Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Générateur central de patron'
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Tazerart, Sabrina. "Le courant sodique persistant dans le réseau locomoteur du rat nouveau-né : sa contribution dans l'émergence des activités pacemakers et du rythme locomoteur." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20653.
Full textIdentification of the cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of the locomotor rhythm is of longstanding interest to physiologists. Hindlimb locomotor movements are generated by lumbar neuronal networks, referred to as central pattern generators (CPG). Although rhythm generation mechanisms within the CNS can vary, the activation of a subthreshold depolarizing conductance is always needed to start the firing of individual neurons. Among various subthreshold membrane conductances, the persistent sodium current (INaP) is involved in rhythmic activity of numerous supraspinal neurons such as those involved in the generation of masticatory and respiratory rhythm. The thesis was aimed at identifying and characterizing INaP in the neonatal rodent locomotor CPG, determining its importance in shaping neuronal firing properties and its role in the operation of the locomotor circuitry. Using electrophysiological studies the thesis has characterized INaP for the first time in the locomotor CPG. This current is essential to the generation of the locomotor rhythm and plays a fundamental role in the emergence of pacemaker activity within the CPG. These pacemaker activities emerge in a physiological context in which fluctuations in the ionic composition of the extracellular environment occur during locomotion. This study provides evidence that INaP generates pacemaker activities in CPG interneurons and new insights into the operation of the locomotor network with a critical implication of INaP in stabilizing the locomotor pattern
Hurteau, Marie-France. "Effet d’une stimulation cutanée tonique de la région lombaire sur l’activité locomotrice du chat adulte ayant une lésion complète de la moelle épinière." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6749.
Full textBouvier, Julien. "Dissection génétique du générateur central respiratoire chez la souris : neurones rythmogènes et synchronisation bilatérale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555367.
Full textCourbis, Carine. "Contribution à la programmation générative. Application dans le générateur SmartTools : technologies XML, programmation par aspects et composants." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505412.
Full textErrchidi, Soumya. "Modulation noradrénergénique du générateur de rythme respiratoire chez le rat nouveau-né : étude in vitro et in vivo." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30068.
Full textRamirez, Philippe. "Patrons et clients : étude des relations politiques sur le site d'un ancien royaume indo-népalais, Argha (Népal central)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100072.
Full textArgha is a former principality of the gandaki basin, annexed by Nepal in late xviiith century. The population is mainly indo-Nepalese, being Hindu by religion and divided into a hierarchy of status-groups. Authority and solidarity are based on inter-individual and hierarchical ties, linking, among others, patrons and clients. Local political structures tie up from high-status lineages backed by their clients and taking the form of factions involved in permanent competition. The personal and hierarchical nature of authority prevails right from the domestic and agnatic spheres. The exact limits of the descent units and the process of their development have been scrutinized. An attempt has been made to reconstruct the emergence of today's political organization through simultaneous analyses of historical data, rituals and local elections. Up to 1951, government, particularly at the local level, was based on the delegation of authority along a pyramid of contracts between owners of rights and brokers. Functions pertaining to administration, taxes and justice were not made distinct. Under the new regime, charges are nor granted anymore by the sovereign but allotted through the electoral process. This development had a decisive impact on affiliation mechanisms and, as a consequence, on the political structure of the locality. Old dominant lineages, which legitimacy dated back to the principalities, loose their influence in the context of a global breaking up of former political territories
Failli, Vieri. "Gènes LIM à homéodomaine et développement du système nerveux central : analyse anatomique et fonctionnelle d'un nouveau gène, Lhx9, et corrélation avec la mutation Dreher (Lmx1a)." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066130.
Full textBabski, Hélène. "Implication des neurones TJ-positifs dans le comportement locomoteur de la larve de Drosophile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT021/document.
Full textCPGs (Central Pattern Generators) are neural networks able to autonomously generate essential rhythmic behaviours such as walking or breathing. In Drosophila larvae, the locomotor CPG is made up of motoneurons (MNs) and a huge variety of interneurons (INs). How many are actually necessary to constitute a functional CPG and how they interact is not known. During the course of this PhD, I studied a discrete neuronal population singled out by its expression of the Maf transcription factor (TF) Traffic Jam (TJ). Thanks to an intersectional genetics approach and a TJ-Flp line generated during my PhD, I showed for the first time that TJ+ neurons subpopulations have distinct functions in Drosophila larva locomotion. Functional subdivision of TJ+ population eventually led to the identification of 3 TJ+ per+ GABAergic neurons that regulate the speed of locomotion. Thorough molecular characterization of this population permitted to identify them as mnb progeny neurons, a well studied subgroup of midline cells whose function had never been described before. The TF combinatorial code expressed by these cells is highly reminiscent of the one found in V2b INs, a population in vertebrates thought to regulate the speed of locomotion as well in vertebrates; this opens the possibility of a functional conservation across evolution. Preliminary results furthermore suggest that TJ+ INs would have functional roles in the adult fly
Frigon, Alain. "Functional organization of cutaneous reflex pathways during locomotion and reorganization following peripheral nerve and/or spinal cord lesions." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6467.
Full textMorquette, Philippe. "Rôle des astrocytes dans la décharge rythmique neuronale du noyau sensoriel principal du trijumeau." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18377.
Full textCommunication between neurons rests on their capacity to change their firing pattern to encode different messages. For several vital functions, such as respiration and mastication, neurons need to generate a repetitive firing pattern, and the groups of neurons responsible for these rhythmic discharges are called central pattern generator (CPG). Despite intense research in this field, the exact mechanisms underlying rhythmogenesis in CPGs are not completely defined. In most instances, the potential contribution of astrocytes is largely unexplored, even though these cells are now well known to be involved in neuronal synaptic modulation. In our work, the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr) was used as a model owing to its central role in the rhythmic movement of mastication. Previous work have shown that rhythmic bursting discharge is triggered in NVsnpr neurons when extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e) is artificially decreased. Based on this observation, our first hypothesis postulated that the reduction of [Ca2+]e could also happen physiologically in relation to relevant sensory stimulation. Secondly, because astrocytes have been involved in the buffering and the homeostasis of extracellular ions like potassium, we have postulated that these cells could also play a role in the control of [Ca2+]e. The results presented in this thesis show that astrocytes can regulate [Ca2+]e and thus control the ability of neurons to change their firing pattern. First, we showed that stimulation of sensory afferent fibers to the NVsnpr induced neuronal rhythmic bursting and in parallel reduction of [Ca2+]e . Secondly, we have demonstrated that astrocytes respond to the same sensory stimuli that induce neuronal rhythmic activity, and their blockade with a Ca2+ chelator prevents generation of neuronal rhythmic bursting. This ability is restored by adding S100β, an astrocytic Ca2+-binding protein, to the extracellular space, while the application of an anti- S100β antibody prevents generation of rhythmic activity. These results indicate that astrocytes regulate a fundamental neuronal property: that is the capacity to change their firing pattern. Thus, CPG functions result from integrated neuronal and glial activities. These findings may have broad implications for many other neural networks whose functions depend on the generation of rhythmic activity.
Lavoie, Raphaël. "Caractérisation spatiale des syncytia formés par le couplage des astrocytes du noyau sensoriel principal du nerf trijumeau en fonction de la concentration de calcium extracellulaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6901.
Full textThe masticatory movement is generated and coordinated by a central pattern generator (CPG) located in the pons. Previous results from our laboratory suggest that the neural network responsible for its rythmogenesis is located in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr). Moreover, results indicate that in this region, decrease in extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e) plays an important role in genarating burst. One of our laboratory's goal is to assess if the contribution of astrocytes to the extracellular calcium concentration homeostasis is involved in the genesis of the mastication rhythm. With this study, we characterized the astrocyte syncytium within the NVsnpr and measured the effect of [Ca2+]e on the astrocytes electrophysiology and their networks. A patch-clamp recording technique in conjunction with a rat brain stem slice preparation was used. We demonstrate that a decrease in [Ca2+]e does not affect the electrophysiological properties of astrocytes but induces an increase in the size of the syncytium. We also report the existence, within the dorsal NVsnpr, of an anatomofunctional organization between neurons and astrocytes.
Jeffrey-Gauthier, Renaud. "Détermination des facteurs bénéfiques et néfastes à la récupération locomotrice à la suite d’une section spinale complète chez la souris." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22704.
Full textCondamine, Steven. "Organisation anatomique et rôle du couplage astrocytaire dans l’activité rythmique du noyau sensoriel du trijumeau." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22600.
Full textPastor, Bernier Alexandre. "Réponses des neurones du noyau sensoriel principal du trijumeau à la stimulation de leurs afférences primaires." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8014.
Full textVerdier, Dorly. "Étude électrophysiologique, pharmacologique et anatomique des mécanismes impliqués dans la modulation de l'excitabilité des afférences fusoriales du noyau mésencéphalique du trijumeau." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15755.
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