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Journal articles on the topic 'Generalization (psychology)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Chapanis, Alphonse. "Some Generalizations about Generalization." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 30, no. 3 (1988): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088803000301.

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Three fallacies about generalization are that so-called basic research is more generalizable than applied research, that general findings are immediately useful for design purposes, and that the use of taxonomies increases the generalizability of human factors studies. Some factors that limit generalizability are the use of unrepresentative subjects, insufficient training subjects receive before measurements are begun, inadequate sampling of tasks and situations, inappropriate selection of dependent variables, long-term changes in the world of work, and artifacts attributable to the measuremen

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2

Bryant, Gregory A., and David J. Buller. "On Hasty Generalization about Evolutionary Psychology." American Journal of Psychology 119, no. 3 (2006): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20445354.

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3

Pyke, S. W., and S. Toukmanian. "A fuzzy generalization." Canadian Psychology 30, no. 1 (1989): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079786.

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4

Allen, L. Dawn, Mary C. Bryant, and Jon S. Bailey. "Facilitating Generalization." Behavior Modification 10, no. 4 (1986): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455860104003.

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5

Aydede, Murat, and Philip Robbins. "Are Frege Cases Exceptions to Intentional Generalizations?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 31, no. 1 (2001): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2001.10717558.

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I IntroductionLet's assume there are psychological generalizations that the folk rely upon in explaining and predicting the behavior of their fellows. Let's further assume these generalizations are intentional, in that they do their explanatory and predictive work by attributing to the subjects in their domain intentional mental states such as beliefs, desires, and the like. Then we can define a broad intentional psychology as one that adverts only to broad, viz. purely denotational/ truth-conditional, mental contents in its generalizations; so the sentences expressing its generalizations shou

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6

KLINE, MELISSA, and KATHERINE DEMUTH. "Syntactic generalization with novel intransitive verbs." Journal of Child Language 41, no. 3 (2013): 543–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000068.

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ABSTRACTTo understand how children develop adult argument structure, we must understand the nature of syntactic and semantic representations during development. The present studies compare the performance of children aged 2;6 on the two intransitive alternations in English: patient (Daddy is cooking the food/The food is cooking) and agent (Daddy is cooking). Children displayed abstract knowledge of both alternations, producing appropriate syntactic generalizations with novel verbs. These generalizations were adult-like in both flexibility and constraint. Rather than limiting their generalizati

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7

Graham, Robert B. "A Computer Tutorial on the Principles of Stimulus Generalization." Teaching of Psychology 25, no. 2 (1998): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2502_21.

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In this article, I describe a computer tutorial that teaches the fundamentals of stimulus generalization in operant learning. The content is appropriate for courses in general psychology, learning, and behavioral programming. Concepts covered include reinforcement, discrimination learning, stimulus continua, generalization, generalization gradients, and peak shift. The tutorial also reviews applications in animal and human situations. Student reaction to this form of presentation was very favorable.

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8

Tessler, Michael Henry, and Noah D. Goodman. "The language of generalization." Psychological Review 126, no. 3 (2019): 395–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000142.

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9

Wong, Alex H. K., and Peter F. Lovibond. "Generalization of extinction of a generalization stimulus in fear learning." Behaviour Research and Therapy 125 (February 2020): 103535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103535.

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10

Kennedy, Robert S., and Janet J. Turnage. "Reliability Generalization: A Viable Key for Establishing Validity Generalization." Perceptual and Motor Skills 72, no. 1 (1991): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.72.1.297.

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11

Eilifsen, Christoffer, and Erik Arntzen. "Mediated Generalization and Stimulus Equivalence." Perspectives on Behavior Science 44, no. 1 (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40614-021-00281-3.

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AbstractFrom the 1930s to the 1970s a large number of experimental studies on mediated generalization were published, and this research tradition provided an important context for early research on stimulus equivalence. Mediated generalization and stimulus equivalence have several characteristics in common, notably that both traditions seek to experimentally investigate derived responding among arbitrarily related stimuli in human participants. Although studies of stimulus equivalence are currently being regularly published, few studies investigate mediated generalization in humans today, and

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12

Whetzel, Deborah L., and Michael A. Mc Daniel. "Reliability of Validity Generalization Data Bases." Psychological Reports 63, no. 1 (1988): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.1.131.

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This paper addresses the usefulness of reporting coder reliability in validity generalization studies. The Principles for the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Instruments of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology state that given the results of meta-analytic studies, validities generalize far more than previously believed; however, users of validity generalization results are required to report the reliability of data entering validity generalization analyses. In response to this concern, reliability coefficients were computed on the validity and sample size between

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13

Davydov, V. V. "The concept of theoretical generalization and problems of educational psychology." Studies in Soviet Thought 36, no. 3 (1988): 169–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01043781.

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14

Kahoe, Richard D. "Human Motivation Defies Easy Generalization." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 30, no. 8 (1985): 646–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/024009.

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15

Staddon, J. E., and Alliston K. Reid. "On the dynamics of generalization." Psychological Review 97, no. 4 (1990): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.97.4.576.

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16

Tarquinio, Nancy, Philip R. Zelazo, Danielle M. Gryspeerdt, and Karen M. Allen. "Generalization of neonatal habituation." Infant Behavior and Development 14, no. 1 (1991): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-6383(91)90056-x.

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17

Struyf, Dieter, Dirk Hermans, and Bram Vervliet. "Maximizing the generalization of fear extinction: Exposures to a peak generalization stimulus." Behaviour Research and Therapy 111 (December 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.09.005.

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18

Stokes, Trevor. "DISCRIMINATION AND GENERALIZATION." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 25, no. 2 (1992): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1992.25-429.

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19

Pigott, H. Edmund, John W. Fantuzzo, and Richard L. Gorsuch. "FURTHER GENERALIZATION TECHNOLOGY: ACCOUNTING FOR NATURAL COVARIATION IN GENERALIZATION ASSESSMENT." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 20, no. 3 (1987): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1987.20-273.

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20

Riley-Tillman, T. Chris, and Tanya L. Eckert. "Generalization Programming and School-Based Consultation: An Examination of Consultees' Generalization of Consultation-Related Skills." Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 12, no. 3 (2001): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532768xjepc1203_03.

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21

Lowry, Mark A., and Thomas L. Whitman. "Generalization of Parenting Skills:." Child & Family Behavior Therapy 11, no. 1 (1989): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j019v11n01_04.

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22

Wong, Alex H. K., Valentina M. Glück, Juliane M. Boschet, and Paula Engelke. "Generalization of extinction with a generalization stimulus is determined by learnt threat beliefs." Behaviour Research and Therapy 135 (December 2020): 103755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103755.

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23

Edelstein, Barry A. "Generalization: Terminological, methodological and conceptual issues." Behavior Therapy 20, no. 3 (1989): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(89)80052-8.

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24

Dowd, Emma Wu, Stephen R. Mitroff, and Kevin S. LaBar. "Fear generalization gradients in visuospatial attention." Emotion 16, no. 7 (2016): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000197.

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25

James, Lawrence R., Robert G. Demaree, and Stanley A. Mulaik. "A note on validity generalization procedures." Journal of Applied Psychology 71, no. 3 (1986): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.440.

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26

Smith, Ronald E. "Generalization Effects in Coping Skills Training." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 21, no. 3 (1999): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.21.3.189.

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An important consideration in coping skills training is the extent to which acquired skills generalize to other life domains. For example, sport-oriented performance enhancement skills are often regarded as “life skills” that can also facilitate adaptation in other areas of life. Moreover, task-specific increases in self-efficacy produced by coping skills training could generalize to broader self-referent cognitive domains and affect global personality traits such as self-esteem and locus of control. The concept of generalization is analyzed, and factors and procedures that influence the stren

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27

McCormack, T., J. H. Wearden, M. C. Smith, and G. D. A. Brown. "Episodic temporal generalization: A developmental study." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 58, no. 4 (2005): 693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000250.

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Groups of 5-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and adults completed either an episodic temporal generalization task, in which no stimuli were repeated, or a repeated standard temporal generalization task, in which there was a fixed standard that was repeated on every trial. Significant developmental improvements were found on both tasks. In both tasks, gradients of performance over two different stimulus ranges superimposed well when plotted on the same relative scale. Performance was similar for the adults and 10-year-olds across tasks, but the 5-year-olds performed better on the repeated standard task

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28

Griffiths, Dorothy, Maurice A. Feldman, and Susan Tough. "Programming generalization of social skills in adults with developmental disabilities: Effects on generalization and social validity." Behavior Therapy 28, no. 2 (1997): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(97)80046-9.

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29

Okouchi, Hiroto, Satoshi Nakamura, Sota Watanabe, and Kennon A. Lattal. "Stimulus generalization of behavioral history: Interspecies generality and persistence of generalization gradients." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 116, no. 1 (2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.702.

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30

Tenenbaum, Joshua B., and Thomas L. Griffiths. "Some specifics about generalization." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 4 (2001): 762–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01780089.

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We address two kinds of criticisms of our Bayesian framework for generalization: those that question the correctness or the coverage of our analysis, and those that question its intrinsic value. Speaking to the first set, we clarify the origins and scope of our size principle for weighting hypotheses or features, focusing on its potential status as a cognitive universal; outline several variants of our framework to address additional phenomena of generalization raised in the commentaries; and discuss the subtleties of our claims about the relationship between similarity and generalization. Spe

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31

Poppen, Roger, Harold B. Hanson, and Sau-Mei Vitti Ip. "Generalization of EMG biofeedback training." Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 13, no. 3 (1988): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00999172.

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32

Linne, Roman, Tina Glaser, Katrin Pum, and Gerd Bohner. "Lateral Attitude Change: Stalking the Elusive Displacement Effect." Social Cognition 38, no. 4 (2020): 324–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.4.324.

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Recent theorizing (Glaser et al., 2015, Personality and Social Psychology Review) distinguishes two types of lateral attitude change (LAC): generalization, where explicit attitude change toward a focal object transfers to lateral (= related) objects, and displacement, where only lateral (but not focal) attitudes change. Three experiments tested the hypothesis that generalization versus displacement effects depend on acceptance versus rejection of focal attitude change. Participants (total n = 471) read positive and negative ratings of different products that served as focal attitude objects. S

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33

Gawronski, Bertram, Robert J. Rydell, Bram Vervliet, and Jan De Houwer. "Generalization versus contextualization in automatic evaluation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 139, no. 4 (2010): 683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020315.

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34

Scott, Terrance M., and C. Michael Nelson. "Confusion and Failure in Facilitating Generalized Social Responding in the School Setting: Sometimes 2 + 2 = 5." Behavioral Disorders 23, no. 4 (1998): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874299802300406.

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Although social skills instruction is widely cited as an effective intervention for a variety of problem behaviors, research does not support the generalization of its effects across settings. Practices that have been sufficient to achieve generalization in academic instruction have been insufficient in achieving similar outcomes for social instruction. Historical confusion and failure in facilitating generalized behaviors can be attributed to the complexity of the social environment. Due to the complexity of this problem, those who provide social skills instruction must adapt best practices f

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35

Lawson, Chris A., and Charles W. Kalish. "Sample selection and inductive generalization." Memory & Cognition 37, no. 5 (2009): 596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/mc.37.5.596.

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36

Seger, Carol A., and Erik J. Peterson. "Categorization=decision making+generalization." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 37, no. 7 (2013): 1187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.015.

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37

Rehder, Bob. "Causal-Based Property Generalization." Cognitive Science 33, no. 3 (2009): 301–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01015.x.

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38

Stathi, Sofia, Richard J. Crisp, and Michael A. Hogg. "Imagining intergroup contact enables member-to-group generalization." Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 15, no. 3 (2011): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023752.

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39

Swan, Anna J., Matthew M. Carper, and Philip C. Kendall. "In Pursuit of Generalization: An Updated Review." Behavior Therapy 47, no. 5 (2016): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2015.11.006.

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40

Thomas, Hoben. "A likelihood-based model for validity generalization." Journal of Applied Psychology 75, no. 1 (1990): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.13.

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41

Howard, Judith A., and B. Douglas Leber. "Socializing Attribution: Generalization to "Real" Social Environments1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 18, no. 8 (1988): 664–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1988.tb00044.x.

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42

Enzle, Michael E., Edward F. Wright, and Isabel M. Redondo. "Cross-task generalization of intrinsic motivation effects." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 28, no. 1 (1996): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0008-400x.28.1.19.

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43

Fischer, Kurt W., and Michael Jeffrey Farrar. "Generalizations About Generalization: How a Theory of Skill Development Explains Both Generality and Specificity." International Journal of Psychology 22, no. 5-6 (1987): 643–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207598708246798.

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44

Rescorla, Robert A. "Stimulus generalization of excitation and inhibition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59, no. 1 (2006): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210500162094.

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45

Wheeler, Daniel S., Jeffrey C. Amundson, and Ralph R. Miller. "Generalization Decrement in Human Contingency Learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59, no. 7 (2006): 1212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210600576342.

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46

Wearden, J. H. "Temporal generalization in humans." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 18, no. 2 (1992): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.18.2.134.

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47

Okouchi, Hiroto. "STIMULUS GENERALIZATION OF BEHAVIORAL HISTORY." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 80, no. 2 (2003): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2003.80-173.

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48

Crowley, Michael A., and John W. Donahoe. "MATCHING: ITS ACQUISITION AND GENERALIZATION." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 82, no. 2 (2004): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2004.82-143.

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49

Vorotynskiy, B. I. "A. N. Bernshtein. New insight in the theory of perception. Questions of philosophy and psychology. 1898, January-February." Neurology Bulletin VI, no. 2 (2020): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb48663.

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The author emphasizes the fact that for psychology, a particularly dangerous moment is the fragmentation into the development of its special tasks and the isolation of separate studies without comprehensive coverage and expedient generalization of data obtained in various ways. At the present time, psychology has broken down into several special sections, which are developed completely independently and pursue their own specific goals.

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50

Chater, Nick, and Paul M. B. Vitányi. "The generalized universal law of generalization." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 47, no. 3 (2003): 346–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2496(03)00013-0.

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