. 50s.TEACHING GEOGRAPHY IN JUNIOR SCHOOLS. Published by the Geographical Association, Sheffield, 1959. Pp. 46. 9 3/4 × 6 in. 3s. 6d.THE IRISH STUDENT'S ATLAS, originally edited by Elenor Butler and revised to 1958. The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd., Dublin and Cork. Pp. xx + 48 + index. 11 × 8 1/2 in. 7s.6d.LÉARSCÁILÍOCHT ÉIREANN. MAP OF MONASTIC IRELAND. Dublin : Ordnance Survey. 1959. 7s. 6d.ATLAS OF AUSTRALIAN RESOURCES. Dept. of National Development, Canberra. Maps (28 × 30 in.) 10s. 6d. each, including com mentaries. Distributed by Angus and Roberston Ltd., London.MAP OF IRELAND, 1: 500,000. Dublin : Ordnance Survey Office. 2nd. edition, 1958. 26 × 37 in. 2s. 6d. flat, 3s. folded, 11s. flat and plastic coated.SURVEY OF IRELAND, 1: 250,000. Sheet 5 : Ireland, South‐west. Dublin : Ordnance Survey Office, 1959. 32 × 25 1/2 in. 2s. 6d. flat, 3s. 6d. folded, 10s. plastic coated.MAP OF DUBLIN, 1 : 25,000, Dublin : Ordnance Survey Office. Revised edition, 1959. 36 × 25 1/2 in. 3s. 6d. flat, 4s. folded.

AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN IRELAND. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1981. 166pp. IR£3-00. Reviewed by: Stu DaultreyTHE PERSONALITY OF IRELAND. HABITAT, HERITAGE AND HISTORY, by E. Estyn Evans. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1981. 2nd edition, 130pp. £3–95 stg. Reviewed by: P.J. DuffyTHE EMERGENCE OF MODERN IRELAND 1600–1900, by L.M. Cullen. London: Batsford, 1981. 292 pp. £17–50stg. Reviewed by: T. Jones HughesLA POPULATION DE LTRLANDE, by Jacques Verricrc. Paris: Mouton Editeur, 1979. 580 pp. Reviewed by: J.P. HaughtonTHE CONTEMPORARY POPULATION OF NORTHERN IRELAND AND POPULATION RELATED ISSUES, edited by Paul A. Compton. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University, Belfast, 1981. £4–50stg. Reviewed by: D.G. PringleTHE SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION OF IRELAND WITHIN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 58 (by Anthony Foley and Ms. P. Walbridge). Dublin: Stationery Office, (1981). 88 pp. IRC1-35. Reviewed by: P. BreathnachGEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, By HJ. Plettner. Research Paper Number 9. Galway: Social Sciences Research Centre, University College, Galway, 1979. 50 pp. Reviewed by: Desmond A. GillmorTHE TOWN IN IRELAND: HISTORICAL STUDIES XIII, edited by David Harkness and Mary O'Dowd. Belfast: Appletree Press, 1981. 252 pp. IR£10'90; £8–95 stg. Reviewed by: Stephen A. RoyleURBANISATION: PROBLEMS OF GROWTH AND DECAY IN DUBLIN, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 55 (by M.J. Bannon, J.G. Eustace and M. O'Neill). Dublin: Stationery Office, 1981. 376pp. IR£3–15. Reviewed by: A.J. ParkerLAND TRANSACTIONS AND PRICES IN THE DUBLIN AREA 1974–1978, by R. Jennings. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1980. 29 pp. IR£l–50. Reviewed by: Andrew MacLaranRESOURCE SURVEY OF THE KILLALA AREA, by M.S. 6 Cinneide and M.J. Keane. Galway: Social Science Research Centre, University College, Galway, 1980. 152 pp. IR£10-00. Reviewed by: P. O'FlanaganSIDE BY SIDE: TOWARDS A BALANCED DEVELOPMENT, by a Dutch Study Team. Sligo: (County development office), 1980. 166 pp. Reviewed by: Mary E. CawleyTHE BLASKET ISLANDS: NEXT PARISH AMERICA, by Joan and Ray Stagles. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1980, 144 pp. IRC8-00. Reviewed by: R.H. BuchananTHE SASH CANADA WORE: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE ORANGE ORDER IN CANADA, by C.J. Houston and W.J. Smyth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980. 215 pp. $(Can.)15-00. Reviewed by: F.H.A. AalenRICHARD GRIFFITH 1784–1878, edited by G.L.H. Davies and R.C. Mollan, Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1980. 221 pp. Reviewed by: Colin A. LewisMAP REVIEWSMOURNE COUNTRY OUTDOOR PURSUITS MAP. 1:25,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1981. £1–75 stg; THE WICKLOW WAY. 1:50,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1981. IR£l-80. Reviewed by: E. BuckmasterORDNANCE SURVEY HOLIDAY MAP. 1:250,000. Sheet 1, Ireland North. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern ireland, 1980. £1–20stg. Sheet 3, Ireland East. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1981. IR£l-80. Reviewed by: E. Buckmaster

REVIEWS OF BOOKSIRELAND IN PREHISTORY, by Michael Herity and George Eogan. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977. 302 pp. £8.95. Reviewed by: T. J. HughesTHE LIVING LANDSCAPE: KILGALLIGAN, ERRIS, CO. MAYO, by S. Ó Catháin and Patrick O'Flanagan. Dublin: Comhairle Bhéaloideas Éireann, 1975. 312 pp. Reviewed by: R. H. BuchananTHE IRISH TOWN: AN APPROACH TO SURVIVAL, by Patrick Shaffrey. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1975. 192 pp. £5.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyLOST DEMESNES: IRISH LANDSCAPE GARDENING 1660–1845, by Edward Malins and the Knight of Glin. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1976. 208 pp. ,£15.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyNORTH BULL ISLAND, DUBLIN BAY — A MODERN COASTAL NATURAL HISTORY, edited by D. W. Jeffrey and others. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1977. 158 pp. Hardback .£6.50, paperback £3.60. Reviewed by: J. P. HaughtonCONFLICT IN NORTHERN IRELAND: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POLARISED COMMUNITY, by John Darby. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1976. 268 pp. £7.95. Reviewed by: F. W. BoalBELFAST: AREAS OF SPECIAL SOCIAL NEED. REPORT BY PROJECT TEAM. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 85 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Robert D. OsborncDUBLIN: A CITY IN CRISIS, edited by P. M. Delany. Dublin: Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, 1975. 108 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Anngret SimmsIRELAND'S VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE, by Kevin Danaher. Cork: Mercier Press for the Cultural Relations Committee of Ireland, 1975. 82 pp., 68 plates. £1.50. Reviewed by: F. H. A. Aalen18TH CENTURY ULSTER EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA, Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimiles 121–140. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1972. £0.45.; PLANTATIONS IN ULSTER, c. 1600–41, by R. J. Hunter. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimilies 161–180. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1975. £1.00.; RURAL HOUSING IN ULSTER IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, prepared by Alan Gailey, Victor Kelly and James Paul with an introduction by E. Estyn Evans, for the Teachers' Centre of the Queen's University, Belfast in association with the Ulster Folk Museum and the Public Record Office Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. £0.70.; LETTERS OF A GREAT IRISH LANDLORD: A SELECTION FROM THE ESTATE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE THIRD MARQUESS OF DOWNSHIRE, 1809–45, edited with an introduction by W. A. Maguire, for the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. 189 pp. £1–65.; ORDNANCE SURVEY MEMOIR FOR THE PARISH OF DONEGORE, Belfast: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, Queen's University, and the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 1974. v + 64 pp. 1 map and 31 plates. £0.75. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerTHE LANDED GENTRY. Facsimile documents with commentaries. Dublin: The National Library of Ireland, 1977. 20 sheets and introduction. £1.00. Reviewed by: J. A. K. GrahameSANITATION, CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICES IN IRELAND, by Michael Flannery. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1976. 178 pp. £5.75. Reviewed by: Michael J. BannonGEOGRAPHY, CULTURE AND HABITAT, SELECTED ESSAYS (1925–1975) OF E. G. BOWEN, selected and introduced by Harold Carter and Wayne K. D. Davies. Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1976. 275 pp. £6. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsDICTIONARY OF LAND SURVEYORS AND LOCAL CARTOGRAPHERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 1550–1850 edited by Peter Eden. Folkestone: William Dawson & Sons. Part I, 1975; Parts II and III, 1976. 377 pp. £6.00 per part. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerFIELDS, FARMS AND SETTLEMENT IN EUROPE, edited by R. H. Buchanan, R. A. Butlin and D. McCourt. Belfast: Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, 1976. 161 pp. £5. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsREVIEWS OF MAPSNORTHERN IRELAND — A MAP FOR TOURISTS. 1:250,000(1970); CASTLEWELLAN FOREST PARK. 1:10,000(1975); ADMINISTRATIVE MAPS; MAP CATALOGUE (1975 edition). 26 pp. Reviewed by: J. A. K. Grahame

REVIEWS OF BOOKSTHE IRISH LANDSCAPE, by Frank Mitchell. London: Collins, 1976. 240 pp. £5.50. Reviewed by: T. J. HughesTHE LAND AND PEOPLE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY CORK: THE RURAL ECONOMY AND THE LAND QUESTION, by James S. Donnelly, Jr. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975. 440 pp. £9.95. Reviewed by: William J. SmythIRISH SETTLEMENTS IN EASTERN CANADA: A STUDY OF CULTURAL TRANSFER AND ADAPTATION, by John J. Mannion. University of Toronto Press, 1974. 219 pp. $5.00. Reviewed by: T. J. HughesREGIONAL PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 1975–95. Department of Housing, Local Government and Planning, Northern Ireland, Discussion Paper. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1975. 39 pp. £0.30.; REGIONAL POLICY IN IRELAND: A REVIEW. National Economic and Social Council Report No. 4. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1975. 86 pp. £0.25.Reviewed by: A. A. HornerCARTON, CO. KILDARE: A CASE STUDY OF THE MAKING OF AN IRISH DEMESNE, by Arnold Horner. Dublin: Quarterly Bulletin of the Irish Georgian Society, Vol. 18, Nos. 2 and 3, 1975. 57 pp. £ 1 .Reviewed by: R. A. ButlinTHE CLIMATE OF IRELAND, by P. K. Rohan, Dublin: Stationery Office, 1975–112 pp. £1.50.Reviewed by: J. P. HaughtonDINNSEANCHAS. Baile Atha Cliath: An Cumann Logainmneacha. Vol. 3, No. 4, December 1969 - Vol. 6, No. 2, December 1974. Current price, £1.50 per annum.Reviewed by: Breandán S. Mac AodhaLOGAINMNEACHA AS PAROlSTE NA RINNE CO. PHORT LAlRGE. Baile Atha Cliath: An Cumann Logainmneacha, 1975. 43 pp. Reviewed by: Breandán S. Mac AodhaTHE JEWS OF IRELAND, by Louis Hyman. London: Jewish Historical Society of England; Jerusalem: Israel Universities Press, 1972. xix + 403 pp. Reviewed by: Stanley WatermanTHE CAVES OF FERMANAGH AND CAVAN, by G. L. Jones. Enniskillen: Watergate Press, 1974. 117 pp.Reviewed by: D. P. DrewARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION - AN IRISH VIEWPOINT. Dublin: the Architectural Association of Ireland, 1975. 95 pp. £3.75.Reviewed by: J. A. K. GrahameHOW TO USE THE RECORD OFFICE: MAPS AND PLANS. NO. 11, CO. ANTRIM, C.1570–C.1830, 31 pp. NO. 12, CO. ARMAGH, c. 1600–c. 1830, 36 pp. NO. 13, CO. DOWN, c. 1600-c. 1830,39 pp. NO. 14, CO. FERMANAGH, C.1590-C.1830, 16pp. NO. 15, CO. LONDONDERRY, c. 1600–c. 1830, 23 pp. NO. 16, CO. TYRONE, C.1580–C.1830, 34 pp. NO. 17, BELFAST, c.1570– c.1860, 19 pp. NO. 18, GENERAL MAPS OF IRELAND AND ULSTER, C.1538–C.1830, 15 pp. Belfast: Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, n.d. £0.05 each.; NORTHERN IRELAND TOWN PLANS, 1828–1966. A CATALOGUE OF LARGE SCALE TOWN PLANS PREPARED BY THE ORDNANCE SURVEY AND DEPOSITED IN P.R.O.N.I. Belfast, Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, n.d. 20 pp. £0.20. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsANGLO-IRISH STUDIES. Chalfont St Giles: Alpha Academic Books. Volume i, 1975, 118 pp. £4.Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsA GEOGRAPHY OF TOWNS AND CITIES, by A. J. Parker. Dublin: the Educational Company, 1976. 117 pp.Reviewed by: James E. KillenMAP REVIEWOILEÁlN ÁRANN. 1:25,344. Kilronan, Aran Islands: T. D. Robinson, 1975.Reviewed by: J. P. Haughton

ATLAS OF IRELAND. Prepared under the direction of the National Committee for Geography. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1979. vii + 104 pp. £45.00. Reviewed by: J. H. JohnsonNORTHERN IRELAND: A CENSUS ATLAS, by P. A. Compton. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1978. 169 pp. £15.00. Reviewed by: B. W. LanglandsDISPLACEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT: CLASS, KINSHIP AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN IRISH RURAL COMMUNITIES, by Damian F. Hannan. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute Paper No. 96, 1979, 231 pp. £5.00. Reviewed by: Mary E. CawleyIRISH RESOURCES AND LAND USE, edited by D. A. Gillmor. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1979. 295 pp. £11.99. Reviewed by: F. WalshIRELAND'S WETLANDS AND THEIR BIRDS, by Clive Hutchinson. Dublin: Irish Wildbird Conservancy, 1979. 201 pp. £4.95. Reviewed by: Stu DaultreyIRISH FORESTRY POLICY, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 46 (by Frank J. Convery). Dublin: Stationery Office, [1979]. 225 pp. £2.25. Reviewed by: M. B. ThorpURBANISATION AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN IRELAND, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 45 (by P. N. O'Farrell). Dublin: Stationery Office, [1979]. 128 pp. £1.65. Reviewed by: F. W. BoalAN ANALYSIS OF NEW INDUSTRY LOCATION: THE IRISH CASE, by P. N. O'Farrell. Oxford: Pergamon Press, Progress in Planning, 9 (3), 1978. 129–229. £4.00. Reviewed by: J. A. WalshI.D.A. INDUSTRIAL PLAN 1978–82. Dublin: Industrial Development Authority, 1979- 77 PP- £2.97. Reviewed by: M. J. BannonTHE IRISH HOUSING SYSTEM: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW, by T. J. Baker and L. M. O'Brien. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute Broadsheet No. 17, 1979, 272 pp. £4.50. Reviewed by: Andrew MacLaranTHE GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND, by Joseph P. Haughton and Desmond A. Gillmor. Dublin: Department of Foreign Affairs, 1979. 59 pp. £2.50; FACTS ABOUT IRELAND. Dublin: Department of Foreign Affairs, 1979. 258 pp. £3.30. Reviewed by: S. WatermanTHE ISLANDS OF IRELAND, by Kenneth McNally. London: Batsford, 1978. 168 pp. £7.95. Reviewed by: F. H. A. AalenTHE TORY ISLANDERS: A PEOPLE OF THE CELTIC FRINGE, by Robin Fox. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. 210 pp. £3.95. Reviewed by: F. H. A. AalenTHE LANDSCAPE OF SLIEVE BLOOM, A STUDY OF ITS NATURAL AND HUMAN HERITAGE, by John Feehan. Dublin: BlackwatEr Press, 1979. xix+284pp. £10.00. Reviewed by: Colin A. LewisCOBH: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, by William Garner. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1979. 86 pp. £1.50. Reviewed by: Kevin HourihanGEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF IRELAND GUIDE SERIES: I. GEOLOGICAL GUIDE TO THE DINGLE PENINSULA, by Ralph R. Home. First edition 1976, revisions to 1979. £1.00; 2. FIELD GUIDE TO THE CALEDONIAN AND PRECALEDONIANROCKS OF SOUTH-EAST IRELAND, by P. M. Bruck, P. R. R. Gardiner, M. D. Max and C. J. Stillman. 1978. £3.00; 3. A TRAVERSE IN THE NORTH-WEST IRISH CALEDONIDES, by T. B. Anderson, D. H. W. Hutton, W. E. A. Phillips and J. C. Roberts. 1978. £1.50; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF IRELAND INFORMATION CIRCULAR 79/1: WATER WELLS. 1979. Reviewed by: R. J. N. DevoyTHE QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY JUBILEE 1928–1978: GEOGRAPHY AT QUEEN'S, AN HISTORICAL SURVEY, by John A. Campbell. Queen's University Department of Geography, Departmental Research Paper No. 2, 1978. 55 pp. Reviewed by: Gordon L. Herries Davies

NORTHERN IRELAND: ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, edited by J.G. Cruickshank and D.N. Wilcock. Belfast: The Queen's University of Belfast and The New University of Ulster, 1982. 294pp. £7.50stg. Reviewed by M.S. CinnéideINTEGRATION AND DIVISION: GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE NORTHERN IRELAND PROBLEM, edited by Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas. London: Academic Press, 1982. 368pp. £19-80stg. Reviewed by D.G. PringleTOPOTHESIA: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF T.S. O'MAILLE., edited by B.S. MacAodha. Galway: Regional Technical College, 1982. 179pp. IR£15-00. Reviewed by P.J. DuffyMAN AND ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH-WEST IRELAND, 4000 B.C.-A.D. 800, by Ann Lynch. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Scries No. 85. 175pp. £6-50stg. Reviewed by G.F. MitchellCELTIC LEINSTER: TOWARDS AN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF EARLY IRISH CIVILISATION A.D. 500-1600, by Alfred P. Smyth. Irish Academic Press, 1982. 197pp. IR£25. Reviewed by F.H.A. AalenIRELAND AND FRANCE, 17TH-20TH CENTURIES: TOWARDS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL HISTORY, edited by L.M. Cullcn and F. Furct. Paris: Éditions de l'École des Hautcs Études en Sciences Sociales, 1980, 237pp. Reviewed by P. O'FlanaganIRELAND: LAND, POLITICS AND PEOPLE, edited by P.J. Drudy. Irish Studies 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. 551 pp. £25stg. Reviewed by Kevin WheianIRELAND'S SEA FISHERIES: A HIS TORY, bv John de Courcy Ireland. Dublin: Glendale Press, 1981. 184pp. IR£.10-40.Reviewed by Gordon L. Herries DaviesPOPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE PROJECTIONS BY COUNTY AND REGION 1979-1991, by John Blackwell and John McGregor. National Economic and Social Council Report Number 63. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1982. 85pp. IR£2-02. Reviewed by John CowardAGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND 1975 – A GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, by J.A. Walsh and A.A. Horncr. Dublin: Report to the National Board for Science and Technology, 1981. Reviewed by Desmond A. GillmorSTRUCTURAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS, by J.A. Walsh. Dublin: Our Lady of Mercy College, Carysfort Park, Blackrock, Discussion Paper No. 1, 1982. 44pp. IR£1-00; AGRICULTURAL LAND-TENURE AND TRANSFER, by P.W. Kelly. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, Socio-economic Research Series, No. I, 1982. 100pp. IR£3.00. Reviewed by Mary E. CawleySTATE AND COMMUNITY: RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN THE SLIEVE LEAGUE PENINSULA, CO. DONEGAL, by Colm Regan and Proinnsias Brcathnach. Department of Geography, Mavnooth College, Occasional Papers, No. 2, 1981.81pp. IR£2-50. Reviewed by R.H. BuchananMANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, by D.A. Gillmor. Dublin: Bank of Ireland, 1982. 44pp. No price. Reviewed by Barry M. BruntA REVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY, by the Telesis Consultancy Group. NationalEconomic and Social Council Report Number 64. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1982. 440pp. IR£7-00. Reviewed by Proinnsias BreathnachTRANSPORT POLICY IN IRELAND, by Sean D. Barrett. Dublin: Irish Management Institute, 1982. 200pp. IR£8-00. Reviewed by James E. KillenTECHNOLOGY AND THE INFRASTRUCTURE. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1981. 85pp. IR£3-00; INFRASTRUCTURE: FINANCE, EMPLOYMENT, ORGANISATION. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1982. 80pp. IR£3-00.Reviewed by A.A. HomerTHE CLIMATE OF DUBLIN. Dublin: Meteorological Service, 1983. 146pp. IR£,600. Reviewed by Stu DaultreyURBANA — DUBLIN'S LIST I BUILDINGS: A CONSERVATION REPORT. Dublin: An Taisce/Heritage Trust, 1982. 32pp. IR£2-50. Reviewed by A.J. ParkerOFFICE DEVELOPMENT IN DUBLIN 1960-1980, by Patrick Malone. Dublin: Department of Geography, Trinity College, and Lisney & Son, 1981. 79pp. IR£5-00. Reviewed by Michael J. BannonSOCIAL NEED AND COMMUNITY SOCIAL SERVICF.S, by Ann Lavan. Dublin: Tallaght Welfare Society, 1981. 261pp. IRT5-00. Reviewed by W.J. McGaugheyINISHMURRAY: ANCIENT MONASTIC ISLAND, bv Patrick Ucraughty. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1982. 96pp. IR£800. Reviewed by W. NolanANTIQUE MAPS OF THE BRITISH ISLES, by David Smith. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1982. 243pp. £25stg. Reviewed by J.H. AndrewsMAP REVIEWSSTREET MAP OF I.IMF.RICK. 1:9,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey oflreland. 1982. IR£1 -80; STREET MAP OF I.ISBURN. 1:8,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1982. £l-50stg; STREET MAPS OF BALLYNAHINCH, DOWNPATRICK & NEWCASTLE. 1:10,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1982. £1-50stg. Reviewed by E. Buckmaster

ORDNANCE SURVEY OF IRELAND 1:25,000 MAPS [Joint venture publications]: (1) KILLARNEY NATIONAL PARK, Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland and Office of Public Works, 1991. IR£3.50; (2) MACGILLICUDDY'S REEKS, Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland and Dermot Bouchier Hayes Commemoration Trust, 1991. With a 53 page hillwalker's guide by John Murray. IR£5.00.ORDNANCE SURVEY MEMOIRS OF IRELAND, edited by Angelique Day and Patrick McWilliams. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast. Eighteen volumes in course of publication, 1990–1992, covering parishes in Counties Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone; a further twenty volumes in preparation. £7.50stg. per volume. ISBN 85389 xxx x [xxx x = various numbers].AN ILLUSTRATED RECORD OF ORDNANCE SURVEY IN IRELAND. [Dublin:] Ordnance Survey of Ireland, and [Belfast:] Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1991.104pp. IR£6.00(Pb.). ISBN 0–904996–026–6.EIRE THUAIDH IRELAND NORTH: A CULTURAL MAP AND GAZETTEER OF IRISH PLACE‐NAMES. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, Department of the Environment (NI), 1988. [Gazetteer, 25pp; Map scale, 1:250,000]. GASAITEAR NA hEIREANN/GAZETTEER OF IRELAND, prepared by the Placenames Branch of the Ordnance Survey. Baile Atha Cliath: Oifig an tSolathair, 1989. 283pp. IR£5.00. ISBN 0–7076–0076–6. A DICTIONARY OF IRISH PLACE‐NAMES, by Adrian Room. Belfast: Appletree Press, 1986. 136pp. IR£11.95. ISBN 0–86281–132–5.

IRELAND IN THE YEAR 2000. Dublin: An Foras Forbanha, 1980. 82 pp. IR£2.50.THE PEATLANDS OF IRELAND: TO ACCOMPANY NEW PEATLAND MAP OF IRELAND, by R. F. Hammond. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, Soil Survey Bulletin No. 35. 1979. 58 pp. IR£2.50.PROVISIONAL DISTRIBUTION ATLAS OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS IN IRELAND, edited by Eanna Ni Lamhna. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, second edition, 1979. 76 pp. IRfl.OO.IRISH NATURE, by Norman Hickin. Dublin: O'Brien Press, 1980. 240 pp. IR£11.50.HORSE BREEDING IN IRELAND, by Colin Lewis. London: J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd., 1980. 232 pp. £12.50 stg.TRANSPORT POLICY, by C. D. Foster, T.J. Powell and D.J, Parish. National Economic and Social Council Report Number 48. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1979. 161 pp. IR£1.80.LE ROYAUME-UNI ET LA RÉPUBLIQUE D'IRLANDE, by Annie Reffay. Paris: Masson. 1979. 264 pp. No price stated.IRELAND FROM MAPS. Dublin: National Library of Ireland. Facsimile Documents (sixteen maps and a 20 pp. booklet). 1980. IR£2.00.MEDIEVAL IRISH SETTLEMENT: A REVIEW, by B. J . Graham. Norwich: Ceo Books. Historical Geography Research Series No 3, 1980. 53 pp. £1.00 stg.IRISH MIDLAND STUDIES: ESSAYS IN COMMEMORATION OF N.W. ENGLISH, edited by Harman Murtagh. Athlone: The Old Alhlone Society, 1980. 255 pp. IR£9.00.FASSADININ: LAND, SETTLEMENT AND SOCIETY IN SOUTH EAST IRELAND 1600–1850, by William Nolan, Dublin: Geography Publications, 1979. 259 pp. IR£9.00.THE SOUTH WEXFORD LANDSCAPE, by Edward Culleton. Published by the author 1980. 56 pp. IR£1.10.SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN INTRA-ORGANISATIONAL RETAIL PRICES, by A. J. Parker. Dublin: Department of Geography, University College, 1980. 77 pp. IR£2.50.DIGGING UP DUBLIN, edited by Nicholas C. Maxwell. Dublin: O'Brien Press, 1980. 64 pp. IR£2.75.A COMMUNITY UNDER SIEGE 1970–77, by R. Common. Belfast: Renewal Design and Print, no date. 66 pp. £1.25 stg.MONEYMORE AND DRAPERSTOWN: THE ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING OF THE ESTATES OF THE DRAPERS' COMPANY IN ULSTER, by J. T. Curl Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society. 1979. 72 pp. £4.00 stg.A WALK THROUGH TULLAMORE, by M. Byrne. Tullamore: Esker Press, 1980. 65 pp. IR£1.00.KINSALE: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, by W. Garner. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha. 1980. 90 pp. IR£1.90.IRISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha. Vol. 1, No. 1. 1980. 84 pp. IR£2.00.MAP REVIEWSTHE ARAN ISLANDS, a map and guide, 2.2 inches to the mile. Drawn and published by T. D. Robinson, Kilronan, Aran. 1980. On paper, folded and covered, IR£1.20.GREATER BELFAST STREET MAP, 1:10,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland. 1980. On paper, folded and covered, with index. £1.75 stg.1:50,000 MAP OF NORTHERN IRELAND. Sheets 4 (Coleraine), 8 (Ballymoney), 15 (Belfast). Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1980. On paper, folded with plastic container. £1.20 stg each.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, as the Irish language revival movement gathered pace, Conradh na Gaeilge encouraged those who were keen to promote the language to use the Irish version of their names as much as possible, including painting their name and address in Irish on carts, and a number of prosecutions were taken under the Summary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Act 1851. Most famously, Patrick Pearse represented Niall Mac Giolla Bhrighde in 1905 in a case stated to the court of King’s Bench. Pearse went on to represent Domhnall Ua Buachalla in a similar but less well-known case the following year. Drawing on files from the Chief Secretary’s Office in Dublin Castle and digitised contemporaneous newspaper reports, this article provides an overview of the names in Irish on carts cases, which began in 1893, peaked in 1905 and died off after 1906, and finds that, post-partition, there were at least three similar prosecutions in Northern Ireland.

PROMISE AND PERFORMANCE: IRISH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ANALYSED, edited by John Blackwell and Frank J. Convery. Dublin: The Resource and Environmental Policy Centre, University College Dublin, 1983. 434 pp. IR£7-95. Reviewed by: J.G. TyrrellLANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY IN IRELAND, edited by T. Reeves-Smyth and F. Hamond. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 116, 1983. 389 pp. £17-00stg. Reviewed by: G.F. MitchellIRELAND AND SCOTLAND 1600–1850: PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, edited by T.M. Devine and D. Dickson. Edinburgh: John Donald, 1983. 283 pp. £16-00stg. Reviewed by: Stephen A. RoyleGEORGIAN DUBLIN: IRELAND'S IMPERILLED ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, by Kevin C. Reams. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1983. 224 pp. IR£12-95. Reviewed by: Anngret SimmsSOILS OF COUNTY MEATH, by T.F. Finch, M.J. Gardiner, A. Comey and T. Radford. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais Soil Survey Bulletin No. 37, 1983. 162 pp. + 2 maps in colour. IR£10-00. Reviewed by: J.G. CruickshankKILLARNEY NATIONAL PARK: AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE, by Alan Craig. Dublin: National Parks and Monuments Service, Office of Public Works, 1983. 40 pp. IR£0-80. Reviewed by: J.P. HaughtonAGRICULTURE IN IRELAND: A CENSUS ATLAS, by A.A. Horner, J.A. Walsh and J.A. Williams. Dublin: Department of Geography, University College Dublin, 1984. 104 pp. IR£12-00. Reviewed by: Kevin WhelanA STUDY OF PART-TIME FARMERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, by J. Higgins. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, Socio-economic Research Series, No. 3, 1983. 118 pp. IR£2-50. Reviewed by: J.A. WalshDEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE WEST OF IRELAND 1970–1980, by M.S. 0 Cinneide and M.E. Cawley. Dublin: An Chomhairle Oiluna Talmhaiochta, Blackrock, 1983. 110 pp. IR£12-00; AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STUDY OF THE MID-WEST REGION. Mid-West Regional Development Organisation and An Foras Taluntais, 1982. 173 pp. IR£5-00. Reviewed by: Desmond A. GillmorRURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE WEST OF IRELAND: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE GAELTACHT EXPERIENCE, edited by Proinnsias Breathnach. Maynooth: Department of Geography, St Patrick's College, Occasional Paper No. 3, 1983, 87 pp. lR£3-00. Reviewed by: Mary E. CawleyCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE KILLALA AREA, by D. O'Cearbhaill and M.S. O'Cinni'ide. Galway: Social Sciences Research Centre, 1983. 65 pp. No price given. Reviewed by: Kevin HourihanIRELAND IN THE YEAR 2000: TOWARDS A NATIONAL STRATEGY, ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha and National Board for Science and Technology, 1983. 99 pp. IR£5-00. Reviewed by: F.H.A. AalenANTIPODE. Volume 12, Number 1. Special issue on Ireland, edited by Jim McLaughlin, Dennis Pringle, Colm Regan and Francis Walsh. Worcester, Mass., (1980). 117 pp. Reviewed by: A.A. HomerTWENTY YEARS OF PLANNING: A REVIEW OF THE SYSTEM SINCE 1963, by Berna Grist. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1983. 49 pp. IR£3-00. Reviewed by: A.J. ParkerPUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF STRATEGIES IN IRELAND AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, by P.C. Humphreys. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1983. 332 pp. IR£18-00. Reviewed by: M.J. Bannon75:25 IRELAND IN AN UNEQUAL WORLD, by Colm Regan and others. Dublin: Development Education Commission, CONGOOD, 1984. 208 pp. IR£2 00. Reviewed by: H.J. PollardSHEETS OF MANY COLOURS: THE MAPPING OF IRELAND'S ROCKS 1750–1890, by Gordon L. Hcrries Davies. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1983. 242 pp. IR£15-00. Reviewed by: Barbara MillerTHE BOOK OF MAPS OF THE DUBLIN CITY SURVEYORS 1695–1827, an annotated list by Mary Clark. Dublin: Dublin Corporation Archives, City Libraries, 1983. 69 pp. IR£3 00. Reviewed by: Paul FergusonIRISH MAP HISTORY: A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SECONDARY WORKS, 1850- 1983, ON THE HISTORY OF CAROGRAPHY IN IRELAND, by Paul Ferguson. Dublin: Tenth International Conference on the History of Cartography, 1983. 26 pp. IR£2-00. Reviewed by: Avril ThomasMAP REVIEWSFERMANAGH LAKELAND OUTDOOR PURSUITS MAP AND NAVIGATION GUIDE: LOWER LOUGH ERNE. 1:25,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1984. £2-00stg; LONDONDERRY STREET MAP. 1:10,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1983. £l-50stg. Reviewed by: E. Buckmaster

AGRICULTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, by Desmond A. Gillmor (Geography of world agriculture, volume 7). Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1977. 202 pp.PEASANT OPENFIELD FARMING AND ITS TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION IN COUNTY TIPPERARY, by Ingeborg Leister.Marburg: Marburger Geographische Schriften, 1976. 100 pp.SOURCES FOR LOCAL STUDIES, by William Nolan. Department of Geography, Carysfort College, 1977, 61 pp.COUNTY LEITRIM RESOURCE SURVEY. Part III ‐ Demography, Sociology and Economics. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, 1975. 101 pp. £2.00.THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IRISH TOWN, edited by R. A. Butlin. London: Croom Helm, 1977. 144 pp. £6.95.NATIONALISM AND SOCIALISM IN TWENTIETH‐CENTURY IRELAND, by E. Rumpf and A. C. Hepburn. Liverpool: the University Press, 1977. 275 pp. £15–25.THE QUATERNARY HISTORY OF THE IRISH SEA, edited by C. Kidson and M. J. Tooley. Liverpool: Seel House Press, 1977. 345 pp. £16.00.MEDIEVAL MOATED SITES OF S.E. IRELAND, by Terence B. Barry. London: British Archaeological Reports, 35, 1977. 247 pp., £4.70.LIFE AND TRADITION IN RURAL IRELAND, by Timothy P. O'Neill. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1977. 122 pp. £9.95.SERVICE‐TYPE EMPLOYMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, by Michael J. Bannon, James G. Eustace and Mary Power. Dublin: Stationery Office, National Economic and Social Council report no. 28, undated (1977) 142 pp. £0.55.CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, MOTIVATION AND PERCEPTION : A STUDY OF DUBLIN, by A. J. Parker. Dublin: Department of Geography, University College, 1976. 265 pp. £2.50.SOILS OF COUNTY WESTMEATH, by T. F. Finch. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, National Soil Survey of Ireland, Soil Survey Bulletin No. 33, 1977. 100 pp. £5.THE SUGAR INDUSTRY IN IRELAND, by Michael Foy. Dublin: Comhlucht Siúicre Éireann Teo., 1976. 159 pp.THE RELEVANCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL DECADE TO ULSTER, by R. Common. Belfast: Department of Geography, Queen's University, Departmental Research Paper No. 1, 1977. 160 pp.THE CHANGING FORTUNES OF MARGINAL REGIONS, edited by P. G. Sadler and G. A. Mackay. Aberdeen: Institute for the Study of Sparsely Populated Areas, undated. 163 pp. £2.85.DUBLIN'S WOOD QUAY, by Nuala Burke. Drumconrath: Civic Heritage Publications, 1977. 46 pp. £3.30.MAP REVIEWTHE BURREN: A MAP OF THE UPLANDS OF NORTH‐WEST CLARE, EIRE, by T. D. Robinson: Cill Ronain, published by the author, 1977. 92 cm × 65 cm. £1.10.

MAN AND HIS HABITAT. ESSAYS PRESENTED TO EMYR ESTYN EVANS, edited by R. H. Buchanan, Emrys Jones and Desmond McCourt. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971. xi + 279 pp. £5.50.A SYSTEMATIC GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND, by Desmond Gillmor. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan, 1971. 214 pp. £1.05.L'IRLANDE. 1, MILIEU ET HISTOJRE, by J. Guiffan, J. Verrière and P. Rafroidi. Paris: Armand Colin, 1970. 320 pp.AIR TEMPERATURE IN IRELAND, 1931–1960. Dublin: Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1971. 68 pp. 35p.MONTHLY, SEASONAL AND ANNUAL, MEAN AND EXTREME VALUES OF DURATION OF BRIGHT SUNSHINE IN IRELAND, 1931–1960. Dublin: Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1971. 26 pp. 15p.THE APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL TECHNIQUES TO PHYSICAL PLANNING. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1971. 163 pp. £2.00.AN TSUIRBHEIREACHT AR GHAELTACHT NA GAILLIMHE/THE GALWAY GAELTACHT SURVEY. Galway: University College, Social Sciences Research Centre, 1969. Volume 1, 81 pp. Volume 2, 44 figures.TRANSPORTATION IN DUBLIN. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research), No Date. 48 pp. £1.THE CORK SUB‐REGIONAL PLANNING STUDY, by F. B. Gillie. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1971. 125 pp. £1.50.CORK: AN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF CORK, by Peter Dovell. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1971. 42 pp. 50p.THE SPADE IN NORTHERN AND ATLANTIC EUROPE, edited by Alan Gailey and Alexander Fenton. Belfast: Ulster Folk Museum and Institute of Irish Studies, 1970. xiii + 257 pp. £1.65.DESERTED MEDIEVAL VILLAGES, edited by Maurice Beresford and John G. Hurst. London: Lutterworth Press, 1971. 340 pp. £8.00.REGIONAL ARCHAEOLOGIES: ULSTER, by L. N. W. Flanagan. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1970. 56 pp. 90p.IRISH PASSENGER STEAMSHIP SERVICES. Volume 2: SOUTH OF IRELAND, by D. B. McNeill. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1971. 240 pp. £2.50.THREE HUNDRED YEARS OF IRISH PRINTED MAPS. Belfast: Ulster Museum, 1972. 32 pp.JOURNAL OF THE KERRY ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, No. 4, 1971. 194 pp. Not on public sale.JOURNAL OF THE OLD ATHLONE SOCIETY, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1970–71. 76 pp. 75p.GEOLOGY OF BELFAST AND THE LAGAN VALLEY, by P. I. Manning, J. A. Robbie and H. E. Wilson. H.M. Stationery Office, 1970. 242 pp. £2.MAP REVIEWGEOLOGY OF NORTHERN IRELAND, Sheet 36 (Belfast). 1:63,360. 1966GEOLOGY OF BELFAST AND DISTRICT. 1:21,120. 1971. Both published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, for the Institute of Geological Sciences.

THE QUATERNARY HISTORY OE IRELAND, edited by Kevin J. Edwards and William P. Warren, London: Academic Press, 1985. 382pp. £50.00 stg. ISBN 0 12 232730 6. Reviewed by Bill CarterTHE FUTURE OF THE IRISH RURAL LANDSCAPE, edited by F. H. A. Aalen. Dublin: Department of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, 1985. 201pp. IR£6.00. ISBN 0 950785 1 3. Reviewed by P. J. DuffyECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND: A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE, by D. A. Gillmor. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1985. 394pp. IR£30.00. ISBN 7171 1390 6. Reviewed by Barry M. BruntONE ISLAND, TWO NATIONS?: A POLITICAL GEOGRAPHICAL ANAYLSIS OF THE NATIONAL CONFLICT IN IRELAND, by D. G. Pringle. Letchworth: Research Studies Press Ltd., 1985. 293pp. £29.50 stg. ISBN 086380 029 7. Reviewed by Stanley WatermanULSTER: THE COMMON GROUND, by E. Estyn Evans and CHANGING THE PROBLEM: POST-FORUM REFLECTIONS, by Dervla Murphy. Grigginstown, Co. Westmeath: Lilliput Pamphlets, 2 and 3, 1984. 16pp and 36pp. IRE1.00 and IR£1.50. ISBN 0 946640 06 8 and ISBN 0 946640 07 6. Reviewed by D. G. Pringle

IRISH GEOGRAPHY: THE GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF IRELAND GOLDEN JUBILEE 1934-1984, edited by G. L. Herries Davies. Dublin: The Geographical Society of Ireland, 1984. 294pp. IR£12.00. No ISBN. Reviewed by KEVIN WHELANIRELAND: TOWARDS A SENSE OF PLACE, edited by Joseph Lee. Cork: Cork University Press, 1985. 107pp. IR£4.00. ISBN 0 902561 35 9. Reviewed by T. JONES HUGHESTHE PLANTATION OF ULSTER, by Philip Robinson. Dublin: Gill & MacMillan, 1984,254pp. IR£25.00. ISBN 7171 1106 7. Reviewed by P. J. DUFFYRURAL HOUSES OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND, by Alan Gailey, Edinburgh: John Donald, 1984. 289pp. IR£32.00 (£25.00 stg.). ISBN 0 85976 098 7. Reviewed by F. H. A. AALENTHE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT, edited by David Cabot. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1985. 206pp. IR£10.00. ISBN 0 85053 007 6. Reviewed by J. G. TYRRELLTHE FORESTS OF IRELAND: HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION AND SILVICULTURE, edited by Niall O'Carroll for the Society of Irish Foresters. Dublin: Turoe Press, 1984. 128pp. IR£14.95 (hardback). ISBN 0 905223 49 7. Reviewed by M. B. THORPTHE FLORA OF INNER DUBLIN, by Peter Wyse Jackson and Micheline Sheehy Skeffington. Dublin: Roval Dublin Society, 1984. 174pp. IR£5.00. ISBN 086027 016 5. Reviewed by R. W. ALEXANDERTHE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE HYDRO-SCHEMES. PART 2. GUIDE TO DEVELOPMENT. Dublin: Department of Industry and Energy, no date. 52pp. IR£5.00. No ISBN. Reviewed by STU DAULTREYTHE QUIET REVOLUTION: THE ELECTRIFICATION OF RURAL IRELAND 1946–1976, by Michael J. Shiel. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1984. 304 pp. IR£15.00. ISBN 0 86278 056 X. Reviewed by PATRICK J. O'CONNORAN ANALYSIS OF NEW INDUSTRY LINKAGES IN IRELAND, by P. N. O'Farrell and B. O'Loughlin. Dublin: Industrial Development Authority Publication Series Paper No. 6, 1980. 64pp. IR£3.60. ISBN 0 902647 21 0. Reviewed by B. M. BRUNTSPATIAL ASPECTS OF POST-PRIMARY SCHOOL CHOICE IN GALWAY CITY AND ENVIRONS, by Seamus Grimes. Galway: Social Sciences Research Centre, 1984. 96pp. IR£5.00 No ISBN. Reviewed by JAMES A. WALSHNEUERE FORSCHUNGEN ZUR SOZIALGEOGRAPHIE VON IRLAND (NEW RESEARCH ON THE SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND), edited by R. J. Bender. Mannheimer Geographische Arbeiten 17. Mannheim: Geographisches Institut der Universitat. 1984. 295pp. DM29.00. ISBN 3 923750 16 1. Reviewed by A. SIMMSTO GO OR TO NOT TO — THE MIGRATION INTENTIONS OF LEAVING CERTIFICATE STUDENTS by James A. Walsh. Dublin: Department of Geography, Our Lady of Mercy College of Education, Discussion Paper No. 2, 1984, 69pp. IR£2.50. ISBN 0 906602 02 5. Reviewed by KEVIN HOURIHANTOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING, filmstrip and booklet. Dublin: The Royal Town Planning Institute (Irish Branch), 1983. Reviewed by A. J. PARKERPLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS, edited by P. M. Jess, J. V. Greer, R. H. Buchanan and W. J. Armstrong. Belfast: The Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University Belfast, 1984. 249pp. £5.00stg. ISBN 0 85389 2415. Reviewed by M. S. Ó. CINNEIDEEASTERN REGION SETTLEMENT STRATEGY 2011, summary and main report by a study team (Leader: L. O'Reilly). Dublin: Eastern Regional Development Organisation, 1985 2 vols, 21 pp. and 267 pp. IR£7.00. No ISBN. Reviewed by MICHAEL J. BANNON

STONES OF ARAN, by Tim Robinson. Mullingar and Dublin: The Lilliput Press in association with the Wolfhound Press, 1986. 298pp. IR£8.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 946640 12 2. Reviewed by P. O'FlanaganCLIMATE, WEATHER AND IRISH AGRICULTURE, edited by T. Keane. Dublin: Joint Working Group on Applied Agricultural Meteorology (AGMET), c/o Meteorological Service, Dublin 9, 1986, 329 pp. IR£9.95. ISBN 0 9511551 1 3. Reviewed by Mícheál O CinnéideTHE IRISH METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE: THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS, edited by Lisa Shields. Dublin: The Stationery Office, 1987. 107 pp. IR£6.00. ISBN 0 7076 0030 8. Reviewed by Stu DaultreySOILS OF CO. LAOIS, by M. J. Conry. Nations Soil Survey of Ireland, Soil Survey Bulletin No. 41 Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, 1987. 259 pp. (plus 3 maps in a separate wallet). IR£ 10.00. ISBN 0 948321 22 9. Reviewed by Richard ThornMANAGING DUBLIN BAY, edited by Mark Brunton, Frank J. Convery and Anne Johnson. Dublin: Resource and Environmental Policy Centre, University College. Dublin, 1987. 191 pp. IR£7.95. ISBN I 870089 04 9. Reviewed by John SweeneyEXPLORING LIMERICK'S PAST: AN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN COUNTY AND CITY, by Patrick ,L O'Connor. Newcastle West: Oireacht na Mumhan Books, 1987. 185 pp. IR£25.00. ISBN 0 9512184 0 9. Reviewed by J. H. AndrewsNEWCASTLE LYONS — A PARISH OK THE PALE, edited by Peter O'Sullivan. Dublin: Geography Publications, 1986. 141 pp. IR£I2.00 (hardback!; IR£8.00 (softcover). ISBN 0 9066 0203 3. Reviewed by F. H. A. Aalen

IN SEARCH OF IRELAND: A CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY, edited by Brian Graham. London and New York, Routledge, 1997. 240pp. £15.99stg. ISBN 0 415 15008 6. DOING IRISH LOCAL HISTORY: PURSUIT AND PRACTICE, edited by Raymond Gillespie and Myrtle Hill. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1998. 147pp. £8.50stg. ISBN 0 85389 676 3. Reviewed by STANLEY WATERMAN.DOING IRISH LOCAL HISTORY: PURSUIT AND PRACTICE, edited by Raymond Gillespie and Myrtle Hill. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1998. 147pp. £8.50stg. ISBN 0 85389 676 3. Reviewd by J.H. ANDREWS.A FLOW OF FEELING, by Patrick J. O'Connor. Newcastle West: Oireacht na Mumhan Books, 1997. 66pp. IR£6.95pb. ISBN 0 951218492pb. Reviewed by WILLIAM NOLAN.SCIENCE AND SOCIETY IN IRELAND: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN IRELAND 1800–1950, edited by Peter J. Bowler and Nicholas Whyte. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1997. £8.50stg. ISBN 0 85389 669 0. Reviewed by HERRIES DAVIES.FARMING SINCE THE FAMINE: IRISH FARM STATISTICS 1847–1996, compiled by the Central Statistics Office. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1997. 408pp. IR£20.00. ISBN 0 7076 1813 4. Reviewed by MARY CAWLEY.

This study considers the accessibility of three locations that were identified for consideration by the Health Services Executive for locating a new national children's hospital: The Mater, St. James's and Tallaght. Accessibility to each of these sites is considered first within the context of the Dublin region and then with respect to the area outside that region. For the Dublin region, a Dublin Transportation Office data set that gives travel times in the peak and off-peak periods is used along with small area population statistics derived from the 2002 census to identify: 1) the proportion of the total population, 2) the population aged 0 to 15 years and 3) of the female population aged 15 to 35 years that are nearest each of the three hospital sites. A similar analysis is conducted for the rest of the country using, where appropriate, published public transport schedules. The results suggest that in choosing a location for a single facility that is to serve the Dublin region only and where accessibility interpreted as minimisation of travel time is of over-riding importance, a city centre location is best. However, where the facility is to serve the national population and where the bulk of journeys to it will be by car, the results suggest that a strategic location to the west of the city will maximise accessibility.

COASTAL CHANGES. By W. W. Williams. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960. 5 ½ × 8 ½ inches, xviii and 220 pages. Maps, plates, and diagrams. 28s.DUBLIN : FUNKTIONEN UND ENTWICKLUNG, by Reinhard Stewig. Kiel : Schriften des Geographischen Instituts der Universität, Band xviii. Heft 2, 1959. Pp. 254. 9 ½ × 6 ½ in. DM 10, 50.A SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF BELFAST. Emrys Jones. 8 3/4 × 5 ½ in. xiv + 299 pp. Oxford University Press, 1960. 35s.THE LARGE SCALE MAPS OF THE BRITISH ISLES, 1596–1850. E.M. Rodger. 9 3/4 × 6in. xx + 52 pp. Oxford : Bodleian Library, 1960.RAUMFORSCHUNG: 25 JAHRE RAUMFORSCHUNG IN DEUTSCHLAND. Academie für Raumforschung und Landes‐planung. 10 × 7 in. 534 pp. Bremen. 1960. 42 DM.A GEOGRAPHY OF NORDEN. Axel SFmme (ed.). 360 pp. Oslo : J.W. Cappelens Forlag. 1960.WELSH RURAL COMMUNITIES. Elwyn Davies and Alwyn D. Rees (eds.). xi + 254pp. Cardiff : University of Wales Press 1960. 15s.LANDSCAPE DRAWING. Geoffrey E. Hutchings. Methuen, London. 1960. 134pp. 30s.SURVEY OF IRELAND, 1 : 250,000. Sheet 3 : Ireland, West. Dublin: Ordnance Survey Office, 1960. 32 × 24 in. 2s. 6d. flat, 3s. 6d. folded.

The phenomenon of ‘unknown’ infant deaths addressed in this article was first explored in the course of research on fatalities arising from political violence during the Irish revolution of 1916–1921. Our data are derived from the General Register of Death Indices (G.R.D.I.), held in the General Register Office, Dublin, which are organised alphabetically, and which form an official record of deaths registered either by relatives of the deceased or by medical personnel. When infant ‘unknown’ fatalities were extracted to form a discrete database they showed a curious gender disparity. There were 100 male infant fatalities recorded for every seventy-eight females in the thirty-two counties over the five-year period. On extending the study to 1932, the same ratio was prevalent in the overall dataset of 895 ‘unknown infants’ drawn from the G.R.D.I. (a dataset which excludes the six counties of Northern Ireland for the period from1922). Initial research into the gender imbalance opened out wider questions concerning social mores regarding illegitimacy, and the extent of medical and lay knowledge of how newborn infants might be brought to death.

IRISH GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES IN HONOUR OF E. ESTYN EVANS, edited by Nicholas Stephens and Robin E. Gfasscock. Belfast: Department of Geography, Queen's University, 1970. xvi + 403 pp. £4.75.IRELAND, by A. R. Orme. London: Longman, 1970. xviii + 276 pp. Paper covers. £1.50.SAINTS, SEAWAYS AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE CELTIC LANDS, by E. G. Bowen. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1969. 245 pp. £2.50.THE IRISH ECONOMY SINCE 1922, by James Meenan. Liverpool: the University Press, 1970. 422 pp. £6.00RURAL EXODUS: A STUDY OF THE FORCES INFLUENCING THE LARGE‐SCALE MIGRATION OF IRISH YOUTH, by Damian Hannan. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1970. 348 pp. £3.50.RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION: THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON TWO COMMUNITIES IN WESTERN IRELAND, by Denis I. F. Lucey and Donald R. Kaldor. London: Geoffrey Chapman 1969. 208 pp. £1.75.GEOGRAPHICAL FIELDWORK IN AN IRISH BORpER AREA — LONDONDERRY‐MOVILLE, by Alan Robinson. Lincoln: Bishop Grosseteste College of Education, 1969. xv + 133 pp. 47½ p.GUIDE TO THE NATIONAL MONUMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF, IRELAND, by Peter Harbison. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1970. 284 pp. £1.50.IRELAND OBSERVED, by Maurice Craig and the Knight of Glin. Cork: The Mercier Press, 1970. 118 pp. £2.50.ORDNANCE SURVEY MEMOIR FOR THE PARISH OF ANTRIM (1838), with an introduction by Brian Trainor. Belfast: Northern Ireland Public Record Office, 1969. xlii and 109 pp. 20 plates. 25 p.RAILWAY HISTORY IN PICTURES: IRELAND, VOL. 2, by Alan McCutcheon. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1971. 112 pp. £2.75.BULLETIN OF THE GROUP FOR THE STUDY OF IRISH HISTORIC SETTLEMENT. No. 1, 1970. 41 pp. 25p.IRISH BOOKLORE. Belfast: Linenhall Library. Vol. 1, No. 1, 1971. 131pp. 70p.THE PAST, No. 8. Wexford: The Ui Cinsealaigh Historical Society, 1970. 105 pp. (text, 82 pp). 37½p.Map reviewÉIRE. 1 : 575,000. An tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis, Baile Átha Cliath, 1970. Praghas 12½p.

IntroductionPain is prevalent in people living with overweight and obesity. Obesity is associated with increased self-reported pain intensity and pain-related disability, reductions in physical functioning and poorer psychological well-being. People living with obesity tend to respond less well to pain treatments or management compared with people living without obesity. Mechanisms linking obesity and pain are complex and may include contributions from and interactions between physiological, behavioural, psychological, sociocultural, biomechanical and genetic factors. Our aim is to study the multidimensional pain profiles of people living with obesity, over time, in an attempt to better understand the relationship between obesity and pain.Methods and analysisThis longitudinal observational cohort study will recruit (n=216) people living with obesity and who are newly attending three weight management services in Ireland. Participants will complete questionnaires that assess their multidimensional biopsychosocial pain experience at baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-recruitment. Quantitative analyses will characterise the multidimensional pain experiences and trajectories of the cohort as a whole and in defined subgroups.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics and Medical Research Committee of St Vincent’s Healthcare Group, Dublin, Ireland (reference no: RS21-059) and the University College Dublin Human Research Ethics Committee (reference no: LS-E-22-41-Hinwood-Smart). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, public and patient advocacy groups, and social media.Study registrationOpen Science Framework Registration DOI:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QCWUE.

Abstract Background Advances in medicines reconciliation, drug monitoring and patient counselling requirements as well as added non-clinical responsibilities at ward level have led to an increased workload on a ward-based pharmacist. There is a need to optimise the service to meet these demands. The aim of this study was to audit the current clinical pharmacy services and to implement a New Model of Clinical Pharmacy on four wards to aid in the optimisation and prioritisation of patients during the clinical ward service. Methods The study was undertaken in Dublin based, University Teaching Hospital between March and June 2018. The study included the following: (1) a comprehensive literature review, (2) focus groups with key decision makers, (3) the collection and analysis of quantitative data on patients screening and interventions performed pre- and post- model implementation, (4) the final stage involved a satisfaction surveys from pharmacists involved in the study. Local ethical approval was obtained for this study. Results The new clinical pharmacy model increased the amount of medicines reconciliation completed (pre-model implementation 77.7% (n=192) versus post-model implementation 81.6% (n=236)), decreased time to medication reconciliation completion on Mondays and Fridays, increased discharge information cards completed and did not show statistical inferiority in the amount of interventions picked up by pharmacists (p value= 0.86; two tailed t-test). Pharmacists in the study felt the model impacted their clinical ward visit positively and aided prioritisation but did not improve on their overall job satisfaction level. Conclusion The study shows that a new model of clinical pharmacy can impact positively on a pharmacist’s working day by formalising the prioritisation of high-risk patients, setting clear expectations and structure without impacting negatively on other clinical duties. It is believed that the model developed will continue to support the pharmacists’ decision making and workload prioritisation post implementation of electronic prescribing.

Abstract Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with disease incidence worldwide. In Ireland this is mainly produced by residential heating systems, particularly peat, coal and wood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and hospital admissions due to stroke, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and hip fracture in Dublin City and County between 2013 and 2017. Methods This was an ecological time series design utilising routine hospitalisation data collected from the national Health Service Executive (Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE)). Incidence of hospitalisation for each disease was identified by county of residence. Mean daily PM2.5 levels for Dublin were calculated using monitoring data from the Environmental Protection Agency’s four monitoring sites. Disease incidence was organised by mean PM2.5 levels into 10μg/m3 categories and analysed using Poisson regression models correcting for minimum daily temperature at a lag of zero to five days. Results There was a significant increase in the short-term incidence of acute ischaemic stroke, AF, heart failure, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and COPD when PM2.5 levels were above 50μg/m3 compared to when levels were below 10μg/m3 at one day post exposure when correcting for minimum temperature. Conclusion Controls need to be brought in to ensure that PM2.5 does not exceed a 50μg/m3 level due to the increase in disease incidence associated with same. The urban burning of solid fuels should be severely restricted.

In a desperate 2020 Covid-inspired pivot, the early childhood team at Victoria University, Melbourne, introduced remote placements for their early childhood teacher students. This was represented through RPEC @ VU (Remote Placements in Early Childhood at Victoria University), and when an online blog post about RPEC@VU reached Ireland, the VU team were contacted by the early childhood team at Dublin City University, who were similarly introducing remote placement for their students. On opposite sides of the world, each team working in isolation in their own country, these educators connected to share ideas, insights and inspiration. From the redesign of thinking and practice in response to the pandemic, unforeseen opportunities were generated. This paper presents a case study exploring the shared values that brought the early childhood teams from these two institutions together and that continue to sustain the partnership. A vibrant international collaboration continues to be built across the two institutions.

The political career of Sir Francis Annesley, Lord Mountnorris, is well known to historians. A first-generation settler, he held plantation lands in Ulster and Munster; as vice-treasurer of Ireland he became a rival of the Boyle faction in the Dublin administration in the early 1630s; and after a spectacular fall from grace in 1635 he became one of Lord Deputy Wentworth’s bitterest enemies and spoke against him at his trial in 1641. Yet, unlike his rival, the first earl of Cork, there is little information about Mountnorris’s personal attitudes, his religious views or his family life, other than what can be gleaned from official sources, and from the (mainly hostile) comments of contemporaries. The discovery, therefore, of a cache of family papers in the Public Record Office at Kew provides a unique opportunity to flesh out the bones of his political career. It also allows a comparison between the Annesleys and the Boyles, whose extensive archive has moulded our view of the New English in general. Perhaps the most interesting of these documents is Mountnorris’s letter to his daughter, Beatrice Zouche, dated 5 February 1641[/2], in which he outlines how he expects her to order her day with prayer and meditation and domestic concerns appropriate for a godly matron. This letter reveals a great deal about Mountnorris’s own religious beliefs and his attitudes to his children, and provides some important clues about the mindset of the New English in Ireland.

Background: In Ireland, the means tested General Medical Services (GMS) scheme provides access to a range of healthcare services at no or low cost to approximately one third of the population. Individuals eligible for the GMS scheme are often a focus of research, as a population that account for a large proportion of healthcare services use. The aim of this study is to describe the eligibility rates and representativeness of the GMS scheme population over time, with respect to age group, sex, and geographical area in Ireland. Methods: Population data was obtained from the Central Statistics Office (CSO), using 2016 Census figures and projected population figures for 2017-2021. GMS eligibility figures for 2016-2021 were obtained from the HSE Primary Care Reimbursement Service (PCRS). GMS eligibility rates and relative rates of eligibility were calculated for 2016-2021 by age group and sex. Additionally, 2016 eligibility rates were calculated by geographical area. Results: The crude eligibility rate decreased from 36.4% in 2016 to 31.2% in 2020, with a slight increase to 31.6% in 2021. In the 75+ years age group, 78.2% of the total population were eligible for the GMS scheme in 2021. The age group with the lowest rate of eligible individuals was the 25-34 age group, with 19.5% eligible in 2021. The eligibility rate was higher among females compared to males throughout the study period. The highest eligibility rate was seen in Donegal, with a crude rate of 52.8%. Dublin had the lowest rate, with a crude rate of 29.3%. Conclusions: GMS eligibility varies greatly depending on age, sex, and geographical area, and decreased between 2016 and 2021. This study uses the most up-to-date data available to provide age group, sex and area-based figures for GMS eligibility which may inform planning and conduct of research focusing on GMS-eligible individuals.

Background In Ireland, the means tested General Medical Services (GMS) scheme provides access to a range of healthcare services at no or low cost to approximately one third of the population. Individuals eligible for the GMS scheme are often a focus of research, as a population that account for a large proportion of healthcare services use. The aim of this study is to describe the eligibility rates and representativeness of the GMS scheme population over time, with respect to age group, sex, and geographical area in Ireland. Methods Population data was obtained from the Central Statistics Office (CSO), using 2016 Census figures and projected population figures for 2017-2021. GMS eligibility figures for 2016-2021 were obtained from the HSE Primary Care Reimbursement Service (PCRS). GMS eligibility rates and relative rates of eligibility were calculated for 2016-2021 by age group and sex. Additionally, 2016 eligibility rates were calculated by geographical area. Results The crude eligibility rate decreased from 36.4% in 2016 to 31.2% in 2020, with a slight increase to 31.6% in 2021. In the 75+ years age group, 78.2% of the total population were eligible for the GMS scheme in 2021. The age group with the lowest rate of eligible individuals was the 25–34 age group, with 19.5% eligible in 2021. The eligibility rate was higher among females compared to males throughout the study period. The highest eligibility rate was seen in Donegal, with a crude rate of 52.8%. Dublin had the lowest rate, with a crude rate of 29.3%. Conclusions GMS eligibility varies greatly depending on age, sex, and geographical area, and decreased between 2016 and 2021. This study uses the most up-to-date data available to provide age group, sex and area-based figures for GMS eligibility which may inform planning and conduct of research focusing on GMS-eligible individuals.

The recently released Special Operations Executive (SOE) personal file of Major Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard (HS 9/1200/5) sheds new light on the man who helped fly General Franco from the Canary Islands to Morocco, leading ultimately to the overthrow of the democratically elected republican government and thirty-six years of brutal dictatorship. Contrary to the previous portrayal of Pollard, a genial, rough-and-ready gung-ho ‘adventurer’ who flew the future Caudillo to Morocco on a whim, the files reveal Pollard to have been an experienced British intelligence officer, talented linguist, and firearms expert with considerable firsthand experience of wars and revolutions in Mexico, Morocco, and Ireland, where he had served as a police adviser in Dublin Castle during the ‘stormy days’ of the Black and Tans in the early 1920s. Pollard, who listed his hobbies in Who's Who as ‘hunting and shooting’, was the sporting editor of Country Life and a member of Lord Leconfield's hunt. He was also a renowned and passionate firearms expert having written numerous books on the subject including the section on ‘small arms’ for the official war office textbook. His friend Douglas Jerrold, who himself later served in British intelligence, recalled that Pollard ‘looked and behaved, like a German Crown Prince and had a habit of letting off revolvers in any office he happened to visit’. Once Jerrold plucked up the courage to ask Pollard if he had ever killed anybody.

IntroductionTinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic stimulus. Bimodal neuromodulation is emerging as a promising treatment for this condition. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the relevance of interstimulus timing and the choices of acoustic and tongue stimuli for a proprietary bimodal (auditory and somatosensory) neuromodulation device, as well as to explore whether specific subtypes of patients are differentially responsive to this novel intervention for reducing the symptoms of chronic tinnitus.Methods and analysisThis is a two-site, randomised, triple-blind, exploratory study of a proprietary neuromodulation device with a pre–post and 12-month follow-up design. Three different bimodal stimulation parameter sets will be examined. The study will enrol 342 patients, split 80:20 between two sites (Dublin, Ireland and Regensburg, Germany), to complete 12 weeks of treatment with the device. Patients will be allocated to one of three arms using a stepwise stratification according to four binary categories: tinnitus tonality, sound level tolerance (using loudness discomfort level of <60 dB SL as an indicator for hyperacusis), hearing thresholds and presence of a noise-induced audiometric profile. The main indicators of relative clinical efficacy for the three different parameter sets are two patient-reported outcomes measures, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and the Tinnitus Functional Index, after 12 weeks of intervention. Clinical efficacy will be further explored in a series of patient subtypes, split by the stratification variables and by presence of a somatic tinnitus. Evidence for sustained effects on the psychological and functional impact of tinnitus will be followed up for 12 months. Safety data will be collected and reported. A number of feasibility measures to inform future trial design include: reasons for exclusion, completeness of data collection, attrition rates, patient’s adherence to the device usage as per manufacturer’s instructions and evaluation of alternative methods for estimating tinnitus impact and tinnitus loudness.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol is approved by the Tallaght Hospital/St. James’s Hospital Joint Research Ethics Committee in Dublin, Ireland, and by the Ethics Committee of the University Clinic Regensburg, Germany. Findings will be disseminated to relevant research, clinical, health service and patient communities through publications in peer-reviewed and popular science journals and presentations at scientific and clinical conferences.Trial registration numberThe trial is registered onClinicalTrials.gov(NCT02669069) Pre-results.

IntroductionDysphagia is a common problem following oesophagectomy, and is associated with aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, weight loss, prolonged enteral feeding tube dependence, in addition to an extended in-hospital stay and compromised quality of life (QOL). To date, the prevalence, nature and trajectory of post-oesophagectomy dysphagia has not been systematically studied in a prospective longitudinal design. The study aims (1) to evaluate the prevalence, nature and trajectory of dysphagia for participants undergoing an oesophagectomy as part of curative treatment, (2) to determine the risk factors for, and post-operative complications of dysphagia in this population and (3) to examine the impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on health-related QOL across time points.Methods and analysisA videofluoroscopy will be completed and analysed on both post-operative day (POD) 4 or 5 and at 6-months post-surgery. Other swallow evaluations will be completed preoperatively, POD 4 or 5, 1-month and 6-month time points will include a swallowing screening test, tongue pressure measurement, cough reflex testing and an oral hygiene evaluation. Nutritional measurements will include the Functional Oral Intake Scale to measure feeding tube reliance, Malnutrition Screening Tool and the Strength, Assistance With Walking, Rise From a Chair, Climb Stairs and Falls questionnaire. The Reflux Symptom Index will be administered to investigate aerodigestive symptoms commonly experienced by adults post-oesophagectomy. Swallowing-related QOL outcome measures will be determined using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-18, MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Tallaght University Hospital/St. James’ Hospital Research Ethics Committee (JREC), Dublin, Ireland (Ref. No. 2021-Jul-310). The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific conferences.

Abstract Objective Remote monitoring (RM) of patients with cardiac rhythm management devices enables healthcare teams to effectively and efficiently monitor patients with heart problems without the requirement in-person patient visits. RM has been associated with safer and higher quality care but was not being used to its full potential in this setting. Cardiac rhythm management had observed an average implant rate of 295 devices per year over the past 13 years, resulting in a five-fold growth in patient follow-up in clinics. This increased demand was becoming unmanageable, with impacts on care quality. This study aimed to enhance the enrolment of eligible patients to RM. Design A pre-post design. Setting A 600-bed city centre teaching hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Participants Hospital staff and patients eligible for RM. Interventions Lean Six Sigma methods were used to develop patient education materials on RM and the clinic area was redesigned to enable RM enrolment and monitoring. Main outcomes measures Number of unscheduled attendances to clinic and RM enrolment. Results At baseline, the clinic was processing 102 RM follow-up checks with 140 unscheduled attendances on average per month. Following implementation, RM enrolment increased to 335 RM follow-up checks (194% increase), with 41 unscheduled attendances on average per month (70% decrease). These results were sustained one-year post-implementation. Conclusions These process changes have streamlined workflow by reducing the number of unscheduled attendances to clinic and increased the use of RM among the eligible patient population. This has meant safer, more timely responses to cardiac events and enhanced care quality.

Background: Ongoing mental health problems following COVID-19 infection warrant greater examination. This study aimed to investigate psychiatric symptoms and problematic alcohol use among Long COVID patients. Methods: The study was conducted at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital’s post-COVID-19 follow-up clinic in Dublin, Ireland. A prospective cohort study design was used encompassing assessment of patients’ outcomes at 2-4 months following an initial clinic visit (Time 1), and 7–14-month follow-up (Time 2). Outcomes regarding participants’ demographics, acute COVID-19 healthcare use, mental health, and alcohol use were examined. Results: The baseline sample’s (n = 153) median age = 43.5yrs (females = 105 (68.6%)). Sixty-seven of 153 patients (43.8%) were admitted to hospital with COVID-19, 9/67 (13.4%) were admitted to ICU, and 17/67 (25.4%) were readmitted to hospital following an initial COVID-19 stay. Sixteen of 67 (23.9%) visited a GP within seven days of hospital discharge, and 26/67 (38.8%) did so within 30 days. Seventeen of 153 participants (11.1%) had a pre-existing affective disorder. The prevalence of clinical range depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores at Time 1 and Time 2 (n = 93) ranged from 12.9% (Time 1 anxiety) to 22.6% (Time 1 PTSD). No statistically significant differences were observed between Time 1 and Time 2 depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores. Problematic alcohol use was common at Time 1 (45.5%) and significantly more so at Time 2 (71.8%). Clinical range depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores were significantly more frequent among acute COVID-19 hospital admission and GP attendance (30 days) participants, as well as among participants with lengthy ICU stays, and those with a previous affective disorder diagnosis. Conclusions: Ongoing psychiatric symptoms and problematic alcohol use in Long COVID populations are a concern and these issues may be more common among individuals with severe acute COVID-19 infection and /or pre-existing mental illness.

While opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is the most effective treatment for opioid dependence, it is heavily dependent on regular face-to-face healthcare delivery placing both clients and treatment providers at risk of COVID-19. Following the emergence of COVID-19, policies were rapidly changed in Ireland, with the introduction of national contingency guidelines by the HSE National Social Inclusion Office, beginning in March 2020 to ensure rapid and uninterrupted access to OAT while balancing efforts to mitigate COVID-19 risk. This study aims to assess the impact of the national contingency guidelines, on the quality of OAT care delivered in Ireland. An interrupted time series analysis will be conducted using anonymised aggregated level data obtained from the Central Treatment List (CTL), the national register of people receiving OAT, administered by the National Drug Treatment Centre Board on behalf of the HSE. Separate segmented regressions will be conducted to estimate the impact of the national contingency guidelines on the following outcomes: (1) number of patients in treatment; (2) number of patients starting OAT; (3) average waiting time for treatment; (4) number of people on waiting list; (5) number of patients dropping out of treatment. The study period will be divided into pre-(March 2019 to February 2020) and post- intervention (April 2020 to March 2021) segments. Immediate (change in level) and longer-term impacts (change in slope) of changes to provision of OAT in each of the outcomes will be investigated. Regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be reported.

Abstract Background The patient profile in a Dublin rehabilitation hospital has changed in recent years to include older adult rehabilitation alongside orthopaedic rehabilitation. A snapshot audit completed by the occupational therapy department on one day in 2018 demonstrated that 64% of patients had an assessment score indicative of a cognitive impairment. A subjective gap in knowledge regarding dementia care and a misunderstanding of the ability of people with dementia to engage in rehabilitation was identified. It was imperative that dementia awareness training was provided with a particular focus on modifying rehabilitation techniques to cater for these patients. Methods A dementia care committee was established with an Educational Development subgroup responsible for addressing dementia and delirium awareness training. Educational material was received from the field of occupational therapy, nursing, medicine, pharmacy and dietetics. The programme was accredited by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland. A focus group was completed pre/post formulation of the presentation with various departmental representatives. Feedback provided was used to inform and finalise the training content. Results Sessions are completed once monthly. One hundred and seven participants to date have attended. Ten-point Likert scales are completed pre and post training. Data from the Likert scales were analysed revealing on average a 24.4 % increase in knowledge of dementia, a 27.6% increase in awareness of the impact of dementia on function and a 23.3% increase in confidence in caring for a patient with dementia. Highest contingent of staff members trained were household and catering staff (19%) nursing staff (18%), and health care attendants (13%). Conclusion This essential training is ongoing with thirty per cent of staff trained to date. The objective is for all staff to complete this training for enhanced care and rehabilitation for all patients with dementia. It will also aim to review treatment for all patients with cognitive impairment so unique rehabilitation programmes can be tailored.

IntroductionExercise and physical activity (PA) are established and effective treatment options for various side effects of cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The advent of eHealth brings new opportunities to influence healthy behaviours, using interactive and novel approaches. Influencing PA behaviours in people with cancer presents a potential application of this. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intervention, using eHealth, for increasing PA in cancer survivors.Methods and analysisThis will be a single-arm pre–post feasibility study. We aim to recruit a heterogeneous sample of 60 participants from cancer clinics in St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Eligibility criteria will include patients who have completed chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with curative intent between 3 and 36 months prior to enrolment. The intervention will include the delivery of a 12-week PA programme. The eHealth aspect of the intervention will involve the provision of a Fitbit activity tracker, which will be used in conjunction with specific PA goals remotely prescribed and monitored by a physiotherapist. Primary outcomes will be feasibility measures related to the study (recruitment capability, data collection procedures, adherence and compliance, evaluation of the resources to implement the study and evaluation of participant responses to the intervention). Secondary measures will evaluate preliminary efficacy of the intervention in terms of clinical outcomes (body composition, PA (objective and self-report), quality of life and aerobic capacity). Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline (as appropriate), at conclusion of the intervention and at a 6-month follow-up.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the St. James’s Hospital/AMNCH Joint Ethics Committee (2016/05/02). Results from this study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, as well as for presentation and dissemination at conferences in the field of oncology and survivorship.Trial registrationNCT03036436; Pre-results.

Antigone’s afterlives in Ireland have always enacted critical gestures of social protest and mourning that expose the fundamental fragility of human rights caught up in the symbolic conflict between oppressors and oppressed. This paper seeks to explore the scope of rereading certain Irish figurations of Antigone – the exemplary text of European humanism – through a posthumanist lens that unveils new and radical understandings of modern injustices, legal fissures, and capitalist insinuations of an “inhuman politics” against proletarian minorities in twentieth-century Irish society in transnational contexts. The possibilities of a posthumanist theorization of Antigone at the intersection with gender, class, and human rights, reflect the connecting threads, political, aesthetic, and critical, between two texts: an early twentieth-century anonymous poem titled “The Prison Graves” dedicated to Irish human rights activist and revolutionary Roger Casement and an unpublished play-version of Antigone by Aidan C. Mathews in 1984, dedicated to René Girard. Written and produced as a critique of systematic institutional violence and neoliberal capitalist oppression during the epoch of the anti-revolutionary zeitgeist, the myth of Antigone shifts its dialectic from the nationalist nostalgia of “The Prison Graves” to the play-version of the Cold War era to reciprocate a counter-protest against the passing of the Irish Justice Bill. Antigone is reimagined as a hypochondriac resident of the slums of the proletariat and a member of a degenerate acting troupe. Her classical (mythical), aristocratic (white, European, Western) figure has become a posthuman commodity: a proletarian actor now, she performs the same role for millennia in a post-nuclear contaminated prison state in Thebes/Dublin. Peteokles is a bourgeois-turned-rebel mediary; Polyneikes is remembered as a communist terrorist who has been airbrushed from the records of the police state; a bibliophile Ismene religiously reads Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s The Gulag Archipelago, and the Chorus is the real state oppressor.

Introduction Social exclusion in Ireland is strongly associated with injecting drug use, particularly injection of opiates into the groin: a strong risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) (O'Reilly et al, 2015). Ní Cheallaigh et al (2017) reported a high burden of disease in socially excluded individuals in Ireland that can be effectively addressed by dedicated service planning and care provision. VTE in socially excluded persons has been identified by our group as a key knowledge gap. We have generated preliminary data demonstrating that socially excluded people account for a significant proportion of patients presenting with VTE in Dublin. Methods We extracted national Hospital InPatient Enquiry (HIPE) data from Health Atlas Ireland using the methods outlined in Kevane et al (2019). We identified individuals as "socially excluded persons" if their records contained one or more of the variables identified by Aldridge et al (2018): homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers and individuals with substance use disorders. We identified all emergency inpatient hospital admissions for those with any diagnosis of VTE during 2017 using VTE-associated ICD-10 codes. Results There were 494,972 emergency inpatient admissions in patients >16 years during this 12 month period, of which 5,717 (1.2%) had a VTE diagnosis (55% of which were DVTs). 306 (5.3%) of hospital episodes with VTE occurred in socially excluded individuals. Applying maximum and minimum assumptions on the estimated population denominator we estimated that overall the annual incidence rate of VTE-related hospitalisation per person was approximately 10-fold higher in socially excluded individuals when compared to the general population (in which it was 0.12%). Conclusions This is the first time that an approximately ten-fold increase in the risk of hospitalisation due to VTE has been shown to be associated with social exclusion. This information was generated from national data, using surrogate identifiers for socially excluded persons. We hypothesise that detailed characterisation of VTE events in socially excluded clients will permit improved service planning and care provision for these vulnerable patients, enabling better VTE prevention and management. This may save lives and prevent the disabling and common long-term consequence of post-thrombotic syndrome with debilitating leg ulcers, which in this population results in numerous admissions and severe mobility issues. Planning such initiatives has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality, improve quality of life but also to reduce hospital admissions (which are hugely over-represented in this patient group), save costs and resources and most importantly results in more equitable health care for socially excluded patients. Disclosures Ewins: Amgen: Other: Conference Fees & Travel Expenses; Bayer: Other: Conference Fees & Travel Expenses. Ni Ainle:BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Boehringer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Leo Pharma: Research Funding; Actelion: Research Funding. Cliona:Pfizer: Research Funding; MSD: Other: Travel Expenses.

Purpose The use of exercise as an intervention to improve health in the general population is well documented. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether an exercise referral scheme can be an effective health promotion tool for male prisoners in Ireland, presenting with mental health symptoms. Design/methodology/approach This mixed methods study with a pre- and post-intervention design was conducted in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, which has a capacity for approximately 790 prisoners. Reliable and validated symptom assessment scales were used to assess levels of depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem and anger amongst a sample of 40 prisoners pre- and post-intervention. The scales used were the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale or DASS-42 (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995), the Novaco Anger Scale (Novaco, 1994), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and the Zung Self-Rated Anxiety Scale (Zung, 1971). Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a subset of the participants post-intervention to further test and contextualise the symptom ratings. The data gathered from the self-rating scales were imported into SPSS 22 for statistical testing for significance. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was then used to measure significance of changes. Thematic analysis was performed on the qualitative data. Findings In the post-intervention, significant levels of improvement were achieved in the levels of depression, anxiety (DASS), anxiety (Zung), stress, anger, and self-esteem for 29 of the 30 prisoners who completed the study. The incidence of normal mood scores rose from 33 to 90 per cent after the intervention; the incidence of extremely severe scores for anxiety changed from 40 to 7 per cent, severe stress scores changed from 27 to 3 per cent, normal stress levels rose from 17 to 73 per cent, marked anger ratings reduced from 40 to 3 per cent and low self-esteem levels reduced from 20 per cent of participants pre-intervention to 7 per cent post-intervention. In the main, participants perceived the experiences and outcomes of the intervention positively. Research limitations/implications There are some limitations to the design of this study. Operational circumstances within the prison at the start of this study prevented the authors from accessing a larger sample. A control group would add greatly to the study but this was not possible within a single prison setting. The possible influence of extraneous variables such as increased attention and social contact, and more time out of one’s cell may have contributed to improved symptom scores as much as the exercise intervention in this study. This possibility was recognised from the outset but the authors proceeded because the aim was to test if an exercise referral package (and all that inevitably goes with that) would make a difference for symptomatic prisoners. Practical implications The organisation and smooth running of the intervention and the positive results therein underpinned the practicality of this project. The significantly positive results contribute new knowledge to the profile of Irish male prisoners’ mental health. Social implications This study could be the foundation for a larger study or set of studies which should include a control group and one or more female prisoner cohorts. The impact of positive changes in prisoners’ mental health on the prison staff and environment could also be researched. This type of study could lead to important social implications in relation to its impact on prisoner rehabilitation. Originality/value This study was the first of its kind to explore the effectiveness of exercise referral as a health promotion intervention for Irish male prisoners presenting with mental health symptoms.

COVID has had an immense impact on HRM. The aim of this paper is to examine international responses and detect best practices. We analyse a variety of methods, techniques, trends and ideas from all over the world. Insights from Hungary, Austria, Germany, Spain, Italy, Portugal, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the US and Canada are considered. Work has been transported to virtual space. Home office has grown into being the engine of public service development. It is likely that the future will be characterised by hybrid models. Online operation is intertwined with numerous issues, such as: simplification and increased efficiency of procedures, legal regulation of the transformation and data protection. Numerous questions require our answer as regards the use of virtual space: How will teamwork function? What adjustments are required in learning and development schemes? What is the new role of leaders? How can we assure mental health? How do we promote resilience? Another trend concerns digitalisation of recruitment and selection. Digitalisation is spilling over to the neighbouring areas, such as job branding, mobility management and onboarding. How will the post-COVID era look like? The scale of HRM changes ranges from mere adjustment to paradigm shift. Areas of utmost importance include: consequences of accelerated digital transformation, growing importance of IT skills, new methodology for learning and development, demand for resiliency, sustainable development, efficiency, social dialogue as well as restoration of trust between employer and employee. Public service has to adapt to the modified socio-economic environment. Its structure and functioning require reform. This process incorporates the hope that digitalisation can bring qualitative changes in the functioning of public service. COVID has also brought about a chance to take advantage of the possibilities digital technology can offer. It has enabled us to reinvent the functioning of the state on a higher level.

Background:Large numbers of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receive regular opioids despite significant toxicity and a lack of evidence supporting their use in non-cancer pain. In order to address this situation, we need to understand when opioids are started in early RA where this has not been studied.Objectives:To examine the temporal trend of opioid prescriptions before and after RA symptom onset and to compare this with DMARD and NSAID prescriptions.Methods:RA participants (cases) were recruited as part of the Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) inception cohort1. Controls without RA (five per case), matched for sex, age and post code over the same time period, were obtained through routine data linkage. Prescription data between Jan 2009 to Nov 2019 of cases and matched controls were compared using date of RA symptom onset as reference point. The Prescriptions Per Participant (PPP) for each three-month block was estimated by dividing the number of prescribed drugs in the selected drug classes (assigned using the British National Formulary) in that time block by the number of participants in each group. The differences between mean PPP of the RA cases and controls in each time block were tested by t-test for independent groups and subsequent adjustment for multiple testing.Results:1,720,335 prescriptions were available for analysis with 421,961 items for 950 RA cases and 1,299,374 items for 4,558 matched controls. As expected, DMARD prescriptions in the SERA cases increased after the symptom onset period and were then sustained (Figure 1: top left panel). NSAID prescriptions in RA cases peaked during the 3 months after symptom onset and then reduced progressively (top right panel). Opioid analgesic prescriptions for the RA cases increased two-fold during the reference period and then reduced 6-9 months post-symptom onset. However, unlike NSAIDs, after this there was no further significant reduction in opioid prescriptions in the RA cases, which remained stable and significantly higher than in the controls for the remaining study period. The non-opioid analgesic mean PPP increased sharply at the time of symptom onset, with a steady gradual upward trend over time (lower right panel).Conclusion:Opioid prescriptions increase significantly at the time of RA symptoms onset. Despite rapid introduction of DMARDs and resultant reductions in NSAIDs, analgesic use remains significantly higher than in controls. Further research is required to identify the factors associated with persistent opioid use in early RA with interventions aimed at the first 6 months.References:[1]Dale et al. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:461.Acknowledgements:The work was supported by Health Data Research UK which receives its funding from HDR UK Ltd funded by the UKRI MRC, EPSRC, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientists Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust.The SERA study was jointly funded by the Chief Scientists Office Scotland and Pfizer Ltd.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Executive SummaryGovernment post-Brexit will face sustained and difficult challenges as the UK adjusts to its new situation. Yet these challenges risk being exacerbated by fundamental changes in UK political debate that are affecting the perceived legitimacy and effectiveness of the system and structures of government. These include erosion of the clear distinction entrenched for the last 150 years between political choices by elected representatives and impartial administration by the civil service; the disruption of traditional deliberative processes by digital and social media; and increased centralisation of decision-making in No. 10 Downing Street combined with inadequate scrutiny of that decision-making either by the Cabinet or by Parliament.The centralisation of executive power reduces its perceived legitimacy across the UK, with devolved government in Scotland and Wales seen as contingent on the Westminster Parliament and Northern Ireland under control by central government. Fiscally, the UK has become the most centralised democratic country in the world. As government faces up to the challenge of unwinding membership of the legal and regulatory framework developed during 45 years of EU membership, it is vital that the UK's political structures restore their legitimacy and efficiency.Necessary reforms start with greater transparency about how government really works today. A PM's Department should be created, separate from the Cabinet Office; senior appointments including the Chief of Staff and ‘Advisors’, as well as instructions from No. 10 to departments, should be subject to effective Parliamentary scrutiny. Legally entrenched structures are required to confirm that devolved powers cannot simply be overridden by the Westminster Parliament. Greater fiscal autonomy should be guaranteed to local government.Finally, politicians should choose either to recommit explicitly to the original system whereby the civil service remains separate from politics and take steps to make it effective; or acknowledge the drift towards greater political control of the civil service and introduce safeguards to minimise political abuse, for example by taking steps to increase scrutiny of appointments and expenditure.

BackgroundAcceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a type of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) that has demonstrated positive outcomes in individuals with chronic pain. There has been limited research to date investigating the efficacy of ACT when combined with physical exercise.ObjectivesThe purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to compare the effect of an 8-week combined Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and supervised exercise program (ExACT) with a supervised exercise program for people with chronic pain at one-year follow-up. The results for 12-week follow up for this RCT have previously been published[1].Methods175 people with chronic pain were randomly assigned to the ExACT or supervised exercise only group. The ExACT group completed an 8-week ACT programme with a clinical psychologist in addition to supervised exercise classes with a physiotherapist. The control group attended an 8-week supervised exercise class only. Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with any type of chronic pain (other than cancer pain) diagnosed by a medical doctor, and who reported a score of ≥2 on the Brief Pain Inventory Interference Scale (BPI-IS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Outcome measures including the primary outcome BPI-IS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD 7), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) were administered at baseline, post intervention, at 12-month follow-up and 1 year following completion of the intervention. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between groups for the primary outcome BPI-IS at 1-year follow up. There were clinically and statistically significant improvements between groups for the PCS total scale and 3 PCS subscales (P<0.005) in favour of the ExACT group. Significant differences were observed within both groups at 1-year follow-up for the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and CAPQ, and in the ExACT group only for the PSEQ.ConclusionLong-term improvements in pain catastrophizing, and within-group improvements in pain interference and severity, suggest that exercise combined with ACT may be an effective intervention for the long-term management of chronic pain. Future studies could investigate factors that predict a response to these types of interventions with a view to enhancing treatment outcomes for people with chronic pain.Reference[1]Casey MB, Smart KM, Segurado R, Hearty C, Gopal H, Lowry D, Flanagan D, McCracken L, Doody C. Exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy compared with a standalone supervised exercise programme for adults with chronic pain: a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2022 Jun 1;163(6):1158-71.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsMáire Casey: None declared, Shodai Takemasa Employee of: ASAHI KASEI PHARMA CORPORATION, Brona Fullen Speakers bureau: I received honorarium in 2019 to speak at a conference from Pfizer, Consultant of: I have received honorarium for consultative work from Grunenthal 2019-22, Grant/research support from: I received grant from Asahi Kasei to support visiting research students 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, Therese O’Reilly: None declared, Maeve Leamy: None declared, Eoin Mc Kearney: None declared, Mark Buckley: None declared, Keith Smart Speakers bureau: Keith Smart received speaker’s fees from Pfizer Ireland in 2011 and 2012 for a series of talks to people living with chronic pain., Conor Hearty: None declared, Catherine Doody Grant/research support from: Non-restrictive funding from Asahi Kasei Pharma to the Centre for Translational Pain Research in University College Dublin, Ireland.

In recent years we indeed have witnessed an increasing demand on healthcare services coupled with spiraling healthcare costs forcing us towards identifying factors and interventions leading to greater healthcare efficiency. The case mix of our ED patients is changing with an increase in the number of the elderly needing acute (hospital) care, often suffering from multiple comorbidities leading to simple problems becoming easily complex and demanding admission. Partly due to this changing case mix, acute bed capacity is under serious pressure leading to ED stagnation and increased waiting times internationally. When the ED is at its capacity, acute physicians have to make choices how to divide the few available beds. Are we able to predict who needs a bed the most and make justified decisions? Which patient can wait at the ED before admission and which ones can’t? The study of Byrne et al. in this issue focused on the association between ED waiting times and clinical outcomes in Ireland, measured by 30 days mortality, using patient data of admitted acute medical patients collected from 2002 until 2017. High Risk Score patients with a longer waiting time at the ED, appear to have an increased risk on mortality. It is therefore necessary to identify these patients early and prioritize their hospital admission. However, to our knowledge, the used risk score isn’t implemented in daily practice. In 2012 the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) has been broadly implemented and it would be of interest to know whether the used retrospective Risk Score using laboratory data accord to the NEWS. Curiously, in this study, patients in all three MTS urgent categories with <4 hours waiting time, have a higher risk on mortality than patients experiencing a longer waiting time. What’s the cause of this effect? Are patients so severely ill that urgent treatment and admission can’t change the adverse outcome? Or is it possible that all three urgent MTS categories identify patients who are sicker with a higher chance of dying? Intriguingly, in Ireland the mortality amongst admitted acute medical patients decreased since 2002 by 1.3%. An important question remained unanswered by Byrne et al: why has this mortality decreased? Has the severity of the diseases by urgently admitted patients diminished? Has the treatment for acute medical patients been improved? Don’t severely ill patients come to the ED anymore, due to proper advanced care planning? In contrast to the decreased mortality, the median waiting times >6 hours have increased by 50%, from 10 to 15 hours. What caused this increase? What happened in the acute care in Ireland? Have other European countries experienced the same effect or can’t the Irish results not being extrapolated to other European acute care systems? For example, in the Netherlands, the total number of patients being seen at the ED has decreased and stabilised in the last years, although the number of acute medical patients, especially elderly, is increasing. During the last flu season patients we were faced with ED closures, long length of stay and overnight ED stays due to the lack of beds in-hospital. However, waiting hours >12 hours at the ED are rare in Dutch EDs. A key factor in constraining the patient flow to the ED is the well-functioning primary care system with adequate out of office hours care by GP-posts. When a GP post is placed at an ED, GPs treat 75% of the self-referred patient, which is safe and cost-effective. Due to this the ED`s can concentrate on the sick patients who need urgent care. Despite the decreased patient flow to the ED in the Netherlands, the organisation of the acute care has gained much attention of policy makers, media and health care professionals due to frequent ED closures and stagnation in some regions in the Netherlands. Recently, a prediction model for hospital admission in a mixed ED population has been established by using data directly available after triage, aiming to use for shortening the Length of Stay (LOS) at the ED. A computerised tool calculates admission probability for any patient at the time of triage by using age, triage category, arrival mode and main symptom. It demonstrates that different European countries are facing the same issues and are trying to optimize the acute care with some overlapping focus. We believe that at a time where the demand on acute care is increasing, it’s essential to pay attention to the organisation of acute care so that high-quality care is guaranteed and the available resources should be handled efficiently. Studies such as executed by Byrne et al. contribute to this topic and provide lessons which can be learned internationally. We need tools to identify sick patients who need properly care on time and acute physicians can play a central role in developing these tools.

Hong Kong has seen an upheaval in recent years. From the protests over the extradition law to the protests over the National Security Law, these protests are a response to the ever-encroaching hand of Beijing on political rights in Hong Kong. After the National Security Law was implemented, Hong Kong’s freedom was almost gone. One by one, pro-democracy protesters, opposition parliament members, and opposition media are being targeted and repressed. Despite the numerous protests and riots, the Hong Kong SAR government perseveres with little concession to the protesters. Why does the government of Hong Kong decided not to respect Hong Kong’s unique democratic system in China, arguably the system that has brought Hong Kong to one of the most prominent cities in the world for global interactions, and instead wish to turn it into another normal Chinese city? Why does the Hong Kong SAR government almost completely ignore the voice of the Hong Kong people? Using the framework developed by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alastair Smith in The Dictator’s Handbook, I argue that the small size of Hong Kong’s governing coalition (i.e., the minimum amount of support required for the leader to stay in power) and the ease in which the Chief Executive of Hong Kong rewards her allies play a significant role in this democratic backsliding. Furthermore, while the Western World reacted in outrage over this undemocratic encroachment of Beijing on Hong Kong, I argue that their sanctions on Hong Kong leaders will not play a significant role as the Chief Executive of Hong Kong does not need their support. Keywords: Hong Kong; democracy; protests; governing coalition;sanctions REFERENCES Allison, Graham. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape the Thucydides’s Trap? New York: Houghton Miflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2017. 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Abstract Background The Mental Health Service for Older People (MHSOP) Liaison Service in North Dublin noted an exponential increase in suicide attempts in those over 65 over a period of 3 years (2020–2022). Annually in Ireland, more than 400 people die by suicide and a further 12,500 present to hospital following self-harm, of which approximately 15% are older adults (aged &gt;60). Worldwide, the age group that is most likely to die by suicide is represented by older adults, in particular men. Methods Analysis of referrals to the service from an established clinical database was performed to include those referred post suicide attempt or those referred for suicidal ideation or expressing a Passive Death Wish (PDW). Data was anonymized and recorded using Microsoft excel. Results There was a highly significant difference between the number of males who were referred post suicide attempt between 2021 (n = 1) and 2022 (n = 13), with z = +3.21 p &lt; 0.001. Referrals post suicide attempt in 2021 consisted of 2% (n = 6) of all referrals to the service, and 6% (n = 20) in 2022. In 2021 the mean age of those referred was 75.16, and in 2022 was slightly lower at 72.65, with 60% of those in the 65–72 year age range. Alcohol was involved in 45% of all suicide attempts in 2022. The overall referrals to the service for suicidality (post suicide attempt and PDW) increased from 5% to 16% from 2021 to 2022 of all those referred. Conclusion A Suicide prevention working group was established to include members of: MHSOP, Older Persons Services, Public Health and the National Office for Suicide Prevention (NOSP) to explore evidence based suicide and self-harm prevention strategies and guidelines in order to address the multiple precipitative factors for suicidality in older persons by developing improved care pathways and integration of services.

In 1924 Tex Austin, an American showman, brought his world travelling Rodeo to Croke Park in Dublin. Coming at a time of significant social and political upheaval in Ireland, Austin's rodeo promised an entirely new kind of spectacle which was free from imperial or British connotations. Austin's rodeo, and cowboy paraphernalia in general, seemed largely immune from cultural suspicions despite the fact that few citizens knew what a rodeo actually entailed. The purpose of the present article is twofold. First it provides a detailed examination of Tex Austin's Dublin Rodeo, and a growing proliferation of cowboy culture in interwar Ireland. Second, it uses Austin's Rodeo and its aftermath, to discuss the rise of cowboy masculinities in Ireland. Done to highlight the multiplicity of masculine identities in the Free State, the article discusses the appeal of cowboy inspired masculinity in Ireland, as well as the mediums through which it passed. Such an identity was not all encompassing but it did exist, and was sustained by the entertainment and leisure industry. Its study reiterates the need for more work on the various pressures and influences brought to bear on Irish masculinity.

IntroductionIn the year 2000, a group of likeminded individuals got together and convened the first annual World Barista Championship in Monte Carlo. With twelve competitors from around the globe, each competitor was judged by seven judges: one head judge who oversaw the process, two technical judges who assessed technical skills, and four sensory judges who evaluated the taste and appearance of the espresso drinks. Competitors had fifteen minutes to serve four espresso coffees, four cappuccino coffees, and four “signature” drinks that they had devised using one shot of espresso and other ingredients of their choice, but no alcohol. The competitors were also assessed on their overall barista skills, their creativity, and their ability to perform under pressure and impress the judges with their knowledge of coffee. This competition has grown to the extent that eleven years later, in 2011, 54 countries held national barista championships with the winner from each country competing for the highly coveted position of World Barista Champion. That year, Alejandro Mendez from El Salvador became the first world champion from a coffee producing nation. Champion baristas are more likely to come from coffee consuming countries than they are from coffee producing countries as countries that produce coffee seldom have a culture of espresso coffee consumption. While Ireland is not a coffee-producing nation, the Irish are the highest per capita consumers of tea in the world (Mac Con Iomaire, “Ireland”). Despite this, in 2008, Stephen Morrissey from Ireland overcame 50 other national champions to become the 2008 World Barista Champion (see, http://vimeo.com/2254130). Another Irish national champion, Colin Harmon, came fourth in this competition in both 2009 and 2010. This paper discusses the history and development of coffee and coffee houses in Dublin from the 17th century, charting how coffee culture in Dublin appeared, evolved, and stagnated before re-emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, with a remarkable win in the World Barista Championships. The historical links between coffeehouses and media—ranging from print media to electronic and social media—are discussed. In this, the coffee house acts as an informal public gathering space, what urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg calls a “third place,” neither work nor home. These “third places” provide anchors for community life and facilitate and foster broader, more creative interaction (Oldenburg). This paper will also show how competition from other “third places” such as clubs, hotels, restaurants, and bars have affected the vibrancy of coffee houses. Early Coffee Houses The first coffee house was established in Constantinople in 1554 (Tannahill 252; Huetz de Lemps 387). The first English coffee houses opened in Oxford in 1650 and in London in 1652. Coffee houses multiplied thereafter but, in 1676, when some London coffee houses became hotbeds for political protest, the city prosecutor decided to close them. The ban was soon lifted and between 1680 and 1730 Londoners discovered the pleasure of drinking coffee (Huetz de Lemps 388), although these coffee houses sold a number of hot drinks including tea and chocolate as well as coffee.The first French coffee houses opened in Marseille in 1671 and in Paris the following year. Coffee houses proliferated during the 18th century: by 1720 there were 380 public cafés in Paris and by the end of the century there were 600 (Huetz de Lemps 387). Café Procope opened in Paris in 1674 and, in the 18th century, became a literary salon with regular patrons: Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot and Condorcet (Huetz de Lemps 387; Pitte 472). In England, coffee houses developed into exclusive clubs such as Crockford’s and the Reform, whilst elsewhere in Europe they evolved into what we identify as cafés, similar to the tea shops that would open in England in the late 19th century (Tannahill 252-53). Tea quickly displaced coffee in popularity in British coffee houses (Taylor 142). Pettigrew suggests two reasons why Great Britain became a tea-drinking nation while most of the rest of Europe took to coffee (48). The first was the power of the East India Company, chartered by Elizabeth I in 1600, which controlled the world’s biggest tea monopoly and promoted the beverage enthusiastically. The second was the difficulty England had in securing coffee from the Levant while at war with France at the end of the seventeenth century and again during the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13). Tea also became the dominant beverage in Ireland and over a period of time became the staple beverage of the whole country. In 1835, Samuel Bewley and his son Charles dared to break the monopoly of The East India Company by importing over 2,000 chests of tea directly from Canton, China, to Ireland. His family would later become synonymous with the importation of coffee and with opening cafés in Ireland (see, Farmar for full history of the Bewley's and their activities). Ireland remains the highest per-capita consumer of tea in the world. Coffee houses have long been linked with social and political change (Kennedy, Politicks; Pincus). The notion that these new non-alcoholic drinks were responsible for the Enlightenment because people could now gather socially without getting drunk is rejected by Wheaton as frivolous, since there had always been alternatives to strong drink, and European civilisation had achieved much in the previous centuries (91). She comments additionally that cafés, as gathering places for dissenters, took over the role that taverns had long played. Pennell and Vickery support this argument adding that by offering a choice of drinks, and often sweets, at a fixed price and in a more civilized setting than most taverns provided, coffee houses and cafés were part of the rise of the modern restaurant. It is believed that, by 1700, the commercial provision of food and drink constituted the second largest occupational sector in London. Travellers’ accounts are full of descriptions of London taverns, pie shops, coffee, bun and chop houses, breakfast huts, and food hawkers (Pennell; Vickery). Dublin Coffee Houses and Later incarnations The earliest reference to coffee houses in Dublin is to the Cock Coffee House in Cook Street during the reign of Charles II (1660-85). Public dining or drinking establishments listed in the 1738 Dublin Directory include taverns, eating houses, chop houses, coffee houses, and one chocolate house in Fownes Court run by Peter Bardin (Hardiman and Kennedy 157). During the second half of the 17th century, Dublin’s merchant classes transferred allegiance from taverns to the newly fashionable coffee houses as places to conduct business. By 1698, the fashion had spread to country towns with coffee houses found in Cork, Limerick, Kilkenny, Clonmel, Wexford, and Galway, and slightly later in Belfast and Waterford in the 18th century. Maxwell lists some of Dublin’s leading coffee houses and taverns, noting their clientele: There were Lucas’s Coffee House, on Cork Hill (the scene of many duels), frequented by fashionable young men; the Phoenix, in Werburgh Street, where political dinners were held; Dick’s Coffee House, in Skinner’s Row, much patronized by literary men, for it was over a bookseller’s; the Eagle, in Eustace Street, where meetings of the Volunteers were held; the Old Sot’s Hole, near Essex Bridge, famous for its beefsteaks and ale; the Eagle Tavern, on Cork Hill, which was demolished at the same time as Lucas’s to make room for the Royal Exchange; and many others. (76) Many of the early taverns were situated around the Winetavern Street, Cook Street, and Fishamble Street area. (see Fig. 1) Taverns, and later coffee houses, became meeting places for gentlemen and centres for debate and the exchange of ideas. In 1706, Francis Dickson published the Flying Post newspaper at the Four Courts coffee house in Winetavern Street. The Bear Tavern (1725) and the Black Lyon (1735), where a Masonic Lodge assembled every Wednesday, were also located on this street (Gilbert v.1 160). Dick’s Coffee house was established in the late 17th century by bookseller and newspaper proprietor Richard Pue, and remained open until 1780 when the building was demolished. In 1740, Dick’s customers were described thus: Ye citizens, gentlemen, lawyers and squires,who summer and winter surround our great fires,ye quidnuncs! who frequently come into Pue’s,To live upon politicks, coffee, and news. (Gilbert v.1 174) There has long been an association between coffeehouses and publishing books, pamphlets and particularly newspapers. Other Dublin publishers and newspapermen who owned coffee houses included Richard Norris and Thomas Bacon. Until the 1850s, newspapers were burdened with a number of taxes: on the newsprint, a stamp duty, and on each advertisement. By 1865, these taxes had virtually disappeared, resulting in the appearance of 30 new newspapers in Ireland, 24 of them in Dublin. Most people read from copies which were available free of charge in taverns, clubs, and coffee houses (MacGiolla Phadraig). Coffee houses also kept copies of international newspapers. On 4 May 1706, Francis Dickson notes in the Dublin Intelligence that he held the Paris and London Gazettes, Leyden Gazette and Slip, the Paris and Hague Lettres à la Main, Daily Courant, Post-man, Flying Post, Post-script and Manuscripts in his coffeehouse in Winetavern Street (Kennedy, “Dublin”). Henry Berry’s analysis of shop signs in Dublin identifies 24 different coffee houses in Dublin, with the main clusters in Essex Street near the Custom’s House (Cocoa Tree, Bacon’s, Dempster’s, Dublin, Merchant’s, Norris’s, and Walsh’s) Cork Hill (Lucas’s, St Lawrence’s, and Solyman’s) Skinners’ Row (Bow’s’, Darby’s, and Dick’s) Christ Church Yard (Four Courts, and London) College Green (Jack’s, and Parliament) and Crampton Court (Exchange, and Little Dublin). (see Figure 1, below, for these clusters and the locations of other Dublin coffee houses.) The earliest to be referenced is the Cock Coffee House in Cook Street during the reign of Charles II (1660-85), with Solyman’s (1691), Bow’s (1692), and Patt’s on High Street (1699), all mentioned in print before the 18th century. The name of one, the Cocoa Tree, suggests that chocolate was also served in this coffee house. More evidence of the variety of beverages sold in coffee houses comes from Gilbert who notes that in 1730, one Dublin poet wrote of George Carterwright’s wife at The Custom House Coffee House on Essex Street: Her coffee’s fresh and fresh her tea,Sweet her cream, ptizan, and whea,her drams, of ev’ry sort, we findboth good and pleasant, in their kind. (v. 2 161) Figure 1: Map of Dublin indicating Coffee House clusters 1 = Sackville St.; 2 = Winetavern St.; 3 = Essex St.; 4 = Cork Hill; 5 = Skinner's Row; 6 = College Green.; 7 = Christ Church Yard; 8 = Crampton Court.; 9 = Cook St.; 10 = High St.; 11 = Eustace St.; 12 = Werburgh St.; 13 = Fishamble St.; 14 = Westmorland St.; 15 = South Great George's St.; 16 = Grafton St.; 17 = Kildare St.; 18 = Dame St.; 19 = Anglesea Row; 20 = Foster Place; 21 = Poolbeg St.; 22 = Fleet St.; 23 = Burgh Quay.A = Cafe de Paris, Lincoln Place; B = Red Bank Restaurant, D'Olier St.; C = Morrison's Hotel, Nassau St.; D = Shelbourne Hotel, St. Stephen's Green; E = Jury's Hotel, Dame St. Some coffee houses transformed into the gentlemen’s clubs that appeared in London, Paris and Dublin in the 17th century. These clubs originally met in coffee houses, then taverns, until later proprietary clubs became fashionable. Dublin anticipated London in club fashions with members of the Kildare Street Club (1782) and the Sackville Street Club (1794) owning the premises of their clubhouse, thus dispensing with the proprietor. The first London club to be owned by the members seems to be Arthur’s, founded in 1811 (McDowell 4) and this practice became widespread throughout the 19th century in both London and Dublin. The origin of one of Dublin’s most famous clubs, Daly’s Club, was a chocolate house opened by Patrick Daly in c.1762–65 in premises at 2–3 Dame Street (Brooke). It prospered sufficiently to commission its own granite-faced building on College Green between Anglesea Street and Foster Place which opened in 1789 (Liddy 51). Daly’s Club, “where half the land of Ireland has changed hands”, was renowned for the gambling that took place there (Montgomery 39). Daly’s sumptuous palace catered very well (and discreetly) for honourable Members of Parliament and rich “bucks” alike (Craig 222). The changing political and social landscape following the Act of Union led to Daly’s slow demise and its eventual closure in 1823 (Liddy 51). Coincidentally, the first Starbucks in Ireland opened in 2005 in the same location. Once gentlemen’s clubs had designated buildings where members could eat, drink, socialise, and stay overnight, taverns and coffee houses faced competition from the best Dublin hotels which also had coffee rooms “in which gentlemen could read papers, write letters, take coffee and wine in the evening—an exiguous substitute for a club” (McDowell 17). There were at least 15 establishments in Dublin city claiming to be hotels by 1789 (Corr 1) and their numbers grew in the 19th century, an expansion which was particularly influenced by the growth of railways. By 1790, Dublin’s public houses (“pubs”) outnumbered its coffee houses with Dublin boasting 1,300 (Rooney 132). Names like the Goose and Gridiron, Harp and Crown, Horseshoe and Magpie, and Hen and Chickens—fashionable during the 17th and 18th centuries in Ireland—hung on decorative signs for those who could not read. Throughout the 20th century, the public house provided the dominant “third place” in Irish society, and the drink of choice for itd predominantly male customers was a frothy pint of Guinness. Newspapers were available in public houses and many newspapermen had their own favourite hostelries such as Mulligan’s of Poolbeg Street; The Pearl, and The Palace on Fleet Street; and The White Horse Inn on Burgh Quay. Any coffee served in these establishments prior to the arrival of the new coffee culture in the 21st century was, however, of the powdered instant variety. Hotels / Restaurants with Coffee Rooms From the mid-19th century, the public dining landscape of Dublin changed in line with London and other large cities in the United Kingdom. Restaurants did appear gradually in the United Kingdom and research suggests that one possible reason for this growth from the 1860s onwards was the Refreshment Houses and Wine Licences Act (1860). The object of this act was to “reunite the business of eating and drinking”, thereby encouraging public sobriety (Mac Con Iomaire, “Emergence” v.2 95). Advertisements for Dublin restaurants appeared in The Irish Times from the 1860s. Thom’s Directory includes listings for Dining Rooms from the 1870s and Refreshment Rooms are listed from the 1880s. This pattern continued until 1909, when Thom’s Directory first includes a listing for “Restaurants and Tea Rooms”. Some of the establishments that advertised separate coffee rooms include Dublin’s first French restaurant, the Café de Paris, The Red Bank Restaurant, Morrison’s Hotel, Shelbourne Hotel, and Jury’s Hotel (see Fig. 1). The pattern of separate ladies’ coffee rooms emerged in Dublin and London during the latter half of the 19th century and mixed sex dining only became popular around the last decade of the 19th century, partly infuenced by Cesar Ritz and Auguste Escoffier (Mac Con Iomaire, “Public Dining”). Irish Cafés: From Bewley’s to Starbucks A number of cafés appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, most notably Robert Roberts and Bewley’s, both of which were owned by Quaker families. Ernest Bewley took over the running of the Bewley’s importation business in the 1890s and opened a number of Oriental Cafés; South Great Georges Street (1894), Westmoreland Street (1896), and what became the landmark Bewley’s Oriental Café in Grafton Street (1927). Drawing influence from the grand cafés of Paris and Vienna, oriental tearooms, and Egyptian architecture (inspired by the discovery in 1922 of Tutankhamen’s Tomb), the Grafton Street business brought a touch of the exotic into the newly formed Irish Free State. Bewley’s cafés became the haunt of many of Ireland’s leading literary figures, including Samuel Becket, Sean O’Casey, and James Joyce who mentioned the café in his book, Dubliners. A full history of Bewley’s is available (Farmar). It is important to note, however, that pots of tea were sold in equal measure to mugs of coffee in Bewley’s. The cafés changed over time from waitress- to self-service and a failure to adapt to changing fashions led to the business being sold, with only the flagship café in Grafton Street remaining open in a revised capacity. It was not until the beginning of the 21st century that a new wave of coffee house culture swept Ireland. This was based around speciality coffee beverages such as espressos, cappuccinos, lattés, macchiatos, and frappuccinnos. This new phenomenon coincided with the unprecedented growth in the Irish economy, during which Ireland became known as the “Celtic Tiger” (Murphy 3). One aspect of this period was a building boom and a subsequent growth in apartment living in the Dublin city centre. The American sitcom Friends and its fictional coffee house, “Central Perk,” may also have helped popularise the use of coffee houses as “third spaces” (Oldenberg) among young apartment dwellers in Dublin. This was also the era of the “dotcom boom” when many young entrepreneurs, software designers, webmasters, and stock market investors were using coffee houses as meeting places for business and also as ad hoc office spaces. This trend is very similar to the situation in the 17th and early 18th centuries where coffeehouses became known as sites for business dealings. Various theories explaining the growth of the new café culture have circulated, with reasons ranging from a growth in Eastern European migrants, anti-smoking legislation, returning sophisticated Irish emigrants, and increased affluence (Fenton). Dublin pubs, facing competition from the new coffee culture, began installing espresso coffee machines made by companies such as Gaggia to attract customers more interested in a good latté than a lager and it is within this context that Irish baristas gained such success in the World Barista competition. In 2001 the Georges Street branch of Bewley’s was taken over by a chain called Café, Bar, Deli specialising in serving good food at reasonable prices. Many ex-Bewley’s staff members subsequently opened their own businesses, roasting coffee and running cafés. Irish-owned coffee chains such as Java Republic, Insomnia, and O’Brien’s Sandwich Bars continued to thrive despite the competition from coffee chains Starbucks and Costa Café. Indeed, so successful was the handmade Irish sandwich and coffee business that, before the economic downturn affected its business, Irish franchise O’Brien’s operated in over 18 countries. The Café, Bar, Deli group had also begun to franchise its operations in 2008 when it too became a victim of the global economic downturn. With the growth of the Internet, many newspapers have experienced falling sales of their printed format and rising uptake of their electronic versions. Most Dublin coffee houses today provide wireless Internet connections so their customers can read not only the local newspapers online, but also others from all over the globe, similar to Francis Dickenson’s coffee house in Winetavern Street in the early 18th century. Dublin has become Europe’s Silicon Valley, housing the European headquarters for companies such as Google, Yahoo, Ebay, Paypal, and Facebook. There are currently plans to provide free wireless connectivity throughout Dublin’s city centre in order to promote e-commerce, however, some coffee houses shut off the wireless Internet in their establishments at certain times of the week in order to promote more social interaction to ensure that these “third places” remain “great good places” at the heart of the community (Oldenburg). Conclusion Ireland is not a country that is normally associated with a coffee culture but coffee houses have been part of the fabric of that country since they emerged in Dublin in the 17th century. These Dublin coffee houses prospered in the 18th century, and survived strong competition from clubs and hotels in the 19th century, and from restaurant and public houses into the 20th century. In 2008, when Stephen Morrissey won the coveted title of World Barista Champion, Ireland’s place as a coffee consuming country was re-established. 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Background: Assessment of postmenopausal women with red flag signs like postmenopausal bleeding/ endometrial thickness ≥5 mm is needed for early detection of any pathology. Early-stage endometrial cancer detection through office hysteroscopy is one of crucial modality for effective management. Objective was to assess the outcome of office hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women with red flag sign and correlated with histopathology findings. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study at a single facility in Northern Ireland involving 122 post-menopausal women aged ≥45 years subjected to AUB/increased endometrial thickness. Advance diagnostic examination by office hysteroscopy followed by histopathology to detect and rule out endometrial cancer and related ailments. Results: The mean age of the study population was 63.07±10.317 SD years and 91.8% were over-weight. 71.3% women had endometrial thickness <5 mm. Hysteroscopic reported for 8.2% (10 cases) endometrial cancers having diagnostic accuracy of 98.36%. The histological and hysteroscopic diagnoses were having significantly similar outcomes. Office hysteroscopy has 100% specificity and positive predictive value in detecting normal endometrium whereas 98.25% specificity and 100% negative predictive value in case for cancer detection. Conclusions: In Irish women, office hysteroscopy proved helpful in determining the pathologies that cause postmenopausal bleeding. Correlating hysteroscopic and histological findings with red flag indications should be the focus of future explorations.