Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Generalized modified Weibull distribution'

Neste trabalho propomos um modelo de regress~ao utilizando a distribuição Weibull modificado, esta distribuição pode ser usada para modelar dados de sobrevivência quando a de função de risco tem forma de U ou banheira. Assumindo dados censurados, é considerado os estimadores de máxima verossimilhança e Jackknife para os parâmetros do modelo proposto. Foram derivadas as matrizes apropriadas para avaliar influiência local sobre os parâmetros estimados considerando diferentes peturbações e também é apresen- tada alguma medidas de influência global. Para diferentes parâmetros fixados, tamanhos de amostra e porcentagem de censuras, varia simulações foram feitas para avaliar a distribuição empírica do resíduo deviance modificado e comparado coma distribuição normal padrão. Esses estudos sugerem que a distribuição empírica do resíduo devianve modificado para o modelo de regressão log-Weibull modificado com dados censurados aproxima-se de uma dis- tribuição normal padrão. Finalmente analisamos um conjunto de dados utilizando o modelo de regressão log-Weibull modificado. Uma nova distribuição de quatro parâmetros é definida para modelar dados de tempo de vida. Algumas propriedades da distribuição é discutida, assim como ilustramos com exemplos a aplicação dessa nova distribuição. Palavras-chaves: Modelo de regressão; Distribuição Weibull modificada; Distribuição weibull modificada generalizada; Análise de sensibilidade; Dados censurados; Análise de resíduo
In this paperwork are proposed a regression model considering the modified Weibull distribution. This distribution can be used to model bathtub-shaped failure rate functions. Assuming censored data, we consider a classic and Jackknife estimator for the parameters of the model. We derive the appropriate matrices for assessing local influence on the parameter estimates under diferent perturbation schemes and we also present some ways to perform global influence. Besides, for diferent parameter settings, sample sizes and censoring percentages, various simulations are performed and the empirical distribution of the deviance modified residual is displayed and compared with the standard normal distribution. These studies suggest that the residual analysis usually performed in normal linear regression models can be straightforwardly extend for a martingale-type residual in log-modifiedWeibull regression models with censored data. Finally, we analyze a real data set under log-modified Weibull regression models. A diagnostic analysis and a model checking based on the deviance modified residual are performed to select an appropriate model. A new four-parameter distribution is introduced. Various properties the new distribution are discussed. Illustrative examples based on real data are also given.

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In survival analysis, some studies are characterized by having a significant fraction of units that will never suffer the event of interest, even if accompanied by a long period of time. For the analysis of long-term data, we approach the standard mixture model by Berkson & Gage, where we assume the generalized modified Weibull distribution for the lifetime of individuals at risk. This model includes several classes of models as special cases, allowing its use to discriminate models. The standard mixture model implicitly assume that those individuals experiencing the event of interest possess homogeneous risk. Alternatively, we consider the standard mixture model with a frailty term in order to quantify the unobservable heterogeneity among individuals. This model is characterized by the inclusion of a unobservable random variable, which represents information that can not or have not been observed. We assume multiplicative frailty with a gamma distribution. For the lifetime of individuals at risk, we assume the Weibull distribution, obtaining the frailty Weibull standard mixture model. For both models, we realized simulation studies with the purpose of analyzing the frequentists properties of estimation procedures. Applications to real data set showed the applicability of the proposed models in which parameter estimates were determined using the approaches of maximum likelihood and Bayesian.
Em análise de sobrevivência determinados estudos caracterizam-se por apresentar uma fração significativa de unidades que nunca apresentarão o evento de interesse, mesmo se acompanhados por um longo período de tempo. Para a análise de dados com longa duração, abordamos o modelo de mistura padrão de Berkson & Gage supondo que os tempos de vida dos indivíduos em risco seguem distribuição Weibull modificada generalizada. Este modelo engloba diversas classes de modelos como casos particulares, propiciando o uso deste para discriminar modelos. O modelo abordado assume implicitamente que todos os indivíduos que falharam possuem risco homogêneo. Alternativamente, consideramos o modelo de mistura padrão com um termo de fragilidade com o objetivo de quantificar a heterogeneidade não observável entre os indivíduos. Este modelo é caracterizado pela inclusão de uma variável aleatória não observável, que representa as informações que não podem ou que não foram observadas. Assumimos que a fragilidade atua de forma multiplicativa com distribuição gama. Para os tempos de vida dos indivíduos em risco consideramos a distribuição Weibull, obtendo o modelo de mistura padrão Weibull com fragilidade. Para os dois modelos realizamos estudos de simulação com o objetivo de analisar as propriedades frequentistas dos processos de estimação. Aplicações a conjunto de dados reais mostraram a aplicabilidade dos modelos propostos, em que a estimação dos parâmetros foram determinadas através das abordagens de máxima verossimilhança e Bayesiana.

Regression analysis is very popular among researchers in various fields but almost all the researchers use the classical methods which assume that X is nonstochastic and the error is normally distributed. However, in real life problems, X is generally stochastic and error can be nonnormal. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation technique which is known to have optimal features, is very problematic in situations when the distribution of X (marginal part) or error (conditional part) is nonnormal. Modified maximum likelihood (MML) technique which is asymptotically giving the estimators equivalent to the ML estimators, gives us the opportunity to conduct the estimation and the hypothesis testing procedures under nonnormal marginal and conditional distributions. In this study we show that MML estimators are highly efficient and robust. Moreover, the test statistics based on the MML estimators are much more powerful and robust compared to the test statistics based on least squares (LS) estimators which are mostly used in literature. Theoretically, MML estimators are asymptotically minimum variance bound (MVB) estimators but simulation results show that they are highly efficient even for small sample sizes. In this thesis, Weibull and Generalized Logistic distributions are used for illustration and the results given are based on these distributions. As a future study, MML technique can be utilized for other types of distributions and the procedures based on bivariate data can be extended to multivariate data.

En fiabilité et en analyse de survie, les distributions qui ont une fonction de hasard unimodale ne sont pas nombreuses, qu'on peut citer: Gaussienne inverse ,log-normale, log-logistique, de Birnbaum-Saunders, de Weibull exponentielle et de Weibullgénéralisée. Dans cette thèse, nous développons les tests modifiés du Chi-deux pour ces distributions tout en comparant la distribution Gaussienne inverse avec les autres. Ensuite nousconstruisons le modèle AFT basé sur la distribution Gaussienne inverse et les systèmes redondants basés sur les distributions de fonction de hasard unimodale
In reliability and survival analysis, distributions that have a unimodalor $\cap-$shape hazard rate function are not too many, they include: the inverse Gaussian,log-normal, log-logistic, Birnbaum-Saunders, exponential Weibull and power generalized Weibulldistributions. In this thesis, we develop the modified Chi-squared tests for these distributions,and we give a comparative study between the inverse Gaussian distribution and the otherdistributions, then we realize simulations. We also construct the AFT model based on the inverseGaussian distribution and redundant systems based on distributions having a unimodal hazard ratefunction

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In order to analyze interventions in repairable systems, the literature contains several methodologies aiming to model the behavior of times between interventions. Such interventions can be modeled by Point Stochastic Processes in order to analyze the probabilistic behavior of times between events. Specifically, the Generalized Renewal Processes allow the study of times between interventions by measuring the quality of each intervention and the response of the system to these interventions — this is done by using the concept of virtual age. In such concept it is possible to apply two kinds of Kijima models (Type I and II). Therefore, this work presents a model capable of study the quality of interventions using up of a mix between the two Kijima models where it is possible to capture the performance on each of these interventions proportionally. Specifically, a new approach to virtual age of Kijima models is presented as well as mathematical properties of the Generalized Renewal Process using the Weibull distribution probability. Finally, the applicability of the model is checked in real data from some problems found in the literature.
Para analisar intervenções em sistemas reparáveis, a literatura apresenta diversas metodologias visando modelar o comportamento de tempos entre intervenções. Tais intervenções podem ser modeladas por Processos Estocásticos Pontuais visando analisar o comportamento probabilístico dos tempos entre eventos. Especificamente, os Processos de Renovação Generalizados permitem o estudo de tempos entre intervenções medindo a qualidade de impacto de cada intervenção e a resposta do sistema a tais intervenções - isto é feito utilizando o conceito de idade virtual. Em tal conceito é possível se aplicar dois tipos de modelos Kijima (tipo I e II).Sendo assim, esse trabalho apresenta um modelo capaz de estudar a qualidade de intervenções utilizando-se de uma mistura entre os dois modelos Kijima onde é possível capturar a atuação de cada um desses sobre as intervenções proporcionalmente. Especificamente, uma nova abordagem sobre a idade virtual dos modelos Kijima é apresentada, bem como propriedades matemáticas dos Processos de Renovação Generalizados utilizando a distribuição de probabilidadeWeibull. Por fim, a aplicabilidade do modelo é verificada em dados reais de alguns problemas presentes na literatura.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Weibull distribution is very popular to model survival data. Many modi cations of the Weibull distribution have been proposed in recent years. Inspired by the notion of generalized gamma-generated family of distribution of Zografos e Balakrishnan, the Generalized Weibull Distributions Class is proposed. A comprehensive treatment of the mathematical properties of some new distribution is provided, expressions giving for the distribution function, density function, hazard function, moment generating function, characteristic function, mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis. Real data sets were modeled showing best ts, according the chosen criteria, were obtained by the new models. Thus for the Generalized Weibull Distributions Class, in spite of having more parameters to be estimated, the algorithms were able to best adjust the survival analysis data.
A distribuição Weibull é muito popular para modelar dados de sobrevida. Muitas modificações da distribuição Weibull foram propostas nos últimos anos. Inspirado pela noção da família gama-generalizada de distribuições de Zografos e Balakrishnan, é proposta, a classe de distribuições Weibull generalizada. Um tratamento compreensivo das propriedades matem áticas de algumas novas distribuições é feita, sendo encontradas as expressões para a função de distribuição, função densidade, função de risco, função geradora de momentos, função característica, m édia, variância, assimetria e curtose. Ajustou-se os novos modelos para conjuntos de dados reais veri cando, pelos critérios de escolha, que os melhores ajustes foram obtidos pelos novos modelos. Dessa forma a classe de distribuições Weibull Generalizada mesmo tendo mais parâmetros a serem estimados, os algoritmos foram capazes de ajustar os dados de análise de sobrevivência.

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This thesis provides a comparison of the accuracies of two methods for fitting a Weibull distribution to a set of aircraft engines time between failure data. One method used is the Maximum Likelihood Method and assumes that these engine failure times are independent. The other method is a Modified Method of Moments procedure and uses the fact that if time to failure T has a Weibull distribution with scale parameter lambda and shape parameter beta, then T(beta) has an exponential distribution with scale parameter lambda(beta). The latter method makes no assumption about independent failure times. A comparison is made from times that are randomly generated with a program. The program generates times in a manner that resembles the way in which engine failures occur in the real world for an engine with three subsystems. These generated operating times between failures for the same engine are not statistically independent. This comparison was extended to real data. Although the two methods gave good fits, the Maximum Likelihood Method produced a better fit than the Modified Method of Moments. Explanations for this fact are analyzed and presented in the conclusions

Progressive Type-II censoring was introduced by Cohen (1963) and has since been the topic of much research. The question stands whether it is sensible to use this sampling plan by design, instead of regular Type-II right censoring. We introduce an asymptotic progressive censoring model, and find optimal censoring schemes for location-scale families. Our optimality criterion is the determinant of the 2x2 covariance matrix of the asymptotic best linear unbiased estimators. We present an explicit expression for this criterion, and conditions for its boundedness. By means of numerical optimization, we determine optimal censoring schemes for the extreme value, the Weibull and the normal distributions. In many situations, it is shown that these progressive schemes significantly improve upon regular Type-II right censoring.

No presente trabalho, e proposto um modelo de regressão utilizando a distribuição gama generalizada exponenciada (GGE) para dados censurados, esta nova distribuição e uma extensão da distribuição gama generalizada. A distribuição GGE (CORDEIRO et al., 2009) que tem quatro parâmetros pode modelar dados de sobrevivência quando a função de risco tem forma crescente, decrescente, forma de U e unimodal. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma expansão natural da distribuição GGE para dados censurados, esta distribuição desperta o interesse pelo fato de representar uma família paramétrica que possui como casos particulares outras distribuições amplamente utilizadas na analise de dados de tempo de vida, como as distribuições gama generalizada (STACY, 1962), Weibull, Weibull exponenciada (MUDHOLKAR et al., 1995, 1996), exponencial exponenciada (GUPTA; KUNDU, 1999, 2001), Rayleigh generalizada (KUNDU; RAKAB, 2005), dentre outras, e mostra-se útil na discriminação entre alguns modelos probabilísticos alternativos. Considerando dados censurados, e abordado o método de máxima verossimilhança para estimar os parâmetros do modelo proposto. Outra proposta deste trabalho e introduzir um modelo de regressão log-gama generalizado exponenciado com efeito aleatório. Por fim, são apresentadas três aplicações para ilustrar a distribuição proposta.
In the present study, we propose a regression model using the exponentiated generalized gama (EGG) distribution for censored data, this new distribution is an extension of the generalized gama distribution. The EGG distribution (CORDEIRO et al., 2009) that has four parameters it can model survival data when the risk function is increasing, decreasing, form of U and unimodal-shaped. In this work comes to a natural expansion of the EGG distribution for censored data, is awake distribution the interest for the fact of representing a parametric family that has, as particular cases, other distributions which are broadly used in lifetime data analysis, as the generalized gama (STACY, 1962), Weibull, exponentiated Weibull (MUDHOLKAR et al., 1995, 1996), exponentiated exponential (GUPTA; KUNDU, 1999, 2001), generalized Rayleigh (KUNDU; RAKAB, 2005), among others, and it is shown useful in the discrimination among some models alternative probabilistics. Considering censored data, the maximum likelihood estimator is considered for the proposed model parameters. Another proposal of this work was to introduce a log-exponentiated generalized gamma regression model with random eect. Finally, three applications were presented to illustrate the proposed distribution.

Let X and Y be two random variables such that Y depends on X=x. This is a very common situation in many real life applications. The problem is to estimate the location and scale parameters in the marginal distributions of X and Y and the conditional distribution of Y given X=x. We are also interested in estimating the regression coefficient and the correlation coefficient. We have a cost constraint for observing X=x, the larger x is the more expensive it becomes. The allowable sample size n is governed by a pre-determined total cost. This can lead to a situation where some of the largest X=x observations cannot be observed (Type II censoring). Two general methods of estimation are available, the method of least squares and the method of maximum likelihood. For most non-normal distributions, however, the latter is analytically and computationally problematic. Instead, we use the method of modified maximum likelihood estimation which is known to be essentially as efficient as the maximum likelihood estimation. The method has a distinct advantage: It yields estimators which are explicit functions of sample observations and are, therefore, analytically and computationally straightforward. In this thesis specifically, the problem is to evaluate the effect of the largest order statistics x(i) (i>
n-r) in a random sample of size n (i) on the mean E(X) and variance V(X) of X, (ii) on the cost of observing the x-observations, (iii) on the conditional mean E(Y|X=x) and variance V(Y|X=x) and (iv) on the regression coefficient. It is shown that unduly large x-observations have a detrimental effect on the allowable sample size and the estimators, both least squares and modified maximum likelihood. The advantage of not observing a few largest observations are evaluated. The distributions considered are Weibull, Generalized Logistic and the scaled Student&rsquo
s t.

In this work, we study the so-called combined models, generalized linear mixed models with extension to allow for overdispersion, in the context of genetics and breeding. Such flexible models accommodates cluster-induced correlation and overdispersion through two separate sets of random effects and contain as special cases the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) on the one hand, and commonly known overdispersion models on the other. We use such models while obtaining heritability coefficients for non-Gaussian characters. Heritability is one of the many important concepts that are often quantified upon fitting a model to hierarchical data. It is often of importance in plant and animal breeding. Knowledge of this attribute is useful to quantify the magnitude of improvement in the population. For data where linear models can be used, this attribute is conveniently defined as a ratio of variance components. Matters are less simple for non-Gaussian outcomes. The focus is on time-to-event and count traits, where the Weibull-Gamma-Normal and Poisson-Gamma-Normal models are used. The resulting expressions are sufficiently simple and appealing, in particular in special cases, to be of practical value. The proposed methodologies are illustrated using data from animal and plant breeding. Furthermore, attention is given to the occurrence of negative estimates of variance components in the Poisson-Gamma-Normal model. The occurrence of negative variance components in linear mixed models (LMM) has received a certain amount of attention in the literature whereas almost no work has been done for GLMM. This phenomenon can be confusing at first sight because, by definition, variances themselves are non-negative quantities. However, this is a well understood phenomenon in the context of linear mixed modeling, where one will have to make a choice between a hierarchical and a marginal view. The variance components of the combined model for count outcomes are studied theoretically and the plant breeding study used as illustration underscores that this phenomenon can be common in applied research. We also call attention to the performance of different estimation methods, because not all available methods are capable of extending the parameter space of the variance components. Then, when there is a need for inference on such components and they are expected to be negative, the accuracy of the method is not the only characteristic to be considered.
Neste trabalho foram estudados os chamados modelos combinados, modelos lineares generalizados mistos com extensão para acomodar superdispersão, no contexto de genética e melhoramento. Esses modelos flexíveis acomodam correlação induzida por agrupamento e superdispersão por meio de dois conjuntos separados de efeitos aleatórios e contem como casos especiais os modelos lineares generalizados mistos (MLGM) e os modelos de superdispersão comumente conhecidos. Tais modelos são usados na obtenção do coeficiente de herdabilidade para caracteres não Gaussianos. Herdabilidade é um dos vários importantes conceitos que são frequentemente quantificados com o ajuste de um modelo a dados hierárquicos. Ela é usualmente importante no melhoramento vegetal e animal. Conhecer esse atributo é útil para quantificar a magnitude do ganho na população. Para dados em que modelos lineares podem ser usados, esse atributo é convenientemente definido como uma razão de componentes de variância. Os problemas são menos simples para respostas não Gaussianas. O foco aqui é em características do tipo tempo-até-evento e contagem, em que os modelosWeibull-Gama-Normal e Poisson-Gama-Normal são usados. As expressões resultantes são suficientemente simples e atrativas, em particular nos casos especiais, pelo valor prático. As metodologias propostas são ilustradas usando dados de melhoramento animal e vegetal. Além disso, a atenção é voltada à ocorrência de estimativas negativas de componentes de variância no modelo Poisson-Gama- Normal. A ocorrência de componentes de variância negativos em modelos lineares mistos (MLM) tem recebido certa atenção na literatura enquanto quase nenhum trabalho tem sido feito para MLGM. Esse fenômeno pode ser confuso a princípio porque, por definição, variâncias são quantidades não-negativas. Entretanto, este é um fenômeno bem compreendido no contexto de modelagem linear mista, em que a escolha deverá ser feita entre uma interpretação hierárquica ou marginal. Os componentes de variância do modelo combinado para respostas de contagem são estudados teoricamente e o estudo de melhoramento vegetal usado como ilustração confirma que esse fenômeno pode ser comum em pesquisas aplicadas. A atenção também é voltada ao desempenho de diferentes métodos de estimação, porque nem todos aqueles disponíveis são capazes de estender o espaço paramétrico dos componentes de variância. Então, quando há a necessidade de inferência de tais componentes e é esperado que eles sejam negativos, a acurácia do método de estimação não é a única característica a ser considerada.

Assumir suposições especiais sobre a função de risco tem sido a estratégia adotada por vários autores, com intuito de garantir modelos gerais e abrangentes, tanto para a análise de dados de sobrevivência quanto de conDabilidade. Neste estudo, modelos aplicados a dados da área de sobrevivência e conDabilidade são considerados. A Dnalidade deste estudo é propor modelos mais Pexíveis e/ou mais abrangentes de forma a generalizar modelos já existentes, bem como estudar suas propriedades e propor possíveis comparações entre os modelos via testes de hipóteses. Considera-se nesta tese, três classes de modelos baseados na função de risco (modelos de risco). A primeira classe apresenta-se como um caso particular do modelo de risco estendido (Louzada-Neto, 1999), formada por modelos que relacionam o parâmetro de escala a covariáveis, sendo que esse relacionamento pode ser considerado log-linear ou log-nãolinear. Considera-se um modelo particular onde a dependência do parâmetro de escala se dá de forma log-não-linear. Na segunda classe considera-se modelos que estão vinculados a dados de riscos competitivos, quando se tem ou não informação sobre qual tipo de risco foi responsável pela falha de um equipamento ou pelo óbito de um paciente. A terceira classe de modelos foi proposta, nesta tese, relacionando o contexto de modelos de longa duração.
Assuming special suppositions for the hazard function have been the strategy used for many authors in order to guarantee general and Pexible models for survival and reliability data. The present thesis considers two classes of hazard models, with the basic objective of proposing more Pexible models, studying their properties and proposing possible comparisons via hypothesis tests. We consider, three families of models where the struture was based in hazard function. The Drst class is a special case of the extented hazard model (Louzada, 1999). This class of models is composed by models with relationship between the scale parameter and the covariates could be log-linear or log-non-linear, we consider the log-non-linear. The second class is into the context of competing risk, where we do not known what kind of risk is responsable for the fail.or death. The third class, proposed in this work refers to a context of long term survivals. All the procedures were ilustrated in real datasets

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A proposta desta dissertação está relacionada com o estudo das principais famílias de distribuições de probabilidade generalizadas. Particularmente, estudamos as distribuições Beta Pareto, Beta Exponencial Generalizada, Beta Weibull Modificada, Beta Fréchet e a Kw-G. Para cada uma delas foram obtidas expressões para as funções densidades de probabilidade, funcões de distribuição acumuladas, funções de taxa de falha, funções geratrizes de momentos, bem como foram obtidos os estimadores dos parâmetros pelo método da máxima verossimilhança. Finalmente, para cada distribuição foram feitas aplicações com dados reais.
The purpose of this dissertation is to study the main families of generalized probability distributions. Particularly we study the distributions Beta Pareto, generalized Beta Exponential, Beta Modified Weibull, Beta Fréchet and Kw-G. For each one of these distributions we obtain expressions for the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, hazard function and moment generating function as well as parameter estimates by the method of maximum likelihood. Finally, we make real data applications for each one of the studied distributions.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur les outils statistiques pour l'évaluation des maxima de charges de sloshing dans les cuves de méthaniers. Selon les caractéristiques du navire, son chargement et les conditions de navigation, un ballotement hydrodynamique est observé à l'intérieur des cuves, phénomène communément appelé sloshing. La détermination des charges qui s'appliquent à la structure est basée sur des mesures de pression d'impact au moyen d'essais sur maquette. Les maxima de pression par impact, extraits des mesures, sont étudiés. La durée d'un essai est équivalente à 5 heures au réel et insuffisante pour déterminer des maxima de pression associés à de grandes périodes de retour (40 ans). Un modèle probabiliste est nécessaire pour extrapoler les maxima de pression. Le modèle usuel est une loi de Weibull. Comme ce sont les valeurs extrêmes des échantillons qui nous intéressent, les ajustements sont aussi effectués par les lois des valeurs extrêmes et de Pareto généralisées via les méthodes de maximum par bloc et d'excès au-dessus d'un seuil.L'originalité du travail repose sur l'emploi d'un système alternatif, plus pertinent pour la capture des maxima de pression et d'une quantité de 480 heures de mesures disponible pour les mêmes conditions d'essai. Cela fournit une distribution de référence pour les maxima de pression et nous permet d'évaluer la pertinence des modèles sélectionnés. Nous insistons sur l'importance d'évaluer la qualité des ajustements par des tests statistiques et de quantifier les incertitudes sur les estimations obtenues. La méthodologie fournie a été implémentée dans un logiciel nommé Stat_R qui facilite la manipulation et le traitement des résultats
This thesis focuses on statistical tools for the assessment of maxima sloshing loads in LNG tanks. According to ship features, tank cargo and sailing conditions, a sloshing phenomenon is observed inside LNG tanks. The determination of sloshing loads supported by the tank structure is derived from impact pressure measurements performed on a test rig. Pressure maxima per impact, extracted from test measurements, are investigated. Test duration is equivalent to 5 hours in full scale. This duration is not sufficient to determine pressure maxima associated with high return periods (40 years). It is necessary to use a probabilistic model in order to extrapolate pressure maxima. Usually, a Weibull model is used. As we focus on extreme values from samples, fittings are also performed with the generalized extreme value distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution using block maximum method and peaks over threshold method.The originality of this work is based on the use of an alternate measurement system which is more relevant than usual measurement system to get pressure maxima and a 480 hours measured data available for same test conditions. This provides a reference distribution for pressure maxima which is used to assess the relevance of the selected probabilistic models. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of fittings quality using statistical tests and to the quantification of uncertainties on estimated values.The provided methodology has been implemented in a software called Stat_R which makes the manipulation and the treatment of results easier

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Neste trabalho fizemos um estudo sobre a classe de distribuições generalizadas exponencializadas, a distribuição Fréchet generalizada e a distribuição Weibull inversa log-generalizada. Obtemos algumas propriedades da distribuição Fréchet generalizada. Uma nova distribuição é proposta: a distribuição log-Fréchet generalizada. Esta distribuição é uma estensão da distribuição Fréchet. Outra proposta deste trabalho é introduzir um modelo de regressão log-Fréchet generalizada com censura Tipo I baseado na distribuição log-Fréchet generalizada.
In this work, we did a research study about the exponentiated generalized class of distributions, the generalized Fréchet distribution and the log-generalized inverse Weibull distribution. We obtain some properties of generalized Fréchet distribution. Furthermore, a new distribution is proposed: the generalized log-Fréchet distribution. This new distribution is an extension of Fréchet distribution. Another propose of this work is to introduce a generalized log-Frechét regression model with Type-I censoringbased on the generalized log-Frechét distribution.

While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond.