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Journal articles on the topic 'General Recidivism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Omboto, John Onyango, Gidraph G. Wairire, and Mike Chepkong’a. "The profile of recidivists in Kenya: The case of prisoners at Nairobi county prison institutions." South African Journal of Criminal Justice 33, no. 3 (2020): 708–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/sacj/v33/i3a10.

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Recidivists are chronic, multiple or prolific offenders. They continue to commit crimes regardless of punishment. Recidivism is a worldwide problem which has persisted over the years. A University of Nairobi study conducted in Nairobi County, Kenya on the linkage between punishment and recidivism which involved recidivist prisoners at Kamiti Maximum Security Prison and Langata Prison; male and female institutions respectively, sought to, among others, analyse the broad characteristics of recidivists in the two institutions. The study purposively selected a sample of 167 participants, and colle

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2

Iudici, Antonio, Fela Boccato, and Elena Faccio. "Perspectives on recidivists: the views of detainees, the general public and people working with offenders." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 1 (2018): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i1.356.

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There is ample evidence on recidivism including its relationships with drug use, addiction, mental illness and security problems; however there has been less research based on direct accounts of detainee experiences and on the experience of people who try to prevent recidivism. The aim of this research was to describe how recidivism is perceived and dealt with by different actors: offenders (recidivists and non-recidivists), pedagogical operators and the public. The wider objective of the study was to identify ways in which various stakeholders can facilitate social reintegration of prisoners.

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3

Gerrish, Ashley W., Mark E. Hamill, Tonja M. Locklear, et al. "Trauma Recidivism Postdischarge Mortality: Important Differences Exist between the Adult and Geriatric Populations." American Surgeon 85, no. 7 (2019): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500723.

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Trauma recidivists are a high-risk patient population. The effects of recidivism on Geriatric trauma mortality have not been investigated. Our hypothesis is that trauma recidivism is associated with high postdischarge mortality after the initial index admission in both the geriatric and adult trauma populations. The trauma registry of our Level I trauma center was queried for patients evaluated between 2008 and 2012. Patients were stratified adult (18–64) and geriatric (≥65) groups and matched with mortality data from the National Death Index. Unique patients were identified and recidivists fl

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4

Pechorro, Pedro, Michael C. Seto, James V. Ray, Isabel Alberto, and Mário R. Simões. "A Prospective Study on Self-Reported Psychopathy and Criminal Recidivism Among Incarcerated Male Juvenile Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 14 (2019): 2383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19849569.

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The present study examines the utility of three self-report measures of psychopathic traits in predicting recidivism among a sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders. Participants ( N = 214, M = 16.40 years, SD = 1.29 years) from seven Portuguese juvenile detention centers were followed and prospectively classified as recidivists versus non-recidivists. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that the Antisocial Process Screening Device–Self-Report (APSD-SR) presented the best performance in terms of predicting general recidivism, with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) a

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5

Glover, Anthony J. J., Diane E. Nicholson, Toni Hemmati, Gary A. Bernfeld, and Vernon L. Quinsey. "A Comparison of Predictors of General and Violent Recidivism Among High-Risk Federal Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 29, no. 3 (2002): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854802029003001.

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The accuracy of 10 risk measures in predicting general and violent recidivism among 106 federally sentenced male offenders was compared. During an average period of opportunity to reoffend of 713 days ( SD = 601.38), 28 offenders recidivated nonviolently, and 34 recidivated violently. Common language effect sizes in discriminating violent recidivists from other offenders were .73 for the General Statistical Information on Recidivism–Revised and .72 for the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide. Effect sizes ranging from .58 to .68 were obtained for DSM-IV Conduct Disorder scored as a scale, the Violen

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6

Bader, Shannon M., Robert Welsh, and Mario J. Scalora. "Recidivism Among Female Child Molesters." Violence and Victims 25, no. 3 (2010): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.349.

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During recent years, research about female sexual offender recidivism rates using official criminal justice records has increased. Although informative, rearrest or conviction rates may be insufficient for this population. This study examines two potential outcome measures for accurately studying recidivism among 57 female sexual offenders; a criminal recidivism measure based on formal legal charges and a reported recidivism measure based on child welfare reports. Based on the criminal recidivism outcome measure, 10 (17.5%) women were charged for a subsequent sexual crime. The broader reported

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7

Jou, Rong-Chang, and Yi-Hao Lu. "Factors Affecting Recidivism of Drunk Driving for Car and Motorbike Users." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9065416.

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This study explored the important factors affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users. The respondents were students of Taiwan’s road safety training course, which was required for all drunk drivers who were suspended from driving due to the violation of regulations. The characteristics of the drunk car and motorbike drivers, such as socioeconomic variables, alcohol consumption changes, family life cycle, and changes in the number of trips, were investigated. This study estimated the models affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike user

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8

Hung, Elise S. W. "Psychological Risk Factors of Future Drug Offending among Young Offenders in Hong Kong - A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Psychological Studies 12, no. 4 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v12n4p31.

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In recent years there is a growing concern on drug offenders in Hong Kong. Despite its over-representation in prison and recidivists, drug offending has seldom been studied systematically in risk factor research. The issue as to whether drug offending has specific psychological risk factors or they share a common set of risk factors with general offending remains largely unaddressed. This research applied a longitudinal design to investigate this issue. Using a data-set on young offenders&rsquo; psychological characteristics established in 2004 in the Hong Kong Correctional Services, and r

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9

Hairi, Prianter Jaya. "Konsep dan Pembaruan Residivisme dalam Hukum Pidana di Indonesia (Concept and Reform of Recidivism in Criminal Law in Indonesia)." Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 9, no. 2 (2019): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v9i2.1048.

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The legal arrangement of additional penalty for repetition of crime (recidivism) as stipulated in Indonesian Criminal Code has been considered quite complicated to be executed. The draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill brings changes to the concept of recidivism. This study intends to examine the concept of recidivism in the doctrine, in its current arrangement, in the draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill, and to examine the implications of the concepts’ changing for criminal law enforcement in general. In the discussion it is known that the existing Criminal Code, applied the con

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10

Hanson, R. Karl. "Will They Do It Again?" Current Directions in Psychological Science 9, no. 3 (2000): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00071.

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This article reviews the empirical research on the prediction of reoffending among sexual offenders. The major predictors of sexual-offense recidivism are factors related to sexual deviance (e.g., deviant sexual preferences, previous sex crimes) and, to a lesser extent, criminal lifestyle (e.g., antisocial personality disorder, total number of prior offenses). The factors that predict general recidivism among sex offenders are the same as the factors that predict general recidivism among nonsexual criminals (e.g., juvenile delinquency, prior violent offenses). Given that there are special pred

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11

VILLENEUVE, DAVID B., and VERNON L. QUINSEY. "Predictors of General and Violent Recidivism among Mentally Disordered Inmates." Criminal Justice and Behavior 22, no. 4 (1995): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854895022004004.

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One hundred and twenty male inmates who had been released from a maximum-security inpatient psychiatric unit of a federal penitentiary were followed for an average of 92 months. Seventy-eight percent of the sample were arrested for any offense, and 50% were arrested for a violent offense. An actuarial instrument developed using Nuffield's (1982) method correlated .43 with violent recidivism, resulting in 32% relative improvement over chance. The predictors of violent recidivism in this instrument were the following: juvenile delinquency, younger age at release, drugs involved in offenses, viol

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12

Eisenberg, Mara J., Joan E. van Horn, Judith M. Dekker, et al. "Static and Dynamic Predictors of General and Violent Criminal Offense Recidivism in the Forensic Outpatient Population: A Meta-Analysis." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 5 (2019): 732–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819826109.

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Several meta-analyses have examined the Central Eight risk factors for reoffending in the general forensic population. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to focus exclusively on the predictive validity of risk factors for recidivism in forensic outpatients. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted of studies in which static and dynamic risk factors were investigated as predictors of violent and/or general recidivism in forensic outpatients. Twenty-seven studies were included, with 543 effect sizes in a unique population of 116,982 adult offenders. The Central Eight risk domains

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13

Kingston, Drew A., and Mark E. Olver. "Psychometric Examination of Treatment Change Among Mentally Disordered Offenders: A Risk–Needs Analysis." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 2 (2017): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817743539.

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The present study examined the association of psychiatric symptomatology, criminal attitudes, and treatment changes within these domains to violent and general recidivism in a sample of 614 mentally disordered offenders. Significant pre–post changes were found on multiple measures of criminal attitudes, symptomatology, and readiness for change. Antisocial Intentions and Attitudes Toward Associates (from the Measure of Criminal Attitudes and Associates [MCAA]) predicted general recidivism and covaried with the Big Four criminogenic need domains on the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision

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14

Cale, Jesse, and Patrick Lussier. "Merging Developmental and Criminal Career Perspectives." Sexual Abuse 24, no. 2 (2011): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063211403503.

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Currently, a majority of actuarial risk-assessment tools for sexual recidivism contain static risk factors that measure various aspects of the offender’s prior criminal history in adulthood. The goal of the current study was to assess the utility of extending static risk factors, by using developmental and criminal career parameters of offending, in the actuarial assessment of risk of violent/sexual recidivism. The current study was based on a sample of 204 convicted sexual aggressors of women incarcerated in the province of Quebec, Canada between April 1994 and June 2000. Semistructured inter

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15

Beaudry-Cyr, Maude, Wesley G. Jennings, Kristen M. Zgoba, and Richard Tewksbury. "Examining the Continuity of Juvenile Sex Offending Into Adulthood and Subsequent Patterns of Sex and General Recidivism." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 3 (2016): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15594442.

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Current sex offending legislation and public opinion present an image of sexual offenders as specialized predators who are likely to exhibit continued sexually deviant behavior over the life-course. Although sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has been independently assessed in prior research, the potential link between sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has yet to be investigated. Using data collected at two different time points from a sample of sex offenders who served a prison sentence for an adult sex offense, the present study examines the prevalence of

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16

Koschmann, Matthew A., and Brittany L. Peterson. "Rethinking Recidivism." Journal of Applied Social Science 7, no. 2 (2013): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1936724412467021.

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17

Olver, Mark E., and Lindsay A. Sewall. "Cross-Validation of the Discrimination and Calibration Properties of the VRAG-R in a Treated Sexual Offender Sample." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 6 (2018): 741–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818762483.

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The present study featured an examination of the predictive properties of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide–Revised (VRAG-R) in a treated sample of sexual offenders, using modern risk metrics. The Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG) and the original Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) were examined for comparison purposes. The three measures were rated archivally on 296 treated sexual offenders followed up 17.6 years. VRAG-R scores demonstrated good discrimination of recidivists from nonrecidivists for sexual (area under the curve [AUC] = .60-.67) and violent (AUC = .70-.78) recidivism,

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18

ASHFORD, JOSÉ B., and CRAIG WINSTON LeCROY. "Predicting Recidivism." Criminal Justice and Behavior 15, no. 2 (1988): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854888015002002.

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19

Zgoba, Kristen M., Wesley G. Jennings, and Laura M. Salerno. "Megan’s Law 20 Years Later: An Empirical Analysis and Policy Review." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 7 (2018): 1028–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818771409.

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This present study examines the sexual and general recidivism rates of 547 convicted sex offenders released before and after the enactment of Megan’s Law in New Jersey. Presenting the longest Megan’s Law evaluation, participants were followed for an average of 15 years after release (range = 10-29 years). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression equations were estimated to identify covariates significantly associated with both sexual and general recidivism. Group-based trajectories of general recidivism within the 10 years post–prison release were also estimated and compared according to

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20

Marshall, Ethan A., Holly A. Miller, and Leah Grubb. "Examining the Utility of the LSI-R in a Sample of Women who have Sexually Offended." Criminal Justice and Behavior 49, no. 3 (2021): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211054031.

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The ability to identify factors predictive of recidivism among individuals who have offended is integral to properly targeting supervision and treatment focus. Instruments such as the Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) show promise with general justice-involved females, but no study to our knowledge has assessed it with women who have sexually offended. The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of the LSI-R in a sample of 243 women from the State of Texas who have sexually offended. Results indicate that the total score was significantly related to criminal recidivism (Harrel

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21

Fries, Diana, Astrid Rossegger, Jérôme Endrass, and Jay P. Singh. "The prediction of criminal recidivism using routinely available file information." International Journal of Psychological Research 6, no. 2 (2013): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.671.

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Objective. The aim of the present study was to cross-validate the investigation of Buchanan and Leese (2006) into the prediction of criminal recidivism. Method. The sample comprised offenders in the criminal justice system of the Canton of Zürich – Switzerland, who were discharged to the community. Participants were followed, and evidence of subsequent charges and convictions for both general and serious recidivism was investigated at fixed periods of 2.5, 6.5, and 10.5 years. The predictive validity of socio-demographic, criminal history, and legal class information was assessed using logisti

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22

Suero, Maria Aparcero, and Ashley Dickinson. "Moderating effects of age, employment status and level of education on the predictive utility of the LSI-R for sexual offenders." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 11, no. 1 (2021): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v11i1.4770.

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Using a Midwestern sample of sex offenders, the current study reports findings on the utility of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) in predicting recidivism for offenders with a history of sexual crimes. The current study includes data from a sample of 250 sexual offenders over a 36-month period. This study aims to investigate how three variables – level of education, age and employment status – correlate to recidivism, and if they moderate the effectiveness of the tool in predicting future offending. This study found a statistically significant relationship between total LSI-R sco

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23

Hoogsteder, Larissa M., Geert-Jan J. M. Stams, Eveline E. Schippers, and Daphne Bonnes. "Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART): An Evaluation Study in a Dutch Juvenile Justice Institution in Terms of Recidivism." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 14 (2018): 4403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18761267.

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This article describes a quasi-experimental study of the effectiveness of Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) in terms of recidivism for 16- to 21-year-old juveniles with aggression problems and high risk of recidivism. In a Dutch juvenile justice institution, an experimental group received Re-ART ( n = 63, Re-ART group) and a waitlist control group received Treatment as Usual ( n = 28, TAU group). Results indicated that Re-ART is significantly more effective than TAU in reducing the juveniles’ recidivism risk for violent offending. Compared with the TAU group, the Re-ART group s

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Olver, Mark E., and Drew A. Kingston. "Discrimination and Calibration Properties of the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision in a Correctional Mental Health Sample." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 1 (2018): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818804601.

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We examined the predictive properties of the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision (LSI-OR) in a sample of 604 provincially incarcerated men with mental illness from a correctional mental health facility followed up nearly 2 years after release. Recidivism base rates and LSI-OR scores were relatively consistent across major mental disorder categories, but higher among individuals with personality disorder, substance use disorder, or dual diagnosis. LSI-OR scores predicted general and violent recidivism in the overall sample and among specific diagnostic groups. Calibration analyses were

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25

Robertson, Angela A., Zhou Fang, Doris Weiland, et al. "Recidivism Among Justice-Involved Youth: Findings From JJ-TRIALS." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 9 (2020): 1059–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820922891.

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Recidivism, and the factors related to it, remains a highly significant concern among juvenile justice researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. Recent studies highlight the need to examine multiple measures of recidivism as well as conduct multilevel analyses of this phenomenon. Using data collected in a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded Juvenile Justice-Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS) cooperative agreement, we examined individual- and site-level factors related to 1-year recidivism among probation youth in 20 sites in

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Myers, Helen J., and Lora H. Beebe. "SKEPTICAL ABOUT RECIDIVISM." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 29, no. 2 (1991): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19910201-14.

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Colins, Olivier F., Robert Vermeiren, Marleen De Bolle, and Eric Broekaert. "Self-Reported Psychopathic-Like Traits as Predictors of Recidivism in Detained Male Adolescents." Criminal Justice and Behavior 39, no. 11 (2012): 1421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854812456526.

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Few studies have examined whether psychopathic-like traits predict recidivism in detained youth. The current study investigated the predictive validity of self-report of psychopathic-like traits for official recidivism. Participants were 223 detained male adolescents from all three Flemish youth detention centers, who were assessed with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). Two to four years later, official information on recidivism was collected. Recidivism was defined in four ways. Neither the affective dimension nor the broader construct of psychopathy (i.e., total YPI score) was p

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Stoolmiller, Mike, and Elaine A. Blechman. "Substance Use is a Robust Predictor of Adolescent Recidivism." Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, no. 3 (2005): 302–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854804274372.

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How well does substance use predict adolescent recidivism? When the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to officially recorded first rearrest of 505 juvenile offenders, a best-fitting complex multivariate model indicated that: (a) parent reports that youths “often” use substances more than doubles first rearrest risk, (b) averaged youth and parent substance use reports predict recidivism better than a single source, (c) parent or youth denial of youth substance use predicts recidivism, (d) age at first arrest does not predict recidivism, (e) non-White/non-Asians have a 79% higher recidi

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Mpofu, Elias, James A. Athanasou, Christine Rafe, and Scott H. Belshaw. "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Efficacy for Reducing Recidivism Rates of Moderate- and High-Risk Sexual Offenders: A Scoping Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 1 (2016): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16644501.

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This literature scoping review compared recidivism rates of moderate- and high-risk sexual offenders who received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) oriented treatments. Ten empirical studies from 2001 to 2014 were selected for review that met the following criteria: (a) Treatment program included a CBT-based intervention with a comparative intervention; (b) participants included adult, male, moderate- and high-risk sexual offenders only; and (c) follow-up data for up to 12 months. Data were analyzed using a summative metric for recidivism rate comparisons ( N = 3,073 for CBT and N = 3,588, fo

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Ozkan, Turgut, Stephen J. Clipper, Alex R. Piquero, Michael Baglivio, and Kevin Wolff. "Predicting Sexual Recidivism." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 4 (2019): 375–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219852944.

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The current study focuses on adolescents with sex offense histories and examines sexual reoffending patterns within 2 years of a prior sex offense. We employed inductive statistical models using archival official records maintained by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice (FDJJ), which provides social, offense, placement, and risk assessment history data for all youth referred for delinquent behavior. The predictive accuracy of the random forest models is tested using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curve (AUC), and precision/recall plots. The strongest p

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Bird, Mia, and Ryken Grattet. "Realignment and Recidivism." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 664, no. 1 (2016): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215603319.

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California’s 2011 Public Safety Realignment created an unprecedented policy experiment by transferring the authority over lower-level felony offenders from the state correctional system to fifty-eight county jail and probation systems. While centered in California, these changes are reflective of an ongoing national conversation about the appropriate level of government at which to focus crime control efforts. In this article, we first situate Realignment in criminological and sociolegal literatures, showing how the reform offers opportunities to further inquiry as to the effectiveness of a wi

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Onifade, Eyitayo, Jodi Petersen, Timothy S. Bynum, and William S. Davidson. "Multilevel Recidivism Prediction." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 8 (2011): 840–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811407026.

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Risk assessments such as the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) that predict delinquency outcomes based on proximal risk factors may benefit from an incorporation of distal risk factors in their prediction models. This study utilized a juvenile probationer sample and block group SES data in exploring the differential predictive validity of the YLS/CMI with youth of similar person-centered risk levels from different criminogenic neighborhood types. The study entailed an exploratory factor analysis of block group socioeconomic variables, which were used in a cluster analy

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Soldino, Virginia, and Enrique José Carbonell-Vayá. "Effect of treatment on sex offenders’ recidivism: a meta-analysis." Anales de Psicología 33, no. 3 (2017): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.267961.

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<p>This meta-analysis has the aim of measuring the effect of treatment on sex offenders. After a systematic review of the recent literature, seventeen studies were selected, containing a total sample of 6,681 sex offenders. The rates of sexual recidivism (13.12% vs. 17.94%), violent ─including sexual─ (25.5% vs. 29.1%) and general ─any type of recidivism─ (46.53% vs. 52.41%) of treated offenders were less than those of the control groups. The effectiveness of the treatment was clear in reducing the rates of sexual (<em>OR</em> = .69; <em>p </em>&lt; .05) and g

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Rojas, Erika Y., and Mark E. Olver. "Validity and Reliability of the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Sexual Offense Version." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 7 (2019): 826–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219858064.

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The present study examined the validity and reliability of a youth sexual offense risk assessment and treatment planning tool, the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Sexual Offense Version (VRS-YSO), on a sample of 102 court-adjudicated youth referred to assessment and/or treatment outpatient services followed up an average of 11.7 years in the community. VRS-YSO scores demonstrated “good” to “excellent” interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] = .64-.83). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the static and dynamic items identified three latent dimensions consistent with the e

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Harmon, Laura, Leah Sukri, Joseph A. Kufera, et al. "Is Opioid Prescribing Driving Trauma Recidivism or is Trauma Driving Opioid Use?" American Surgeon 85, no. 6 (2019): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500618.

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In the past 30 years, opioid prescription rates have quadrupled and hospital admissions for overdose are rising. Previous studies have focused on alcohol use and trauma recidivism, however rarely evaluating recidivism and opioid use. We hypothesized there is an association between opioid use and trauma recidivism. This is a retrospective review of patients with multiple admissions for traumatic injury. Demographics, opioid toxicology screen (TS) results, and injury characteristics were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-squared and Poisson regression models. One thousand si

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Fine, Adam, Michael T. Baglivio, Elizabeth Cauffman, Kevin T. Wolff, and Alex R. Piquero. "Does the Effect of Self-Regulation on Adolescent Recidivism Vary by Youths’ Attitudes?" Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 2 (2017): 214–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817739046.

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Youth with poor self-regulation or criminal attitudes are at risk for recidivism. Researchers have yet to examine how self-regulation and criminal attitudes intermix to influence recidivism. The present study employed a large sample of 26,947 youth in the Florida Juvenile Justice System to examine the effect of criminal attitudes on the association between self-regulation and recidivism over a 1-year period. The results indicated that the influence of self-regulation on recidivism varied based on youths’ attitudes. Although self-regulation affected recidivism among youth with average (d y/d x

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Richer, Kayla, Jeremy Cheng, and Andrew M. Haag. "Historical recidivism rates of Alberta’s not criminally responsible population." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 3, no. 2 (2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.50.

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In Canada, public safety is a paramount concern for the provincial Review Boards that oversee individuals found to be Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCR). There is limited research on recidivism rates for NCR populations to assist public policy and institutional practices. In response to this gap, the authors examined the recidivism characteristics of the population of NCR individuals who have passed under the Review Board of Alberta, Canada. The maximum follow-up period was 35 years and included 528 cases between October 1941 and December 2015. Results indicated tha

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van den Berg, Jan Willem, Wineke Smid, Jolanda J. Kossakowski, et al. "The Application of Network Analysis to Dynamic Risk Factors in Adult Male Sex Offenders." Clinical Psychological Science 8, no. 3 (2020): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620901720.

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Although dynamic risk factors are considered important in the assessment and treatment of adult male sex offenders, little is known about their interrelationships. We apply network analysis to assess their associations and to provide an analysis of their shortest pathways to sexual and violent (including sexual contact) recidivism. Analyses revealed a central position for general rejection/loneliness (in all networks), poor cognitive problem solving (in networks containing sexual or violent—including sexual contact—recidivism), and impulsive acts (only in the network including sexual recidivis

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Medjedovic, Janko, Daliborka Kujacic, and Goran Knezevic. "Personality-related determinants of criminal recidivism." Psihologija 45, no. 3 (2012): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1203277m.

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The goal of this study was to explore personality-related determinants of recidivism, with recidivism being defined as a) the number of lawful sentences a person had (criminal legal recidivism), and b) the number of prison sentences pronounced (penal recidivism). The study was carried out in two independent samples: a) convicts from the Correctional Institution of Belgrade - Penitentiary of Padinska Skela (N=113), and b) convicts from the Special Prison Hospital in Belgrade (N =112). The variables of the Five-Factor Model of Personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and C

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Ralston, Christopher A., Amar Sarkar, Grace T. Philipp, and Douglas L. Epperson. "The Impact of Using Documented but Uncharged Offense Data on JSORRAT-II Predictive Validity." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 2 (2016): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215582011.

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Following the implementation of sexual offender notification laws, researchers have found a drop in the rate of prosecutions and an increase in plea bargains for sexual offenses committed by male juveniles. This type of prosecutorial hesitation has implications for the predictive validity of sexual recidivism risk assessments, such as the Juvenile Sexual Offender Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool–II (JSORRAT-II), that require data from officially adjudicated offenses in the scoring of several items. The present study sought to test the impact of including data from documented but uncharged (DBU)

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van der Put, C. E., E. S. van Vugt, G. J. J. M. Stams, M. Deković, and P. H. van der Laan. "Short-Term General Recidivism Risk of Juvenile Sex Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57, no. 11 (2012): 1374–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x12457775.

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Polk-Walker, Glenda C., Wenyaw Chan, Arthur A. Meltzer, Gerald Goldapp, Barbara Williams, and Ann L. Whall. "Psychiatric Recidivism Prediction Factors." Western Journal of Nursing Research 15, no. 2 (1993): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019394599301500203.

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Zoe Hilton, N., Grant T. Harris, and Marnie E. Rice. "The Effect of Arrest On Wife Assault Recidivism." Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, no. 10 (2007): 1334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854807300757.

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Prior research on the effect of arrest on wife assault recidivism had equivocal results and mixed reception. Arrest is not always used in wife assault cases, and several studies suggest that arrest is influenced by incident severity rather than risk of recidivism. The present study examined the effect of arrest controlling for pre-arrest actuarial risk of recidivism, which was measured retrospectively and independently of arrest decision using the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment. In an archival study of 522 wife assault incidents with police attending, arrest was associated with pre-a

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Tihanyi, Miklós, Szabolcs Mátyás, Vince Vári, Kristina Krasnova, and Maria Volkova. "Correlation Between Female Identity in Civil Society and Criminal Repression in Hungary and Russia." Russian Law Journal 8, no. 4 (2020): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2020-8-4-92-108.

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Exploring data on recidivism in Hungary and Russia, the authors study the presence gender dimension of crime prevention. We agree with the assertion that crimes are predominantly committed by males but they believe that theoretical hypotheses developed by criminologists through the examples of men’s crimes cannot be transferred to women by default. Feminist criminology deals with the relationship of female identity in Russian society and crime, above all, recidivism. Analysis of data on the state of crime in Russia shows that, despite the general positive dynamics of its decrease, the rate of

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Hempel, Inge, Nicole Buck, Maaike Cima, and Hjalmar van Marle. "Review of Risk Assessment Instruments for Juvenile Sex Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57, no. 2 (2011): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11428315.

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Risk assessment is considered to be a key element in the prevention of recidivism among juvenile sex offenders (JSOs), often by imposing long-term consequences based on that assessment. The authors reviewed the literature on the predictive accuracy of six well-known risk assessment instruments used to appraise risk among JSOs: the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II), Juvenile Sexual Offence Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool-II (J-SORRAT-II), Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offence Recidivism (ERASOR), Juvenile Risk Assessment Scale (JRAS), Structured Assessment of Viol

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Yuzhanin, Vyacheslav E., and Inga V. Pantyukhina. "CRIMINAL RECORD AND RECIDIVISM OF CRIMES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 37 (2020): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/37/10.

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The scientists have different approaches to the institution of criminal record within the system of criminal liability. Some consider it to be part of criminal liability; others argue that it is its consequence. The second opinion is more correct. The criminal record represents the consequences of criminal liability but not the criminal liability itself. Criminal liability cannot be exercised after serving the sentence since it does not go beyond punitive restrictions when serving a sentence. The conviction exists only after serving the sentence. Being the institution of criminal law, it gives

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Higgs, Tamsin, Franca Cortoni, and Kevin Nunes. "Reducing Violence Risk? Some Positive Recidivism Outcomes for Canadian Treated High-Risk Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 3 (2018): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818808830.

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In pursuit of “what works” in violent offending behavior programs, there remain insufficient evaluations of program outcomes. Three hundred forty-five offenders from the Canadian Violence Prevention Program (VPP) were compared after an average 3-year follow-up with 338 non-VPP participants. Outcomes measured were new convictions for violent, sexual, or general offenses. Intent-to-treat design was used. Subsequently, participants who completed or did not complete the program were compared with the non-VPP group. Further analyses considered Indigenous and non-Indigenous subgroups. Overall, lower

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Toop, Carissa, Mark E. Olver, and Sandy Jung. "Forensic Assessment With the PAI in Correctional Samples: Implications for RNR." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 6 (2019): 866–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819834718.

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The present investigation examined Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) correlates of Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) scores in a sample ( N = 377) of offenders with diverse criminal histories. It was hypothesized that PAI scales with content reflective of criminogenic needs would be associated with recidivism while those indicative of major mental illness and behavioral disruption would be positively linked to responsivity variables. Several PAI scales predicted general and violent recidivism, particularly those reflective of criminogenic need. More serious profile patterns were associated wit

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Little, Gregory L., Kenneth D. Robinson, and Katherine D. Burnette. "Treating Drug Offenders with Moral Reconation Therapy: A Three-Year Recidivism Report." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (1991): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1151.

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70 male felony offenders treated with the cognitive behavioral approach of Moral Reconation Therapy during and after incarceration were assessed for rearrests and reincarceration 38 months after their release. They were compared to a nontreated control group of 82 male felony offenders. Recidivism in the treated group was 24.3% as compared to 36.6% for the control group. Analysis showed that steps completed significantly correlated with rearrests and recidivism and that the correlation between number of aftercare sessions and recidivism approached significance.

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Oueslati, B., M. Ali, and R. Ridha. "Predicting offense recidivism in Schizophrenia patients." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S589—S590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.900.

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IntroductionSchizophrenia increases the risk of offending. Recidivism rates are significant.AimIdentifying general and violent recidivism risk factors in schizophrenia patients.MethodsWe conducted a case control study. All included patients were admitted, at least once, to the forensic psychiatry department in Razi Hospital between January 1st, 1985 and December 31st, 2014 after a decision of irresponsibility by reason of insanity. All those who reoffended during this period were considered as cases. A draw was performed to create the control group. Both groups were matched according to their

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