Journal articles: 'Generateur essai'

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Kerimova, Sh. "STUDY OF WELL PRESSURE AND DYNAMİCS OF OİL PRODUCTİON GROWTH İN PULSATİNG CASES OF İNİTİAL PRESSURE VALUES." East European Scientific Journal 2, no. 7(71) (August 11, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.2.71.84.

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Pulsations are generated by the generator at the values of the initial pressure applied to the well. Depending on these pulsations, the well pressure and the resulting oil production also change. In this issue, changes in well pressure and oil production are studied.

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Kerimova, Sh. "STUDY OF WELL PRESSURE AND DYNAMİCS OF OİL PRODUCTİON GROWTH İN PULSATİNG CASES OF İNİTİAL PRESSURE VALUES." East European Scientific Journal 1, no. 7(71) (August 11, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.1.71.83.

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Pulsations are generated by the generator at the values of the initial pressure applied to the well. Depending on these pulsations, the well pressure and the resulting oil production also change. In this issue, changes in well pressure and oil production are studied.

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Yao, Xue Mei. "Automated Essay Scoring: A Comparative Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.650.

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Automated essay scoring has been the focus of a cross-disciplinary study of computer science and English instruction. In this study, an experiment was conducted to testify the validity and reliability of E-grading Device and to check out whether the holistic score generated from combining computer and human score is a better solution to automated essay scoring system. The conclusion is that e-evaluation systems are valid and reliable basically, and e-evaluation and human evaluation should be combined together to generate holistic scores.

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Boring, Ronald Laurids. "Human and Computer-Generated Essay Grades." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 47, no. 6 (October 2003): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120304700610.

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Martin, Leslie. "The grid as generator." Architectural Research Quarterly 4, no. 4 (December 2000): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500000403.

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One of the sad oddities of academic life is that great and original contributions get cursorily noticed at the time of their appearance, and are then ignored. Leslie Martin's ‘The Grid as Generator’ is one such case. Published in the book he co-authored with Lionel March in 1972, this opening essay – and indeed the entire book – represented an extraordinary breakthrough in urban research. Yet neither has been properly recognized.

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Evin, Guillaume, Nicolas Eckert, Benoît Hingray, Deborah Verfaillie, Samuel Morin, Matthieu Lafaysse, and Juliette Blanchet. "Traiter l'incertitude des projections climatiques (essai)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 169, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0203.

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Handling the uncertainty of climate change projections (essay) The uncertainties associated with climate projections cannot be ignored when those projections are used. They arise from uncertainties surrounding developments for greenhouse gases, uncertainties arising from the climate models and the impact models (hydrology, biodiversity etc.), as well as the natural variability of the climate. To describe these different sources of uncertainty, and take them into account is not easy for engineers and managers, who are more accustomed to reasoning in a determinist framework. This article aims to demonstrate that statistics offers a number of approaches which make it possible to use a given multiscenario, multimodel climate projection. The simplest propose a descriptive summary of the information, while the more complex approaches can test the significance of the expected changes, to separate the different causes of uncertainty and measure each one's contribution to the overall variability. The approach is illustrated by a set of projections for temperature, precipitation and mean snow depth for a mountainous region of the French Alps. It can be easily applied to any variable whose projections have been generated through an impact model which simulates the consequences of a set of climate projections for a given sector defined in social and ecosystem terms.

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Winter, Sean F. "‘He Will Rescue Us Again’: Affliction and Hope in 2 Corinthians 1:8–11." Religions 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11050222.

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Dark times can generate crippling despair all too easily. Resources for resistance to despair and for the discovery and articulation of hope are not always readily apparent. This essay considers Paul’s account of his own immersion in such a situation: An ‘affliction’ that left him ‘unbearably crushed’, ‘despairing of life itself’ (2 Cor 1:9), and under a ‘sentence of death’ (2 Cor 1:10). Making a speculative proposal about the nature of Paul’s experience, the essay goes on to argue that Paul identified two fundamental resources for hope. The first is a conviction about an eschatological act that undoes the sentence of death and effects the possibility of rescue or deliverance. The second is a form of human solidarity that generates potential reorientation to the reality of ‘rescue’. While the essay explores these ideas within the terms and framework of Paul’s rhetoric in 2 Corinthians, it will do so with one clear eye on the potential resources that Pauline theology offers those who live in inexplicably dark times today, not least by considering the potential resources for political optimism.

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Talley, Jared L. "Computer Generated Media and Experiential Impact on our Imaginations." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 25, no. 2 (2021): 260–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne202168142.

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The human imagination is puzzling. Barring extreme cases, every person has an intimate relationship with their own imagination, and although the constitution of that relationship may itself be obscure, we should not assume that it is thus inconsequential. This raises the salient question of this essay: How is imagination consequential? I develop an account of the imagination that helps to evaluate the impact of digital manipulation through Computer Generated Media on our imaginations, especially as it occurs in media-saturated societies. This essay proceeds in four parts. First, I briefly develop an account of the imagination that serves this evaluation. Second, I describe how digital technology is able to impact our imaginations. Third, I explore the impacts that this has on our imaginations—what I label the horizontal and vertical stretching of our imaginations. Lastly, I consider plausible consequences of stretching our imaginations with digital technologies.

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Mousavi, Hamid, Shi Gao, Deirdre Kerr, Markus Iseli, and Carlo Zaniolo. "Mining Semantics Structures from Syntactic Structures in Web Document Corpora." International Journal of Semantic Computing 08, no. 04 (December 2014): 461–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x14400157.

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The Web is making possible many advanced text-mining applications, such as news summarization, essay grading, question answering, semantic search and structured queries on corpora of Web documents. For many of such applications, statistical text-mining techniques are of limited effectiveness since they do not utilize the morphological structure of the text. On the other hand, many approaches use NLP-based techniques that parse the text into parse trees, and then use patterns to mine and analyze parse trees which are often unnecessarily complex. To reduce this complexity and ease the entire process of text mining, we propose a weighted-graph representation of text, called TextGraphs, which captures the grammatical and semantic relations between words and terms in the text. TextGraphs are generated using a new text mining framework which is the main focus of this paper. Our framework, SemScape, uses a statistical parser to generate few of the most probable parse trees for each sentence and employs a novel two-step pattern-based technique to extract from parse trees candidate terms and their grammatical relations. Moreover, SemScape resolves coreferences by a novel technique, generates domain-specific TextGraphs by consulting ontologies, and provides a SPARQL-like query language and an optimized engine for semantically querying and mining TextGraphs.

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Gambetti, Rossella C., T. C. Melewar, and Kelly D. Martin. "Guest Editors’ Introduction: Ethical Management of Intangible Assets in Contemporary Organizations." Business Ethics Quarterly 27, no. 3 (July 2017): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2017.21.

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ABSTRACT:This essay explains how intangible asset management oriented toward enhancing corporate performance increasingly embeds ethical concerns, primarily to address stakeholder expectations. We discuss how ethical dimensions in intangible asset management may be co-constructed and intertwined in organization-stakeholder interactions to generate collaborative meaning making according to a stakeholder-centric view of the firm. In so doing, we adopt an ethical view that acknowledges that stakeholders beyond the firm have equal status and agency to engage in a social construction process of intangible assets nurtured by ongoing dialogue and reciprocal understanding between organization and stakeholders. The essay concludes by envisioning how the dialogic process of social construction of intangible assets involving both organization and stakeholders is best conceived as a social contract between the two that enacts a cultural bond between intangible assets together with ethical and societal resources that are collectively generated, owned, and maintained.

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Ó Laoghaire, Tadhg. "Why Dependence Grounds Duties of Trade Justice." Res Publica 26, no. 4 (September 24, 2020): 461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11158-020-09482-0.

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Abstract This essay asks what it is about the practice of trade that grounds duties of justice between states as trade partners. The answer advanced is that such duties are grounded in the dependence that trade generates. The essay puts forward four conditions that a plausible account of grounding in trade must meet: it must admit of degrees, explain the distinctly international character of trade justice, ground both procedural and distributive duties, and it must be a necessary feature of all trade relationships which generate duties of justice. A dependence account of grounding meets all four conditions, and does so in an intuitively compelling way. While other accounts of what grounds duties of trade justice can meet some of the conditions, none can meet all of them. Relative to rival candidates, then, the dependence account provides a firmer foundation for the ongoing attempts to develop a comprehensive theory of trade justice.

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Krygier, John. "Jake Barton’s Performance Maps: An Essay." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 53 (March 1, 2006): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp53.361.

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Jake Barton, a New York-based designer, creates public maps that generate social interaction, personal expression, and collaborative storytelling. Barton’s work is centered on performance, drawing attention to the performative capacity of maps, a seldom-explored facet of cartographic design and theory. Examples of Barton’s projects, realized and unrealized, are detailed, with a focus on the manner in which maps are designed to evoke performance.

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Zhao, Yang Yue, Mingbo. "The Application of Genetic Algorithm and an Evaluation Algorithm in Online Examination System." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 20, 2020): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep277.

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Online examination system plays a significant role in education. However, there are varieties of disadvantages in non-optimized systems, such as randomly selecting questions that make the exam paper has an imbalance difficulty, the unanticipated weight of knowledge points, and so on. A genetic algorithm is an efficient and achievable way to improve the ability to generate exam paper. Besides, a massive amount of data are generated when the system is running. Nevertheless, some of the systems only store the data, in another word, they do not make full use of the generated data. An evaluation algorithm is put forward in this essay to give objective and scientific evaluations on students’ learning and teachers’ teaching via using the data that are generated in examinations, which is based on the degree of difficulty. To make this algorithm working well, the degree of difficulty of questions stored in the database is supposed to be updated dynamically when the samples of questions’ answers become large enough.

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Rice, Monte Lee. "Practicing the Passion of Pentecost." Pneuma 43, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 43–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-bja10015.

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Abstract Scholars are steadily situating pentecostal studies within the embodiment turn, recognizing its foci as imperative to ongoing twenty-first-century pentecostal/charismatic studies. Yet this enjoins greater movement beyond the earlier “linguistic turn,” which too often overlooked the crucial perspectival role of human flesh. For from the horizons of incarnation and Pentecost, Christian faith propagates God’s turn toward flesh. This suggest that pentecostal spirituality generates an eschatological urgency. Fostering this “urgency” into the twenty-first century, however, requires recasting its source and expression within pentecostal spirituality. Drawing from Acts 2:17 (“I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh”), this essay explores how this turn to the flesh might aptly ground and generate eschatological fervor. Doing so, however, exposes deficiencies with pentecostal sacramentality, recognizing links between it and eschatology. The essay addresses this by engaging Kearney’s “anatheistic sacramentality.” It concludes with several implications with particular attention to the violent tragedy of world hunger.

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Undy, Roger. "Review Essay: Mergers and Union Restructuring: Externally Determined Waves or Internally Generated Reforms?" Historical Studies in Industrial Relations, no. 2 (September 1996): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/hsir.1996.2.7.

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Lee, Yoonkyung. "Introduction to “Right-Wing Activism in Asia: Cold War Legacies, Geopolitics, and Democratic Erosion”." Politics & Society 49, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00323292211033081.

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This essay introduces four articles that form a special issue of Politics & Society titled “Right-Wing Activism in Asia: Cold War Legacies, Geopolitics, and Democratic Erosion.” The articles focus on Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. These three Asian countries present important cases to generate critical comparative insights about the patterns of Far Right mobilization, for their geopolitical histories provide common ground while institutional variations set distinctive conditions. Most importantly, all of them were shaped by the particularly sharp conflicts of the Cold War in the region, and the articles in this issue demonstrate how this legacy has generated illiberal conditions in these countries today.

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GREEN, P. "Transductions to Generate Plant Form and Pattern: An Essay on Cause and Effect." Annals of Botany 78, no. 3 (September 1996): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0121.

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Boring, Ronald Laurids. "The Validity of Human and Computerized Writing Assessment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 7 (September 2005): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900704.

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This paper summarizes an experiment designed to assess the validity of essay grading between holistic and analytic human graders and a computerized grader based on latent semantic analysis. The validity of the grade was gauged by the extent to which the student's knowledge of the topic correlated with the grader's expert knowledge. To assess knowledge, Pathfinder networks were generated by the student essay writers, the holistic and analytic graders, and the computerized grader. It was found that the computer generated grades more closely matched the definition of valid grading than did human generated grades.

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Haralambidou, Penelope. "The architectural essay film." Architectural Research Quarterly 19, no. 3 (September 2015): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135515000524.

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Recent advancements in digital technology, have not only deeply transformed the production of film and architecture but brought the two disciplines closer than ever before. The digital has allowed ground-breaking, if not hasty, changes in the way that architecture is not only produced, but also designed and conceived. In contrast, however, to the extensive use of computational design to interrogate the formal, material and structural possibilities of architecture, this article explores how new time-based media and computer generated imagery in film can unlock the story-telling, political and philosophical potential of architecture. I will focus on three projects – Agit-Prop (2014) by Liam Davis, Wates House (2014) by Daniel Cotton and my project Déjà vu (2009) – which combine techniques and tropes from both cinema and design as a means for reflection and commentary in architecture.Originally coined by the German artist Hans Richter in the 1940s, the term ‘essay film’ describes an intimate, allusive and idiosyncratic genre at the margins between fiction and documentary. Richter poignantly suggests that the essay film makes the invisible world of thoughts and ideas visible on the screen; it produces complex thought-reflections that are not necessarily bound to reality, but can also be contradictory, irrational, and fantastical. Dealing with political and philosophical issues, the essay film is cinema at its most engaged and liberated.Examining the three projects in comparison to examples of essay films that reflect on architecture or the city, such as Dziga Vertov’s, Man with a Movie Camera (1929), Wim Wender’s, If Buildings Could Talk (2010), and Alain Resnais’s, Toute la mémoire du monde (1956), my aim is to propose a new hybrid genre lying at the boundaries between architectural design, theory and film, what I call: the ‘architectural essay film’.

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Noll, A. Michael. "The Howard Wise Gallery Show Computer-Generated Pictures (1965): A 50th-Anniversary Memoir." Leonardo 49, no. 3 (June 2016): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01158.

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In April 1965, the Howard Wise Gallery in New York City held a show of computer-generated pictures by Bela Julesz and Michael Noll. This show was a very early public exhibit of digital art in the United States. This essay is a memoir of that show.

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Sousa, L., and P. P. Avelino. "The Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Generated by Cosmic String Networks." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S306 (May 2014): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010850.

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AbstractCosmic string interactions often result in the formation of cosmic string loops that detach from the long string network and radiate their energy in the form of gravitational waves. Loop production occurs copiously throughout the cosmological evolution of a cosmic string network and the superimposition of their emissions gives rise to a stochastic gravitational In this essay, we briefly review our recent work on the stochastic gravitational wave background generated by cosmic string networks and introduce a set of numerical and analytical tools for the computation of this background.

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Afonso, Margarete, Ernane Pedro Matos Barros, Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti, and Mariane Albuquerque Lima Ribeiro. "An essay on individual self-determination." Journal of Human Growth and Development 29, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v29.9412.

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There are several understandings about the role of human gender identity in the scientific field, this discussion correlates definitions of both social and biological basis. The current confusion in the conceptualization of “sex” and “gender” demonstrates the need for a comparative analysis of the scientific dynamic vocabulary, as well as the insertion of an interdisciplinary historical, social and cultural point of view together with the biological view outside the normative binary logic. The word “gender” can be defined as the social construction of sex, differing from the variable “sex” because it refers to a biological dimension of the anatomo-physiological characterization of humans, recognized as essential and innate in determining the distinctions between male and female. Therefore, the JHGD presents a thematic diversity that focuses on issues related to public health, demonstrating the need to develop knowledge to generate impact on public policy strategies, aiming at universality, equity and comprehensiveness in scientific research involving sexand gender and their impacts on health sciences.

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Ramírez Amador, Sergio Carlos. "Los medios, el espectador y la narración: Poderes sutiles." Sincronía XXV, no. 80 (July 3, 2021): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/sincronia.axxv.n80.10b21.

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Since the proliferation of the mass media, society has experienced drastical changes, one of them in regards of power. In this essay I analize the power relationships between the mass media and their spectators, as well as their mechanisms and consecuences. I sustain that this mechanism is the narrative understood as a way of deliberately choosing information with the purpose to provide aesthetic feelings to the events on the world. This manipulation of reality generates a power relation as far as the citizen lacks alternative ways of knowing complex social realities, generating an information monopoly, information that can be manipulated both in its content (facts) and in its form (narrative) to show the spectator something that is not always the case. This would generate changes in public opinion which could be easily instrumentalized.

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Ramírez Amador, Sergio Carlos. "Los medios, el espectador y la narración: Poderes sutiles." Sincronía XXV, no. 80 (July 3, 2021): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/sincronia.axxv.n80.27b21.

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Since the proliferation of the mass media, society has experienced drastical changes, one of them in regards of power. In this essay I analize the power relationships between the mass media and their spectators, as well as their mechanisms and consecuences. I sustain that this mechanism is the narrative understood as a way of deliberately choosing information with the purpose to provide aesthetic feelings to the events on the world. This manipulation of reality generates a power relation as far as the citizen lacks alternative ways of knowing complex social realities, generating an information monopoly, information that can be manipulated both in its content (facts) and in its form (narrative) to show the spectator something that is not always the case. This would generate changes in public opinion which could be easily instrumentalized.

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Duff, Megan, and Priscilla Wohlstetter. "Negotiating Intergovernmental Relations Under ESSA." Educational Researcher 48, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x19854365.

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The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) has generated considerable buzz in education circles and the general media. But how much has really changed, and what does this mean for states as they begin the process of implementing a new federal education law? In this article, we apply principal-agent theory to explore intergovernmental relations under ESSA, focusing specifically on the relationship between the federal government (the principal) and state governments (the agents). First, we review power dynamics under No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and ESSA, exploring implications of changes in the substance of both laws for the principal-agent problem. Next, using political discourse analysis, we show how shifts in the content of Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) and its implementation by the current administration influenced the federal review process of state plans for the sixteen states that submitted plans under the early deadline. We find the federal government was most likely to provide feedback around Title I, Part A, Section 4 pertaining to accountability and school improvement. Ultimately, however, states that ignored or defied federal feedback were successful given both the limits ESSA places on U.S. Department of Education authority and the current administration’s reliance on negotiation over sanction. Thus far, this approach has ensured states are realizing the maximum flexibility available through the law, as all state plans were approved, regardless of whether states heeded federal feedback and complied with the law.

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Gattamorta, Lorenza. "Reflexivity and the Symbolic We-Relation." Stan Rzeczy, no. 1(12) (April 1, 2017): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51196/srz.12.7.

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This essay considers the features constituting the symbolic We-relation to seek how the reflexive Self can generate changes to the Self, the You, and the We-relation itself. While critically dialoguing with phenomenological and pragmatist social theories, the essay investigates how subjectivity emerges in the interaction with (verbal and non-verbal) symbols and tries to avoid both subjectivism and the relationism.

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Hegarty, Paul. "Noise threshold: Merzbow and the end of natural sound." Organised Sound 6, no. 3 (December 2001): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771801003053.

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When we ask what noise is, we would do well to remember that no single definition can function timelessly - this may well be the case with many terms, but one of the arguments of this essay is that noise is that which always fails to come into definition. Generally speaking, noise is taken to be a problem: unwanted sound, unorganised sound, excessively loud sound. Metaphorically, when we hear of noise being generated, we understand it to be something extraneous. Historically, though, noise has just as often signalled music, or pleasing sound, as its opposite. In the twentieth century, the notion of a clear line between elements suitable for compositional use (i.e. notes, created on instruments) and the world of noises was broken down. Russolo's ‘noisy machines’, Varèse and Satie's use of ostensibly non-musical machines to generate sounds, musique concrète, Cage's rethinking of sound, noise, music, silence . . .

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Cooke, Nola. "Nineteenth-Century Vietnamese Confucianization in Historical Perspective: Evidence from the Palace Examinations (1463–1883)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25, no. 2 (September 1994): 270–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400013515.

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This essay examines the common perception that the nineteenth century was the apogee of Neo-Confucianism in Vietnam by a comparative analysis of high examination passes from 1463 to 1883. Analysing the data generated reveals the nineteenth century as the historic nadir of the traditional examination system. The essay then relates this result to the politics of the time, and especially to the southern nature of the new regime.

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Maithani, Charu. "SEARCHING SUBJECTIVITIES IN VIDEO INSTALLATIONS OF AMAR KANWAR." ARTis ON, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37935/aion.v0i4.112.

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The essay views the video installation as an apparatus that lightens multiple subjectivities. By illustrating twoworks of Amar Kanwar, the essay elaborates on various positions of the audience, the methodologies used byKanwar in proposing different ways of viewing to generate different subjective experiences. This also offers ananalysis of video installation to re-define post-medium according to engagement with the art object and not inits making.

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CRAFT, CHRISTOPHER. "Come See About Me: Enchantment of the Double in The Picture of Dorian Gray." Representations 91, no. 1 (2005): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2005.91.1.109.

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ABSTRACT Focusing upon the alienation-effects generated by technologies of duplication (portrait, mirror), this essay explores the enchantment of the double in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.

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Ray, Sangeeta. "Shifting Subjects Shifting Ground: The Names and Spaces of the Post-Colonial." Hypatia 7, no. 2 (1992): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00893.x.

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This essay participates in a feminist postcohnial critical historiographyfepistemol’ ogy by providing a critique of The Post-Colonial Critic: Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues. The essay considers Spivak's success in interrogating her own position as a leading postcohnial critic as she engages in dialogues with various people. Spivak's commitment to cross-cultural exchanges is undeniable. However, at times the resurgence of her authoritative subject position deflects productive tensions generated by careful scrutiny of the category postcohnial.

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Benfatti, Denio M., Eugenio F. Queiroga, and Jonathas M. P. Silva. "Transformações da metrópole contemporânea: novas dinâmicas espaciais, esfera da vida pública e sistema de espaços livres." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2010v12n1p29.

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O trabalho reflete sobre as novas formas de expansão e crescimento metropolitano, associando-as a transformações igualmente importantes na esfera da vida pública. A expressão cotidiana desse processo de expansão e crescimento se deixa transparecer a partir de dois movimentos complementares. De um lado, o aumento em número e extensão dos deslocamentos cotidianos de uma comunidade a outra em um mesmo ambiente metropolitano. De outro, reflete as transformações resultantes do modo de vida metropolitano: horários variáveis e flexíveis, individualização das práticas de produção e consumo. Temos como objeto desta reflexão a Metrópole de Campinas como parte do território metropolitanizado que ocorre no entorno da capital paulista. Nossa hipótese é que essas transformações não se restringem anovas denominações de um processo ampliado de urbanização, mas que essas transformações têm engendrado novos padrões e espaços de sociabilidade e, mais do que isso, um modo de vida e produção específicos. Nesta reflexão, interessa-nos mostrar como essa nova dinâmica afeta a esfera da vida pública e a definição e constituição dos sistemas de espaços livres. Palavras-chave: megalópole; urbanização fragmentada; esfera da vida pública; espaço público; sistema de espaços livres. Abstract: The paper reflects on new forms of metropolitan growth and expansion, associating them with equally significant changes in the sphere of public life. The daily expression of this process of expansion and growth can be perceived through two complementary movements. On the one hand, the growth in number and extent of daily displacements between communities within the same metropolitan area. On the other, reflecting changes in the metropolitan way of life, flexible schedules and individualization of production and consumption practices. Our focus is the metropolis of Campinas as part of the metropolization process that occurs in the vicinity of the capital – São Paulo. Our hypothesis is that these transformations are not restricted to new names for an extended process of urbanization, but that they have generated new patterns and spaces of sociability, and more than that, they have generated a specific ways of life and production. In this reflection, we are interested in showing how this new dynamic affects the sphere of public life and in discussing the definition and constitution of open space systems. Keywords: megalopolis; fragmented urbanization; public life sphere; public space; open space system.

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Rose, Tricia. "PUBLIC TALES WAG THE DOG." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 10, no. 2 (2013): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x13000234.

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AbstractThis essay examines the case of Kelley Williams-Bolar—an African American single mother from Akron, Ohio—who in 2011 was arrested, charged with a felony, and jailed for sending her two daughters to a predominantly White suburban public school in Copley Township without meeting the township's residency requirements. This essay closely examines the case with particular attention paid to the important but often unacknowledged intersections of race, gender, economic privilege, spatial containment, and racialized criminalization that shaped the case. The Williams-Bolar case became a public site of contesting narratives, some obscuring these intersections, others acknowledging them. Those who supported Copley Township's prosecution of Williams-Bolar relied on a law and order mandate and fiscal responsibility that supported the dominant racial narrative while appearing to be race, gender, and class neutral. But many were critical of Williams-Bolar's arrest and the story used to justify it. Their response was a massive and heated online challenge that inspired existing and newly outraged parents and educational activists from a wide range of backgrounds, triggering petitions signed by hundreds of thousands of people requesting that the Governor of Ohio pardon Williams-Bolar.This essay places the case in the context of what I call the “invisible intersections of colorblind racism,” the racial privileges of housing and educational resource hoarding via private property taxes for suburban upper-middle-class Whites and the expanded application of the criminalization of the Black poor to Black mothers who receive state assistance by the judicial system, in political discourse and mass media narrative. Williams-Bolar's supporters used the power of social media to build community activism and to generate alternative narratives that countered the discursive and structural forces that were at work. Finally, this article considers the value and impact of alternative narratives about Williams-Bolar and her actions as generated by supporters.

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McDonough, Kelly S. "Indigenous Technologies in the 1577 Relaciones geográficas of New Spain: Collective Land Memory, Natural Resources, and Herbal Medicine." Ethnohistory 66, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7517886.

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Abstract This essay applies the analytic category of technologies proposed by historian Marcy Norton as complex systems of knowledges, practices, and products generated in specific social contexts to a study of the sixteenth-century bureaucratic surveys known as the Relaciones geográficas (RG) manuscripts. As a methodological intervention, the principal aim is to draw out the relatively understudied Indigenous knowledges and practices found throughout the corpus. The first section of the essay outlines the conceptual framework of technologies and contextualizes the RG survey and response processes. The remainder of the essay discusses Indigenous technologies including collective land memory, natural resources, and herbal medicines recorded in the Archdiocese of Mexico corpus of RGs (appendix), thirty-one manuscripts in total.

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Brannan, Matthew J., Steve Fleetwood, Joe O’Mahoney, and Steve Vincent. "Critical Essay: Meta-analysis: A critical realist critique and alternative." Human Relations 70, no. 1 (November 12, 2016): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726716674063.

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Meta-analysis has proved increasingly popular in management and organization studies as a way of combining existing empirical quantitative research to generate a statistical estimate of how strongly variables are associated. Whilst a number of studies identify technical, procedural and practical limitations of meta-analyses, none have yet tackled the meta-theoretical flaws in this approach. We deploy critical realist meta-theory to argue that the individual quantitative studies, upon which meta-analysis relies, lack explanatory power because they are rooted in quasi-empiricist meta-theory. This problem, we argue, is carried over in meta-analyses. We then propose a ‘critical realist synthesis’ as a potential alternative to the use of meta-analysis in organization studies and social science more widely.

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Sonnemann, Dana. "Das ideale Plentergleichgewicht – Leitbild oder Luxus? (Essay) | The ideal equilibrium state in a selection forest – vision or luxury? (essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0001.

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In managing unevenly aged forests, conventional ideal equilibrium models based on curves of declining stem numbers have relied on the overall concept of a simultaneous fulfilment of various aims. The study presented here investigated whether such models are adaptable to current economic conditions and to what extent financial objectives could be optimized without infringing on structural requirements. A linear, time discrete equilibrium model calibrated with data collected from a sample area within a Swiss selection forest was combined with a linear optimization model. Financial objectives were optimized in numeric experiments under a range of strictness values for stand-structure constraints. The results were compared with those obtained from an exemplary conservative ideal model. This evaluation found system equilibria far from that reference, and it also found some wich could generate a much higher income. However, the most meaningful increase of the target variable could be realized without requiring any critical deviation from the compared model. This could be accomplished by augmenting the current growing stock while reducing the maximum diameter at breast height. Therefore, management interventions that incur losses could be abandoned in the lower diameter classes, and only trees above a specified diameter would then be harvested. In applying this new model, the decision makers would be asked to thoroughly analyze their management objectives and the given restrictions on acting accordingly. Hence, they could immediately provide arguments to justify their decisions.

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Pennington, Mark. "ROBUST POLITICAL ECONOMY AND THE PRIORITY OF MARKETS." Social Philosophy and Policy 34, no. 1 (2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052517000012.

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Abstract:This essay offers a “nonideal” case for giving institutional priority to markets and private contracting in the basic structure of society. It sets out a “robust political economy” framework to examine how different political economic regime types cope with frictions generated by the epistemic limitations of decision-makers and problems of incentive incompatibility. Focusing on both efficiency arguments and distributive justice concerns the essay suggests that a constitutional structure that prioritizes consensual exchange is more likely to sustain a cooperative venture for mutual advantage.

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Hayot, Eric R. J. "The Strange Case of Araki Yasusada: Author, Object." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 120, no. 1 (January 2005): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081205x36868.

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The essay reads the authorial hoax surrounding Araki Yasusada, said to be the author of poems relating experiences in post-Hiroshima Japan. The case—Yasusada's poems seem to have been written by a white American man—recalls (not for the first time) the difficulty the literary imagination has in dealing with biographical authorship. After examining the polemics the case generated around poetries of witness, the essay connects Yasusada's imagination to three other ideas: first, the collectively pathological memory associated with historical trauma (exemplified by Binjamin Wilkomirski's Fragments); second, subject-object relations in modern poetry (the essay closely reads two Yasusada poems in terms of their phenomenological concerns); and, third, a debate around the question of “woman's writing” carried on by Nancy K. Miller and Peggy Kamuf and inspired by another authorial hoax. The essay concludes by thinking about authors as historical objects—objects of readers’ subjective perception of them.

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Schinckus, Christophe. "An Essay on Financial Information in the Era of Computerization." Journal of Information Technology 33, no. 1 (March 2018): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41265-016-0027-1.

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This article deals with the increasing computerization of the financial markets and the consequences of such process on our ability to collect information about financial prices. The concept of information is at the heart of financial economics simply because this notion is a precondition for all investments. Since financial prices characterize an agreement on a transaction between two counterparties, they understandably became a key informational indicator for decision. This article will analyse the increasing computerization of financial sphere by discussing the recent emergence of what is called a “flash crash” and its impact on the traditional ways of collecting information in finance (technical analysis, fundamental analysis and statistical approach). I argue that the growing computerization of financial markets generated a “hyper-reality” in which financial prices do not refer to “something” anymore implying a revision of our usual way of defining/using the notion of information.

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Church, Kathryn, Jessica Vorstermans, and Kathryn Underwood. "Tensions of Trans-institutionalization in Disabled Childhoods: A Photo Essay." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 9, no. 3 (September 26, 2020): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v9i3.649.

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This article describes how researchers from a longitudinal study of early childhood service systems generated a visual representation of transinstitutionalization that could facilitate dialogue for change with a variety of audiences. Comprised of seven portable banners, the photo essay that we constructed features snapshots of documents and/or material objects brought forward by mothers, grandmothers, fathers and foster parents in the course of research interviews. Working the theme of tensions in disabled childhoods, we assembled the collection to produce sharp contrasts between the generalizing effects that institutional involvement has on disabled children, and the particular lives that they live out at home with family members. Proceeding banner by banner, the article reveals the “thinking through” that we did to produce the photo essay, and our hopes for informing action on a systemic relation whereby parents are held responsible for producing ‘normal’ children.

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Schinckus, Christophe. "Essay on performance writing: Pataphysical Oulipo-ian perspective on the rationalist programme." Journal of Writing in Creative Practice 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jwcp_00014_1.

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This article exemplifies the concept of performance writing through an essay that falls at the crossover point between academic (Apollonian) and artistic (Dionysian) piece of work caricaturing rationalist conservatism. By using an unconventional approach coming from French literature (pataphysics), this article explores the hilarity of well-constructed rationalist conservatism by irrationalizing it through a rigorous absurdity and visual entities. Such writing experience leads the reader to a visual Oulipo-ian dialogue illustrating the tension that an extreme rationalism might generate between thinkers.

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Forget, Evelyn. "Abolishing poverty: the history and significance of the North American Guaranteed Annual Income Social Experiments." HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, no. 1 (November 2010): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2010-001001.

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Between 1968 and 1980, five negative income tax field experiments were conducted in North America. This essay examines the history of these five experiments, both in the political and social contexts of the period and as one chapter in the historical evolution of the social sciences. It considers the political and social contexts of the period and explores the ways in which these experiments were both generated by, and a challenge to, these deeper currents. The essay also presents some preliminary health and social results from a re-examination of the Canadian experiment

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Lyons, Terrence. "Transnational Politics in Ethiopia: Diasporas and the 2005 Elections." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 15, no. 2-3 (March 2011): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.15.2-3.265.

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Beginning with a discussion of new political processes in transnational social networks, this essay presents Ethiopians in North America as a conflict-generated transnational diaspora closely involved in homeland politics. The essay surveys a range of key diaspora political organizations and media, detailing their involvement in the dramatic political events surrounding the Ethiopian election in 2005. The critical and creative roles that the Ethiopian diaspora played—in framing political events and as a gatekeeper for opposition strategies—provided essential support for the homeland’s opposition parties both during and after the election. (6 March 2009)

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Kinder, Marsha. "Restoring Broken Embraces." Film Quarterly 63, no. 3 (2010): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2010.63.3.28.

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Reading Broken Embraces as Almodóóvar's 8½½, this essay explores its celebration of cinema's resilience at an historic moment when the medium has gone digital and its distribution is being redefined. Almodóóvar's remix of earlier films and genres shows how intertextuality generates plot.

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McRuer, Robert. "Curb Cuts: Crip Displacements and El Edificio de Enfrente." Somatechnics 6, no. 2 (September 2016): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2016.0191.

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Theorists of neoliberalism have placed dispossession and displacement at the centre of their analyses of the workings of contemporary global capitalism. Disability, however, has not figured centrally into these analyses. This essay attends to what might be comprehended as the crip echoes generated by dispossession, displacement, and a global austerity politics. Centring on British-Mexican relations during a moment of austerity in the UK and gentrification in Mexico City, the essay identifies both the voices of disability that are recognized by and made useful for neoliberalism as well as those shut down or displaced by this dominant economic and cultural system. The spatial politics of austerity in the UK have generated a range of punishing, anti-disabled policies such as the so-called ‘Bedroom Tax.’ The essay critiques such policies (and spatial politics) by particularly focusing on two events from 2013: a British embassy good will event exporting British access to Mexico City and an installation of photographs by Livia Radwanski. Radwanski's photos of the redevelopment of a Mexico City neighbourhood (and the displacement of poor people living in the neighbourhood) are examined in order to attend to the ways in which disability might productively haunt an age of austerity, dispossession, and displacement.

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WERRETT, SIMON. "Recycling in early modern science." British Journal for the History of Science 46, no. 4 (August 31, 2012): 627–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087412000696.

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AbstractThis essay follows recent work in environmental history to explore the history of recycling in physical sciences in Britain and North America since the seventeenth century. The term ‘recycling’ is here used broadly to refer to a variety of practices that extended the life of material resources for doing science in the early modern period. These included practices associated with maintenance, repair, exchange and the adaptation or reuse of material culture. The essay argues that such practices were common in early modern science, and informed experimental spaces and techniques and the ideas that they generated. The essay considers some of the varied motivations that led to such practices, and concludes by examining the endurance of recycling in science since the end of the eighteenth century, particularly in recent efforts to create sustainable scientific research practices.

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Solinas-Saunders, Monica. "The U.S. Federal Response to COVID-19 During the First 3 Months of the Outbreak: Was an Evidence-Based Approach an Option?" American Review of Public Administration 50, no. 6-7 (July 16, 2020): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020942408.

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This essay is a commentary on the U.S. Federal government response to the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak. The focus is on the response of the Trump Administration during the first 3 months of the outbreak, specifically the period between January 20, 2020, and May 15, 2020. The following question is addressed: To what extent was the strategy implemented by the U.S. federal government guided by evidence-based decisions? While nobody was a COVID-19 expert at the beginning of the outbreak, this being a novel virus, the essay argues that the U.S. federal government failed to use evidence from previous pandemics and natural disasters and from the experience of other countries. In addition, the essay warns of the current lack of consistency in following data generated by U.S. agencies and institutions.

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CLAIR, RALF ST. "Similarity and Superunknowns: An Essay on the Challenges of Educational Research." Harvard Educational Review 75, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.75.4.a263u5q535658h41.

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In this article, Ralf St. Clair makes the argument that induction—the process of applying research findings from one setting to another — is logically unsupported, irrespective of method or methodology, due to the existence of superunknowns. Superunknowns are defined as factors that cannot be anticipated, not because of instrumentation defects, but because of their nature. On this basis, St. Clair asserts that we cannot increase the credibility of educational research by trying ever more strenuously to create general laws. Instead, St. Clair argues for educational research to be viewed as a means to generate empirical heuristics for thought and inquiry, and for wider recognition of the central—and essential—role of human judgment, as exercised by practitioners and researchers, in the research endeavor.

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McRuer, Robert. "Disability and the NAMES Project." Public Historian 27, no. 2 (2005): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2005.27.2.53.

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This essay considers how the AIDS quilt can function within the public historical record as a disability artifact; it connects contestations over the quilt to contestations over the meaning of disability in American cultures. Although the AIDS quilt is a very different artifact from others constructed during the Disability Rights Movement, the movement that generated the AIDS quilt has likewise been propelled by a commitment to more democratic futures. This essay considers how interpretations of the past can contribute to such futures and asks what can be gained by broadening our still-fluctuating sense of what disability history might be.

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White, Eric. "Technicities of Deception: Dazzle Camouflage, Avant-Gardes and Sensory Augmentation in the First World War." Modernist Cultures 12, no. 1 (March 2017): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2017.0155.

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This essay identifies a new form of technicity that emerged in the First World War, in which enhancement and distortion effects generated by sensory augmentation technologies could be manipulated for strategic purposes by a variety of cultural agents. It argues that dazzle camouflage, a technology developed by the British Admiralty in 1917 to delay and confuse attacking U-boats, exemplifies this mediation of everyday life both on and off the battle fronts. Focusing on the London Vorticists, but also drawing on Futurist precedents, the essay explores how avant-gardes articulated the impact that technicities of augmentation had on modern selfhood.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Generateur essai'

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