Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Génératif'
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Loyauté, Gautier. "Un modèle génératif pour le développement de serveurs Internet." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470539.
Jean, Fabien. "L'échange génératif de technologies innovantes : engagement conceptif et conception de la valeur." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM082/document.
Innovation processes of large companies experience a lack of resources between Research and Development, i.e. the valley of death. Safran created its Innovation Department to counterbalance. It is based on exchanges with the subsidiaries. However such exchanges cannot be processed in most early stages, when they include unknowns. For instance, ideas generated through the DKCP method remain unexplored. This intervention-research aims at establishing a model of collective action to exchange in the unknown. It defends the thesis that, in the unknown, sellers and buyers of innovative technologies engage in the design of the boundary between technologies and environments.Facing the limits of classic models of exchanges of economy, decision, intéressement and creativity, this thesis adopts a design-theories framework. It proposes the model of design engagement of resources. It explains the limits of a common tool for exchanging technologies, i.e. Technology Readiness Levels. It proposes to model exchanges between seller and buyer as the exploration of the Technology-Environment boundary. To do so it constructs the C-K T / C-K E formalism. Finally, the method Steering Exploration Through Technology and Environment Invariants ("Pilotage de l'Exploration Par les Invariants Technologie-Environnement" (PEPITE) in French) is constructed in collaboration with Safran Innovation Department. It is based on two cases of explorations which passed the valley of death within the researchers intervention
Beller, Grégory. "Analyse et modèle génératif de l'expressivité : application à la Parole et à l'Interprétation musicale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431104.
Clair, Romain. "Etude de méthodes de production d'art génératif et de leur application pour la conception d'outils de création artistique accessibles." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4026/document.
Starting from a survey of algorithmic methods for automatic artistic creation, our works deals with adaptations of these methods to provide accessible art creation forms, focusing on music and computer drawing.the development of accessible computer software requires some constraints. Following these constraints and using adapted automatic art production systems, notably based on artificial ant colony algorithms, we developed two computer programs.The first one is a virtual music instrument, allowing most people to play music and providing and automatic accompaniment.The second one is a drawing workshop with generative methods-based tools provide complex results from simple actions.This PhD thesis details the development of this two programs and their evaluations, with real users meetings
Schwartzmann, Matheus Nogueira. "Cartas marcadas : prática epistolar e formas de vida na correspondência de Mário de Sá-Carneiro /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103560.
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Ortiz Gandini Baldan
Banca: Loredana Limoli
Banca: Maria Celia de Moraes Leonel
Banca: Vera Lucia Rodella Abriata
Resumo: A partir da análise das cartas enviadas pelo poeta português Mário de Sá-Carneiro ao poeta Fernando Pessoa, busca-se traçar, primeiramente, a arquitetura da correspondência, para somente então identificar a própria constituição do "sujeito Mário de Sá-Carneiro" nela instaurado. Para tanto, emprega-se o instrumental teórico-metodológico da semiótica de inspiração greimasiana, especialmente a noção de "forma de vida" e as proposições mais recentes de Jacques Fontanille, como o estudo das "práticas semióticas" e a sua proposta de um "percurso gerativo da expressão". Toma-se, assim, de início, a carta-objeto em sua materialidade, explicitando-se as coerções de ordem espacial e material que sofre enquanto objeto-suporte, as marcas que outras práticas (o sistema postal, por exemplo) nela inserem e a sua organização topológica. Na sequência, observa-se como as propriedades textuais e discursivas organizam-se no interior da carta e como são organizadas as próprias cartas no interior da correspondência, por meio de estratégias contínuas (como a sinceridade fiduciária) que lhe dão ritmo e garantem a sua existência enquanto prática epistolar eficiente. Do ponto de vista da identidade dos sujeitos inscritos nas cartas, busca-se, a princípio, identificar os espaços que habitam, sendo Paris o que mais intensamente é manifestado, e qual é o tempo (cronológico e afetivo) em que vivem a sua amizade epistolar. Em um segundo momento, apresentam-se as formas afetivas produzidas pelos percursos passionais que o sujeito Sá-Carneiro assume e pelas estratégias de veridicção que a carta instaura (como a sinceridade e a verdade, a espera e o desespero, a saudade e a angústia), que, reiteradas continuamente, representam verdadeiras "formas de vida" que definem a identidade do sujeito epistolar sá-carneiriano.
Résumé: A partir de l'analyse des lettres envoyées par le poète portugais Mário de Sá-Carneiro au poète Fernando Pessoa, on cherche à dégager, d'abord, l'architecture de la correspondance pour identifier, ensuite, la constitution même du « sujet Mário de Sá-Carneiro » qui y est instauré. Pour ce faire, on emploie ici la sémiotique d'inspiration greimassienne, plus précisément la notion de « formes de vie » et les contributions théoriques les plus récentes de Jacques Fontanille, notamment ces réflexions sur les « pratiques sémiotiques » et sur le « parcours génératif de l'expression ». Tout d'abord, on s'occupe de la « lettre-objet » dans toute sa matérialité, en mettant en évidence les contraintes spatiales et matérielles qu'elle subit en tant qu'objet-support ; les empreintes que toutes les autres pratiques lui impriment (le système postal, notamment) ; et aussi sa propre structure topologique. Ensuite, on examine l'organisation des propriétés textuelles et discursives au sein de la lettre et l'organisation même des lettres dans le contexte de la correspondance, à travers des stratégies persistantes (tels que la « sincérité fiduciaire ») qui, en donnant du rythme à la correspondance, assurent son existence en tant que pratique épistolaire efficiente. Du point de vie de l'identité des sujets inscrits dans les lettres analysées, on cherche, d'abord, à identifier les espaces qui les deux interlocuteurs habitent - Paris en étant l'espace le plus intensément manifesté - et le temps (chronologique et aussi affectif) où se déroule son amitié épistolaire. Ensuite, on met en valeur toutes les formes affectives (la sincérité et la vérité ; l'attente et le désespoir ; la nostalgie et l'angoisse) qui surgissent à partir des stratégies véridictoires que la lettre convoque et des parcours passionnels assumés pleinement par le sujet Sá-Carneiro.
Doutor
Gaillard, Pierre. "Apprentissage statistique de la connexité d'un nuage de points par modèle génératif : application à l'analyse exploratoire et la classification semi-supervisée." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1767.
In this work, we propose a statistical model to learn the connectedness of a set of points. This model combine geometrical and statistical approaches by defining a mixture model based on a graph. From this generative graph, we propose and evaluate methods and algorithms to analyse the set of points and to realize semi-supervised learning
Azeraf, Elie. "Classification avec des modèles probabilistes génératifs et des réseaux de neurones. Applications au traitement des langues naturelles." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03880848.
Many probabilistic models have been neglected for classification tasks with supervised learning for several years, as the Naive Bayes or the Hidden Markov Chain. These models, called generative, are criticized because the induced classifier must learn the observations' law. This problem is too complex when the number of observations' features is too large. It is especially the case with Natural Language Processing tasks, as the recent embedding algorithms convert words in large numerical vectors to achieve better scores.This thesis shows that every generative model can define its induced classifier without using the observations' law. This proposition questions the usual categorization of the probabilistic models and classifiers and allows many new applications. Therefore, Hidden Markov Chain can be efficiently applied to Chunking and Naive Bayes to sentiment analysis.We go further, as this proposition allows to define the classifier induced from a generative model with neural network functions. We "neuralize" the models mentioned above and many of their extensions. Models so obtained allow to achieve relevant scores for many Natural Language Processing tasks while being interpretable, able to require little training data, and easy to serve
Schwartzmann, Matheus Nogueira [UNESP]. "Cartas marcadas: prática epistolar e formas de vida na correspondência de Mário de Sá-Carneiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103560.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A partir de l’analyse des lettres envoyées par le poète portugais Mário de Sá-Carneiro au poète Fernando Pessoa, on cherche à dégager, d’abord, l’architecture de la correspondance pour identifier, ensuite, la constitution même du « sujet Mário de Sá-Carneiro » qui y est instauré. Pour ce faire, on emploie ici la sémiotique d’inspiration greimassienne, plus précisément la notion de « formes de vie » et les contributions théoriques les plus récentes de Jacques Fontanille, notamment ces réflexions sur les « pratiques sémiotiques » et sur le « parcours génératif de l’expression ». Tout d’abord, on s’occupe de la « lettre-objet » dans toute sa matérialité, en mettant en évidence les contraintes spatiales et matérielles qu’elle subit en tant qu’objet-support ; les empreintes que toutes les autres pratiques lui impriment (le système postal, notamment) ; et aussi sa propre structure topologique. Ensuite, on examine l’organisation des propriétés textuelles et discursives au sein de la lettre et l’organisation même des lettres dans le contexte de la correspondance, à travers des stratégies persistantes (tels que la « sincérité fiduciaire ») qui, en donnant du rythme à la correspondance, assurent son existence en tant que pratique épistolaire efficiente. Du point de vie de l’identité des sujets inscrits dans les lettres analysées, on cherche, d’abord, à identifier les espaces qui les deux interlocuteurs habitent — Paris en étant l’espace le plus intensément manifesté — et le temps (chronologique et aussi affectif) où se déroule son amitié épistolaire. Ensuite, on met en valeur toutes les formes affectives (la sincérité et la vérité ; l’attente et le désespoir ; la nostalgie et l’angoisse) qui surgissent à partir des stratégies véridictoires que la lettre convoque et des parcours passionnels assumés pleinement par le sujet Sá-Carneiro.
A partir da análise das cartas enviadas pelo poeta português Mário de Sá-Carneiro ao poeta Fernando Pessoa, busca-se traçar, primeiramente, a arquitetura da correspondência, para somente então identificar a própria constituição do “sujeito Mário de Sá-Carneiro” nela instaurado. Para tanto, emprega-se o instrumental teórico-metodológico da semiótica de inspiração greimasiana, especialmente a noção de “forma de vida” e as proposições mais recentes de Jacques Fontanille, como o estudo das “práticas semióticas” e a sua proposta de um “percurso gerativo da expressão”. Toma-se, assim, de início, a carta-objeto em sua materialidade, explicitando-se as coerções de ordem espacial e material que sofre enquanto objeto-suporte, as marcas que outras práticas (o sistema postal, por exemplo) nela inserem e a sua organização topológica. Na sequência, observa-se como as propriedades textuais e discursivas organizam-se no interior da carta e como são organizadas as próprias cartas no interior da correspondência, por meio de estratégias contínuas (como a sinceridade fiduciária) que lhe dão ritmo e garantem a sua existência enquanto prática epistolar eficiente. Do ponto de vista da identidade dos sujeitos inscritos nas cartas, busca-se, a princípio, identificar os espaços que habitam, sendo Paris o que mais intensamente é manifestado, e qual é o tempo (cronológico e afetivo) em que vivem a sua amizade epistolar. Em um segundo momento, apresentam-se as formas afetivas produzidas pelos percursos passionais que o sujeito Sá-Carneiro assume e pelas estratégias de veridicção que a carta instaura (como a sinceridade e a verdade, a espera e o desespero, a saudade e a angústia), que, reiteradas continuamente, representam verdadeiras “formas de vida” que definem a identidade do sujeito epistolar sá-carneiriano.
Hadjeres, Gaëtan. "Modèles génératifs profonds pour la génération interactive de musique symbolique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS027/document.
This thesis discusses the use of deep generative models for symbolic music generation. We will be focused on devising interactive generative models which are able to create new creative processes through a fruitful dialogue between a human composer and a computer. Recent advances in artificial intelligence led to the development of powerful generative models able to generate musical content without the need of human intervention. I believe that this practice cannot be thriving in the future since the human experience and human appreciation are at the crux of the artistic production. However, the need of both flexible and expressive tools which could enhance content creators' creativity is patent; the development and the potential of such novel A.I.-augmented computer music tools are promising. In this manuscript, I propose novel architectures that are able to put artists back in the loop. The proposed models share the common characteristic that they are devised so that a user can control the generated musical contents in a creative way. In order to create a user-friendly interaction with these interactive deep generative models, user interfaces were developed. I believe that new compositional paradigms will emerge from the possibilities offered by these enhanced controls. This thesis ends on the presentation of genuine musical projects like concerts featuring these new creative tools
Mery, Bruno. "Modélisation de la Sémantique Lexicale dans le cadre de la théorie des types." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627432.
Toumi, Mohsen. "Processus créatifs et systèmes auto-génératifs : automatisation, auto-génération et énaction : esquisse d'une esthétique énactive." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20090.
The purpose of this study is the creative processes of automatic and self-generating systems. The raised issue is based on the following paradox: how is it possible for an automatic and autopoietic system to create something that has an aesthetic value? Can we speak of poietic and aesthetic that are characteristics of self-generating systems? If possible, in what sense it is. And what would the implications and the stakes be. How to reconcile consciousness, intentionality emotion, with automation and algorithmic programming? Based on a sample of nine artists, and from a deductive-inductive approach, we have tried to reflect on the necessary links between: automation, autonomy, self-generation and énaction. We have come to realize that there is a continuous evolution that runs the entire history of the instrumentalization of art. This mediation, always evolving, has eventually led to a qualitative change. That is to a passage from a paradigm of do to a paradigm of make do with which the processes of automation, self-generation and enaction have become increasing crucial to the act of artistic creation. The make do paradigm is a paradigm of autopoiesis and emergence, in which, the artist no longer generates directly the work of art, but rather establishes the context of its self-generation. This progressive self-generation takes multiple forms and degrees, beginning with the combinatorial, explaratory, adaptive and transformational generativity through which the traditional creative triangle is found inoperative, and therefore the theory of advance art has changed its categories. In this context of paradigmatic change, à “new hybridization Human-Machine”, a “collective and distributed creativity” or “ecosystem auto-generativity” have become possible leads to new enactive and creative practices, to new adventures of aesthetic theory
Sébillot, Pascale. "Apprentissage sur corpus de relations lexicales sémantiques - La linguistique et l'apprentissage au service d'applications du traitement automatique des langues." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533657.
Do, Phan-Thuan. "Arbres de génération et génération exhaustive." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS027.
The work presented in my thesis is one of research results recently published by the Combinatorial Algorithmic group belonging to the laboratory LE2I, University of Burgundy, France. The aim of the thesis is to explore systematically the technique of generating trees in the context of the exhaustive generation of combinatorial objects. More precisely, it relies on the method of Enumerating Combinatorial Objects (ECO) first proposed by Barcucci et al. 1999. We study about the exhaustive generation of combinatorial objects based on generating trees for these classes, in order to construct efficient algorithms, in a representation and a natural order. First, we introduce a study on the generation of Dyck words and several relative classes of words represented in the lattice path Z2. We give efficient exhaustive generating algorithms for each class under consideration. All of the algorithms presented here are based on the unified approach of the ECO-method. Then we present a new technique, succession function, which refine succession rule. It permits to easily construct general efficient generating algorithms for these classes and to find some new classes easier than previous methods. The last parts study deeply on well-known classes which are generalised Fibonacci and Lucas classes and classes of compositions. New succession rules are proposed. New classes of pattern avoiding permutations are established and put in bijection with those classes
El, Jed Olfa. "WebSum : système de résumé automatique de réponses des moteurs de recherche." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30145.
This thesis lies within the general framework of the information retrieval and more precisely, within the framework of the web document classification and organization. Our objective is to develop a system of automatic summarizing of the search engine answers in the encyclopaedic style (WebSum). This type of summary aims at classifying the search engine answers according to the various topics or what we call in our work, facets of the user query. To carry out this objective, we propose : - A method of identification of the facets of a given query based on the generative lexicon; - An approach of classification of the search engine answers under this various facets; - And a method of evaluation of the relevance of the web pages
Gallas, Mohamed-Anis. "De l'intention à la solution architecturale : proposition d'une méthode d'assistance à la prise en compte de la lumière naturelle durant les phases amont de conception." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0101/document.
The daylight illuminates the architectural space and creates the necessary conditions to accommodate human activities. The illuminating function of daylight is joined to another sensitive dimension that attributes a distinctive identity to the designed space. The control of daylight in architectural environment needs some detailed and precise characteristics about aperture and walls features. The multiplicity of these characteristics is faced with the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the design information available during the early steps. Our research aims to propose a design support method that takes into account the early design step features and helps designers to integrate there daylight atmosphere intentions in project. We propose a design support method structured as a declarative modelling process. The declarative process helps the designer to declare his daylight intentions and to translate them to potential solutions that could be integrated in his project. This method considers the designer intentions as the main design information used to help designer during the early design steps. The proposed method provides functionalities that could operate the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the ideas research and formalisation steps. Our design support method was implemented in a prototype design support tool. The cognitive contribution and the ability to support the design activities of the proposed tool was evaluated and analysed in an experimental design context
Côté, Marc-Alexandre. "Réseaux de neurones génératifs avec structure." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10489.
Le, Roy Christine. "De la génération hippie à la génération yuppie aux Etats-Unis." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040152.
The hippies are the descendants of the beat generation of the fifties. Both groups showed non-conformism. The hippies tried to create a new type of family based on companionate marriage. They liked life in a community, close to nature. They were against war, but refused to take part in public demonstrations in the streets. They were nonviolent, above all. They rejected western materialism. Eastern philosophy was the only antidote for them. Heyday could only be reached with drugs. The songs of the sixties and seventies tried to awake the American consciousness. At the end of the seventies, the movement faded some hippies became artists, others became contestants and others yuppies. They are the present-day trends of the united-states. They are young urban professionals. They are serious and ambitious. They aspire to glory. They dream of power and money. They like sports and eat only healthy food. They have comfortable incomes. In politics, they are at the same time (in social matters) and conservative (for their business). They work harder than their parents to succeed, (the economical conjuncture is not particularly good for them. ) In the seventies, the American had lost the notion of American dream, after several disillusions: Vietnam, Watergate, energy crisis,. . . , but on the contrary, the yuppies think it is possible. If you really want it badly. Despite the diametrally opposite conceptions, some hippies went through their judgment again and became yuppies
Peytavie, Adrien. "Génération procédurale de Monde." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841373.
Marechal, Nicolas. "Génération de contenu graphique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843000.
Abrishami, Homeira. "Génération de motifs persans." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/156463229#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
This research offers an exhaustive classification of Persian Islamic ornamental patterns, based on a combination and a comparison of previous classifications, using historical Persian documents and decisive European scholarship. This research is unique because of the importance which we accord to Persian patterns, particularly to the Pre-Islamic ones that influenced later Islamic motifs. We then emphasize more recent Persian patterns and techniques (boteh, khataï et girih), whose development was local but influenced the entire Islamic world. Using many illustrations and examples, we describe these patterns and explain the process of their creation, highlighting the role that Greek and Persian mathematics played for centuries. We then analyse the importance of crystallography, from the XIX to XX centuries, first by linking symmetries of crystals (2, 3, 4 and 6 folds) with the periodic tilings of geometric ornaments, then by assimilating quasi-periodicity (5 fold symmetry) and Penrose’s tilings with the traditional technique of girih. Finally, we survey automatic computer generation of ornamental patterns
Pellenard, Bertrand. "Génération de maillages quadrangulaires." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4112.
The goal of this thesis is to devise methods and algorithms for the automatic generation of isotropic and anisotropic quadrilateral meshes. The first contribution is a method for isotropic quadrangular meshing of 2D domains, with control upon both element sizing and orientation. At the heart of our algorithm is an optimization procedure which uses several successive steps to improve the mesh quality criteria for size, orientation and regularity. This methodology allows the simultaneous control of element sizing and orientation. The second contribution is an automatic method for computing an anisotropic rectangular metric on piecewise smooth surfaces approximated by triangle meshes. This metric is derived from a user-specified maximum tolerance error, and is expressed in angular deviation of the normal to the surface. It only depends on a single intuitive tolerance parameter and is shown particularly well suited to preserve boundaries and sharp features. The third contribution is a method for anisotropic polygonal remeshing of surfaces. The algorithm uses a greedy optimization procedure which adds, removes and relocates generators on the surface to satisfy two criteria related to partitioning and mesh conformity. These generators induce first a surface decomposition from their associated metrics during the optimization step, the a surface partitioning during the final meshing step. This methodology provides a good fit between the metric and the mesh elements during the optimization step
Bonnard, Jennifer. "Génération d'images 3D HDR." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS014/document.
HDR imaging and 3D imaging are two areas in which the simultaneous but separate development has been growing in recent years. On the one hand, HDR (High Dynamic Range) imaging allows to extend the dynamic range of traditionnal images called LDR (Low Dynamic Range). On the other hand, 3Dimaging offers immersion in the shown film with the feeling to be part of the acquired scene. Recently, these two areas have been combined to provide 3D HDR images or videos but few viable solutions existand none of them is available to the public. In this thesis, we propose a method to generate 3D HDR images for autostereoscopic displays by adapting a multi-viewpoints camera to several exposures acquisition.To do that, neutral density filters are fixed on the objectives of the camera. Then, pixel matchingis applied to aggregate pixels that represent the same point in the acquired scene. Finally, radiance is calculated for each pixel of the set of images by using a weighted average of LDR values. An additiona lstep is necessary because some pixels have wrong radiance. We proposed a method based on the color of adjacent pixels and two methods based on the correction of the disparity of those pixels. The first method is based on the disparity of pixels of the neighborhood and the second method on the disparity independently calculated on each color channel. This pipeline allows the generation of 3D HDR image son each viewpoint. A tone-mapping algorithm is then applied on each of these images. Their composition with filters corresponding to the autostereoscopic screen used allows the visualization of the generated 3DHDR image
Rouxel-Labbé, Mael. "Génération de maillages anisotropes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4150/document.
In this thesis, we study the generation of anisotropic meshes using the concepts of Delaunay triangulations and Voronoi diagrams. We first consider the framework of locally uniform anisotropic meshes introduced by Boissonnat, Wormser and Yvinec. Despite known theoretical guarantees, the practicality of this approach has only been hardly studied. An exhaustive empirical study is presented and reveals the strengths but also the overall impracticality of the method. In a second part, we investigate the anisotropic Voronoi diagram introduced by Labelle and Shewchuk and give conditions on a set of seeds such that the corresponding diagram has a dual that is an embedded triangulation in any dimension; an algorithm to generate such sets is devised. Using the same diagram, we propose an algorithm to generate efficiently anisotropic triangulations of low-dimensional manifolds embedded in high-dimensional spaces. Our algorithm is provable, but produces disappointing results. Finally, we study Riemannian Voronoi diagrams and introduce discrete Riemannian Voronoi diagrams, which employ recent developments in the numerical computation of geodesic distances and whose computation is accelerated through the use of an underlying anisotropic graph structure. We give conditions that guarantee that our discrete structure is combinatorially equivalent to the Riemannian Voronoi diagram and that its dual is an embedded triangulation, using both straight and curved simplices. We obtain significantly better results than with our other methods, but the overall utility of
Webanck, Antoine. "Génération procédurale d'effets atmosphériques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1109/document.
This thesis focusses on the synthetization of natural landscapes, and more particularly on their celestial part. The aspect of the sky is governed by plenty of atmospheric phenomena, among which clouds play a major role for they are recurrent and widespread. Even without directly considering the sky, the density of the clouds allows them to intensely modify the global illumination of a landscape. The work of this thesis thus focuses mainly on the editing, modelling and animation of cloud areas of landscape dimensions.Because the thermodynamic simulation of cloud formation is hard to control and its maximum resolution quickly limits the details of the simulated volume, we propose instead a procedural generation method. We build a lightweight cloudscape model as a hierarchy of functions. The finest details are obtained by composing procedural noises and reproduce the specific shapes of different kinds of clouds. The large-scale cloud presence is described at a high level and at different times by maps drawn by the user. These discrete maps are transformed into implicit static primitives and then interpolated by morphing, accounting for relief and winds in order to produce coherent trajectories. The implicit field obtained by mixing the interpolating primitives represents the spatiotemporal field of cloud density. Images are finally synthesized by rendering of the atmospheric participative medium according to our own implementation, executed in parallel on a graphic card
Fleury, Charles. "Génération lyrique et génération X : parcours de jeunesse de deux générations au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25107/25107.pdf.
Cordier, Nicolas. "Approches multi-atlas fondées sur l'appariement de blocs de voxels pour la segmentation et la synthèse d'images par résonance magnétique de tumeurs cérébrales." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4111/document.
This thesis focuses on the development of automatic methods for the segmentation and synthesis of brain tumor Magnetic Resonance images. The main clinical perspective of glioma segmentation is growth velocity monitoring for patient therapy management. To this end, the thesis builds on the formalization of multi-atlas patch-based segmentation with probabilistic graphical models. A probabilistic model first extends classical multi-atlas approaches used for the segmentation of healthy brains structures to the automatic segmentation of pathological cerebral regions. An approximation of the marginalization step replaces the concept of local search windows with a stratification with respect to both atlases and labels. A glioma detection model based on a spatially-varying prior and patch pre-selection criteria are introduced to obtain competitive running times despite patch matching being non local. This work is validated and compared to state-of-the-art algorithms on publicly available datasets. A second probabilistic model mirrors the segmentation model in order to synthesize realistic MRI of pathological cases, based on a single label map. A heuristic method allows to solve for the maximum a posteriori and to estimate uncertainty of the image synthesis model. Iterating patch matching reinforces the spatial coherence of synthetic images. The realism of our synthetic images is assessed against real MRI, and against outputs of the state-of-the-art method. The junction of a tumor growth model to the proposed synthesis approach allows to generate databases of annotated synthetic cases
Lanusse, Patrick. "De la commande CRONE de première génération à la commande CRONE de troisième génération." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10543.
Mognol, Pascal. "Contribution à la génération automatique de gammes en tournage : génération dirigée par évaluation progressive." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0019.
Parigot, Didier. "Contribution à la programmation générative." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506070.
Mairesse, Yann. "Génération et caractérisation d'impulsions attosecondes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011620.
En transposant une technique d'interférométrie spectrale couramment utilisée pour la caractérisation complète d'impulsions infrarouges (SPIDER), nous effectuons une caractérisation complète monocoup du profil temporel d'harmoniques individuelles, à l'échelle femtoseconde.
Ensuite, nous étudions expérimentalement la structure attoseconde du rayonnement harmonique, et mettons en évidence une dérive temporelle dans l'émission : les harmoniques les plus faibles sont émises avant les plus élevées. Cette dérive, qui est directement liée à la dynamique électronique microscopique dans le processus de génération, limite la durée d'impulsion que l'on peut obtenir en augmentant la largeur spectrale. Nous présentons les résultats de l'optimisation des conditions de génération afin d'améliorer la synchronisation dans l'émission. Nous montrons également la possibilité de recomprimer les impulsions attosecondes.
Enfin, nous proposons une nouvelle technique pour la caractérisation complète d'impulsions attosecondes arbitraires : FROGCRAB. Elle permettrait une mesure simultanée des caractéristiques femtoseconde et attoseconde du rayonnement, et ainsi une connaissance complète de la source lumineuse attoseconde en vue de son utilisation dans des expériences d'applications.
Villeneuve, D. "Logiciel de génération de colonnes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ53547.pdf.
Petitjean, Simon. "Génération modulaire de grammaires formelles." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2048/document.
The work presented in this thesis aim at facilitating the development of resources for natural language processing. Resources of this type take different forms, because of the existence of several levels of linguistic description (syntax, morphology, semantics, . . . ) and of several formalisms proposed for the description of natural languages at each one of these levels. The formalisms featuring different types of structures, a unique description language is not enough: it is necessary to create a domain specific language (or DSL) for every formalism, and to implement a new tool which uses this language, which is a long a complex task. For this reason, we propose in this thesis a method to assemble in a modular way development frameworks specific to tasks of linguistic resource generation. The frameworks assembled thanks to our method are based on the fundamental concepts of the XMG (eXtensible MetaGrammar) approach, allowing the generation of tree based grammars. The method is based on the assembling of a description language from reusable bricks, and according to a unique specification file. The totality of the processing chain for the DSL is automatically assembled thanks to the same specification. In a first time, we validated this approach by recreating the XMG tool from elementary bricks. Some collaborations with linguists also brought us to assemble compilers allowing the description of morphology and semantics
Schmitt, Maxime. "Génération automatique de codes adaptatifs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD029.
In this thesis we introduce a new application programming interface to help developers to optimize an application with approximate computing techniques. This interface is provided as a language extension to advise the compiler about the parts of the program that may be optimized with approximate computing and what can be done about them. The code transformations of the targeted regions are entirely handled by the compiler to produce an adaptive software. The produced adaptive application allocates more computing power to the locations where more precision is required, and may use approximations where the precision is secondary. We automate the discovery of the optimization parameters for the special class of stencil programs which are common in signal/image processing and numerical simulations. Finally, we explore the possibility of compressing the application data using the wavelet transform and we use information found in this basis to locate the areas where more precision may be needed
Thiéblin, Elodie. "Génération automatique d'alignements complexes d'ontologies." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30135.
The Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud is composed of data repositories. The data in the repositories are described by vocabularies also called ontologies. Each ontology has its own terminology and model. This leads to heterogeneity between them. To make the ontologies and the data they describe interoperable, ontology alignments establish correspondences, or links between their entities. There are many ontology matching systems which generate simple alignments, i.e., they link an entity to another. However, to overcome the ontology heterogeneity, more expressive correspondences are sometimes needed. Finding this kind of correspondence is a fastidious task that can be automated. In this thesis, an automatic complex matching approach based on a user's knowledge needs and common instances is proposed. The complex alignment field is still growing and little work address the evaluation of such alignments. To palliate this lack, we propose an automatic complex alignment evaluation system. This system is based on instances. A famous alignment evaluation dataset has been extended for this evaluation
Flandrin, Nicolas. "Génération de maillage hybride pour les simulateurs de réservoir pétrolier de nouvelle génération : extension 3D." Troyes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TROY0009.
During the exploitation of an oil reservoir, it is important to predict the recovery of hydrocarbons and to optimize its production. A better comprehension of the physical phenomena requires to simulate 3D multiphase flows in increasingly complex geological structures. In this thesis, we are interested in this spatial discretization and we propose to extend in 3D the 2D hybrid model proposed by IFP in 1998 where the radial characteristics of the flows in the vicinity of wells are directly taken into account in the geometry. In these hybrid meshes, the wells and their drainage area are described by structured radial circular meshes and the reservoirs are represented by structured meshes that can be non uniform Cartesian or Corner Point Geometry grids. In order to generate a global conforming mesh, unstructured transition meshes based on power diagrams and satisfying finite volume properties are used to connect together the structured meshes. Two methods have been implemented to generate these transition meshes: a method using a Delaunay triangulation and another one using a frontal approach. In addition, some criteria are introduced to measure the quality or the transition meshes and optimization procedures are proposed to increase some of these criteria under finite volume properties constraints
Lucas, Thomas. "Modèles génératifs profonds : sur-généralisation et abandon de mode." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM049.
This dissertation explores the topic of generative modelling of natural images,which is the task of fitting a data generating distribution.Such models can be used to generate artificial data resembling the true data, or to compress images.Latent variable models, which are at the core of our contributions, seek to capture the main factors of variations of an image into a variable that can be manipulated.In particular we build on two successful latent variable generative models, the generative adversarial network (GAN) and Variational autoencoder (VAE) models.Recently GANs significantly improved the quality of images generated by deep models, obtaining very compelling samples.Unfortunately these models struggle to capture all the modes of the original distribution, ie they do not cover the full variability of the dataset.Conversely, likelihood based models such as VAEs typically cover the full variety of the data well and provide an objective measure of coverage.However these models produce samples of inferior visual quality that are more easily distinguished from real ones.The work presented in this thesis strives for the best of both worlds: to obtain compelling samples while modelling the full support of the distribution.To achieve that, we focus on i) the optimisation problems used and ii) practical model limitations that hinder performance.The first contribution of this manuscript is a deep generative model that encodes global image structure into latent variables, built on the VAE, and autoregressively models low level detail.We propose a training procedure relying on an auxiliary loss function to control what information is captured by the latent variables and what information is left to an autoregressive decoder.Unlike previous approaches to such hybrid models, ours does not need to restrict the capacity of the autoregressive decoder to prevent degenerate models that ignore the latent variables.The second contribution builds on the standard GAN model, which trains a discriminator network to provide feedback to a generative network.The discriminator usually assesses the quality of individual samples, which makes it hard to evaluate the variability of the data.Instead we propose to feed the discriminator with emph{batches} that mix both true and fake samples, and train it to predict the ratio of true samples in the batch.These batches work as approximations of the distribution of generated images and allows the discriminator to approximate distributional statistics.We introduce an architecture that is well suited to solve this problem efficiently,and show experimentally that our approach reduces mode collapse in GANs on two synthetic datasets, and obtains good results on the CIFAR10 and CelebA datasets.The mutual shortcomings of VAEs and GANs can in principle be addressed by training hybrid models that use both types of objective.In our third contribution, we show that usual parametric assumptions made in VAEs induce a conflict between them, leading to lackluster performance of hybrid models.We propose a solution based on deep invertible transformations, that trains a feature space in which usual assumptions can be made without harm.Our approach provides likelihood computations in image space while being able to take advantage of adversarial training.It obtains GAN-like samples that are competitive with fully adversarial models while improving likelihood scores over existing hybrid models at the time of publication, which is a significant advancement
Dangauthier, Pierre-Charles. "Fondations, méthode et applications de l'apprentissage bayésien." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267643.
Chambefort, Françoise. "Mimèsis du flux, exploration des potentialités narratives des flux de données." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC004.
Sometimes called stream art or data art, digital art seizes data streams as its raw materials. Choosing a path of creative research, this thesis explores the story-telling potentialities of data streams. Structured around technical, social, semiotic and aesthetic approaches, its thinking draws on various fields of study : information and communication sciences, but also computer sciences, cognitive sciences, philosophy, sociology and narratology. The work Lucette, Gare de Clichy was especially designed to answer the researched question. The conformation of the work allowed for two different versions of it : a screen version and a performance. It is studied in all its stages, from its creation process to the public's response to it. Jonathan Fletcher Moore's installation, Artificial Killing Machine, is also analyzed. First, our object of research - stories made from a real-time data stream - is defined and the concept of data mills is crafted to refer to this type of work. Then four hypothesis are formulated and individually verified. If data mills are to be able to form a narrative representation, they must free themselves from the logic of action. Thus can fiction become powered by reality. The metaphor that links the data originated in reality and the crafted fiction generates in the viewer a shifting of focus between what is compared and what compares. This switching-metaphor has the power to reinforce the meaning it carries. Data mills are therefore able to convey the contingency of life as experienced by a vulnerable individual, tossed back and forth between objective and subjective time
Mehr, Éloi. "Unsupervised Learning of 3D Shape Spaces for 3D Modeling." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS566.
Even though 3D data is becoming increasingly more popular, especially with the democratization of virtual and augmented experiences, it remains very difficult to manipulate a 3D shape, even for designers or experts. Given a database containing 3D instances of one or several categories of objects, we want to learn the manifold of plausible shapes in order to develop new intelligent 3D modeling and editing tools. However, this manifold is often much more complex compared to the 2D domain. Indeed, 3D surfaces can be represented using various embeddings, and may also exhibit different alignments and topologies. In this thesis we study the manifold of plausible shapes in the light of the aforementioned challenges, by deepening three different points of view. First of all, we consider the manifold as a quotient space, in order to learn the shapes’ intrinsic geometry from a dataset where the 3D models are not co-aligned. Then, we assume that the manifold is disconnected, which leads to a new deep learning model that is able to automatically cluster and learn the shapes according to their typology. Finally, we study the conversion of an unstructured 3D input to an exact geometry, represented as a structured tree of continuous solid primitives
Bertault, Francois. "Génération et tracé de structures décomposables." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557784.
Raven, Jan-Paul. "Micro-mousse : génération, écoulement et manipulation." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192819.
BOUKELLAL, Hakim. "Propulsion par l'actine : Génération de force." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009387.
Peytavit, Emilien. "Génération et Propagation aux fréquences Terahertz." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008092.
Gratton, Hélène. "Premiers romans de la génération lyrique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43879.pdf.
Gratton, Hélène. "Premièrs romans de la génération lyrique." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28055.
The objective of the present research was to determine more precisely whether the first novel of writers of the lyric generation reflected the spirit particular to that generation, in what way and to what extent. In other words, the present work consisted of either confirming or invalidating Ricard's hypothesis by analysing it in the light of the literary works themselves.
Twenty-three novels were chosen according to the year of their publication (1967--1975) and the age of the authors at the time of publication (between 21 and 31 years).
An analysis of the works clearly confirmed Ricard's intuition: egocentricity and introspection, revolution and reinvention of literary style and narcissism were consistently present in the novels studied. These characteristics stem from a clear dominance of the autodiegetic narration style, the control of elements of time and space by the narrator, who is often personally identifiable with the author and finally from an upheaval of scriptural standards. The thematic of the style of writing as an outlet, a pleasure or an experimentation is ever present. The narrators themselves dominate the stage and their narcissistic personalities are evident throughout.
Foucher, Etienne. "Génération et fonctions des macrophages immunorégulateurs." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0056/document.
According to the soluble factors in the environment (cytokines), monocytes differentiate into macrophages (Mϕ) or dendritic cells. This project demonstrates that IL-34, a second ligand of the M-CSF receptor (c-fms or CD115), induces the differentiation of human monocytes into CD14high CD163 high Mφ (IL-34-Mφ), phenotypically and functionally similar to M-CSF-Mφ and to tumorassociated macrophages (TAM) isolated from the ovarian cancer. They exhibit potent immunosuppressive properties and decrease the proliferation of stimulated Tcells. As Mφ orchestrate the immune response, I have evaluated the capacity of M-CSF-Mφ, IL-34-Mφ and TAM to polarize human memory CD4+ T cells. Unexpectedly, results showed that they switch non- Th17 memory CD4+ T cells into conventional CCR4+ CCR6+ CD161+ Th17 cells, expressing or not IFNγ. This process is mediated by the constitutive expression of membrane IL-1α on these Mϕ subsets. In an attempt to identify strategies to prevent an accumulation of immunomodulatory Mϕ in cancer, I have shown that (i) IFNγ and GM-CSF prevent M-CSFandIL-34-induced monocyte differentiation into immunosuppressive Mφ and (ii) that IFNγ switchesestablished M-CSF-Mφ and IL-34-Mφ into immunostimulatory Mφ. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that human MCSF- Mφ, IL-34-Mφ and TAM initially considered as antiinflammatorycells, induce in vitro Th17 cell generation via a constitutive expression of membrane IL-1α. This process may contribute to maintain locally a restrained and smoldering inflammation required for angiogenesis and metastasis in tumors
Richard, Julien. "Développement d’accumulateur nouvelle génération Mg ion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI125/document.
This PhD thesis aims to develop Mg-Ion cathode materials. Once the electrolyte selected and the electrochemical characterization system established, two insertion materials families were studied: Chevrel phases and manganese dioxides.The Chevrel phases Mo6S8 and Mo6Se8 have been the subject of a coupled electrochemistry / XPS ex situ understanding study. The two phases were characterized by voltammetry, GITT and PITT showing diffusion coefficients ranging from 10-11 to 10-14 cm2.s-1. Unconventional redox mechanisms were observed by XPS studies indicating a charge transfer inside the anions in addition to the reduction of the transition metals. The comparison of the two materials Mo6S8 and Mo6Se8 indicates the sulfur is more involved in the charge transfer than the selenium.In the second part, two MnO2 promising structures have been selected and studied: hollandite and birnessite. We evidenced that electrolyte hydratation is needed to allow the insertion inside the different MnO2 structures. RMN 1H and XPS analyses revealed a co-insertion phenomenon involving Mg2+ cations and H2O molecules. However, these compounds exhibit a poor cyclability and irreversible capacities of 50% to 80%. This understanding work is a first step towards the design of new reversible insertion materials for Mg-Ion batteries
Durand, Gbezo Evelyne. "Les antihypertenseurs centraux de seconde génération." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P129.
Maugé, Rudy. "Modèles de génération des marées internes." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2040.
This thesis studies the generation of internal tides and their propagation toward the deep ocean. We emphasize the major rote of interactions between the modes, and more particularly their influence on the nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal-tide evolution and its subsequent disintegration in solitons. The sequence of internal tide generation models derived here, gradually leads to a more realistic representation of stratification and topography. A weakly nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal tide model with three homogeneous layers is developed to study the influence of a double thermocline (e. G. Both a seasonal and a permanent one) on the generation of solitons. The results show the crucial rote of the second, deeper interface as it accelerates and intensifies the formation of solitons. For a continuous representation of stratification, a linear and hydrostaic model for the generation and propagation of internal tide is presented. It's derived using a modal approach, in which the topography is assumed to be slowly varying with respect to the horizontal internal-tide length scale. For parameters representative of the Gay of Biscay, the model shows how the internal-tide energy propagates toward the deep ocean, affecting the whole water column. This model offers the benefit of allowing a straightforward extension to a weakly nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal-tide generation model, and is shown to be able to describe the local generation of solitons in the central Gay of Biscay, in accordance with observations
Carroy, Bertrand. "La génération naturelle chez Thomas d’Aquin." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040156.
The generation of the body is a basic concept for anyone studying nature. Pervasive since the beginning of Greek philosophy, Christian thought introduced it and gave it a double destiny : on the one hand it seems to be overshadowed for the benefit of the Creation’s notion ; on the other hand it is transformed in the theological discourse to express the Trinitarian relation of the Father and the Son. The goal of this study is to show how Thomas Aquinas, great witness and actor of the thirteenth century and actor in Aristotelian theoria’s reception in the theological discourse, understands and uses the concept of natural generation. By the precise study of the central philosophical topic and by its theological application, clearly appears Thomas’ project of unifying faith and reason. Means used in this study are a thorough text inventory and the ordering of the great motions composing his thought on natural generation : its principles, specificity and divisions (elements, inanimate corps, vegetables, animals), human generation’s case. These motions bring together some of the crucial medieval questions, particularly those of the eternity of the world and the plurality of the forms. Thomas Aquinas shows, through a reasoned used of Aristotle’s corpus by giving intelligibility to the nature and Revelation which is manifested through it, both an absolute respect for Holy Scripture and a fine intellectual daring