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Thakur, Rajesh Kumar. "Metabolic Profiles in Abdominal Obesity and Generalized Obesity in College Students." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 04 (2017): 19877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.27.
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Vennam, Bodhi Sri Vidya, N. G. Nagamani, R. V. Manasa, Sanjana P., and Prasantha Ratna R. "Obesity and associated factors among the residents of field practice area of urban health centre in North Andhra." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (2018): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183977.
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Background: Obesity is becoming an important public health problem in India. The objectives were to know the prevalence of obesity (generalized obesity, abdominal obesity), to know the difference in prevalence of abdominal obesity with respect to waist circumference and waist hip ratio, to know the factors associated with obesity.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study done at field practice area of urban health centre. 306 study subjects (15-65 years) were included into the study. A semi-structured schedule was applied. Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 was considered as generalized obesity. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio were calculated.Results: The prevalence of generalized obesity was 35.6%. Abdominal obesity was rose from 56.2% to 76.1% when waist-hip ratio was taken as parameter instead of waist circumference. Most of the study subjects were not physically active.Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity is high among study subjects.
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Solanki, Dhiraj Kumar, Rama Walia, Akanksha Gautam, Anoop Misra, Arun Kumar Aggarwal, and Anil Bhansali. "Prevalence of abdominal obesity in non-obese adolescents: a North Indian adolescent study." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 7 (2020): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0026.
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AbstractContextChildhood obesity is defined based on body mass index (BMI) criteria. Asian adults have more abdominal adiposity as compared to Western people for an equivalent BMI. Similarly, children who are non-obese/overweight by BMI criteria may have abdominal obesity. It is important to identify and target this population to reduce future cardiovascular risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate and inter-relate the prevalence of obesity subtypes (generalized and abdominal) in school going adolescents.MethodsA randomized cross-sectional community based study was conducted, which was carried out in 13 schools of Chandigarh, a North Indian city. 10,037 school going adolescents of age 10–18 years were evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and generalized obesity in present study was 9.3 and 4.9% respectively. Generalized obesity was observed in 4.2% of males and 5.7% of females (p-Value = 0.001). The abdominal obesity was noted in 5.4% of children and its prevalence increased progressively with age. The prevalence was highest in 16–18 years age-group (7.6%, p<0.001). 39.3% of abdominally obese subjects were not obese by BMI criteria, while prevalence of abdominal obesity in nonobese adolescents was 2.24%. It was more prevalent in females (3.7%) than males (3%, p=0.025). Prevalence of obesity was 7.9 and 1.8% in private and government schools respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsAbdominal obesity is more prevalent than generalized obesity and shows increasing trend with age. Interestingly, over one third of centrally obese adolescents are not obese by BMI criteria. This underlines the importance of waist circumference measurement in addition to BMI while assessing obesity.
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Undavalli, Vamsi Krishna, Satyanarayana Chowdary Ponnaganti, and Hanumanth Narni. "Prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity: India’s big problem." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 4 (2018): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180984.
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Background: The rising prevalence overweight and obesity in India has a direct correlation with the increasing prevalence of obesity-related co-morbidities; hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. The risk for these disorders appears to start from a body mass index (BMI) of about 21 kg/m2. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity in the field practice area.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study conducted among 309 people in the rural field practice area of medical college from January to March, 2017.Results: In the present study prevalence of generalized, abdominal and combined obesity was 56%, 71.2% and 51.3% respectively.Conclusions: Prevention of obesity should begin in early childhood. Obesity is harder to treat in adults than it is in children. The control of obesity centers on the weight reduction. Information Education and Communication (IEC), Behaviour change communication (BCC) is used to encourage individuals of the society to adopt healthy behaviours like dietary modifications, increased physical activity and a combination of both.
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Dilrukshi, M. D. S. A., V. Thotamuna, D. J. Senarath Yapa, L. De Silva, P. Ranasinghe, and P. Katulanda. "Influence of Overweight and Obesity on Morbidity and Mortality among Hospitalized Patients in Sri Lanka: A Single-Center Analysis." Journal of Obesity 2022 (August 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9172365.
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Background. Current evidence regarding the association between overweight and obesity and in-hospital morbidity and mortality is inconsistent and South Asian populations are underrepresented. Methods. Data relevant to anthropometry, hospital outcomes, complications, and medical diagnoses of all acute medical admissions to the National Hospital of Sri Lanka were collected over a period of 3 months. Analysis was performed with WHO international (ICs) and Asian obesity cut-offs (ACs). Results. Sample size was 2,128 (median age: 57 years [IQR: 42, 67], males: 49.7%). High prevalence of overweight (23.5%), generalized obesity (10.4%), central obesity (28.5%), and underweight (15.4%) was observed (ICs). Patients with either generalized or central obesity had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (4.8% versus 2.5%, p = 0.031 ) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3.9% versus 1.2%) ( p = 0.001 ) compared to normal weight. With ACs, overweight and obesity prevalence increased, without any significant increment in morbidity and mortality, but median length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in patients with generalized obesity compared to normal (3 [IQR: 2, 5] versus 4 [IQR: 2, 6], p = 0.014 ). Infections (44.4%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (25.9%) were the most common causes of admission. Overweight and generalized obesity or central obesity were associated with increased prevalence of acute CVDs and CVD risk factors and lower prevalence of acute infections, whilst underweight showed an inverse association. Conclusion. A double burden of malnutrition and diseases were noted among hospital admissions, with obesity being a risk factor for in-hospital all-cause mortality and AKI. Overweight and obesity were associated with increased CVDs and reduced infections. Larger prospective studies are required to characterize these associations among South Asians.
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Varadappa, Sanjay T., Soubhagya Kathali, and Lavanya Rajesh. "Obesity and its Determinants among Indian Elderly Women: Evidence from Community-based Study." Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics 21, no. 1 (2025): 40–45. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiag.jiag_85_24.
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Abstract Introduction: The trend of obesity is increasing in all age groups, especially among elderly women owing to the interplay of aging and lifestyle factors leading to poor quality of life. Obesity among elderly women will be a serious public health concern in the near future because of their sheer number with longer life expectancy. In spite of its significance, there is a dearth of studies on obesity involving solely elderly women in India. Materials and Methods: A community-based study was undertaken in an urban field practice area of a medical college by involving 510 elderly women aged ≥60 years using the Probability-Proportion-to-Size technique. Data on sociopersonal characteristics and lifestyle factors (dietary and physical exercise practices) were collected, and height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference were recorded by visiting household. Results: The prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity was 77.3% and 80.6%, respectively. Generalized obesity was associated with age, religion, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, number of meals, plain water intake, and physical exercise (P < 0.001), whereas abdominal obesity was associated with religion, occupation, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, number of meals, type of diet, and physical exercise (P < 0.001). Conclusions: More than two-thirds of the elderly women were having generalized and abdominal obesity. Many of the sociopersonal and lifestyle factors were significantly associated with generalized and abdominal obesity which calls for similar research in the future and to develop culturally appropriate interventions.
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Gomes, Ana Paula, Ana Luiza G. Soares, Ana M. B. Menezes, et al. "Adiposity, depression and anxiety: interrelationship and possible mediators." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (November 22, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001119.
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OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between adiposity, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and to assess the role of inflammation, diet quality and physical activity in this association. METHODS: We used data from 2,977 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas Cohort (Brazil) who attended the 18- and 22-year follow-ups. We assessed general obesity using body mass index, fat mass index, and abdominal obesity using waist circumference. Major Depressive Disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were assessed using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were used as a measure of inflammation; diet quality was estimated using the revised diet quality index, and physical activity was assessed by the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ, min/day). The association between adiposity and major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder was assessed using logistic regression, and the natural indirect effect via the mediators was estimated using G-computation. RESULTS: General obesity assessed by body mass index (OR: 2.3; 95% CI:1.13; 4.85), fat mass index (OR: 2.6; 95%CI: 1.37; 4.83), and abdominal obesity (OR: 2.5; 95%CI: 1.18; 5.39) were associated with higher odds of major depressive disorder, whereas major depressive disorder was only associated with obesity assessed by body mass index (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.09; 3.46). Obesity and generalized anxiety disorder were not associated. C-reactive protein, diet quality and physical activity did not mediate the effect of obesity on major depressive disorder, and C-reactive protein mediated about 25% of the effect of major depressive disorder on adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, but not generalized anxiety disorder, is associated with adiposity in both directions, with a stronger evidence for the direction obesity-depression. Inflammation explains part of the effect of major depressive disorder on obesity but not the other way around. Further research should explore other mechanisms that could be involved in the association between obesity and depression.
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El-Kassas, Germine, and Fouad Ziade. "Exploration of the Risk Factors of Generalized and Central Obesity among Adolescents in North Lebanon." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2879075.
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Adolescents’ obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and in the Arab countries. Alarming rates of overweight/obesity have been rising progressively in Lebanon. However, the risk factors for the development of adolescents’ obesity have not yet been thoroughly explored in North Lebanon. To determine the dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with generalized and central obesity among adolescents living in Tripoli, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a representative sample of 311 students aged 11–16 years from both sexes chosen from public and private schools in Tripoli. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control BMI for age percentiles. Central obesity was assessed using both waist-to-height ratio and gender-specific waist circumference for age indices. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast and physical inactivity were the most significant independent risk factors associated with both generalized and central obesity. In addition, higher screen time and male gender were associated with increased risk for generalized and central obesity, respectively. Intervention strategies to prevent the development of obesity should be implemented among adolescent students to encourage regular breakfast intake and adopting healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors.
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Alencar, Yasmyn Soares de, Gustavo Garcia Castro, Jayna Pereira Fontes dos Santos, Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez, Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi, and Meire Coelho Ferreira. "Cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the brazilian airforce at Alcântara (MA)." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 22, no. 2 (2023): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v22i2.54191.
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Objective: To investigate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the Brazilian Air Force in Alcântara, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with clinical records of 240 active military personnel from the Medical and Statistical Archives Service and nutritional assessment from the Nutrition Subsection Sector. The modifiable (diabetes mellitus - DM, systemic arterial hypertension - SAH, generalized obesity, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, sedentarism, smoking, and alcoholism) and non-modifiable (gender and age) cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric data, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were extracted. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was applied (a=5%). Results: The sample was predominantly male (55.8%) and with a mean age of 33 (±8.4) years. The most prevalent risk factors were overweight (43.8%), abdominal obesity (42.9%), generalized obesity (21.3%), alcoholism (34.6%), and sedentary lifestyle (31.3%). Regarding the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to gender, a significant association was found with SAH, sedentarism, abdominal obesity and nutritional status (p=0.004, p=0.027, p=0.040 and p=0.018, respectively). For the sample studied, 2.7% had CVD. Conclusions: The predominant cardiovascular risk factors were overweight, abdominal obesity, generalized obesity, alcoholism and sedentary lifestyle. In men, hypertension and overweight were predominant, and in women, sedentarism and abdominal obesity.
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Oo, San San, U. S. Mahadeva Rao, and Thant Zin. "PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AMONG ADULT AT THE KAMPUNG KOLAM, EAST COAST MALAYSIAN PENINSULA-A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 3 (2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16888.
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Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among adults aged 18 y and above at the Kampaung kolam, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.Methods: This cross-sectional survey comprised of a semi-structured face to face interview questionnaire and collected anthropometric measurements and sex specific waist circumference in cm. The study population was 70 in total with 21 (30%) males and 49 (70%) females aged 18 y and above were selected by universal sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was used for weight status and sex specific waist circumference (WC) in cm was used for assessment of abdominal or central obesity at risk of metabolic complications associated with obesity.Results: Among men, the prevalence of underweight was 9.5%, normal weight 57.1%, overweight 14.3% and obesity 19.1%, while among women, the prevalence of underweight was 12.2%, normal weight 53.1%, overweight 14.3% and obesity 20.4%. Overall, 18 (25.7%) was obese and 52 (74.3%) was non-obese while sex specific WC in cm 19 (27.1%) was abdominal obese who were at risk of metabolic complication associated with obesity and 51 (72.9%) was not at risk. In chi-square association tests revealed that among respondents, currently married, unemployed and having family history with obesity were associated with generalized obesity while respondents who were currently married and having fast food frequently were associated with abdominal obesity and respondents who being currently married, unemployed and having fast food frequently were more likely to obese in generalized as well as abdominally.Conclusion: There was no association between generalized, abdominal and generalized and abdominal obesity with age, gender, education, flat floor structure, dietary patterns and habits, physical activities, sleep pattern and knowledge and attitude level towards obesity but those factors can be utilized in effective health promotion programmers of weight management strategies by targeting those factors in design for prevention of hypertension, diabetes and related cardio vascular diseases CVD.
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Memon, Ghulam Ali, and Syeda Momina Muhammad. "Procedures for Obesity by Plastic Surgeons." JMMC 8, no. 2 (2019): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.62118/jmmc.v8i2.34.
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Treatment of Obesity is always indirect because there is a generalized fat collection. Many surgeons have devised different methods which are either direct or indirect.Indirect methods: Are abdominal procedures where the size of stomach is reduced by different surgical methods and hence the size of stomach, so the absorption of food becomes limited.Direct Methods: Are insufficient to control the obesity; an attempt is made to show some of the procedures which can be used for not the generalized obesity but for localized collection of fat volumes
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Barlösius, Eva, and Axel Philipps. "Felt stigma and obesity: Introducing the generalized other." Social Science & Medicine 130 (April 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.048.
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K, Narasimha Rai, S. Jeganathan P, and M. Damodara Gowda K. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, GLYCEMIC STATUS AND LIPID PROFILE IN HEALTHY AND DIABETIC PATIENTS." International journal Basic And Applied Physiology 5, no. 1 (2016): 47–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4497606.
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<strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> Obesity is a positive risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Lack of systematic study on these aspects provoked to compare the nutritional, glycemic status and lipid profile in healthy and diabetic patients. <strong>Methods</strong>: In the present study, 57 age and sex matched non-diabetic subjects, 58 diabetic only and 43 diabetic with hypertension individuals were recruited. BMI, Waist-Hip ratio, Fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were estimated using standard procedure. The data was compared using Analysis of Variance. P value was taken as significant at 5 percent confidence level (P<0.05).<strong>Results:</strong> Analysis showed a significant increase in FBS, PPBS and HbA1c levels (p=0.001 respectively), W/H ratio (p=0.005), BMI (p=0.05) serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels (p=0.001) in Group-1 and Group-2 compared to controls. The HbA1c levels were higher in males of diabetic group with W/H ratio > 0.95 (p=0.001) and females of diabetic group with W/H ratio >0.80 (p= 0.001) respectively.<strong>Interpretation and Conclusion</strong>: While FBS and PPBS measurements are established guide for modifying treatment, measurement of HbA1c must be considered as a standard method for assessing longterm glycaemic control.
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Wang, Tiange, Mian Li, Bing Chen, et al. "Urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) Concentration Associates with Obesity and Insulin Resistance." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 97, no. 2 (2012): E223—E227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1989.
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Context: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the world's highest-volume chemicals in use today. Previous studies have suggested BPA disturbs body weight regulation and promotes obesity and insulin resistance. But epidemiological data in humans were limited. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether BPA associates with obesity and insulin resistance. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study included 3390 adults aged 40 yr or older, in Songnan Community, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China. Main Outcome Measures: Questionnaire, clinical and biochemical measurements, and urinary BPA concentration were determined. Generalized overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) of 24 to less than 28 kg/m2 and obesity was defined as BMI of 28 kg/m2 or higher. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference at least 90 cm for men and at least 85 cm for women. Insulin resistance was defined as the index of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance higher than 2.50. Results: The participants in the highest quartile of BPA had the highest prevalence of generalized obesity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.97], abdominal obesity (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.03–1.60), and insulin resistance (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.06–1.77). In participants with BMI under 24 kg/m2, compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of BPA increased the prevalence of insulin resistance by 94% (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.20–3.14), but this association was not observed in those with BMI of 24 kg/m2 or higher. Conclusions: BPA was positively associated with generalized obesity, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
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Pfeiffer, Corinna, Adam Schweda, Lynik Chantal Schüren, et al. "Generalized Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Dysfunctional Eating Behavior after Obesity Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (2021): 10890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010890.
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Purpose: The present study investigates the impact of obesity surgery on mental health (i.e., eating behavior and distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two hundred fifty-four participants were recruited via social media. One hundred fourteen (44.53%) of them were surgery candidates (waiting for obesity surgery), while 142 (55.46%) had already undergone surgery. Participants who underwent surgery were compared to participants that did not yet undergo surgery in terms of mental burden (depression and anxiety), as well as safety and eating behavior. Further moderation analyses attempted to identify risk factors for increased COVID-19-related dysfunctional eating behavior after surgery. Results: Participants who underwent surgery showed generally lower levels of depression and general anxiety on a trend level. Moderation analyses suggested that people with high levels of generalized anxiety actually show more dysfunctional COVID-19-specific eating behavior after obesity surgery. Conclusion: On a trend level, obesity surgery appears to attenuate symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression. Yet, surgery patients with high levels of generalized anxiety exhibit even higher levels of dysfunctional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore particularly important to support people at risk.
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Motevalli, Mohamad, Clemens Drenowatz, Derrick R. Tanous, Naim Akhtar Khan, and Katharina Wirnitzer. "Management of Childhood Obesity—Time to Shift from Generalized to Personalized Intervention Strategies." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041200.
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As a major public health concern, childhood obesity is a multifaceted and multilevel metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and behavioral aspects. While genetic risk factors contribute to and interact with the onset and development of excess body weight, available evidence indicates that several modifiable obesogenic behaviors play a crucial role in the etiology of childhood obesity. Although a variety of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of several interventions in community-based, school-based, and home-based programs regarding childhood obesity, the prevalence of children with excess body weight remains high. Additionally, researchers and pediatric clinicians are often encountering several challenges and the characteristics of an optimal weight management strategy remain controversial. Strategies involving a combination of physical activity, nutritional, and educational interventions are likely to yield better outcomes compared to single-component strategies but various prohibitory limitations have been reported in practice. This review seeks to (i) provide a brief overview of the current preventative and therapeutic approaches towards childhood obesity, (ii) discuss the complexity and limitations of research in the childhood obesity area, and (iii) suggest an Etiology-Based Personalized Intervention Strategy Targeting Childhood Obesity (EPISTCO). This purposeful approach includes prioritized nutritional, educational, behavioral, and physical activity intervention strategies directly based on the etiology of obesity and interpretation of individual characteristics.
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Bora, Kaustubh, Mauchumi Saikia Pathak, Probodh Borah, and Dulmoni Das. "Association of Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) With Obesity and Risk Estimates for Decreased HDL-C Attributable to Obesity." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 8, no. 1 (2016): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131916664706.
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Background: Obesity is an important risk factor for decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, which predisposes to cardiovascular diseases. But, the relative contribution of obesity toward decreased HDL-C and the risk estimates of decreased HDL-C attributable to obesity are unavailable. Such measures will help in understanding the extent by which the burden of decreased HDL-C can be reduced by tackling obesity. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to ( a) determine the association between decreased HDL-C and obesity and ( b) estimate the attributable risk proportion (ARP) and population attributable risk proportion (PARP) for decreased HDL-C due to obesity. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured as indices of overweight (or generalized obesity) and central obesity, respectively in 190 subjects (95 cases with low HDL-C and 95 healthy controls with normal HDL-C) from Guwahati city. Crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated along with the risk estimates (ARP and PARP). Results: People with overweight or generlized obesity (adjusted OR = 4.90, 95% CI = 3.59-6.68), and people with central obesity (adjusted OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 2.39-4.64) had significantly greater odds of developing decreased HDL-C. Among the exposed, 79.8% of the decreased HDL-C cases could be attributed to overweight (or generalized obesity), while 72.8% cases could be attributed to central obesity. In the overall population, the corresponding figures were 57.1% and 36%, respectively. Conclusion: Decreased HDL-C is strongly associated with and largely attributable to obesity.
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Ide, Toochukwu James Paulmiki, Chika Isabelle Ndiokwelu, Nyakno Akpan Essien, Aloysius Nwabugo Maduforo, Chrysanthus Chukwuemeka Odo, and Henrietta Nkechi Ene-Obong. "Association between abdominal obesity and some selected non-communicable diseases among adults in Calabar metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria." Journal of Dietitians Association of Nigeria 13, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jdan.v13i1.1.
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Background: Fat accumulation around the abdomen is an important consideration in obesity studies and management. Generalized obesity indices alone without considering abdominal obesity are not sufficient in the study and treatment of obesity and the related escalating cases of preventable non-communicable diseases globally.
 Objective: This study assessed the relationship between abdominal obesity and some selected non-communicable diseases such as generalized obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes among adults in Calabar Metropolis.
 Materials and methods: A multistage sampling technique was used to select 500 participants (20-70 years). The cross-sectional descriptive study adapted the WHO STEPwise questionnaire for surveillance of non-communicable diseases. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, percentages, chi-square, correlation, and logistic regression; significant differences were established at p<0.05.
 Results: 51% of the participants were single while 44.8% were married. It was found that 27.8% and 56.9% of males, as well as 31.1% and 41.1% of females who were diagnosed with hypertension, had high and very high waist circumferences respectively compared to fewer males and females who were undiagnosed with hypertension. There was a correlation between waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure (r= -0.102, p=0.022) as well as with random blood glucose (r=0.123, p=0.006). The males had higher odds to develop hypertension (OR=2.754; CI=1.776-4.270) and fewer odds to develop abdominal obesity compared to the females.
 Conclusion: There were strong associations between hypertension, type 2 diabetes, generalized obesity, and waist circumference of the participants. More individuals with high waist circumferences had hypertension. Men were less likely to have abdominal obesity in relation to high blood pressure compared to women. There should be appropriate interventions for the individuals who were already diagnosed with the various NCDs while those at risk of developing the disorders should be identified within the population for proper counseling.
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Dessein, Patrick H., Linda Tsang, Angela J. Woodiwiss, Gavin R. Norton, and Ahmed Solomon. "Circulating Concentrations of the Novel Adipokine Chemerin Are Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 9 (2014): 1746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.140122.
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Objective.Depending on physiological context, the adipokine chemerin can reduce or enhance cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether chemerin concentrations represent cardiovascular disease risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.We assessed ELISA-determined chemerin concentrations and those of 4 early endothelial activation molecules as well as angiopoietin 2, which mediates angiogenesis and thereby contributes to advanced atherosclerosis, the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), and carotid artery plaque by ultrasound in 236 patients (114 black and 122 white) with RA. Relationships were identified in potential confounder and mediator-adjusted mixed regression models.Results.Mean (SD) chemerin and median (interquartile range) angiopoietin 2 concentrations were 114 (35) ng/ml and 2560 (2044–3341) pg/ml, respectively; the mean (SD) cIMT was 0.708 (0.110) mm, and 40.3% of patients had plaque. Chemerin concentrations were not related to those of early endothelial activation molecules, but associated with those of angiopoietin 2 [β SE = 0.002 (0.0004), p < 0.0001] and plaque [OR 1.006 (95% CI 1.00–1.013), p = 0.05] in all patients. The presence of major conventional cardiovascular risk factors, generalized and abdominal obesity, and RA severity markers modified the independent chemerin-cardiovascular risk relations (interaction p < 0.05). Consequently, chemerin concentrations were associated with cIMT in those with but not without overweight or generalized obesity and abdominal obesity [β SE = 0.001 (0.0003), p = 0.005 and 0.001 (0.0001), p = 0.001 vs −0.001 (0.0004), p = 0.2 and −0.0002 (0.0004), p = 0.6, respectively], and with plaque in those without but not with generalized obesity [OR 1.008 (95% CI) 1.000–1.016, p = 0.03 vs 1.003 (0.990–1.017), p = 0.6, respectively]. The β (SE) for the chemerin-intima-media thickness relations in patients with overweight or generalized obesity and abdominal obesity were larger than in those without these characteristics (p < 0.0001 and = 0.04, respectively).Conclusion.Chemerin is associated with endothelial activation and atherosclerosis in RA. Adiposity influences the chemerin-atherosclerotic phenotype relations in RA.
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Bably Sabina Azhar, Muminun Ara, Mariom Yasmin, et al. "Association of hypertension with generalized and central obesity in rural adults: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 7, no. 1 (2022): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.7.1.0221.
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Background and aim: Obesity and hypertension are public health concerns. An increase in body weight is typically followed by an increase in blood pressure. This study aimed to investigate the association of general and central obesity with hypertension in Bangladeshi adults using WHO classification. Methods: A Cross-sectional study of Bangladeshi adults (both males and females) aged (20-65 years). General obesity was determined by BMI in kg/m2. WHO classification for BMI for Asian population are underweight (BMI <18.5), normal (BMI 18.5-23.5), overweight (BMI 23.5-27.5) and obese (BMI ˃27.5). Central obesity was defined as a WC≥80 cm for females and ≥90 cm for males. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140mmHg and/or, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90mmHg and/ or, intake of anti-hypertensive drugs at the time of data collection. Prehypertension was defined as SBP 120–139mmHg; and/or DBP 80–89mmHg. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of general and central obesity with hypertension. Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of hypertension in Bangladeshi males and females was 15.3% and 6.0% respectively. The males had a higher prevalence of general obesity (13.3%), central obesity (35.3%) and hypertension (15.3%) compared to the females (13.0, 28.5, and 6.0%, respectively). The odds of having hypertension for general and central obesity were 2.18 95% CI (1.12-4.23), 1.53 95% CI (0.94-2.5) while adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were 1.31 95% CI (0.76-2.27) and 1.67 95% CI 0.97-2.87 respectively. Conclusion: Thus, not only general obesity but also central obesity should be used to assess obesity in Bangladeshi adults.
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Kumar, S. Senthil, S. Vithiavathi, P. Parameswaren, and S. Rakesh Kumar. "Measures of generalized and central obesity among medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 5 (2018): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20183820.
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Background: Obesity is a disease process characterized by excessive body fat accumulation which is associated with a large number of debilitating and life-threatening disorders. It is necessary to curb obesity when its beginning in late childhood or adolescence and youngsters. Hence this study is aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among medical college students.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference were measured, and BMI and Waist Hip ratio has been calculated according to WHO standards to determine obesity level in students.Results: Out of the total 94 students included in the study 56.4% students were in normal weight, 26.6% overweight, 6.4% were obese and shockingly 10.6 % were in the underweight category. Nearly 81.8% and 79.5% of female and male students respectively were in the substantially increased risk category showing insignificant difference between genders.Conclusions: This study shows that overweight and obesity is prevalent among medical students without much difference in gender basis. Frequent screening might create awareness among students and help them become more self-conscious regarding overweight and obesity.
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He, Yirong, Biru Luo, Li Zhao, and Shujuan Liao. "Influences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Obesity and Weight-Related Behaviors among Chinese Children: A Multi-Center Longitudinal Study." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (2022): 3744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183744.
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COVID-19-related lockdown measures have been affecting children’s weight status and weight-related behaviors, which are often associated with an increase in childhood obesity. However, large-scale longitudinal studies are lacking. Our study aimed to analyze changes in obesity and weight-related behaviors in Chinese children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide references for addressing the high prevalence of childhood obesity. A prospective multi-center longitudinal survey was conducted among Chinese children (n = 5963), collecting data on weight status, COVID-19-related measures, and lifestyle behaviors. Changes were assessed using t-tests and χ2 tests for paired samples, or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, according to the type and distribution of data. The Generalized Estimating Equations model was used to explore influential factors of obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 9.2% and 8.6% before the pandemic to 10.5% and 10.6% during the pandemic (p < 0.001), respectively. Daily physical activity, sleep duration, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption decreased while screen time increased. The results of the generalized estimating equations showed that ethnic minority, older age, less daily physical activity, reduced sleep duration, and longer screen time were positively associated with obesity. There is an intensifying trend of obesity in children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to which altered weight-related behaviors might have contributed largely. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, especially in social crises, should be highlighted to ease the burden of childhood obesity.
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Shafiee, Gita, Mostafa Qorbani, Ramin Heshmat, et al. "Wrist circumference as a novel predictor of obesity in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 7 (2018): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0206.
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Abstract Background Recent studies have discussed the application of wrist circumference as an easy-to-use predictor of general and abdominal obesity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the association of wrist circumference with generalized and abdominal obesity and to determine its sex- and age-specific optimal cutoff points in association with generalized and abdominal obesity in a national sample of pediatric population. Methods This nationwide survey was conducted among 14,880 students, aged 6–18 years, selected through a multistage, random cluster sampling method from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces in Iran from 2011 to 2012. Anthropometric indices (weight, height, wrist circumference, waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC]) were measured by standard protocols using calibrated instruments. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. By considering the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, we evaluated the association of wrist circumference with obesity indices and determined its sex- and age-specific optimal cutoff points in association with obesity. AUC: 0.5, AUC: 0.5–0.65 and AUC: 0.65–1.0 were interpreted as equal to chance, moderately and highly accurate tests, respectively. Results Overall, 13,486 children and adolescents with a mean age of 12.47±3.36 years completed the study (participation rate of 90.6%). In both genders, wrist circumference had a significant correlation with anthropometric measures including weight, height, BMI, WC, HC and WHtR. In all age groups and both genders, wrist circumference performed relatively well in classifying individuals into overweight (AUC: 0.67–0.75, p<0.001), generalized obesity (AUC: 0.81–0.85, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity (AUC: 0.82–0.87, p<0.001). Conclusions Wrist circumference is suggested to be a useful index for assessing excess weight in the pediatric age group. Its easy measurement without the need of calculation ratios might make it as a routine measurement in daily clinical practice and in large epidemiological studies.
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Dong, Xiaoyang, Libin Chen, Yi Liu, Li Zhao, and Weidong Wang. "Effects of pocket money on weight status among junior high school students: A longitudinal study in China." Medicine 102, no. 41 (2023): e34513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034513.
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Overweight and obesity among adolescents has become a common public health problem, and both obesity rates and the amount of pocket money among adolescents in China are rising. We investigated to what extent the increase in pocket money could lead to weight gain of junior high school students and how this association may vary by school environment in China. Researchers utilized 3 waves of data from the China Education Panel Survey, a national longitudinal study, to investigate the likelihood of overweight and obesity. The Generalized Estimation Equation was employed to analyze the data. Three Generalized Estimation Equation models were constructed to explore the relationship between pocket money and overweight and obesity in 2 distinct food environments surrounding schools. A total of 8903 individuals (4604 boys and 4299 girls) from the China Education Panel Survey were analyzed. After adjusting for confounding factors, it was found that girls who received 20 to 49 yuan and ≥ 50 yuan per week had a higher risk of overweight and obesity compared to those who received 0 to 9 yuan per week (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07–1.69, OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.22–1.92). However, no significant association was observed between pocket money and overweight and obesity when food around the school was not easily accessible. The prevalence of overweight among Chinese teenagers has steadily increased from Wave1 to Wave3. Moreover, junior high school girls who receive more pocket money are at a greater risk of developing obesity and overweight issues.
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Khushi Joshi, Et al. "Comparison of Different Machine Learning and Self-Learning Methods for Predicting Obesity on Generalized and Gender-Segregated Data." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 10 (2023): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i10.8510.
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Obesity is a global health concern with long-term implications. Our research applies numerous Machine Learning models consisting of Random Forest model, XGBT(Extreme Gradient Boosting) model, Decision Tree model, k-Nearest Neighbors technique, Support Vector Machine model, Linear Regression model, Naïve Bayes classifier and a neural network named Multilayer Perceptron on an obesity dataset so that we can predict obesity and reduce it. The models are evaluated on recall, accuracy, F1-score, and precision. The findings reveal the performance of the algorithms on generalised and gender-segregated data providing insights concerning feature selection and early obesity identification. This research aims to demonstrate the comparative study of obesity prediction for gender-neutral and gender-specific datasets.
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Momin, Kanwal N., Connor Sheehan, Rafael Samper-Ternent, David S. López, Rebeca Wong, and Sadaf Arefi Milani. "The impact of insomnia symptoms on obesity among Mexicans aged 50 and older." Salud Pública de México 65, no. 5, sept-oct (2023): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/14759.
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Objective. To examine the association between insomnia and obesity in Mexican adults aged 50 and older. Materials and methods. We used data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2015-2018). Self-reported insomnia was measured using the modified insomnia severity index with scores ranging from zero to six. Obesity was categorized using body mass index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). We used generalized estimating equations to assess the association between insomnia and obesity over three years. Results. Insomnia was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01,1.11), among those with no obesity at baseline. Among those with obesity, insomnia was not associated with changes in BMI. Lastly, obesity was not associated with changes in insomnia symptoms. Conclusion. This work highlights the association between insomnia and obesity among older Mexican adults and demonstrates the importance of further studies on the effects of insomnia within this population.
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Sm., Ashik Faysal, Abdullah Maruf Shabbir, Kabir Tasaduk, Hasibur Rahman Sheikh, Hossain Mondal Mosaddek, and Akter Tasmim. "Prevalence of Obesity among the Medical Students; A Cross-Sectional Study in Sylhet." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIO-MEDICAL SCIENCE 05, no. 01 (2025): 10–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14614829.
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<strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of obesity among the medical students in Bangladesh. <strong>Methodology: </strong>This descriptive type of Cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani medical College from july 2018 to June 2019. 850 medical students were the study population. Random sampling was done according to availability of the subjects. Data were collected through interviewing of the subjects. The collected data were entered into the computer and analyzed by using SPSS (version 20.1) <strong>Result:</strong> Total numbers of subjects both male and female were 850. It comprised of 433 (50.94%) male and 417 (49.05%) female. 54.94% students within normal BMI. 16.7% students were overweight and 20.82% students were obese according to BMI. Among male students prevalence of generalized obesity was 20.09%. Among female students prevalence of generalized obesity was 21.58%. The prevalence of central obesity among male students was 12.93% & in female students was 33.81% (assessed by waist circumference). The prevalence of central abdominal obesity among in male students was 28.40% & in female students was 43.65% (assessed by waist hip ratio). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study, female students were found more obese. Most of them also had history of sedentary life style.
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Chernyshov, V. A., and A. A. Nesen. "Obesity as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease: a contemporary view on the problem. Review." Ukrainian Therapeutical Journal, no. 3 (October 5, 2023): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/utj2023-3-62.
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The review article is devoted to an actual clinical problem of participation of obesity in development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some pathogenic links due to which a negative renal effect of obesity is mediated including in particular, dyslipidemia (DLP), endothelial dysfunction (ED) of renal vessels, activation of renin‑angiotensin‑aldosterone system (RAAS), arterial hypertension (AH), a production of adipose tissue mediators with renal injuring properties such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukines 1,6,8 are discussed. The data about the main factors of progression of renal damage associated with obesity included insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, DLP, systemic and renal hemodynamic disorders caused by activation of RAAS (AH, intraglomerular hypertension) are given. The role of metabolic syndrome and its components in pathogenesis of CKD as well as a role of diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently combined with obesity in development of diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) is generalized. Among adipokines a special attention in the present review is paid for pathogenic role of leptin and adiponektin in obesity with its conditions promoted renal damage. The participation of resistance to leptin in the pathogenesis of CKD through such links as IR, ED, oxidative stress and inflammation is discussed. The role of ED and glomerular hyperfiltration in pathogenesis of microalbuminuria is elucidated. The significance of injury of kidney tubular cell structures so called podocytes in pathogenesis of CKD in obesity is uncovered. The clinical significance of early revealing of renal pathology as well as body weight, glycemia level, arterial blood pressure control and following of healthy mode of life in reduction of risk development of CKD associated with obesity, DM and other metabolic disorders is generalized. It’s emphasized that evaluation of lipid and carbohydrate exchange parameters, serum leptin level, IR indices is considered to be perspective for diagnostics of renal damage in obesity.
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Blum, Kenneth, Mark S. Gold, Luis Llanos-Gomez, et al. "Hypothesizing Nutrigenomic-Based Precision Anti-Obesity Treatment and Prophylaxis: Should We Be Targeting Sarcopenia Induced Brain Dysfunction?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (2021): 9774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189774.
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Background: The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates a total obesity rate of 30% for 12 states and a 20% obesity rate nationwide. The obesity epidemic continues to increase in spite of preventative measures undertaken worldwide. Pharmacological treatments promise to reduce total fat mass. However, medications may have significant side effects and can be potentially fatal. Data Retrieval: This brief review, based on a PUBMED search of the key terms “Obesity” and” Sarcopenia,” will present evidence to corroborate the existence of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) in obesity and the involvement of catecholaminergic pathways in substance seeking behavior, particularly as it relates to carbohydrates cravings. Expert Opinion: The genetic basis and future genetic testing of children for risk of aberrant generalized craving behavior are considered a prevention method. Here we present evidence supporting the use of precursor amino acid therapy and modulation of enkephalinase, MOA, and COMT inhibition in key brain regions. Such treatments manifest in improved levels of dopamine/norepinephrine, GABA, serotonin, and enkephalins. We also present evidence substantiating insulin sensitivity enhancement via Chromium salts, which affect dopamine neuronal synthesis regulation. We believe our unique combination of natural ingredients will influence many pathways leading to the promotion of well-being and normal healthy metabolic functioning. Sarcopenia has been shown to reduce angiogenesis and possible cerebral blood flow. Exercise seems to provide a significant benefit to overcome this obesity-promoting loss of muscle density. Conclusion: Utilization of proposed nutrigenomic formulae based on coupling genetic obesity risk testing promotes generalized anti-craving of carbohydrates and can inhibit carbohydrate bingeing, inducing significant healthy fat loss and relapse prevention.
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Penkovoi, E. A., K. S. Golovatova, I. Yu Pchelin, et al. "Periodontal Status of Overweight Patients." Juvenis Scientia, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_21-31.
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Introduction. Today obesity is becoming an epidemic, with the problem of an increasing prevalence of periodontal tissue disease in the population. There is increasing evidence in the literature of the relationship between periodontal health and body weight. Our study aimed to evaluate the condition of periodontal tissues of overweight patients. Patients and methods. In this cross-sectional study, 44 patients were evaluated. 31 overweight/obese patients were included in the main group, 13 patients with normal body mass index (BMI) formed the control group. PMA, Fush and Silness-Loe indices were used to assess periodontal status. Results. An analysis of the relationship between the PMA and Fush indices and the presence of overweight/obesity showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.006). A higher incidence of advanced chronic generalized periodontitis was observed in overweight/obese patients compared to normal weight patients (p = 0.007). The odds for advanced chronic generalized periodontitis were 10,0 times higher in overweight/obese than in normal weight patients (95% CI 1.87–53.48). Conclusion. Our findings indicate that overweight patients had more severe chronic generalized periodontitis than normal-weight patients.
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Jiang, Miao, and E. Michael Foster. "Duration of Breastfeeding and Childhood Obesity: A Generalized Propensity Score Approach." Health Services Research 48, no. 2pt1 (2012): 628–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01456.x.
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Nawab, Tabassum, Zulfia Khan, Iqbal M. Khan, and Mohammad A. Ansari. "Central obesity is a burden even in normal weight adolescents of a non-metropolitan Indian City: A case for alarm and action for prevention and control." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 14, no. 1 (2025): 283–89. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_967_24.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Central obesity (CO) leads to increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks in children and adolescents. The evidence on prevalence of central obesity and its correlates are lacking among adolescents in India. Objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence of central obesity in school-going adolescents, (2) To determine the association between central obesity and generalized obesity (GO) among adolescents, and (3) To determine the correlates of central obesity. Methods: Totally, 660 adolescents, selected using systematic random sampling, in four urban schools in Aligarh were interviewed using pre-designed questionnaire and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. CO was defined as >90th age-and-sex-specific percentile of WC and GO by BMI-for-age-and-sex percentiles given by WHO Growth Reference 2007. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Results: Overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 28.5% [CI: 25.2-32.0], almost double of generalized obesity (14.6%, 95%CI: 12.1-17.6). The prevalence was significantly higher among girls (33.6%, 95%CI: 28.3-39.3) than in boys (24.7%, 95%CI: 20.7-29.3) and in the affluent group (38.8%, 95%CI: 33.7-44.1) than in non-affluent (18.2%, 95%CI: 14.4-22.7). More than 1/4th of normal weight adolescents [27.2% (99/364)] also had CO. Increased fast food intake (OR: 4.1; 95% CI = 2.1-8.1), low Physical Activity Level (OR: 2.4; 95% CI = 1.3-4.3) and more than 10 hours sedentary time spent per day (OR: 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.8) were independent determinants of CO. Conclusion: Central obesity among school-going adolescents of a non-metropolitan Indian city is alarmingly high and a burden even in one-fourth of normal weight adolescents. Screening for CO among adolescents by primary physicians, pediatricians, and through School Health Programme is recommended. Behavior change communication regarding risk factors for CO is advocated.
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Blum, Kenneth, Debasis Bagchi, Abdalla Bowirrat, et al. "Nutrigenomics of Neuradaptogen Amino-Acid-Therapy and Neurometabolic Optimizers: Overcoming carbohydrate bingeing and overeating through neurometabolic mechanisms." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 1, no. 9 (2011): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v1i9.121.
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Despite progress that has been made in the treatment of obesity, the epidemic continues to rise worldwide. While pharmacological treatment of obesity may be effective, medications may have significant side effects and can be potentially fatal. This review will provide significant evidence to substantiate the existence of Reward Deficiency Syndrome in Obesity and the role of catecholaminergic pathways in aberrant substance seeking behavior, in particular cravings for carbohydrates. The genetic basis for generalized craving behavior will be established. Evidence to support the augmentation of precursor amino acid therapy and enkephalinase, MOA and COMT inhibition leading to enhanced levels of neurotransmitters: serotonin, enkephalins, GABA and dopamine/norepinephrine as well increasing insulin sensitivity (affecting dopamine neuronal synthesis regulation) through the use of certain neurometabolic optimizers will also be provided. This review article cites many published studies to support a conceptual paradigm shift towards the use of this proposed nutrigenomic formula. The analysis and research preceding this formulation is outlined. This formulation has a generalized anti-craving effect and can inhibit carbohydrate bingeing, inducing significant healthy fat loss and prevention of relapse. This is the first time that components of this formula have been combined, at the dosage levels indicated with the goal of promoting successful and sustainable body recomposition. We are encouraging other laboratories to further evaluate Neuroadtagen Amino-Acid Therapy (NAAT)/Nurometabolic optimizers as a putative anti-obesity complex in larger controlled blinded studies and await interpretation of must these needed studies. Keywords: NAAT, Dopamine, Genes, Polymorphisms, Obesity, Craving Behavior, Overeating, Reward Deficiency Syndome, Nutrigenomics.
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WALLACE, RODRICK, and DEBORAH N. WALLACE. "STRUCTURED PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND THE US OBESITY EPIDEMIC." Journal of Biological Systems 13, no. 04 (2005): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339005001574.
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We examine the accelerating "obesity epidemic" in the US from the perspective of generalized language-of-thought arguments relating a cognitive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to an embedding context of structured psychosocial stress. From a rate distortion perspective, the obesity epidemic is an image of ratcheting social pathology — indexed by massive, policy-driven, deurbanization and deindustrialization — impressed upon the bodies of American adults and children. The resulting pattern of developmental disorder, while stratified by expected divisions of class and ethnicity, is nonetheless relentlessly engulfing even affluent majority populations.
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KLISHCH, I. M., N. M. MALEVYCH, and Z. M. NEBESNA. "Dynamics of changes in markers of endogenous intoxication in rats with simulating acute generalized peritonitis on a background of obesity." Шпитальна хірургія. Журнал імені Л. Я. Ковальчука, no. 3 (April 9, 2023): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/2414-4533.2023.3.14150.
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The aim of the work: to study the state of indicators of endogenous intoxication in the body of experimental animals with simulated AGP on the background of obesity and to compare them with groups of animals with obesity and with animals with AGP.
 Materials and Methods. The experiment used 64 white Wistar rats, which were divided into three groups: the main group – 24 animals with AGP modeling against the background of obesity; the comparison group – 8 animals with modeling of obesity only; another comparison group – 24 animals with only AGP simulation; the control group consisted of 8 intact animals kept in standard vivarium conditions. АPP was modeled by injecting 10 % filtered fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity. Obesity was simulated using a high-calorie diet. The content of indicators of endogenous intoxication in the blood of animals was determined using the photospectrometric method.
 Results and Discussion. It was established that in animals with АGP against the background of obesity, the indicators of lipoperoxidation were significantly activated (by 1.8 times the level of TBА-AP compared to intact animals) and the antioxidant defense was depleted (according to a statistically significantly lower index of superoxide dismutase by 2.4 times compared to the control) ) (p <0.05).
 Conclusions. The development of AGP is accompanied by the EIS complex, which indicates an increase in catabolic processes in the dynamics of pathology modeling, and is laboratory-detected by a probable increase in the levels of MSM, EII. The depth of endotoxemia in rats increases during all stages of development of acute peritonitis and depends on the presence of accompanying obesity, which is confirmed by significantly higher levels of MM254 and MM280, EII during all observed terms of animals with combined pathology.
 
 
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Kiran, Q., S. Riaz, Z. Hashmi, R. R. Khan, Z. R. Athar, and T. Aamir. "A Cross Sectional Survey on Musculoskeletal Pain Among Postmenopausal Women with Overall and Central Obesity." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (2021): 1369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551369.
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Objective: To find out the frequency of Musculoskeletal Pain among Postmenopausal women with Overall and Central Obesity. Methods: A Cross-Sectional study was carried out at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, for six months. A sample size of 250 patients with generalized obesity and central obesity was taken. Non-Probability, Convenience Sampling technique was used. The Nordic questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results: Results showed that majority respondents were in the age group of 51-60 i.e. 43.6% (N=109), respondents with BMI >30 were 50.8% (N=127), waist/height ratio 99.2% (N=248) were > 0.5, waist/hip ratio 86.8% (N=217) were >0.85, 90% (N=225) were present with waist circumference >88cm. Conclusion: This study concludes that musculoskeletal pain is high in postmenopausal women with overall obesity and has shown more pain in the neck, back, shoulder and lower extremities, while postmenopausal women with central obesity have suffered more with back pain. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Obesity, Post menopause, Musculoskeletal pain.
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Ivkovic-Lazar, Tatjana. "Characteristics of arterial hypertension in obesity." Medical review 57, no. 9-10 (2004): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0410449i.
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Introduction Arterial hypertension is the most frequent cardiovascular disease in obese persons, progressing with time to left ventricular hypertension, often associated with dilatation, diastolic disorders, hearth rhythm disturbance, and generalized atherosclerosis. Etiology The origin of this disease is related to hemodynamic disturbances (increased blood volume, minute volume, mainly due to increased stroke volume) accompanied with changes of peripheral resistance, which increases in a later phase. However, metabolic factors are presently considered as primarily responsible for appearance of hypertension, which has rightly obtained the attribute of metabolic hypertension. A key role belongs to insulin, in fact, to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism. Treatment Awareness of the metabolic basis of arterial hypertension in obesity has resulted in a specific approach to its treatment. The primary treatment includes reduction diet, with a drastic reduction of salt intake and with compulsory physical activity, while concerning medications one should consider converting enzyme inhibitors, alpha1 blockers and calcium channel antagonists. .
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Tao, Chengzhe, Yuna Huang, Xuzhao Huang, et al. "Association between Blood Manganese Levels and Visceral Adipose Tissue in the United States: A Population-Based Study." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (2022): 4770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224770.
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Background: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with a narrow toxic margin for human health. The association between Mn exposure and adverse visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation is unclear. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the associations of blood Mn levels with VAT mass or visceral obesity in the general population in the United States. Method: This cross-sectional study included data of 7297 individuals released by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). VAT was quantified with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood Mn was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The generalized linear model and generalized additive model (GAM) were applied to estimate the linear and non-linear associations between Mn levels and VAT mass, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between blood Mn levels and the risk of visceral obesity. Results: Fully adjusted generalized linear regression revealed that individuals in the higher quantile of Mn had increased VAT mass compared with those in the lower quantile (β per quantile change = 0.025; 95% CI of 0.017, 0.033; p < 0.001). Positive associations were also observed in males and females (males: β per quantile change = 0.012, 95% CI of 0.002, 0.022 (p = 0.020); female: β per quantile change = 0.036; 95% CI of 0.023, 0.048 (p < 0.001)). The GAM illustrated that the non-linear associations between blood Mn levels and VAT mass were in U-shape patterns (effective degree of freedom >1 in total participants, males, and females). A stratified analysis found significant interactions between Mn and the family income-to-poverty ratio (PIR) in males, with stronger associations in males with a PIR < 1.3 (β = 0.109; 95% CI of 0.048, 0.170). Additional analyses revealed that individuals in the highest quantile of Mn had a 39% higher risk of visceral obesity (OR = 1.39; 95% CI of 1.15–1.69; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher blood Mn levels were positively associated with increased VAT mass and visceral obesity risk. The adverse VAT phenotype associated with excessive blood Mn levels should be further investigated.
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Kumari, Meena, Tarani Chandola, Eric Brunner, and Mika Kivimaki. "A Nonlinear Relationship of Generalized and Central Obesity with Diurnal Cortisol Secretion in the Whitehall II Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 95, no. 9 (2010): 4415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2105.
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Context: Evidence for an association of measures of generalized and central obesity with salivary cortisol secretion is equivocal. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and salivary cortisol. Design: The design was a cross-sectional study of BMI, waist circumference, and salivary cortisol from phase 7 (2002–2004) of the Whitehall II study. Setting: The occupational cohort was originally recruited in 1985–1988. Participants: Participants included 2915 men and 1041 women aged 50–74 yr with complete information on height, weight and waist circumference, and cortisol secretion. Outcome Measures: Saliva samples were taken on waking, waking plus 0.5, 2.5, 8, and 12 h, and bedtime for the assessment of cortisol. The cortisol awakening response and slope in diurnal secretion were calculated. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, social position, waking time, and time since waking of sample collection, increasing central and generalized obesity was associated with lower waking cortisol (P = 0.001). U-shaped associations were apparent between diurnal slope in salivary cortisol and both BMI and waist circumference (P &lt; 0.0001 for quadratic term). For example, the shallowest (most adverse) slopes in salivary cortisol were associated with highest (&gt;31 kg/m2) and lowest (&lt;21 kg/m2) levels of BMI, and the steepest slopes were apparent for those with BMI of 26 kg/m2, independently of the 12 covariates examined. No associations were apparent for the cortisol awakening response (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The associations of measures of generalized and central obesity with diurnal slope in salivary cortisol are not linear in older adults. These nonlinear associations may explain previously described mixed findings.
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Sun, Bindong, Xiajie Yao, and Chun Yin. "An N-Shaped Association between Population Density and Abdominal Obesity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159577.
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Abdominal obesity is a threat to public health and healthy cities. Densification may reduce abdominal obesity, but current evidence of the relationship between population density and abdominal obesity is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to disentangle the nonlinear association between population density and abdominal obesity. Data came from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey, which included 36,422 adults aged between 18 and 65 years. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to explore how population density was associated with objectively measured waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), after controlling for other built environmental attributes, socioeconomic characteristics, and regional and year fixed effects. We found that population density had N-shaped associations with both WC and WHtR, and the two turning points were 12,000 and 50,000 people/km2. In particular, population density was positively correlated with abdominal obesity when it was below 12,000 people/km2. Population density was negatively associated with abdominal obesity when it was between 12,000 and 50,000 people/km2. Population density was also positively related to abdominal obesity when it was greater than 50,000 people/km2. Therefore, densification is not always useful to reduce abdominal obesity. Policy-makers need to pay more attention to local density contexts before adopting densification strategies.
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Choi, Mi Jin, Juyoun Yu, and Jimi Choi. "Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increase the Risk of Childhood Obesity." Children 9, no. 7 (2022): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9070928.
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Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effects of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-pregnancy obesity (PPO) on childhood obesity. This study aimed to determine the risk for early childhood obesity based on maternal GDM and PPO. This nationwide study used data obtained from the National Health Information Database in South Korea. The participants were divided into four groups based on maternal GDM and PPO, and 1:1 matching was performed. Each group had 1319 participants. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the changes in body mass index percentile of children with age, and simple and multiple conditional logistic regression models were used to compare the prevalence of childhood obesity at 5 years. Children whose mothers had both PPO and GDM, only PPO, or only GDM had a 4.46 (95% CI: 3.28–6.05, p < 0.001), 3.11 (95% CI: 2.27–4.26, p < 0.001), or 1.58 (95% CI: 1.12–2.23, p = 0.010) times higher risk, respectively, of developing childhood obesity than children whose mothers had neither PPO nor GDM. Maternal PPO increases the risk for childhood obesity to a higher degree than maternal GDM, and the presence of both increases the risk even further.
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Lee, Haerim, Deborah W. Bruner, Yi-Juan Hu, et al. "Abstract 5940: Impact of obesity on sexual functioning in women with gynecologic cancer pre-and post-radiotherapy." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 5940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5940.
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Abstract Background: As the prevalence of obesity in women increases in the US, a better understanding of the effect of obesity on women with gynecologic cancer (GynCa) is imperative. However, whether obesity impacts sexual functioning (SF) in GynCa patients has been understudied. Limited studies have used body mass index (BMI) as the only obesity indicator, which may result in a misunderstanding of the effect of obesity on SF in GynCa patients with different body compositions. This study aimed to explore the role of obesity via two different measures in determining SF in GynCa patients pre-and post-radiotherapy (RT). Methods: In this secondary analysis, obesity was measured pre-RT by both BMI and body fat percentage (BFP). BFP was calculated by using the Clinica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator. SF, physical and emotional well-being were assessed pre-RT by the Female Sexual Function Index and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. At 6 months post-RT, SF was reassessed. Generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with a log-link were implemented to identify the effect of obesity (using BMI and BFP) on SF pre-and post-RT. Regression-based mediation analysis was used to identify mediating effects of physical and emotional well-being between obesity and SF. Results: Among 54 (24 cervical and 30 endometrial) patients, 48% were Black, 52% were married or in a domestic partnership, and 59% were treated with surgery and/or chemotherapy pre-RT (i.e. prior treatment). Less patients were classified as being obese when obesity was measured by BMI (48%) compared to BFP (61%). Patients with endometrial cancer and prior treatment history were more likely to be obese and reported better SF. Unadjusted GLM showed that patients with obesity had better SF than those without obesity pre-RT regardless of obesity measures (BMI p = .018; BFP p = .016). However, we found no association between obesity (both BMI-and BFP-based obesity) and SF pre-RT after adjusting for cancer type and prior treatment history. GLMM showed that BFP-based obesity had a negative effect on the improvement in SF from pre-RT to post-RT (p = .013) after adjusting for cancer type and prior treatment history. Patients without BFP-based obesity showed a significant improvement post-RT (p = .019), but those with obesity (per BFP) showed no changes in SF post-RT (p = .949) compared to pre-RT. BMI-based obesity did not affect the changes in SF post-RT. We found no mediation effects of physical and emotional well-being between obesity and SF. Conclusions: Obesity may play a negative role in SF improvement in GynCa patients post-RT. More rigorous research and clinical attention to obesity measurement are necessary to determine the association between obesity and SF in GynCa patients and thus lead to the discovery of new interventions for this long-neglected topic of SF in GynCa patients, particularly for those who are obese. Citation Format: Haerim Lee, Deborah W. Bruner, Yi-Juan Hu, Jinbing Bai, Tony Y. Eng, Joseph W. Shelton, Pretesh R. Patel, Namita Khanna, Isabelle Scott, Katherine A. Yeager. Impact of obesity on sexual functioning in women with gynecologic cancer pre-and post-radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5940.
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Tskhvedadze, Nino, Shota Janjgava, David Tananashvili, and Elene Giorgadze. "The Impact of Obesity Assessed by Different Criteria on the Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents in Georgia." Global Pediatric Health 9 (January 2022): 2333794X2210975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x221097569.
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The aim of our study was comparative analysis of anthropometric characteristics in children and adolescents significantly correlated with the parameters of metabolic syndrome. The study group is consisted of 113 children and adolescents (study group) with excessive body weight and obesity (group 1—BMI percentile; group 2—waist circumference; group 3—waist to height ratio). The control group consisted of 113 children and adolescents without. Comparative analysis of obtained data have been carried out by multiple regression analysis. BMI percentile is more an indicator of a generalized obesity; WC and WHR percentiles better describe visceral obesity and metabolic disorders—insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. However, the WHR Percentile may be a more useful tool. To assess obesity in children and adolescents, it is necessary to evaluate together BMI, WC, and WHR percentiles. It can be also concluded that these findings indicate the need to continue research in this direction.
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Barzin, Maryam, Sorena Keihani, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Sara Serahati, Sahar Ghareh, and Fereidoun Azizi. "Rising trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in 10 years of follow-up among Tehranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 16 (2015): 2981–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015000269.
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AbstractObjectiveSome recent studies have shown stablity or declining trends in obesity while others still report increasing trends. The present study aimed to investigate the trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 10 years.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCommunity-based data collection from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).SubjectsParticipants from four phases of the TLGS from 1999 to 2011 (n10 368), aged ≥20 years.ResultsThe crude prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased from 23·1 % and 47·9 % at baseline to 34·1 % and 71·1 % at the end of follow-up, respectively. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyse the correlated data and calculate the relative risks (RR). Risks of obesity and abdominal obesity increased over the whole study period for men (RR=1·62; 95 % CI 1·49, 1·76 and RR=1·46; 95 % CI 1·41, 1·52, respectively) and women (RR=1·24; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·29 and RR=1·22; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·27, respectively). These rising trends were observed in all subgroups regardless of age, marital status and educational level.ConclusionsTrends of obesity and abdominal obesity are increasing in Tehranian adults during a decade of follow-up in both genders and in all study subgroups. These results underscore the still growing obesity epidemic in the capital of Iran, calling for urgent action to educate people in lifestyle modifications and the need for effective preventive and educational strategies on obesity.
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Lin, Yi-Hsuan, Hsiao-Ting Chang, Yen-Han Tseng, et al. "Do Metabolically Healthy People with Obesity Have a Lower Health-Related Quality of Life? A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21 (2021): 5117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215117.
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The association between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study enrolled 906 adult participants aged 35–55 years between 2009 and 2010 in Northern Taiwan; 427 participants were followed up after eight years. Normal weight, overweight, and obesity were evaluated via body mass index. Metabolic health was defined as the absence of cardiometabolic diseases and having ≤1 metabolic risk factor. HRQOL was evaluated using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Taiwan version. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the repeated, measured data with adjustment for important covariates. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight individuals, participants with metabolically unhealthy normal weight and obesity had a significantly poorer physical component summary score (β (95% CI) = −2.17 (−3.38–−0.97) and −2.29 (−3.70–−0.87), respectively). There were no significant differences in physical and mental component summary scores among participants with metabolically healthy normal weight, overweight, and obesity. This study showed that metabolically healthy individuals with obesity and normal weight had similar HRQOL in physical and mental component summary scores. Maintaining metabolic health is an ongoing goal for people with obesity.
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Lessmark, Anna, Gad Hatem, Györgyi Kovacs, et al. "Lipid-Associated Variants near ANGPTL3 and LPL Show Parent-of-Origin Specific Effects on Blood Lipid Levels and Obesity." Genes 13, no. 1 (2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13010091.
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Parent-of-origin effects (POE) and sex-specific parental effects have been reported for plasma lipid levels, and a strong relationship exists between dyslipidemia and obesity. We aim to explore whether genetic variants previously reported to have an association to lipid traits also show POE on blood lipid levels and obesity. Families from the Botnia cohort and the Hungarian Transdanubian Biobank (HTB) were genotyped for 12 SNPs, parental origin of alleles were inferred, and generalized estimating equations were modeled to assess parental-specific associations with lipid traits and obesity. POE were observed for the variants at the TMEM57, DOCK7/ANGPTL3, LPL, and APOA on lipid traits, the latter replicated in HTB. Sex-specific parental effects were also observed; variants at ANGPTL3/DOCK7 showed POE on lipid traits and obesity in daughters only, while those at LPL and TMEM57 showed POE on lipid traits in sons. Variants at LPL and DOCK7/ANGPTL3 showed POE on obesity-related traits in Botnia and HTB, and POE effects on obesity were seen to a higher degree in daughters. This highlights the need to include analysis of POEs in genetic studies of complex traits.
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Levin, Barry E., and Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell. "Maternal obesity alters adiposity and monoamine function in genetically predisposed offspring." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 5 (2002): R1087—R1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00402.2002.
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The impact of maternal obesity on brain monoamine function in adult offspring of dams selectively bred to express diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet resistance (DR) was assessed by making dams obese or lean during gestation and lactation. After 12 wk on chow and 4 wk on a 31% fat diet, offspring hypothalamic nucleus size and [3H]nisoxetine binding to norepinephrine transporters (NET) and [3H]paroxetine binding to serotonin transporters (SET) were measured. Offspring of obese DIO dams became more obese than all other groups, but maternal obesity did not alter weight gain in DR offspring (25). Maternal obesity was associated with 10–17% enlargement of ventromedial nuclei (VMN) and dorsomedial nuclei in both DIO and DR offspring. Offspring of obese DIO dams had 25–88% lower NET binding in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN), arcuate nuclei, VMN, and the central amygdalar nuclei, while offspring of obese DR dams had 43–67% higher PVN and 90% lower VMN NET binding and a generalized increase in SET binding across all hypothalamic areas compared with other groups. Thus maternal obesity was associated with alterations in offspring brain monoamine metabolism, which varied as a function of genotype and the development of offspring obesity.
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Arshad, Sadia, Dumitru Baleanu, Ozlem Defterli, and Shumaila. "A numerical framework for the approximate solution of fractional tumor-obesity model." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 10, no. 01 (2019): 1941008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962319410083.
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In this paper, we have proposed the efficient numerical methods to solve a tumor-obesity model which involves two types of the fractional operators namely Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio (CF). Stability and convergence of the proposed schemes using Caputo and CF fractional operators are analyzed. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of low and high caloric diet on tumor dynamics of the generalized models. We perform the numerical simulations of the tumor-obesity model for different fractional order by varying immune response rate to compare the dynamics of the Caputo and CF fractional operators.
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Liu, Fang-Hong, Jie-Yun Song, Xiao-Rui Shang, Xiang-Rui Meng, Jun Ma, and Hai-Jun Wang. "The Gene-Gene Interaction of INSIG-SCAP-SREBP Pathway on the Risk of Obesity in Chinese Children." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/538564.
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Background.Childhood obesity has become a global public health problem in recent years. This study aimed to explore the association of genetic variants in INSIG-SCAP-SREBP pathway with obesity in Chinese children.Methods.A case-control study was conducted, including 705 obese cases and 1,325 nonobese controls. We genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of five genes in INSIG-SCAP-SREBP pathway, including insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1), insulin induced gene 2 (INSIG2), SREBP cleavage-activating protein gene (SCAP), sterol regulatory element binding protein gene 1 (SREBP1), and sterol regulatory element binding protein gene 2 (SREBP2). We used generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and logistic regression to investigate gene-gene interactions.Results.Single polymorphism analyses showed thatSCAPrs12487736 and rs12490383 were nominally associated with obesity. We identified a 3-locus interaction on obesity in GMDR analyses(P=0.001), involving 3 genetic variants ofINSIG2,SCAP,andSREBP2. The individuals in high-risk group of the 3-locus combinations had a 79.9% increased risk of obesity compared with those in low-risk group (OR=1.799, 95% CI: 1.475–2.193,P=6.61×10-9).Conclusion.We identified interaction of three genes in INSIG-SCAP-SREBP pathway on risk of obesity, revealing that these genes affect obesity more likely through a complex interaction pattern than single gene effect.
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Chaplin, Alice, Ramon Maria Rodriguez, Juan José Segura-Sampedro, Aina Ochogavía-Seguí, Dora Romaguera, and Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn. "Insights behind the Relationship between Colorectal Cancer and Obesity: Is Visceral Adipose Tissue the Missing Link?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (2022): 13128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113128.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem worldwide, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 915,880 deaths in 2020 alone. The etiology of CRC is complex and involves both genetic and lifestyle factors. Obesity is a major risk factor for CRC, and the mechanisms underlying this link are still unclear. However, the generalized inflammatory state of adipose tissue in obesity is thought to play a role in the association between CRC risk and development. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a major source of proinflammatory cytokines and other factors that contribute to the characteristic systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity. VAT is also closely associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME), and recent evidence suggests that adipocytes within the TME undergo phenotypic changes that contribute to tumor progression. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence linking obesity and CRC, with a focus on the role of VAT in tumor etiology and progression.