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Journal articles on the topic 'General social strain theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Moon, Byongook, and Merry Morash. "Gender and General Strain Theory." Youth & Society 49, no. 4 (2016): 484–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x14541877.

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The present study of 659 Korean adolescents tests General Strain Theory’s (GST) utility in explaining gender differences in delinquency causation. It models the effects of key strains, negative emotions, and a composite measure of several conditioning factors separately for boys and girls and for delinquency. Consistent with the theory, males and females experience different strains and different emotions in response, and they vary in influences hypothesized to alter the connections of strains or emotions to delinquency. Strains that males experience more than females are significantly related to their violent and property delinquency, and those concentrated among females explain their status offending. For boys, family conflict influences different types of delinquency and examination-related strain predicts violent and status offending. The empirical research suggested that GST falls short in explaining boys’ and girls’ property and status offending, and in showing how a composite measure of conditioning factors act as a moderator in explaining their delinquency.

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Eitle, David, and Tamela McNulty Eitle. "General Strain Theory and Delinquency." Youth & Society 48, no. 4 (2013): 470–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x13499593.

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3

Capowich, George E., Paul Mazerolle, and Alex Piquero. "General strain theory, situational anger, and social networks." Journal of Criminal Justice 29, no. 5 (2001): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(01)00101-5.

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4

DeLisi, Matt. "How general is general strain theory?" Journal of Criminal Justice 39, no. 1 (2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.12.003.

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Leeper Piquero, Nicole, and Miriam D. Sealock. "Race, Crime, and General Strain Theory." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8, no. 3 (2010): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204009361174.

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A key criminological observation is the overrepresentation of minorities—especially African Americans—in the criminal justice system. Whether this difference is due to differential enforcement by the criminal justice system, differential participation by individuals, or some combination of these two perspectives is a source of much debate and controversy. Unfortunately, few theories have been developed and/or extended to understand race differences in crime. This article applies Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST) as one potentially useful framework. Results indicate that GST variables operated as expected across the different models and that significant differences did emerge across racial groups. Theoretical implications and future research directions are highlighted.

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Mazerolle, Paul, Velmer S. Burton, Francis T. Cullen, T. David Evans, and Gary L. Payne. "Strain, anger, and delinquent adaptations Specifying general strain theory." Journal of Criminal Justice 28, no. 2 (2000): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(99)00041-0.

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7

Park, Ji Su, and Ha Yong Kim. ""Multicultural Juvenile Delinquency in Korea: Application of general strain theory, social bond theory, and social learning theory"." Journal of Adolescent welfare 23, no. 1 (2021): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19034/kayw.2021.23.1.02.

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8

Rocque, Michael. "Strain, coping mechanisms, and slavery: a general strain theory application." Crime, Law and Social Change 49, no. 4 (2008): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-008-9106-8.

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9

Higgins, George E., Nicole L. Piquero, and Alex R. Piquero. "General Strain Theory, Peer Rejection, and Delinquency/Crime." Youth & Society 43, no. 4 (2010): 1272–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x10382032.

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The development of general strain theory (GST) has led to a renewed focus on the influence of negative life experiences on antisocial behavior. Although a number of studies have generated an impressive array of support for the theory, several avenues remain open for research. In this article, we examine how a specific noxious stimuli, peer rejection, relates to delinquency/crime, and the degree of shared relation among peer rejection and delinquency/crime. Using data from a national sample of 413 children and adolescents, analyses indicated two highly stable trajectories of peer rejection and three trajectories of delinquency/crime, that peer rejection and delinquency/crime were not strongly related in general, but a joint analysis of their relationship revealed that high peer rejection was related to high delinquency/crime among males but not among females. Implications and directions for future research are highlighted.

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10

Froggio, Giacinto. "Strain and Juvenile Delinquency: A Critical Review of Agnew's General Strain Theory." Journal of Loss and Trauma 12, no. 4 (2007): 383–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325020701249363.

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Johnson, Matthew C., and Glen A. Kercher. "ADHD, strain, and criminal behavior: a test of general strain theory." Deviant Behavior 28, no. 2 (2007): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620601130992.

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12

Piquero, Nicole Leeper, Kristan Fox, Alex R. Piquero, George Capowich, and Paul Mazerolle. "Gender, General Strain Theory, Negative Emotions, and Disordered Eating." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 39, no. 4 (2009): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9466-0.

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13

De Coster, Stacy, and Lisa Kort-Butler. "How General Is General Strain Theory? Assessing Determinacy and Indeterminacy across Life Domains." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 43, no. 4 (2006): 297–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427806291272.

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14

Liu, Lin, Christy A. Visher, and Daniel J. O’Connell. "Strain During Reentry: A Test of General Strain Theory Using a Sample of Adult Former Prisoners." Prison Journal 101, no. 4 (2021): 420–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00328855211029652.

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The majority of reentry studies focus on identifying different dimensions of reentry needs among released prisoners. Less explored is the mechanism by which unfulfilled reentry needs cause reentry failure. Applying the general strain theoretical perspective, this study aims to use an emotional and psychological prism to explain why released prisoners are likely to experience reentry failure when their reentry needs are not met. Findings demonstrate that the strains from financial difficulty and family neglect are positively associated with post-release criminal propensity, and depression noticeably mediated the effects of strains. Implications for correctional policymaking and future research are discussed.

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15

Teijón-Alcalá, Marco, and Christopher Birkbeck. "Victimization, Crime Propensity, and Deviance: A Multinational Test of General Strain Theory." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 35, no. 4 (2019): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219870941.

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General Strain Theory (GST) identifies victimization as one of the strains most strongly related to crime which, like other sources of strain, is moderated by individual and social factors. Recently, Agnew extended the theorization of coping strategies by proposing that the effects of strain on deviance are conditioned by individual and social factors in combination, rather than singly, which he labeled crime propensity. Tests of the propensity hypothesis have so far yielded mixed results, highlighting the value of additional studies. Whereas previous tests have focused on single countries, either in North America or Asia, we test the propensity hypothesis using data on adolescents in 25 countries collected through the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3; n = 57,760). A series of ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions show that the relationship between victimization and delinquency/substance use is conditioned by the effects of individuals’ crime propensity, thereby supporting the recent extension to GST.

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Warner, Barbara D., and Shannon K. Fowler. "Strain and violence: Testing a general strain theory model of community violence." Journal of Criminal Justice 31, no. 6 (2003): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2003.08.006.

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Pérez, Deanna M., Wesley G. Jennings, and Angela R. Gover. "Specifying General Strain Theory: An Ethnically Relevant Approach." Deviant Behavior 29, no. 6 (2008): 544–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620701839385.

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18

de Beeck, Hanne Op, Lieven J. R. Pauwels, and Johan Put. "Schools, strain and offending: Testing a school contextual version of General Strain Theory." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 1 (2012): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370811421646.

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Based on the idea that schools are important socializing settings for adolescents (Gottfredson, 2001), the school contextual version of General Strain Theory (Agnew, 1999) is tested in this article. The main hypothesis of this study is that strain at the school level affects individual offending by creating individual strain. Findings suggest that school contextual effects differ: convincing contextual effects are found for violent offending but not for general offending. Furthermore, although the school mean level of strain does significantly affect individual violent offending, this effect does not proceed by creating individual strain. It is therefore suggested that the school mean level of strain either has a direct effect on violent offending or influences other important individual offending mechanisms such as social learning or lifestyle risks.

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19

Ko, Soon Chung, Seung Hyun Lee, and Chang Han Lee. "A Study of Social Bonding Theory, General Strain Theory, and Social Learning Theories on the Substance Abuse of Adolescent." Korean Association of Police Science Review 21, no. 3 (2019): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24055/kaps.21.3.1.

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20

Iratzoqui, Amaia. "A Gendered Model of Lifetime Experiences of Strain." Youth & Society 52, no. 2 (2017): 166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x17736328.

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Criminological literature has examined the potential for gendered pathways of offending, while also recognizing the gendered risk for victimization. General strain theory explicitly recognizes this gendered risk as strains that structure differences in these experiences for males and females. The current article tests the longitudinal risk for different sources of strain using a general strain model and gendered factors that shape differences between males and females. The results suggest that strains like childhood maltreatment, adolescent adversity, and adult intimate partner victimization as predictors of deviant behaviors can be explained within a general strain argument, but both similarities in the theoretical variables employed in the models and differences in the pathways between these experiences are evident across gender.

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Eitle, David, and John Taylor. "General Strain Theory, BIS/BAS Levels, and Gambling Behavior." Deviant Behavior 32, no. 1 (2010): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620903415992.

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22

Kölbel, Ralf, and Nico Herold. "Whistle-Blowing from the Perspective of General Strain Theory." Deviant Behavior 40, no. 2 (2017): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1411054.

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23

Wang, Xin, Jinwu Zhang, Xiaoxiang Wang, and Jianhong Liu. "Intervening Paths From Strain to Delinquency Among High School and Vocational School Students in China." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 1 (2019): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19856513.

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Chinese education system comprises high schools and vocational school, and their differences on delinquency have seldom been investigated. From the perspective of general strain theory, the present study examined the differences among high school and vocational school students for delinquency, strain, and other explanatory variables. General strain theory delineates the effect of strain on delinquency or deviance and presents the paths from strain to delinquency or deviance through social control and social learning variables. Using a sample of 1,852 tenth-grade students in Guangzhou City, the present study tests the intervening paths from strains to deviance among high school and vocational school students. Results indicated that vocational school students have higher likelihood to be strained and delinquent, and have lower social control and higher interactions with delinquent peers. School type is a significant predictor for strain, as well as social control and delinquent peers.

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Huck, Jennifer L., Jason D. Spraitz, James H. Bowers, and Camie S. Morris. "Connecting Opportunity and Strain to Understand Deviant Behavior: A Test of General Strain Theory." Deviant Behavior 38, no. 9 (2016): 1009–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2016.1237827.

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May, David C., Shelley Keith, Nicole E. Rader, and R. Gregory Dunaway. "Predicting Adolescent Fear of Crime Through the Lens of General Strain Theory." Sociological Focus 48, no. 2 (2015): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2015.1007435.

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26

Barlett, Christopher P., Alexis Rinker, and Brendan Roth. "Cyberbullying perpetration in the COVID-19 era: An application of general strain theory." Journal of Social Psychology 161, no. 4 (2021): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2021.1883503.

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Gao, Yunjiao, and Dennis S. W. Wong. "Strains and Delinquency of Migrant Adolescents in China: An Investigation From the Perspective of General Strain Theory." Youth & Society 50, no. 4 (2015): 506–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x15611308.

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Migrant youth are widely considered to engage in more delinquency than their local counterparts because they experience more strains, but few studies have empirically examined the delinquency of migrant adolescents in China. This study applied data of 496 local and 667 migrant adolescents in Shenzhen, China, and examined the effect of migrant status on delinquency and the mechanism of how strains contribute to delinquency. The study found that migrant adolescents, compared with their local counterparts, generally did not engage in higher levels of delinquency despite experiencing higher levels of strains. The pathways to delinquency under strains were similar between the two groups, which were partially mediated by weakening social control and increasing delinquent peer affiliation. The findings of this study challenge the migrant–delinquency link in the dominant Chinese discourse and suggest that migrant adolescents are not necessarily more deviant compared with local adolescents.

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Park, Yeoju, and Christi Metcalfe. "Bullying Victimization as a Strain: Examining Changes in Bullying Victimization and Delinquency among Korean Students from a Developmental General Strain Theory Perspective." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57, no. 1 (2019): 31–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427819866873.

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Objectives: Using a developmental extension of Agnew’s general strain theory (GST), the current study aims to assess the within-individual associations between bullying victimization and delinquency, as well as the recent versus enduring effects of bullying victimization experiences and the moderating influences of several risk factors. Method: Random effects Tobit models are conducted to examine the relationship between changes in bullying victimization and five forms of delinquency using five waves from the Korean Youth Panel Survey. A measure calculating the duration of consecutive bullying experiences is introduced into these models to capture the enduring effects of this strain, and margins analyses are used to assess moderating influences. Results: There is a positive relationship between experiencing a bullying event and delinquency, and this relationship is stronger at higher levels of risk factors. Moreover, bullying victimization over consecutive years has a consistent harmful effect with regard to analogous behavior and violence and theft, as opposed to a diminishing effect for overall delinquency, substance use, and bullying. Conclusions: While there is support for many of the propositions of GST, there are some inconsistences regarding the duration effects. The findings suggest the need for further assessments of the temporal patterns of strains.

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Martinez, Brandon C. "General Strain Theory, Religiosity, and Delinquency among Young Latino Americans." Deviant Behavior 38, no. 11 (2016): 1223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2016.1246031.

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Eitle, David. "General strain theory, persistence, and desistance among young adult males." Journal of Criminal Justice 38, no. 6 (2010): 1113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.08.003.

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Madore, Alexandre. "Anders Breivik." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 10 (October 15, 2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v10i0.4511.

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This analysis considers the importance of general strain theory (GST) in understanding contemporary far-right movements and violence involving white heterosexual men. General strain theory describes how objective and subjective strains can contribute to antisocial behaviours including terrorism. The mass murder committed by Anders Breivik in July 2011 in Norway will be considered as an application of this theory to terrorism. The analysis remains relevant, as evidenced by the most recent 2019 New Zealand mosque terrorism incidents. It begins with an overview of Breivik’s turbulent childhood and adulthood, marked by isolation and failed business ventures. Next, an outline of the July 2011 Norway attacks provides further context. After providing a detailed exploration of these attacks, this analysis will consider general strain theory in relation to the situation outlined above and it will be argued that perceived subjective and objective strain contributed to Breivik’s actions. More specifically, the subjective strains he experienced included social isolation and poor parental relationships. Conversely, objective strains provide an analysis of how Anders Breivik and others like him perceive their privileged position as being strained by migration and increasingly liberal gender norms. This analysis concludes with suggesting a role for social work in deescalating far right movements in Western liberal democracies.

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Patchin, Justin W., and Sameer Hinduja. "Traditional and Nontraditional Bullying Among Youth: A Test of General Strain Theory." Youth & Society 43, no. 2 (2010): 727–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x10366951.

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Bullying at school is a common problem facing youth, school officials, and parents. A significant body of research has detailed the serious consequences associated with bullying victimization. Recently, however, a new permutation has arisen and arguably become even more problematic. Cyberbullying, as it has been termed, occurs when youth use technology as an instrument to harass their peers—via email, in chat rooms, on social networking Web sites, and with text messaging through their computer or cell phone. The current study seeks to shed light on the potential causes of both variants of adolescent aggression by employing the arguments of Agnew’s (1992) general strain theory as a guiding framework. Results suggest that those who experience strain are more likely to participate in both traditional and nontraditional forms of bullying. Implications of these findings and suggestions for further research in this growing area of study are also discussed.

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Baker, Thomas, and William V. Pelfrey. "Bullying Victimization, Social Network Usage, and Delinquent Coping in a Sample of Urban Youth: Examining the Predictions of General Strain Theory." Violence and Victims 31, no. 6 (2016): 1021–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00154.

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Guided by the propositions of general strain theory, this study examines the impact of experienced and anticipated strains on the delinquent coping of adolescents while accounting for the usage of social networking sites. Specifically, this study uses self-report survey data collected from 3,195 middle and high school students in a single Midwest city in the United States to explore the effect of experiencing the strains of traditional bullying victimization and cyberbullying victimization on adolescents self-reported soft drug use, hard drug use, and weapon carrying behavior. These relationships are explored among both frequent and infrequent users of social networking sites. Results indicate that cyberbullying victimization and the anticipated strain of feeling unsafe at or on the way to or from school are significantly and positively associated with all three mechanisms of delinquent coping among both frequent and infrequent social network users.

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Niño, Michael, Gabe Ignatow, and Tianji Cai. "Social Isolation, Strain, and Youth Violence." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (2016): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016636435.

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This article examines the relationship between types of social isolation and violent delinquency. Deriving hypotheses from elements of general strain theory, we test whether the isolation–violence relationship varies across different types of isolated youth when compared to sociable youth. We also test whether other negative experiences and circumstances (types of social strain) associated with adolescence moderate the relationship between isolation types and violent delinquency. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that different types of social isolation had varying effects on violent delinquency. Socially disinterested youth show a greater capacity for violent behavior, but other types of marginalized youth showed no difference in violence when compared to sociable youth. Results also demonstrate that some types of strain moderate the isolation–violence relationship. The implications of these findings for research on peer relations, adolescent strain, and violence are discussed.

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TYGART, CLARENCE E. "Strain Theory and Public School Vandalism." Youth & Society 20, no. 1 (1988): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x88020001006.

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Mubarak, AR, and Steve Quinn. "General strain theory of Internet addiction and deviant behaviour in social networking sites (SNS)." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 17, no. 1 (2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-08-2016-0024.

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Purpose This study aims to explore the association between internet addiction and problem behaviours on social networking sites (SNS) using the general strain theory (Agnew, 1992). Design/methodology/approach Using the purposive sampling method, a survey was conducted, which collected data from 414 college students studying in two public universities in South Australia. The Delphi method was used to develop the questionnaire used for the survey. Findings 'Results of this research indicated a significant association between internet addiction and problem behaviours on SNS. Respondents who had engaged in problem behaviours on SNS had high internet addiction test scores (Young, 1998). On the basis of this finding, the present research argues that the general strains associated with the suffering of newly emerging challenges such as internet addiction might contribute to victimisation and deviant and problem behaviours on SNS in specific and possibly in cyberspace in general. Research limitations/implications Results of the present study need to be interpreted cautiously due to many limitations it has. This research is a cross-sectional study, which might not adequately explain the associations between internet addiction and problem behaviours on SNS. Longitudinal studies involving larger samples might have added significant value to this study. The present study uses purposive sampling technique, which has limited its generalizability, and its findings may not be generalised to large populations. Originality/value Limited information is available pertaining to the association between problem behaviours on SNS and internet addiction. The present study is a pioneering effort, which argues that rapid popularity of SNS is likely to increase internet addiction and the frustration of not getting proper treatment for their internet addiction might lead to deviant behaviours on SNS.

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Baron, Stephen W. "Street Youth, Gender, Financial Strain, and Crime: Exploring Broidy and Agnew's Extension to General Strain Theory." Deviant Behavior 28, no. 3 (2007): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620701233217.

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38

Agnew, Robert. "When Criminal Coping is Likely: An Extension of General Strain Theory." Deviant Behavior 34, no. 8 (2013): 653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.766529.

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Scheuerman, Heather L. "The relationship between injustice and crime: A general strain theory approach." Journal of Criminal Justice 41, no. 6 (2013): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.019.

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Scheuerman, Heather L. "Clarifying Criminological and Social Psychological Theory: A Second Look at the Relationship between Injustice and General Strain Theory." Sociology Compass 8, no. 2 (2014): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12121.

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Bishopp, Stephen A., John Worrall, and Nicole Leeper Piquero. "General strain and police misconduct: the role of organizational influence." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 4 (2016): 635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0122.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the utility of general strain theory in explaining the relationship between organizational stress and police deviance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a non-random sample of 1,389 police officers in three large cities in Texas. The survey instrument used for this research was the Police Work Experience Survey. Results from regression analyses are presented. Findings Findings showed that the organization influenced police misconduct, but misconduct was dependent upon the specific type of strain encountered. Research limitations/implications Results show that instances of police deviance depend on the types of strains encountered. Additionally, anger plays a significant role when examining organizational strain. Police administrators should move to reduce organizational strains to reduce instances of police misconduct. Originality/value Currently, there is very little theoretical work in understanding police misconduct. And no studies have drawn linkages between organizational stressors and self-reported officer misconduct. At a time when police behavior is at the forefront of the social policy reform, the examination of potential correlates of police misconduct is the first step toward controlling it.

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Weller, Bridget E., Natasha K. Bowen, and Gary L. Bowen. "Linking students to appropriate interventions: A typology for social workers based on general strain theory." Journal of Social Work 13, no. 4 (2012): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017311435446.

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Ash-Houchen, William, and Celia C. Lo. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Illicit Substance Use: A Temporal-Ordered Test of General Strain Theory." Journal of Drug Issues 50, no. 2 (2020): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042620904707.

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This longitudinal study applied general strain theory to elaborate specific stressful events’ lagged effects on risk of illicit substance use among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic adolescents, and relatedly evaluated the moderating role of race/ethnicity in explaining illicit use. Data were drawn from five waves representing 9 years (2002–2010) of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), totaling 16,868 person-waves, and we engaged temporal ordering and generalized estimating equations (GEE) for panel data in STATA for data analysis. Results showed specific events affected risk of illicit substance use differentially across racial/ethnic groups. Strains commonly encountered in disorganized spaces affected non-Hispanic White’s risk. Measured strains did not affect non-Hispanic Black respondents and findings for Hispanic respondents point to the family as a possible strain. Results indicated legal drug use and depression increased risk of illicit use greatly. Race/ethnicity’s role in illicit use’s associations with several variables illustrates differential implications for racial/ethnic groups in policy and preventive interventions.

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Carson, Dena C., Christopher J. Sullivan, John K. Cochran, and Kim M. Lersch. "General Strain Theory and the Relationship Between Early Victimization and Drug Use." Deviant Behavior 30, no. 1 (2008): 54–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620802050023.

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Cullen, Francis T., James D. Unnever, Jennifer L. Hartman, Michael G. Turner, and Robert Agnew. "Gender, Bullying Victimization, and Juvenile Delinquency: A Test of General Strain Theory." Victims & Offenders 3, no. 4 (2008): 346–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564880802338468.

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46

Descormiers, Karine, Martin Bouchard, and Ray Corrado. "STRAIN, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND ACCESS TO LUCRATIVE CRIME OPPORTUNITIES." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 1/2 (2011): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs21/220115428.

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<p>General strain theory (GST) posits that the experience of strains cause negative emotions that individuals try to alleviate through various strategies, including delinquency. GST predicts that the choice of delinquency as a coping solution will be more likely in certain conditions, including those where criminal opportunities are more abundant. The current study considers the role of strain as a direct predictor of lucrative criminal opportunities. Because we are specifically interested in lucrative, as opposed to routine criminal opportunities, our theoretical framework is also informed by research on criminal achievement which posits that offenders with more social capital are more likely to make money out of crime. Drawing from a sample of 170 juvenile offenders incarcerated in British Columbia, our results show that strain experiences are significantly associated with daily access to lucrative criminal opportunities, even after controlling for other factors, including negative emotions such as anger. Our results also indicate that criminal social capital &ndash; that is, the ability and willingness to collaborate with co-offenders in criminal pursuits &ndash; is strongly associated to access to lucrative criminal opportunities. The number of delinquent peers, however, did not emerge as a significant predictor. Theoretical and empirical implications for understanding and preventing juvenile delinquency are discussed.</p>

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Abrutyn, Seth. "Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration." European Journal of Sociology 60, no. 01 (2019): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975619000043.

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AbstractThough anomie is one of sociology’s most unique conceptual contributions, its progenitor, Emile Durkheim, was notably ambiguous about its meaning. Consequently, its use in contemporary sociology has varied wildly. In part, the confusion surrounding anomie stems from Durkheim’s insistence that it iscausedbyderegulation, which has resisted operationalization. Nevertheless, careful consideration of the “four faces” of anomie most prominent in the sociological canon—that is, (1) the anomic division of labor, (2) anomic suicide, (3) Mertonian strain, and (4) the micro-level symbolic-cultural versions—reveals that disruption and disintegration, rather than deregulation, are the common threads woven through each. Drawing from this insight, a new theoretical conceptualization for anomie is offered that defines it as (a) a social psychological force operating at both the (b) individual- or “meso”/corporate unit-level of social reality that results from (c) chronic or acutedisruptionsthat, in turn, generate (d) real or imagined disintegrative pressures. Furthermore, disruptions are not only predicated on the real or imagined loss of social ties (dissolution), but also on the real or imagined loss of attachment to a coherent social reality (disjunction) and/or physical space (dislocation). This recalibration allows anomie to enter into deeper dialogue with a wide range of other phenomena that may in fact share some overlapping elements with anomie related to the pain of potentially losing cherished social relationships and the motivation toward self-harm, anti-socialandeven pro-social behaviors to escape this social pain.

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Stanojoska, Angelina, and Julija Jurtoska. "Testing Agnew’s General Strain Theory Among Incarcerated Women in the Republic of North Macedonia." International Annals of Criminology 57, no. 1-2 (2019): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2020.7.

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AbstractWhat is the purpose of our study? Being written on a social–psychological level, general strain theory (GST) has been tested among adolescent populations. However, what has been very rarely analysed is the response to strain by different types of offenders and diverse populations. This study is even more valuable if we mention that until the beginning of our research, GST or any other criminological theory had not been tested on any population in the Republic of North Macedonia. Why study an incarcerated population? This population has neglected needs, inhumane living conditions, overcrowded penitentiary institutions, high levels of recidivism and poor use of alternative measures. The experience of incarcerated women is generally less known compared with those of incarcerated men; they have a low level of participation in the total number of crimes in the country, and there is a lack of criminological research on female criminality in general. The data collected focused on the influence of strain and negative emotions on the level of criminality. The results should help us to answer whether strain leads to negative emotions; then does strain influence female criminality and its level; and do negative emotions intermediate in between strain and the level of criminality?

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Isom Scott, Deena A., and Jessica M. Grosholz. "Unpacking the Racial Disparity in Crime from a Racialized General Strain Theory Perspective." Deviant Behavior 40, no. 12 (2018): 1445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2018.1519127.

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Ostrowsky, Michael K., and Steven F. Messner. "Explaining crime for a young adult population: An application of general strain theory." Journal of Criminal Justice 33, no. 5 (2005): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.06.004.

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