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1
Qiao, Chunming, Wei Wei, and Xin Liu. "Extending generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) for polymorphous, agile, and transparent optical networks (PATON)." IEEE Communications Magazine 44, no. 12 (2006): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2006.273106.
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Salcedo Parra, Octavio J., Danilo López, and Cesar A. Hernández. "Evaluación de los protocolos OSPF-TE y BGP en funciones de autodescubrimiento para L1VPN sobre GMPLS." Revista Tecnura 16, no. 33 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.tecnura.2012.3.a09.
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Las tecnologías GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture) conforman un nuevo framework de protocolos, el cual es una versión extendida de MPLS que no solamente realiza las labores MPLS sino que además tiene protocolos especializados para descubrir vecinos, distribuir información de enlace, realizar administración de la topología, realizar administración de rutas, balanceo de cargas, implementar un control centralizado, manejar ancho de banda bajo demanda y así mismo manejar VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) a nivel físico-óptico mediante el uso de los dispositivos ópticos adecuados. En este artículo se evaluan los resultados de una simulación del mecanismo de autodescubrimiento en una VPN de capa uno usando los protocolos OSPF-TE y BGP utilizando como herramienta de simulacion el simulador GLASS(GMPLS Lightwave Agile Switching Simulator). Con esto se pretende dar una visión al lector de todo el potencial de GMPLS como nuevo framework a implementar y, así mismo, realizar un análisis mediante el cual se puedan ver las ventajas y desventajas de utilizar OSPF-TE o BGP como protocolo de autodescubrimiento en una VPN de capa uno para un escenario de red específico.
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Holler, Holger, and Stefan Voß. "Software tools for a multilayer network design." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2005.3.325.
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Today’s long haul and metro high-speed networks are mainly based on synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) or its American equivalent synchronous optical network (SONET) and wavelength division multiplex (WDM). On the other hand, the large amount of traffic growth during the last years has been caused mainly by Internet protocol (IP) traffic. Traditionally, the IP-router based networks and the cross-connect based synchronous networks are often planned and operated separately. However, in line with new developments such as generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS), network providers begin to realize that the convergence of these two worlds promises significant benefits. A set of software tools to support the network designer has been developed and used on various kinds of real world network planning problems arising in the SDH/WDM context. This includes, among others, 1+1 protection planning, static restoration and dual homing issues. These tools are extended with additional features to handle aspects of the IP/SDH interplay in a GMPLS environment. The two main components are an AMPL based integer model (solved via CPLEX) and a heuristic implemented in C++.
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Muñoz, Raül, Ramon Casellas, Ricard Vilalta, and Ricardo Martínez. "Dynamic and Adaptive Control Plane Solutions for Flexi-grid Optical Networks based on Stateful PCE." Journal of Lightwave Technology 32, no. 16 (2016): 2703–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57996.
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Adaptive flexi-grid optical networks should be able to autonomously decide where and when to dynamically setup, reoptimize, and release elastic optical connections, in reaction to network state changes. A stateful path computation element (PCE) is a key element for the introduction of dynamics and adaptation in generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS)-based distributed control plane for flexi-grid DWDM networks (e.g., global concurrent reoptimization, defragmentation, or elastic inverse-multiplexing), as well as for enabling the standardized deployment of the GMPLS control plane in the software defined network control architecture. First, this paper provides an overview of passive and active stateful PCE architectures for GMPLS-enabled flexi-grid DWDM networks. A passive stateful PCE allows for improved path computation considering not only the network state (TED) but also the global connection state label switched paths database (LSPDB), in comparison with a (stateless) PCE. However, it does not have direct control (modification, rerouting) of path reservations stored in the LSPDB. The lack of control of these label switched paths (LSPs) may result in the suboptimal performance. To this end, an active stateful PCE allows for optimal path computation considering the LSPDB for the control of the state (e.g., increase of LSP bandwidth, LSP rerouting) of the stored LSPs. More recently, an active stateful PCE architecture has also been proposed that exposes the capability of setting up and releasing new LSPs. It is known as active stateful PCE with instantiation capabilities. This paper presents the first prototype implementation and experimental evaluation of an active stateful PCE with instantiation capabilities for the GMPLS-controlled flexi-grid DWDM network of the ADRENALINE testbed.
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Vilalta, Ricard, Raül Muñoz, Ramon Casellas, et al. "Multidomain Network Hypervisor for Abstraction and Control of OpenFlow-Enabled Multitenant Multitechnology Transport Networks." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 7, no. 11 (2015): B55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46111.
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A virtualization architecture is presented for deploying multitenant virtual networks on top of multitechnology optical networks. A multidomain network hypervisor (MNH) and a multidomain SDN orchestrator (MSO) are introduced with this purpose. The MNH provides an abstract view of each virtual network and gives control of it to each independent customer SDN controller. The MNH is able to provide virtual networks across heterogeneous control domains (i.e., generalized multiprotocol label switching and OpenFlow) and transport technologies (i.e., optical packet switching and elastic optical networks). The MSO is responsible for providing the necessary end-to-end connectivity. We have designed, implemented, and experimentally evaluated the MNH and MSO in an international testbed across Spain, UK, Germany, and Japan.
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Mayoral, Arturo, Ricard Vilalta, Raül Muñoz, et al. "Control Orchestration Protocol: unified transport API for distributed cloud and network orchestration." JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 9, no. 2 (2017): A216—A222. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.9.00A216.
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In the context of the fifth generation of mobile technology (5G), multiple technologies will converge into a unified end-to-end system. For this purpose, software defined networking (SDN) is proposed, as the control paradigm will integrate all network segments and heterogeneous optical and wireless network technologies together with massive storage and computing infrastructures. The control orchestration protocol is presented as a unified transport application programming interface solution for joint cloud/network orchestration, allowing interworking of heterogeneous control planes to provide provisioning and recovery of quality of service (QoS)-aware end-to-end services. End-to-end QoS is guaranteed by provisioning and restoration schemes, which are proposed for optical circuit/packet switching restoration by means of signal monitoring and adaptive modulation and adaptive route control, respectively. The proposed solution is experimentally demonstrated in an international multi-partner test bed, which consists of a multi-domain transport network comprising optical circuit switching and optical packet switching domains controlled by SDN/OpenFlow and Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control planes and a distributed cloud infrastructure. The results show the dynamic provisioning of IT and network resources and recovery capabilities of the architecture.
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Mathur, Tushar, Gokhan Sahin, and Donald R. Ucci. "A Performance Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Spectrum Management Techniques in Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Engineering 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3860685.
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Elastic optical networks (EONs) have emerged to provide higher spectrum efficiency than traditional Dense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (DWDM) by utilizing enabling technologies such as flexible spectrum grid, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and distance adaptive rate and modulation. The choice of the control-plane is an important consideration when deploying any new technology, especially in optical networks. This paper considers generic distributed and centralized spectrum assignment policies in conjunction with the accompanying connection set-up signaling protocols in EONs. A network simulator for Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) was developed with Forward Reservation Protocol and Backward Reservation Protocol signaling methods. These signaling techniques are used with the First Fit (FF) and Random Fit (RF) Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) algorithms. The paper discusses control elements (central and distributed architectures) decisions under busy hour and normal network conditions and presents a comprehensive performance analysis of key performance metrics such as connection success rate, connection establishment time, and capacity requirement.
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Casellas, Ramon, Raul Muñoz, Ricardo Martínez, et al. "Overarching Control of Flexi Grid Optical Networks: Interworking of GMPLS and OpenFlow Domains." IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, no. 5 (2015): 1054–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47522.
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Optical transport networks provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management, supervision, and survivability of optical channels. Within a flexible dense wavelength division multiplexing grid, the optical spectrum can be allocated in multiples of a width granularity, depending on the client signal rate and modulation format. A control plane (CP) can be used for efficient and dynamic provisioning and recovery of flexi-grid connections. Two main CP architectures coexist, with common functions like addressing, automatic topology discovery, network abstraction, path computation, and connection provisioning: a distributed generalized multiprotocol label switching CP (with optional path computation element, PCE path computation and instantiation/modification) and a CP based on software-defined networking, with a logically centralized controller and an open protocol, such as the OpenFlow protocol. Both architectures have their own strengths and weaknesses, and are being extended to address the new requirements associated with the aforementioned emerging optical technologies, such as flexible spectrum allocation, efficient corouted connection setup, and configuration of related optical parameters. However, new use cases such as remote data center interconnection highlight the need for multidomain service provisioning, and heterogeneous CP interworking, potentially requiring an overarching control. Different alternatives, with varying degrees of integration and flexibility, are available: straightforward approaches characterized by the adaptation of one control model to the other or more advanced interworking requiring the definition of common models (e.g., a subset of attributes for network elements) and of coordination and orchestration functions. This paper discusses the main relevant interworking architectures and presents a selected set of use cases and proof-of-concepts.
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Casellas, Ramon, Ricardo Martínez, Raül Muñoz, Ricard Vilalta, and Lei Liu. "Control and Orchestration of Multidomain Optical Networks With GMPLS as Inter-SDN Controller Communication." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 7, no. 11 (2015): B46—B54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46114.
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Emerging use cases, such as the orchestration of heterogeneous domains or the interconnection of remote data centers, require the design of new network control, management, and orchestration architectures that are adapted to the requirements associated with end-to-end services. This heterogeneity, stemming from actual deployments, is related to the involved data and control technologies or due to network segmentation. It is acknowledged that, in these scenarios, the deployment of a single software-defined networking (SDN) controller may not be practical or may have fundamental limitations, in terms of either scalability, complexity, or interoperability. To address this trend, and as a means to cope with the complexity growth, research in this area is considering the concept of SDN orchestration (the coordinated control of heterogeneous systems), abstraction (the selection of entity-relevant attributes), and the use of multiple controllers, commonly arranged in hierarchical or flat configurations. In this paper, we consider a hybrid approach combining elements from distributed control with elements from centralized control, relying on the concepts of abstraction and aggregation and hierarchical traffic engineering (TE). We propose a multidomain and multivendor network control architecture organized in layers, the abstract network layer and the control-specific layer, resulting in a mesh of generic SDN controllers that use generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) protocols as their east/west interfaces (open shortest path first TE and Resource Reservation Protocol with extensions for TE as inter-SDN controller communications protocols), forming an abstracted topology. To validate the approach, and to evaluate factors such as end-to-end network service deployment delay or control overhead, the proposed architecture is implemented and validated in a control plane testbed. While emphasis is given to the control of optical (flexi-grid) networks, the proposed approach can be generalized to other transport technologies.
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Muñoz, Raul, Ricard Vilalta, Ramon Casellas, et al. "Transport Network Orchestration for end-to-end Multi-layer Provisioning Across heterogeneous SDN/OpenFlow and GMPLS/PCE Control Domains." Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, no. 8 (2015): 1540–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47601.
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A multidomain optical transport network composed of heterogeneous optical transport technologies (e.g., flexi/fixed-grid optical circuit switching and optical packet switching) and control plane technologies (e.g., centralized OpenFlow or distributed GMPLS) does not naturally interoperate, and a network orchestration mechanism is required. A network orchestrator allows the composition of end-to-end network service provisioning across multidomain optical networks comprising different transport and control plane technologies. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a key technology to address this requirement, since the separation of control and data planes makes the SDN a suitable candidate for end-to-end provisioning service orchestration across multiple domains with heterogeneous control and transport technologies. This paper presents two different network orchestration's architectures based on the application-based network operations (ABNO) which is being defined by IETF based on standard building blocks. Then, we experimentally assesses in the international testbed of the STRAUSS project, an ABNO-based network orchestrator for end-to-end multi-layer (OPS and Flexi-grid OCS) and multidomain provisioning across heterogeneous control domains (SDN/OpenFlow and GMPLS/Stateful PCE) employing dynamic domain abstraction based on virtual node aggregation.
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Muñoz, Raül, Ramon Casellas, Ricardo Martínez, and Ricard Vilalta. "PCE: What is It, How Does It Work and What are its Limitations?" IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology 32, no. 4 (2014): 528–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58585.
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In GMPLS-controlled optical networks, the utilization of source-based path computation has some limitations, especially in large networks with stringent constraints (e.g., optical impairments) or in multilayer and multidomain networks, which leads to suboptimal routing solutions. The path computation eElement (PCE) can mitigate some weaknesses of GMPLS-controlled optical networks. The main idea behind the PCE is to decouple the path computation function from the GMPLS controllers into a dedicated entity with an open and well-defined interface and protocol. A (stateless) PCE is capable of computing a network path or route based on a network graph (i.e., the traffic engineering database-TED) and applying computational constraints. First, we present an overview of the PCE architecture and its communication protocol (PCEP). Then, we present in detail the considered source-routing shortcomings in GMPLS-controlled networks, namely, impairment-aware path computation, multidomain path computation and multilayer path computation, as well as the different PCE-based solutions that have been proposed to overcome each one of these problems. However, PCE-based computation also presents some limitations that lead to an increase in the path computation blocking or to suboptimal path computations. The stateful PCE overcomes the limitations of the stateless PCE, such as the outdated TED, the lack of global LSP state (i.e., set of computed paths and reserved resources in use in the network), and the lack of control of path reservations. A passive stateful PCE allows optimal path computation and increased path computation success, considering both the network state (TED) and the Label Switched Paths (LSP) state (LSP Database-LSPDB). Additionally, an active stateful PCE can modify existing LSPs (i.e., connections), and optionally, setup and/or release existing LSPs. Finally, the formal decoupling of the path computation allows more flexibility in the deployment of PCEs in other control- paradigms outside their original scope (MPLS/GMPLS). In this sense, we provide an overview of three PCE deployment models in the software defined network (SDN) control architecture.
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Zhang, Ning, and Mao Chang Ge. "WDM Node Structure with GMPLS Technology in Optical Transport Networks." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1483.
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With the rapid development of optical network technology, a thing worth noting is the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) technology in optical network has been more used, mainly in auto-switching transmission network. GMPLS is an advanced protocol which is essential for managing a diverse and complex networks, GMPLS has caused technical challenges in its deployment in optical networks. In this paper, we analyze the evolution to optical network, and discuss the GMPLS technology and its applications. GMPLS will become the important protocol in future optical network.
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Chen, Kai-Sheng. "Label Stacking Scenarios in Hybrid Wavelength and Code-Switched GMPLS Networks." Electronics 7, no. 10 (2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100251.
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Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) is a promising solution to implement high-speed internet protocol (IP) networks by reducing the layer number. To meet the increasing demand for data traffic, optical packet switching (OPS) is integrated under IP to provide high bandwidth to end users. Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) is perfectly compatible with the routing algorithm in IP/MPLS as it supports packet-switching functions. In this paper, we investigate the label stacking scenarios in GMPLS networks. In GMPLS, label stacking is done to reduce the node complexity by appending multiple labels to a single packet. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) signals have been widely used as identifying labels. As the labels can be permutated among the wavelengths or code dimensions, the structure of a label stack can be varied. However, studies on the relationship between label stacking scenarios and network performance are limited. To investigate this issue, we propose three label stacking models: sequential code distribution; sequential wavelength distribution, and random label distribution. The simulation results show that the sequential wavelength assignment, wherein the labels are uniformly distributed among the wavelengths, exhibits the best system performance in terms of the label-error rate (LER).
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Młynarczuk, Magdalena, Paweł Zieńko, and Sylwester Kaczmarek. "Call and Connections Times in ASON/GMPLS Architecture." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2013.3.1227.
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It is assumed that demands of information society could be satisfied by architecture ASON/GMPLS comprehended as Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) protocols. Introduction this solution must be preceded by performance evaluation to guarantee society expectations. Call and connections times are in ASON/GMPLS architecture important for real-time applications. Practical realization is expensive and simulations models are necessary to examine standardized propositions. This paper is devoted to the simulation results of ASON/GMPLS architecture control plane functions in OMNeT++ discrete event simulator. The authors make an effort to explore call/connection set-up times, connection release times in a single domain of ASON/GMPLS architecture.
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Banerjee, A., J. Drake, J. P. Lang, B. Turner, K. Kompella, and Y. Rekhter. "Generalized multiprotocol label switching: an overview of routing and management enhancements." IEEE Communications Magazine 39, no. 1 (2001): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.894389.
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Banerjee, A., L. Drake, L. Lang, et al. "Generalized multiprotocol label switching: an overview of signaling enhancements and recovery techniques." IEEE Communications Magazine 39, no. 7 (2001): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.933450.
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Anderson, G. Emory. "SONET-Framed Optical Packet Networking in the Context of Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching." Fiber and Integrated Optics 21, no. 5 (2002): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030290087714.
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Casellas, Ramon, Ricardo Martínez, Ricard Vilalta, and Raül Muñoz. "Control, Management and Orchestration of Optical Networks: Evolution, Trends and Challenges." Journal of Lightwave Technology 36, no. 7 (2018): 1390–402. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2018.2793464.
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Automating the provisioning of telecommunications services, deployed over a heterogeneous infrastructure (in terms of domains, technologies, and management platforms), remains a complex task, yet driven by the constant need to reduce costs and service deployment time. This is more so, when such services are increasingly conceived around interconnected functions and require allocation of computing, storage, and networking resources. This automation drives the development of service and resource orchestration platforms that extend, integrate, and build on top of existing approaches, macroscopically adopting software-defined networking principles, leveraging programmability, and open control in view of interoperability. Such systems are combining centralized and distributed elements, integrating platforms whose development may happen independently and parallel, and are constantly adapting to ever changing requirements, such as virtualization and slicing. Of specific interest is the (optical) transport network segment, traditionally operated independently via closed proprietary systems, and characterized by being relatively complex and hard to reach consensus regarding modeling and abstraction. In view of the targets, the transport network segment needs to be integrated into such service orchestration platforms efficiently. In this context, this paper aims at providing an introduction to control, management, and orchestration systems, of which the network control is a core component, along their main drivers, key benefits, and functional/protocol architectures. It covers multidomain and multilayer networks and includes complex use cases, challenges and current trends such as joint cloud/network orchestration and 5G network slicing.
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Chen, Kai-Sheng. "Packet Switching Strategy and Node Architecture of Extended Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Labels in GMPLS Networks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071513.
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We present packet switching applications based on extended spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) labels in generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) networks. The proposed approach combines the advantages of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA). The extended SAC labels preserve the orthogonal property to avoid the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) shown at the decoder. We investigate the node architecture of label generation/recognition based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Combining cyclic-shifted maximal length sequence (MLS) codes with the wavelength routed property of AWG simplifies the node structure. The simulation results show that the proposed labels achieve good performances against receiver noise due to the low average cross-correlation values. Under a given bit-error-rate (BER), the switching efficiency of the extended SAC labels outperforms the previous OCDMA schemes, as the network nodes are capable of processing a large number of labels simultaneously.
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Chen, Kai-Sheng, and Wien Hong. "Multi-Level Buffering Services Based on Optical Packet Encoding of Composite Maximal-Length Sequences in a GMPLS Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030730.
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Generalized multi-protocol label-switching (GMPLS) provides packet-switching with multiple speeds and quality-of-services (QoSs). Packet buffering in GMPLS reduces packet loss by resolving the conflicts between packets requesting for a common channel. Presently, due to the diversity of multimedia applications, enabling multiple services in networks has become necessary. In this paper, a family of codes known as composite maximal-length sequence (CMLS) codes is introduced into an optical buffering scheme based on code-switching. A given number of available CMLS codes is divided into several code subsets. The buffer selects an unused CMLS code from a code subset and assigns it to the incoming packet. When all codes in a specific subset have been distributed to the queued packets, a free CMLS code in another subset is chosen for the new arrival. To achieve multi-level buffering services, the partition scenario with a lower subset number but with a higher number of codes in an individual subset is used as a code-assigning method for buffering high-QoS users. A two-level buffering system is demonstrated by examining the QoS of each class in terms of packet-dropping probability (PDP). The results show that different levels of PDPs can be effectively supported by a common buffer architecture.
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Khalil, Abeer Twakol, A. I. Abdel-Fatah, and Hesham Ali Sakr. "Rapidly IPv6 multimedia management schemes based LTE-A wireless networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3077-3089.
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Ensuring the best quality of smart multimedia services becomes an essential goal for modern enterprises so there is always a need for effective IP mobility smart management schemes in order to fulfill the following two main functions: (I) interconnecting the moving terminals around the extended indoor smart services. In addition, (II) providing session continuity for instant data transfer in real-time and multimedia applications with negligible latency, efficient bandwidth utilization, and improved reliability. In this context, it found out that the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) over LTE-A network that offers many advanced services for large numbers of users with higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency. In GMPLS, there is an elimination of the routing searches and choice of routing protocols on every core LTE-A router also it provides the architecture simplicity and increases the scalability. A comparative assessment of three types of IPv6 mobility management schemes over the LTE-A provided by using various types of multimedia. By using OPNET Simulator 17.5, In accordance with these schemes, it was proven that the IPv6-GMPLS scheme is the best choice for the system's operation, in comparison to the IPv6-MPLS and Mobile IPv6 for all multimedia offerings and on the overall network performance.
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Abeer, Twakol Khalil, I. Abdel-Fatah A., and Ali Sakr Hesham. "Rapidly IPv6 multimedia management schemes based LTE-A wireless networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 3077–89. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3077-3089.
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Ensuring the best quality of smart multimedia services becomes an essential goal for modern enterprises so there is always a need for effective IP mobility smart management schemes in order to fulfill the following two main functions: (I) interconnecting the moving terminals around the extended indoor smart services. In addition, (II) providing session continuity for instant data transfer in real-time and multimedia applications with negligible latency, efficient bandwidth utilization, and improved reliability. In this context, it found out that the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) over LTE-A network that offers many advanced services for large numbers of users with higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency. In GMPLS, there is an elimination of the routing searches and choice of routing protocols on every core LTE-A router also it provides the architecture simplicity and increases the scalability. A comparative assessment of three types of IPv6 mobility management schemes over the LTE-A provided by using various types of multimedia. By using OPNET Simulator 17.5, In accordance with these schemes, it was proven that the IPv6-GMPLS scheme is the best choice for the system's operation, in comparison to the IPv6-MPLS and Mobile IPv6 for all multimedia offerings and on the overall network performance.
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Martínez, Ricardo. "GMPLS/PCE-controlled Multi-Flow Optical Transponders in Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 7, no. 11 (2015): B71—B80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46107.
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Elastic optical networks aim at considerably improving network spectrum efficiency by using a flexible grid, while traditional optical transport networks operate with fixed frequency spacing. In such flexible networks, connections are accommodated into so-called “frequency slots,” which are dynamically established depending on client data rates and selected signal modulation formats. Key enablers to develop such a network infrastructure are bandwidth variable optical cross-connects (BV-OXCs) and BV transponders. For the latter, a multi-flow optical transponder (MF-OTP) is being considered as an appealing solution because of its support of high-rate super-channels as well as its elasticity, where optical connections can be reconfigured flexibly according to the required traffic requests. The dynamic selection (path computation) and automatic network configuration of both optical spectrum and MF-OTP resources are handled by a control plane entity. Herein, a distributed Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane combined with an active Path Computation Element (PCE) are adopted for the dynamic instantiation of flexgrid optical connections. To fully control the MF-OTP’s attributes and capabilities, specific extensions are required for both GMPLS routing and signaling. We propose and experimentally validate such extensions by considering two information models: partial and full. The difference between the models lies in information related to optical spectrum status (carried by the full model) on the MF-OTP interfaces attached to the BV-OXCs. Furthermore, a novel online routing, spectrum, and modulation assignment (RSMA) algorithm is conceived. The RSMA adopts both models to compute paths by trying to optimize the spectral link and MF-OTP resources when dynamically serving flexgrid connections. The experimental evaluation compares the models’ attained RSMA performance with respect to the blocking probability as well as the setup and path computation delays.
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Goel, Sandeep, Ranjit Kaur, and Amit Wason. "Investigation of Blocking Performance in GMPLS Networks." Journal of Optical Communications, May 15, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2018-0041.
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AbstractThe call blocking is the most vital factor in generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) Networks. Call blocking depends upon many factors such as traffic intensity, number of servers and number of links. Call blocking performance for GMPLS networks has been calculated in this paper by using a proposed mathematical model. The proposed model investigates the dependency of probability of call blocking upon the number of wavelengths and number of links. In the suggested model, the blocking performance of GMPLS network is improved.
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Goel, Sandeep, Ranjit Kaur, and Amit Wason. "Model for Performance Improvement of Blocking Probability in GMPLS Networks." Journal of Optical Communications, November 15, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0184.
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AbstractGeneralized multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) is a set of rules which is used in various layers like the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) layer, Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) layer, etc. to generalize the concepts of labels of Multiprotocol Label Switching networks. A block in call occurs when number of requests is more than the servers and waiting rooms. This call blocking is the very important parameter and can be calculated in terms of probability. There are a number of models to calculate the call blocking probability like Erlang B, Erlang C, etc. This paper suggests a novel, efficient and less – complex model which minimize the call blocking to very much extent for GMPLS networks. This model deals with the factors like number of wavelengths, number of links, traffic intensity, etc. which can help in reducing the call blocking probability and give better results. In this paper, the call-blocking probability is also compared with number of links by considering different wavelengths. A comparison of call-blocking probability of proposed model is also analysed. This paper deals with blocking probability optimization in GMPLS Networks using Fredericks approach. We have used peakedness factor from Fredericks approach in Engset’s formula for this optimization.”
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Qin, Panke, Jiawei Wang, and Jingru Wu. "RSVP-TE Bilateral-Recursive Region Re-Routing Crankback Mechanism for Large-Scale Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications, April 25, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0025.
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AbstractCloud computing services and real-time Internet applications have spawned a large variety of potential requirements for quality of service (QoS), especially the latency and connection setup time. However, with the optical networks develop toward to larger scale, wider coverage and more users access, conventional resource reservation protocol traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) signal hop by hop transmission scheme cannot meet the requirements of these new applications for real-time dynamic services and fast restoration with long propagation delays. This paper proposes a novel RSVP-TE bilateral-recursive region re-routing crankback mechanism (BRCB) base on distributed path computation element (PCE) for generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) optical networks. In this mechanism, the backtracking nodes re-route and update the region routing paths which bypass the crankback and re-routing failure nodes when crankback occurs. It not only reduces the influencing factors of the scale of network, signaling crankback position and frequency to path connection setup time, but also avoids the backtracking of teardown messages.
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Reddy, Murla Bhumi, Jaisingh Thangaraj, and Vishnu Priye. "Multiservice Provisioning Optical Code Switched Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching Optical Networks." Wireless Personal Communications, September 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-10013-8.
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D., Stojanovic Mirjana, Miladic Suzana D., and Markovic Goran Z. "A Hybrid Method for Signalling Transport in GMPLS Control Plane." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 22, no. 3 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.22.3.15310.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses the issue of signalling transport in control plane of the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) network. The two basic methods for establishing control channels in optical networks are the infibre-out-of-band and the out-of-fibre. Starting from the analysis of benefits and drawbacks of those methods, we propose and investigate a novel, flexible method for signalling transport, which is based on the analysis of the given network topology and combines the basic methods to achieve a trade-off between requirements for low latency and high reliability. Performance analysis has shown that, with hybrid method, data path setup times are close to the ones achieved with the in-fibreout-of-band method, while preserving satisfying reliability and flexibility to integrate into multi-domain networks.
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Mayoral, Arturo, Ricard Vilalta, Raül Muñoz, Ramon Casellas, and Ricardo Martínez. "SDN orchestration architectures and their integration with Cloud Computing Applications." Optical Switching and Networking, February 1, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2015.09.007.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging cloud-based applications, running in geographically distributed data centers (DCs), generate new dynamic traffic patterns which claim for a more efficient management of the traffic flows. Geographically distributed DCs interconnection requires automatic and more dynamic provisioning and deletion of end-to-end (E2E) connectivity services, through heterogeneous network domains. Each network domain may use a different data transport technology but also a different control/management system. The fast development of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and the interworking with current control plane technologies such as Generalized Multi-protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), demand orchestration over the heterogeneous control instances to provide seamless E2E connectivity services to external applications (i.e. Cloud Computing applications). In this work, we present different orchestration architectures based on the SDN principles which use the Path Computation Element (PCE) as a fundamental component. In particular, a single SDN controller orchestration approach is compared with an orchestration architecture based on the Application Based Network Operations (ABNO) defined within the International Engineering Task Force (IETF), in order to find the potential benefits and drawbacks of both architectures. Finally, the SDN IT and Network Orchestration (SINO) platform which integrates the management of Cloud Computing infrastructure with the network orchestration, it is used to validate both architectures by evaluating their performance providing two inter-DC connectivity services: E2E connectivity and Virtual Machine (VM) migration.