Academic literature on the topic 'Generalized obesity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Generalized obesity"
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Thakur, Rajesh Kumar. "Metabolic Profiles in Abdominal Obesity and Generalized Obesity in College Students." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 04 (2017): 19877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.27.
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Vennam, Bodhi Sri Vidya, N. G. Nagamani, R. V. Manasa, Sanjana P., and Prasantha Ratna R. "Obesity and associated factors among the residents of field practice area of urban health centre in North Andhra." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (2018): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183977.
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Background: Obesity is becoming an important public health problem in India. The objectives were to know the prevalence of obesity (generalized obesity, abdominal obesity), to know the difference in prevalence of abdominal obesity with respect to waist circumference and waist hip ratio, to know the factors associated with obesity.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study done at field practice area of urban health centre. 306 study subjects (15-65 years) were included into the study. A semi-structured schedule was applied. Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 was considered as generalized obesity. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio were calculated.Results: The prevalence of generalized obesity was 35.6%. Abdominal obesity was rose from 56.2% to 76.1% when waist-hip ratio was taken as parameter instead of waist circumference. Most of the study subjects were not physically active.Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity is high among study subjects.
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Solanki, Dhiraj Kumar, Rama Walia, Akanksha Gautam, Anoop Misra, Arun Kumar Aggarwal, and Anil Bhansali. "Prevalence of abdominal obesity in non-obese adolescents: a North Indian adolescent study." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 7 (2020): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0026.
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AbstractContextChildhood obesity is defined based on body mass index (BMI) criteria. Asian adults have more abdominal adiposity as compared to Western people for an equivalent BMI. Similarly, children who are non-obese/overweight by BMI criteria may have abdominal obesity. It is important to identify and target this population to reduce future cardiovascular risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate and inter-relate the prevalence of obesity subtypes (generalized and abdominal) in school going adolescents.MethodsA randomized cross-sectional community based study was conducted, which was carried out in 13 schools of Chandigarh, a North Indian city. 10,037 school going adolescents of age 10–18 years were evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and generalized obesity in present study was 9.3 and 4.9% respectively. Generalized obesity was observed in 4.2% of males and 5.7% of females (p-Value = 0.001). The abdominal obesity was noted in 5.4% of children and its prevalence increased progressively with age. The prevalence was highest in 16–18 years age-group (7.6%, p<0.001). 39.3% of abdominally obese subjects were not obese by BMI criteria, while prevalence of abdominal obesity in nonobese adolescents was 2.24%. It was more prevalent in females (3.7%) than males (3%, p=0.025). Prevalence of obesity was 7.9 and 1.8% in private and government schools respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsAbdominal obesity is more prevalent than generalized obesity and shows increasing trend with age. Interestingly, over one third of centrally obese adolescents are not obese by BMI criteria. This underlines the importance of waist circumference measurement in addition to BMI while assessing obesity.
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Undavalli, Vamsi Krishna, Satyanarayana Chowdary Ponnaganti, and Hanumanth Narni. "Prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity: India’s big problem." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 4 (2018): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180984.
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Background: The rising prevalence overweight and obesity in India has a direct correlation with the increasing prevalence of obesity-related co-morbidities; hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. The risk for these disorders appears to start from a body mass index (BMI) of about 21 kg/m2. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity in the field practice area.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study conducted among 309 people in the rural field practice area of medical college from January to March, 2017.Results: In the present study prevalence of generalized, abdominal and combined obesity was 56%, 71.2% and 51.3% respectively.Conclusions: Prevention of obesity should begin in early childhood. Obesity is harder to treat in adults than it is in children. The control of obesity centers on the weight reduction. Information Education and Communication (IEC), Behaviour change communication (BCC) is used to encourage individuals of the society to adopt healthy behaviours like dietary modifications, increased physical activity and a combination of both.
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Dilrukshi, M. D. S. A., V. Thotamuna, D. J. Senarath Yapa, L. De Silva, P. Ranasinghe, and P. Katulanda. "Influence of Overweight and Obesity on Morbidity and Mortality among Hospitalized Patients in Sri Lanka: A Single-Center Analysis." Journal of Obesity 2022 (August 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9172365.
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Background. Current evidence regarding the association between overweight and obesity and in-hospital morbidity and mortality is inconsistent and South Asian populations are underrepresented. Methods. Data relevant to anthropometry, hospital outcomes, complications, and medical diagnoses of all acute medical admissions to the National Hospital of Sri Lanka were collected over a period of 3 months. Analysis was performed with WHO international (ICs) and Asian obesity cut-offs (ACs). Results. Sample size was 2,128 (median age: 57 years [IQR: 42, 67], males: 49.7%). High prevalence of overweight (23.5%), generalized obesity (10.4%), central obesity (28.5%), and underweight (15.4%) was observed (ICs). Patients with either generalized or central obesity had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (4.8% versus 2.5%, p = 0.031 ) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3.9% versus 1.2%) ( p = 0.001 ) compared to normal weight. With ACs, overweight and obesity prevalence increased, without any significant increment in morbidity and mortality, but median length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in patients with generalized obesity compared to normal (3 [IQR: 2, 5] versus 4 [IQR: 2, 6], p = 0.014 ). Infections (44.4%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (25.9%) were the most common causes of admission. Overweight and generalized obesity or central obesity were associated with increased prevalence of acute CVDs and CVD risk factors and lower prevalence of acute infections, whilst underweight showed an inverse association. Conclusion. A double burden of malnutrition and diseases were noted among hospital admissions, with obesity being a risk factor for in-hospital all-cause mortality and AKI. Overweight and obesity were associated with increased CVDs and reduced infections. Larger prospective studies are required to characterize these associations among South Asians.
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Varadappa, Sanjay T., Soubhagya Kathali, and Lavanya Rajesh. "Obesity and its Determinants among Indian Elderly Women: Evidence from Community-based Study." Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics 21, no. 1 (2025): 40–45. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiag.jiag_85_24.
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Abstract Introduction: The trend of obesity is increasing in all age groups, especially among elderly women owing to the interplay of aging and lifestyle factors leading to poor quality of life. Obesity among elderly women will be a serious public health concern in the near future because of their sheer number with longer life expectancy. In spite of its significance, there is a dearth of studies on obesity involving solely elderly women in India. Materials and Methods: A community-based study was undertaken in an urban field practice area of a medical college by involving 510 elderly women aged ≥60 years using the Probability-Proportion-to-Size technique. Data on sociopersonal characteristics and lifestyle factors (dietary and physical exercise practices) were collected, and height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference were recorded by visiting household. Results: The prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity was 77.3% and 80.6%, respectively. Generalized obesity was associated with age, religion, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, number of meals, plain water intake, and physical exercise (P < 0.001), whereas abdominal obesity was associated with religion, occupation, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, number of meals, type of diet, and physical exercise (P < 0.001). Conclusions: More than two-thirds of the elderly women were having generalized and abdominal obesity. Many of the sociopersonal and lifestyle factors were significantly associated with generalized and abdominal obesity which calls for similar research in the future and to develop culturally appropriate interventions.
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Gomes, Ana Paula, Ana Luiza G. Soares, Ana M. B. Menezes, et al. "Adiposity, depression and anxiety: interrelationship and possible mediators." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (November 22, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001119.
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OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between adiposity, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and to assess the role of inflammation, diet quality and physical activity in this association. METHODS: We used data from 2,977 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas Cohort (Brazil) who attended the 18- and 22-year follow-ups. We assessed general obesity using body mass index, fat mass index, and abdominal obesity using waist circumference. Major Depressive Disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were assessed using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were used as a measure of inflammation; diet quality was estimated using the revised diet quality index, and physical activity was assessed by the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ, min/day). The association between adiposity and major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder was assessed using logistic regression, and the natural indirect effect via the mediators was estimated using G-computation. RESULTS: General obesity assessed by body mass index (OR: 2.3; 95% CI:1.13; 4.85), fat mass index (OR: 2.6; 95%CI: 1.37; 4.83), and abdominal obesity (OR: 2.5; 95%CI: 1.18; 5.39) were associated with higher odds of major depressive disorder, whereas major depressive disorder was only associated with obesity assessed by body mass index (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.09; 3.46). Obesity and generalized anxiety disorder were not associated. C-reactive protein, diet quality and physical activity did not mediate the effect of obesity on major depressive disorder, and C-reactive protein mediated about 25% of the effect of major depressive disorder on adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, but not generalized anxiety disorder, is associated with adiposity in both directions, with a stronger evidence for the direction obesity-depression. Inflammation explains part of the effect of major depressive disorder on obesity but not the other way around. Further research should explore other mechanisms that could be involved in the association between obesity and depression.
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El-Kassas, Germine, and Fouad Ziade. "Exploration of the Risk Factors of Generalized and Central Obesity among Adolescents in North Lebanon." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2879075.
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Adolescents’ obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and in the Arab countries. Alarming rates of overweight/obesity have been rising progressively in Lebanon. However, the risk factors for the development of adolescents’ obesity have not yet been thoroughly explored in North Lebanon. To determine the dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with generalized and central obesity among adolescents living in Tripoli, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a representative sample of 311 students aged 11–16 years from both sexes chosen from public and private schools in Tripoli. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control BMI for age percentiles. Central obesity was assessed using both waist-to-height ratio and gender-specific waist circumference for age indices. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast and physical inactivity were the most significant independent risk factors associated with both generalized and central obesity. In addition, higher screen time and male gender were associated with increased risk for generalized and central obesity, respectively. Intervention strategies to prevent the development of obesity should be implemented among adolescent students to encourage regular breakfast intake and adopting healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors.
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Alencar, Yasmyn Soares de, Gustavo Garcia Castro, Jayna Pereira Fontes dos Santos, Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez, Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi, and Meire Coelho Ferreira. "Cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the brazilian airforce at Alcântara (MA)." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 22, no. 2 (2023): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v22i2.54191.
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Objective: To investigate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the Brazilian Air Force in Alcântara, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with clinical records of 240 active military personnel from the Medical and Statistical Archives Service and nutritional assessment from the Nutrition Subsection Sector. The modifiable (diabetes mellitus - DM, systemic arterial hypertension - SAH, generalized obesity, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, sedentarism, smoking, and alcoholism) and non-modifiable (gender and age) cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric data, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were extracted. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was applied (a=5%). Results: The sample was predominantly male (55.8%) and with a mean age of 33 (±8.4) years. The most prevalent risk factors were overweight (43.8%), abdominal obesity (42.9%), generalized obesity (21.3%), alcoholism (34.6%), and sedentary lifestyle (31.3%). Regarding the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to gender, a significant association was found with SAH, sedentarism, abdominal obesity and nutritional status (p=0.004, p=0.027, p=0.040 and p=0.018, respectively). For the sample studied, 2.7% had CVD. Conclusions: The predominant cardiovascular risk factors were overweight, abdominal obesity, generalized obesity, alcoholism and sedentary lifestyle. In men, hypertension and overweight were predominant, and in women, sedentarism and abdominal obesity.
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Oo, San San, U. S. Mahadeva Rao, and Thant Zin. "PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AMONG ADULT AT THE KAMPUNG KOLAM, EAST COAST MALAYSIAN PENINSULA-A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 3 (2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16888.
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Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among adults aged 18 y and above at the Kampaung kolam, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.Methods: This cross-sectional survey comprised of a semi-structured face to face interview questionnaire and collected anthropometric measurements and sex specific waist circumference in cm. The study population was 70 in total with 21 (30%) males and 49 (70%) females aged 18 y and above were selected by universal sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was used for weight status and sex specific waist circumference (WC) in cm was used for assessment of abdominal or central obesity at risk of metabolic complications associated with obesity.Results: Among men, the prevalence of underweight was 9.5%, normal weight 57.1%, overweight 14.3% and obesity 19.1%, while among women, the prevalence of underweight was 12.2%, normal weight 53.1%, overweight 14.3% and obesity 20.4%. Overall, 18 (25.7%) was obese and 52 (74.3%) was non-obese while sex specific WC in cm 19 (27.1%) was abdominal obese who were at risk of metabolic complication associated with obesity and 51 (72.9%) was not at risk. In chi-square association tests revealed that among respondents, currently married, unemployed and having family history with obesity were associated with generalized obesity while respondents who were currently married and having fast food frequently were associated with abdominal obesity and respondents who being currently married, unemployed and having fast food frequently were more likely to obese in generalized as well as abdominally.Conclusion: There was no association between generalized, abdominal and generalized and abdominal obesity with age, gender, education, flat floor structure, dietary patterns and habits, physical activities, sleep pattern and knowledge and attitude level towards obesity but those factors can be utilized in effective health promotion programmers of weight management strategies by targeting those factors in design for prevention of hypertension, diabetes and related cardio vascular diseases CVD.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Generalized obesity"
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Carrico, Robert. "Unbiased Estimation for the Contextual Effect of Duration of Adolescent Height Growth on Adulthood Obesity and Health Outcomes via Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Models." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2817.
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This dissertation has multiple aims in studying hierarchical linear models in biomedical data analysis. In Chapter 1, the novel idea of studying the durations of adolescent growth spurts as a predictor of adulthood obesity is defined, established, and illustrated. The concept of contextual effects modeling is introduced in this first section as we study secular trend of adulthood obesity and how this trend is mitigated by the durations of individual adolescent growth spurts and the secular average length of adolescent growth spurts. It is found that individuals with longer periods of fast height growth in adolescence are more prone to having favorable BMI profiles in adulthood. In Chapter 2 we study the estimation of contextual effects in a hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM). We simulate data and study the effects using the higher level group sample mean as the estimate for the true mean versus using an Empirical Bayes (EB) approach (Shin and Raudenbush 2010). We study this comparison for logistic, probit, log-linear, ordinal and nominal regression models. We find that in general the EB estimate lends a parameter estimate much closer to the true value, except for cases with very small variability in the upper level, where it is a more complicated situation and there is likely no need for contextual effects analysis. In Chapter 3 the HGLM studies are made clearer with large-scale simulations. These large scale simulations are shown for logistic regression and probit regression models for binary outcome data. With repetition we are able to establish coverage percentages of the confidence intervals of the true contextual effect. Coverage percentages show the percentage of simulations that have confidence intervals containing the true parameter values. Results confirm observations from the preliminary simulations in the previous section of this paper, and an accompanying example of adulthood hypertension shows how these results can be used in an application.
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Pinto, Karina Araújo. "Gênero e conflito entre trabalho e família: relação com a saúde física e mental de adultos no Brasil." Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/14203.
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Tese. Karina Araújo. 2013.pdf: 1139255 bytes, checksum: db79657880bc4804261a241d43cae1bd (MD5)<br>Trabalho e família são domínios que concentram a maioria das relações sociais estabelecidas na vida adulta e a multiplicidade de papéis sociais desempenhados por mulheres e homens. O conflito trabalho-família, que emerge da incompatibilidade das demandas entre estas esferas, tem sido associado a efeitos deletérios à saúde, afetando de forma assimétrica mulheres e homens. Há escassez de estudos desta natureza no Brasil e a realização desta investigação com dados do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) pretendeu contribuir para o conhecimento sobre determinantes sociais da saúde de adultos brasileiros, sob a perspectiva de gênero. O objetivo foi analisar as associações entre conflito trabalho-família e excesso de peso corporal e ansiedade em mulheres e homens no Brasil. Foram utilizados dados da linha de base da coorte ELSA-Brasil, realizada entre 2008 e 2010, quando foram coletados entrevistas, medidas e exames clínicos. Foram escolhidas e incluídas nas análises variáveis relacionadas aos domínios do trabalho e da família. Foram realizadas análises psicométricas de itens para mensurar o construto conflito trabalho-família, além de modelos de regressão logística para testes de associação entre exposição e desfechos. As análises foram estratificadas por sexo. Gênero foi a categoria analítica que orientou as discussões dos resultados, que estão apresentados sob a forma de três artigos para publicação em revistas de circulação nacional e internacional. O primeiro artigo apresenta a análise de propriedades psicométricas dos itens para mensuração do conflito entre trabalho e família, cujos resultados foram aceitáveis e deram origem às variáveis de exposição dos demais artigos. No segundo artigo foi testada a hipótese de associação entre conflito trabalho-família-tempo para si e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG). Os resultados evidenciaram associação positiva entre a percepção de alto conflito trabalho-família-tempo para si e TAG, de maior magnitude entre as mulheres. No terceiro artigo realizou-se o teste da hipótese de associação entre tempo insuficiente para cuidado pessoal e lazer e o excesso de peso corporal. Evidenciou-se associação positiva entre tempo insuficiente para o cuidado pessoal e lazer e a ocorrência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre mulheres que referiram maior jornada semanal de trabalho profissional. A abordagem do conflito entre trabalho e família e sua relação com desfechos de saúde deve ser aprofundada em estudos futuros.
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Carter, Megan Ann. "Do Childhood Excess Weight and Family Food Insecurity Share Common Risk Factors in the Local Environment? An Examination Using a Quebec Birth Cohort." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23801.
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Background: Childhood excess weight and family food insecurity are food-system related public health problems that exist in Canada. Since both relate to issues of food accessibility and availability, which have elements of “place”, they may share common risk factors in the local environment that are amenable to intervention. In this area of research, the literature derives mostly from a US context, and there is a dearth of high quality evidence, specifically from longitudinal studies.
Objectives: The main objectives of this thesis were to examine the adjusted associations between the place factors: material deprivation, social deprivation, social cohesion, disorder, and living location, with change in child BMI Z-score and with change in family food insecurity status in a Canadian cohort of children.
Methods: The Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development was used to meet the main objectives of this thesis. Response data from six collection cycles (4 – 10 years of age) were used in three main analyses. The first analysis examined change in child BMI Z-score as a function of the place factors using mixed models regression. The second analysis examined change in child BMI Z-score as a function of place factors using group-based trajectory modeling. The third and final analysis examined change in family food insecurity status as a function of the place factors using generalized estimating equations.
Results: Social deprivation, social cohesion and disorder were strongly and positively associated with family food insecurity, increasing the odds by 45-76%. These place factors, on the other hand, were not consistently associated with child weight status. Material deprivation was not important for either outcome, except for a slight positive association in the mixed models analysis of child weight status. Living location was not important in explaining family food insecurity. On the other hand, it was associated with child weight status in both analyses, but the nature of the relationship is still unclear.
Conclusions: Results do not suggest that addressing similar place factors may alleviate both child excess weight and family food insecurity. More high quality longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to clarify relationships between the local environment and child weight status and family food insecurity.
Books on the topic "Generalized obesity"
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Richards, C. Steven, and Michael W. O'Hara, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Depression and Comorbidity. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.001.0001.
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Depression is frequently associated with other psychiatric disorders, chronic health problems, and distressed close relationships. This comorbidity between depression and other disorders and problems is important. Furthermore, there has been a large increase in research on depressive comorbidity. Therefore, a book of 37 state-of-the-art reviews by experts will be helpful to teachers, researchers, practitioners, developers of relevant policies, and students in these areas. The comorbidity of depression with other psychiatric disorders is addressed in chapters focusing on panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, alcohol-use disorders, eating disorders, conduct disorder, personality disorders, sexual dysfunctions, schizophrenia, suicide, and bipolar disorder. The comorbidity of depression and chronic health problems is addressed in chapters focusing on cardiovascular disease, cancer, pain, obesity, sleep disorders, multiple sclerosis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, kidney disease, dementia, and women's health. The comorbidity of depression and distressed close relationships is addressed in chapters on intimate relationships, family relationships, and perinatal depression. There are also chapters on diagnostic issues, theory and constructs, models of comorbidity between depression and anxiety, assessment strategies, multidisciplinary treatments, community interventions, treatment in ethnic minority groups, psychosocial interventions for depressed cancer patients, and cognitive therapy for comorbid depression. Finally, in an effort to integrate the material, there are introduction, big picture, and epilogue chapters. The 37 chapters in this book reflect a scholarly and evidence-based perspective on depressive comorbidity. Moreover, the chapters address a wide array of relevant issues, including etiology, assessment, diagnosis, course, theory, research, practice, treatment, and clinical guidelines. In summary, this edited book includes 37 chapters on depression and comorbidity, and thereby provides a comprehensive, scholarly, and empirically-based compendium of reviews on this topic.
Book chapters on the topic "Generalized obesity"
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Halpern, Bruno, Marcia Nery, Carlos Eduardo Rochitte, Thais Cotrim Martins, Myrthes Toledo Barros, and Maria Adelaide Albergaria Pereira. "First Case Report of Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy Associated with Hypogammaglobulinemia." In CLINICAL - Lipids & Obesity Case Reports. The Endocrine Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part3.p4.p2-466.
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Adu-Prah, Samuel, and Tonny Oyana. "Enabling Healthy Living." In Geospatial Research. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9845-1.ch057.
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The increasing burden of overweight and obesity in the United States (U.S.) demands a better understanding of its local and regional spatial patterns and trends. The study examines the hypothesis that there are spatial differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in U.S. youths at regional and local levels. It used spatial, statistical, and spatiotemporal analyses and a synthesis of regionally and locally relevant data from a cohort of large, nationally representative, longitudinal data sets, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY`97) to analyze overweight and obesity prevalence. Specifically, the methods used included the spatial Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM), spatial interpolation techniques (Inverse Distance Weighting – IDW), and Kulldorf's scan space-time analysis. The paper analyzed 12 waves (1997–2008) of data from the NLSY data sets. Its findings revealed there is an upward trend both in males and in females in obesity prevalence in US youths during the twelve-year period. Youth obesity prevalence was also higher among females than among males. The cohort shows evidence of increase in overweight and obesity prevalence. There are mixed trends in youth obesity prevalence patterns in rural and urban areas. Counties identified as consistently experiencing higher prevalence of obesity and with the potential of becoming an obesogenic environment are Copiah, Holmes, and Hinds in Mississippi; Harris and Chamber, Texas; Oklahoma and McCain, Oklahoma; Jefferson, Louisiana; and Chicot and Jefferson, Arkansas. The twelve-year study indicated spatial variation in obesity and overweight prevalence among U.S. youths, with pockets of clustered prevalence. This information can guide programs, policies, and initiatives for obesity prevention at regional and local levels.
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Taylor, Rachael W., Adell Cox, Lee Knight, et al. "A Tailored Family-Based Obesity Intervention: A Randomized Trial." In Obesity: Stigma, Trends, and Interventions. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610022781-a_tailored.
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OBJECTIVE To determine whether a 2-year family-based intervention using frequent contact and limited expert involvement was effective in reducing excessive weight compared with usual care. METHODS Two hundred and six overweight and obese (BMI ≥85th percentile) children aged 4 to 8 years were randomized to usual care (UC) or tailored package (TP) sessions at university research rooms. UC families received personalized feedback and generalized advice regarding healthy lifestyles at baseline and 6 months. TP families attended a single multidisciplinary session to develop specific goals suitable for each family, then met with a mentor each month for 12 months, and every third month for another 12 months to discuss progress and provide support. Outcome measurements (anthropometry, questionnaires, dietary intake, accelerometry) were obtained at 0, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS BMI at 24 months was significantly lower in TP compared with UC children (difference, 95% confidence interval: −0.34, −0.65 to −0.02), as was BMI z score (−0.12, −0.20 to −0.04) and waist circumference (−1.5, −2.5 to −0.5 cm). TP children consumed more fruit and vegetables (P = .038) and fewer noncore foods (P = .020) than UC children, and fewer noncore foods were available in the home (P = .002). TP children were also more physically active (P = .035). No differences in parental feeding practices, parenting, quality of life, child sleep, or behavior were observed. CONCLUSIONS Frequent, low-dose support was effective for reducing excessive weight in predominantly mild to moderately overweight children over a 2-year period. Such initiatives could feasibly be incorporated into primary care.
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Bhopal, Raj S. "Genetic explanations 2: adaptations in body size, shape, and composition." In Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198833246.003.0003.
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Central body fat has been shown to be metabolically harmful while peripheral fat is neutral or even beneficial. The adipose tissue (compartment) overflow and the variable disease selection hypotheses aim to explain why South Asians tend to central adiposity. The former proposes it results from a small superficial subcutaneous fat compartment especially in the lower limbs, so excess energy is deposited as fat in central compartments. The evolutionary forces for this are presumed to be climatic. The latter proposes central fat deposits in South Asians are an evolutionary adaptation to combat gastrointestinal infections. South Asians’ also have small muscle mass, and small hips, for which there are no well-defined hypotheses. The small size at birth of South Asians may be relevant to all these observations. These differences in fat distribution, muscle and skeletal structure could explain a tendency to central (apple-shaped) obesity than generalized or peripheral obesity (pear-shaped).
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Szathmary, Emöke J. E. "Application of Our Understanding of Genetic Variation in Native North America." In Genetics of Cellular, Individual, Family, and Population Variability. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066258.003.0015.
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Abstract What are important risk factors for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by Native Americans? The most likely response would have two components: one focusing on obesity, the other, on the amount of Amerindian ancestry. The higher the proportion of genes of Amerindian origin in a population, the greater the prevalence of NIDDM (Brosseau et al., 1979; Chakraborty et al., 1986; Gardner et al., 1984; Lee et al., 1985). The longer the duration of obesity in an individual (Knowler et al., 1981; Pettitt et al., 1983), or the type of obesity-for example, upper body fatness rather than just a generalized excess adiposity (Lee et al., 1985; Szathmary and Holt, 1983)-the more likely that an adult will develop diabetes. The organizing theory behind these observations is that in Indians (Knowler et al., 1983; Weiss et al., 1984) natural selection has favoured the spread of “thrifty genes” (Neel, 1962, 1982), postulated to be advantageous under conditions of alternating feast and famine but deleterious in times of continuous and ample food supply. Accordingly, NIDDM occurs in genetically susceptible individuals whose lifestyle differs radically from those of their ancestors. Because obesity is believed to have been a rare condition until recently, the NIDDM phenotype either did not emerge in the past, or emerged so rarely that the disease remained virtually unknown among Native Americans until the 1940s (West, 1974, 1978).
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Liveson, Jay Allan. "Critical Illness Weakness After Gastric Bypass." In Peripheral Neurology. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135633.003.0114.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Because of marked obesity, a 28-year-old woman underwent a gastric bypass operation, which was followed by a reoperation for wound problems. In the interim, a nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed when she developed leg edema. She started to develop generalized weakness after the original procedure, progressing during the subsequent days to a severe total quadriparesis. Except for sleep apnea, patient had no prior medical history. Studies revealed atalectatic or fibrotic lung bases, and CT evidence consistent with fatty liver. Serum chemistry abnormalities included total protein, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, with many other borderline studies.
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Nie, Guangjun. "Production and Application of Cellulose, Dietary Fiber, and Nanocellulose from Bamboo Shoot." In Bamboo - Recent Development and Application [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109087.
Full textAbstract:
The cellulose from bamboo has excellent toughness, hygroscopicity, and high crystallinity. Bamboo shoot dietary fiber can modulate the gut microbiota to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and can be applied for food fortification. Bamboo shoot contains a low content of lignin and is extracted easily for nanocellulose, which is used to prepare all kinds of composite materials. In this chapter, lignification process of bamboo shoot shells will first be discussed to reveal the principle of lignification. Then, the preparation methods and applications of cellulose, dietary fiber, and nanocellulose from bamboo shoots that were successively generalized to further improve the exploration and application of bamboo shoots or bamboo shoot wastes such as bamboo shoot shells.
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Boon, Andrea J. "Neuromuscular Ultrasound in the EMG Lab." In Clinical Neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259631.003.0027.
Full textAbstract:
Neuromuscular ultrasound is a portable, relatively inexpensive, widely available imaging modality that can be used to enhance the electrodiagnostic evaluation by improving its safety and accuracy, particularly in high-risk settings such as obesity, altered anatomy, anticoagulation, or other technically challenging situations. Furthermore, the emerging field of neuromuscular ultrasound has the potential to significantly increase diagnostic yield in patients presenting for electrodiagnostic testing. Focal lesions affecting nerve or muscle as well as more generalized polyneuropathy and myopathy can be diagnosed and characterized with ultrasound, including certain cases in which electrodiagnostic testing is inconclusive or negative. This chapter will review the rationale for combining electrodiagnosis with sonography in the clinical setting, including use of ultrasound to enhance safety and diagnostic yield when evaluating for neuromuscular respiratory failure.
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Blanco, Francisco J. "Osteoarthritis." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0072.
Full textAbstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease related to ageing involving cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone sclerosis, degeneration of ligaments and, in the knee, the menisci and hypertrophy of the joint capsule. Other alterations, in periarticular muscles, nerves, bursa, and local fat pads, also contribute to OA. Some risk factors are associated with OA and it is possible to differentiate between risk factors that confer a generalized susceptibility to OA, such as age, osteoporosis, heredity, and gender, and the differing local biomechanical factors of joints, such as trauma, anatomical variance of the articulation, occupational exposures, and obesity. The treatment of osteoarthritis should be individualized and adjusted to the joint affected. The objectives are to control pain, maintain function, and to slow progression. Treatment of OA can be considered in symptom-modifying and structure-modifying treatments.
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Boon, Andrea J. "Neuromuscular Ultrasound in the EMG Laboratory." In Clinical Neurophysiology, 5th ed., edited by Devon I. Rubin. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190067854.003.0037.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Neuromuscular ultrasound is a rapidly evolving imaging field that is an ideal diagnostic adjunct to clinical neurophysiology. Where electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCSs) can demonstrate the pathophysiology of a lesion, ultrasound can often determine the underlying cause. Ultrasound is noninvasive, safe, portable, and relatively inexpensive compared to magnetic resonance imaging. High-definition imaging of nerves and muscles allows the electrodiagnostician to identify causes of entrapment, such as cysts, fascial bands, tumors, sites of multifocal or uniform nerve enlargement in more generalized polyneuropathies, and changes in muscle echotexture associated with fibrous or fatty replacement of muscle fibers seen in dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, and denervation. Ultrasound guidance can enhance the accuracy and safety of NCSs and needle EMG in certain situations, such as obesity, altered anatomy, anticoagulation, or when testing in close proximity to vital structures such as the lung or large blood vessels.
Conference papers on the topic "Generalized obesity"
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Lee, Sungyoung, Sohee Oh, Min-Seok Kwon, Seungyeoun Lee, and Taesung Park. "Two-way interaction analysis of obesity trait from Korean population using generalized MDR." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibmw.2010.5703827.
Full textReports on the topic "Generalized obesity"
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Comola, Margherita, Rokhaya Dieye, and Bernard Fortin. Heterogeneous peer effects and gender-based interventions for teenage obesity. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/tqag9043.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the role of gender heterogeneity in the social diffusion of obesity among adolescents and its policy implications. We propose a generalized linear social interaction model which allows for gender-dependent heterogeneity in peer effects through the channel of social synergy. We estimate the model using data on adolescent Body Mass Index and network-based interactions. Our results show that peer effects are gender-dependent, and male students are particularly responsive to the weight of their female friends. Our simulations indicate that female-tailored interventions are likely to be more effective than a gender-neutral approach to fight obesity in schools.