Relevant bibliographies by topics / Generating poles

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Generating poles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 May 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Generating poles"

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Zeng, Xian Tao, and Qian Hua Ren. "Power Generation System by Vehicle on the Downhill of Expressway." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1361.

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In this paper, a method of magnetoelectricity power generation system for vehicle on the downhill of expressways is proposed. This system is a clean energy system that can be reused. Its structure includes car magnetic poles, magnetic poles imbedded in road surface, closed circuit imbedded in road surface, rectifier, inverter and storage battery. Multi-unit magnetic poles and closed circuits imbedded in the road surface are used in this invention, so when the car poles move with the running down of cars on downhill, magnetic flow in closed circuits will change to produce a technique of group control power generation. From the simulated system in the test, it can be seen that it is efficient and effective in generating power.
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Li, Xin, Tao Che, Xinwu Li, Lei Wang, Anmin Duan, Donghui Shangguan, Xiaoduo Pan, Miao Fang, and Qing Bao. "CASEarth Poles: Big Data for the Three Poles." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): E1475—E1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0280.1.

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Abstract Unprecedented changes in the climate and environment have been observed in the three poles, including the North Pole, the South Pole, and the Third Pole–Tibetan Plateau. Although considerable data have been collected and several observation networks have been built in these polar regions, the three poles are relatively data-scarce regions due to inaccessible data acquisition, high-cost labor, and difficult living environments. To address the obstacles to better understanding the unprecedented changes in the three poles and their effects on the global environment and humans, there is a pressing need for better data acquisition, curation, integration, service, and application to support fundamental scientific research and sustainable development for the three poles. CASEarth Poles, a project within the framework of the “CAS Big Earth Data Science Engineering” program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, aims to construct a big data platform for the three poles. CASEarth Poles will be devoted to 1) breaking the bottleneck of polar data curation, integration, and sharing; 2) developing high-resolution remote sensing products over the three poles; 3) generating atmospheric reanalysis datasets for the polar regions; 4) exploring the synchronization, asynchronization, and teleconnection of the environmental changes in the three poles; 5) investigating the climate, water cycle, and ecosystem dynamics and the interactions among the multispheres in the polar regions and their global effects; and 6) supporting decision-making with regard to sea ice forecasting, infrastructure, and sustainable development in polar regions. CASEarth Poles will collaborate with international efforts to enable better data and information services for the three poles in the big data era.
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Cohen, J. W. "Analysis of the asymmetrical shortest two-server queueing model." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 11, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 115–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953398000112.

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This study presents the analytic solution for an asymmetrical two-server queueing model for arriving customers joining the shorter queue for the case of Poisson arrivals and negative exponentially distributed service times. The bivariate generating function of the stationary joint distribution of the queue lengths is explicitly determined.The determination of this bivariate generating function requires a construction of four generating functions. It is shown that each of these functions is the sum of a polynomial and a meromorphic function. The poles and residues at the poles of the meromorphic functions can be simply calculated recursively; the coefficients of the polynomials are easily found, in particular, if the asymmetry in the model parameters is not excessively large. The starting point for the asymptotic analysis for the queue lengths is obtained. The approach developed in the present study is applicable to a larger class of random walks modeling asymmetrical two-dimensional queueing processes.
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KHARE, NELOY. "Influence of solar activity on climate : Poles to Tropics." MAUSAM 62, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v62i4.390.

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Solar activities are directly or indirectly responsible for climate variability around the globe. Evidences of such correspondences between solar activities and palaeoclimatic proxy data have been reported from polar as well as tropical regions, suggesting solar influence over climate dynamics. However, these findings need to be further strengthened by covering vast geographical region for generating palaeoclimatic data and corresponding variations in solar activities. A better time control on proxy data is essential to arrive at conclusive understanding and plausible causal linkages between solar activity and climate changes from poles to tropics.
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Corcino, Cristina Bordaje. "Asymptotic Approximations of Apostol-Genocchi Numbers and Polynomials." European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 14, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 666–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v14i3.3976.

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Asymptotic approximations of the Apostol-Genocchi numbers andpolynomials are derived using Fourier series and ordering of poles ofthe generating function. Asymptotic formulas for the Apostol-Eulernumbers and polynomials are obtained as consequence. Asymptoticformulas for special cases which include the Genocchi numbers andpolynomials are also explicitly stated.
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Grabner, Peter J., and Bertran Steinsky. "Asymptotic behaviour of the poles of a special generating function for acyclic digraphs." Aequationes mathematicae 70, no. 3 (December 2005): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00010-005-2806-6.

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Manojlović, Nenad, and Igor Salom. "Algebraic Bethe Ansatz for the Trigonometric sℓ(2) Gaudin Model with Triangular Boundary." Symmetry 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030352.

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In this paper we deal with the trigonometric Gaudin model, generalized using a nontrivial triangular reflection matrix (corresponding to non-periodic boundary conditions in the case of anisotropic XXZ Heisenberg spin-chain). In order to obtain the generating function of the Gaudin Hamiltonians with boundary terms we follow an approach based on Sklyanin’s derivation in the periodic case. Once we have the generating function, we obtain the corresponding Gaudin Hamiltonians with boundary terms by taking its residues at the poles. As the main result, we find the generic form of the Bethe vectors such that the off-shell action of the generating function becomes exceedingly compact and simple. In this way—by obtaining Bethe equations and the spectrum of the generating function—we fully implement the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the generalized trigonometric Gaudin model.
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Hoyt, M. A., L. He, K. K. Loo, and W. S. Saunders. "Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related gene products required for mitotic spindle assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 118, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.118.1.109.

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Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes, CIN8 and KIP1 (a.k.a. CIN9), were identified by their requirement for normal chromosome segregation. Both genes encode polypeptides related to the heavy chain of the microtubule-based force-generating enzyme kinesin. Cin8p was found to be required for pole separation during mitotic spindle assembly at 37 degrees C, although overproduced Kip1p could substitute. At lower temperatures, the activity of at least one of these proteins was required for cell viability, indicating that they perform an essential but redundant function. Cin8p was observed to be a component of the mitotic spindle, colocalizing with the microtubules that lie between the poles. Taken together, these findings suggest that these proteins interact with spindle microtubules to produce an outwardly directed force acting upon the poles.
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Price, Kari L., and Lesilee S. Rose. "LET-99 functions in the astral furrowing pathway, where it is required for myosin enrichment in the contractile ring." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 18 (September 2017): 2360–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0874.

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The anaphase spindle determines the position of the cytokinesis furrow, such that the contractile ring assembles in an equatorial zone between the two spindle poles. Contractile ring formation is mediated by RhoA activation at the equator by the centralspindlin complex and midzone microtubules. Astral microtubules also inhibit RhoA accumulation at the poles. In the Caenorhabditis elegans one-cell embryo, the astral microtubule–dependent pathway requires anillin, NOP-1, and LET-99. LET-99 is well characterized for generating the asymmetric cortical localization of the Gα-dependent force-generating complex that positions the spindle during asymmetric division. However, whether the role of LET-99 in cytokinesis is specific to asymmetric division and whether it acts through Gα to promote furrowing are unclear. Here we show that LET-99 contributes to furrowing in both asymmetrically and symmetrically dividing cells, independent of its function in spindle positioning and Gα regulation. LET-99 acts in a pathway parallel to anillin and is required for myosin enrichment into the contractile ring. These and other results suggest a positive feedback model in which LET-99 localizes to the presumptive cleavage furrow in response to the spindle and myosin. Once positioned there, LET-99 enhances myosin accumulation to promote furrowing in both symmetrically and asymmetrically dividing cells.
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Butler, Ronald W. "Asymptotic expansions and saddlepoint approximations using the analytic continuation of moment generating functions." Journal of Applied Probability 56, no. 01 (March 2019): 307–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2019.19.

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AbstractTransform inversions, in which density and survival functions are computed from their associated moment generating function $\mathcal{M}$, have largely been based on methods which use values of $\mathcal{M}$ in its convergence region. Prominent among such methods are saddlepoint approximations and Fourier-series inversion methods, including the fast Fourier transform. In this paper we propose inversion methods which make use of values for $\mathcal{M}$ which lie outside of its convergence region and in its analytic continuation. We focus on the simplest and perhaps richest setting for applications in which $\mathcal{M}$ is either a meromorphic function in its analytic continuation, so that all of its singularities are poles, or else the singularities are isolated essential. Asymptotic expansions of finite- and infinite-orders are developed for density and survival functions using the poles of $\mathcal{M}$ in its analytic continuation. For finite-order expansions, the expansion error is a contour integral in the analytic continuation, which we approximate using the saddlepoint method based on following the path of steepest descent. Such saddlepoint error approximations accurately determine expansion errors and, thus, provide the means for determining the order of the expansion needed to achieve some preset accuracy. They also provide an additive correction term which increases accuracy of the expansion. Further accuracy is achieved by computing the expansion errors numerically using a contour path which ultimately tracks the steepest descent direction. Important applications include Wilks’ likelihood ratio test in MANOVA, compound distributions, and the Sparre Andersen and Cramér–Lundberg ruin models.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Generating poles"

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Lemos, Leticia Lindenberg. "Do controle de impacto à promoção do fluxo: um debate sobre polos geradores de tráfego em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-01062017-162523/.

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No Brasil e em São Paulo as políticas públicas de mobilidade urbana foram historicamente orientadas para promover a fluidez dos automóveis. A partir do século XXI, particularmente na segunda década, o debate sobre mobilidade se desloca, passando a focar nas pessoas, ao invés de veículos, e na promoção de modos ativos. Esta pesquisa se insere neste contexto, analisando o instrumento de controle de impacto no sistema de circulação urbana denominado Polos Geradores de Tráfego. A partir de novos conceitos referenciais para mobilidade urbana, discutimos a evolução do marco regulatório referencial para este instrumento. Analisamos, então, como ele tem sido aplicado pela Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego através de uma ampla amostra desses empreendimentos e do estudo de caso comparativo entre dois shopping centers em São Paulo. Os resultados indicam que o instrumento tratado aqui e sua aplicação apresentam baixa aderência às condições territoriais, levando a uma abordagem limitada dos elementos de produção e atração de viagens. Com esta pesquisa, esperamos contribuir para o debate atual sobre a produção de cidades mais sustentáveis e mais acessíveis espacial e socialmente.
In Brazil and in São Paulo, the public policies concerning urban mobility have been historically oriented to promote the traffic flow for automobile. On the beginning of the XXI century, and particularly on its second decade, the debate about mobility started to a focus on people, rather than vehicles, and on the promotion of active modes. In this context, this research analysis the instrument used to control the impact on the circulation system, entitled Traffic Generating Poles. Based on new references for mobility policies we discuss the evolution of the regulatory framework for this instrument. We analyze how it has been implemented by the Traffic Engineering Company through a large sample of these buildings and a case study comparing two shopping centers in São Paulo. The results indicate that the instrument and its implementation present a low adherence to the conditions of the territory, leading to a limited approach on the elements of production and attraction of trips. With this research, we hope to contribute to the current debate on the production of cities that are more accessible both spatially and socially, and more environmentally friendly.
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Vinson, Jean-Philippe. "Pôles générateurs de flux de déplacements non pendulaires dans une agglomération multipolarisée : contribution à une nouvelle approche des transports publics à travers le cas de la Métropole d’Aix-Marseille Provence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2025. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2025/UEFL-2025/TH2025UEFL2010.pdf.

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De nos jours, les déplacements dans une agglomération sont souvent abordés selon les phénomènes de pointe avec des heures éponymes calquées sur les déplacements pendulaires (MUNCH, 2017). Or, sur certains territoires, les « autres motifs » deviennent prépondérants. C’est le cas des Bouches-du-Rhône, dont la Métropole d'Aix-Marseille Provence s’y confond quasi-intégralement (EMD BDR 2009). Cette dernière intéresse de par sa taille (1,9 millions d’habitants), sa jeunesse institutionnelle (créée le 1er janvier 2016) et son caractère multipolaire unique englobant le grand périurbain. Le but de ce travail croisant aménagement, mobilité, ingénierie et sociologie a été d’évaluer puis optimiser la gestion des flux de déplacements non pendulaires (DNP) engendrés par les pôles générateurs métropolitains afférents, en vue de l'adaptation des réseaux de transport public soumis à des objectifs de report modal.Nous avons tâché d’y répondre en deux parties. Il y a d’abord une première partie de cadrage avec la définition des pôle générateurs de déplacements non-pendulaires (PG DNP) puis du contexte géographique et institutionnel de notre terrain d’études en montrant son caractère hétérogène et encore mouvant avant de s’intéresser aux enquêtes de déplacements et leur conception vis-à-vis des DNP, offrant une connaissance macroscopique des déplacements locaux. Puis, la deuxième partie voit la création d’un protocole d’étude des DNP à travers l’idée que les PG DNP exercent une pression résultante de la fréquentation d’usage ainsi que de son environnement dont une meilleure connaissance peut permettre une réduction de cette pression d’usage. Une approche catégorielle des DNP a ainsi été appliqué et a abouti à cinq types de PG DNP que nous avons tâché de caractériser plus finement à travers l’étude de nouvelles données (billettique, circulation et GPS), ce qui a eu pour résultat de révéler les différents rythmes de fonctionnement des catégories de PG DNP. Enfin le dernier chapitre traitant des flux de DNP à l’aune des visions opérationnelles et citoyennes a révélé les difficultés d’adaptation aux DNP d’un outil de simulation tel que Metropolis 13+ si ces flux ne sont pas pensés nativement, ainsi que la prise en compte des DNP de manière indifférenciée vis-à-vis des autres types de déplacement, dans un contexte d’offre locale de transports en commun encore considéré insuffisante
Nowadays, commuting in an urban area is often addressed according to peak phenomena with eponymous hours modelled on commuting (MUNCH, 2017). In some jurisdictions, the “other grounds” become predominant. This is the case of the Bouches-du-Rhône, where the Aix-Marseille Provence Metropolis is almost entirely merged (EMD BDR 2009). The latter is interesting because of its size (1.9 million inhabitants), its institutional youth (created on January 1, 2016) and its unique multipolar character encompassing the large peri-urban. The aim of this work, which combines planning, mobility, engineering and sociology, was to evaluate and then optimize the management of non-commuting travel flows (NCT) generated by the related metropolitan generating poles, for the adaptation of public transport networks subject to modal shift objectives. We tried to answer it in two parts. There is first a first part of framing with the definition of non-commuting movement generating poles (NCT GP) the geographical and institutional context of our field of study by showing its heterogeneous character and still moving before being interested in travel surveys and their conception vis-à-vis the NCT, offering a macroscopic knowledge of local travel. The second part sees the creation of a protocol for studying NCT through the idea that GP NCT exert a pressure resulting from the use of frequentation and its environment, which a better knowledge can allow a reduction in this pressure. A categorical approach of the NCT was applied and resulted in five types of GP NCT that we tried to characterize more finely through the study of new data (ticketing, traffic and GPS), which resulted in revealing the different operating rhythms of GP NCT grades. Finally, the last chapter dealing with NCT flows in terms of operational and citizen visions revealed the difficulties of adapting to the NCT a simulation tool such as Metropolis 13+ if these flows are not thought natively, as well as the consideration of the NCT in an undifferentiated way vis-à-vis other types of travel, in a context of local public transport offer still considered insufficient
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Zebrowska, Anna. "Integration or assimilation : a study of second generation Poles in England." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/594/.

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Checksfield, M. J. "Pole slipping protection for small and medium sized embedded generation." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760705.

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Fragemann, Anna. "Optical parametric amplification with periodically poled KTiOPO4." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Laserfysik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-531.

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This thesis explores the use of engineered nonlinear crystals from the KTiOPO4 (KTP) family as the gain material in optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs), with the aim to achieve more knowledge about the benefits and limitations of these devices. The work aims further at extending the possible applications of OPAs by constructing and investigating several efficient and well performing amplifiers. An OPA consists of a strong pump source, which transfers its energy to a weak seed beam while propagating through a nonlinear crystal. The crystals employed in this work are members of the KTP family, which are attractive due to their large nonlinear coefficients, high resistance to damage and wide transparency range. The flexibility of OPAs with respect to different wavelength regions and pulse regimes was examined by employing various dissimilar seed and pump sources. The possibility to adapt an OPA to a specific pump and seed wavelength and achieve efficient energy conversion between the beams, originates from quasi-phasematching, which is achieved in periodically poled (PP) nonlinear crystals. Quasi-phasematched samples can be obtained by changing the position of certain atoms in a ferroelectric crystal and thereby reversing the spontaneous polarisation. In this thesis several material properties of PP crystals from the KTP family were examined. The wavelength and temperature dispersion of the refractive index were determined for PP RbTiOPO4, which is essential for future use of this material. Another experiment helped to increase the insight into the volumes close to domain walls in PP crystals Further, several OPAs were built and their ability to efficiently amplify the seed beam without changing its spectral or spatial properties was studied. Small signal gains of up to 55 dB and conversion efficiencies of more than 35 % were achieved for single pass arrangements employing 8 mm long PPKTP crystals. Apart from constructing three setups, which generated powerful nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond pulses, the possibility to amplify broadband signals was investigated. An increase of the OPA bandwidth by a factor of approximately three was achieved in a noncollinear configuration.
QC 20101013
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Levenius, Martin. "Optical Parametric Devices in Periodically Poled LiTaO3." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kvantelektronik och -optik, QEO, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-134915.

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Optical parametric frequency conversion based on quasi phase matching (QPM) in nonlinear optical crystals is a powerful technique for generating coherent radiation in wavelength ranges spanning from the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to the blue, displaying low thermal load and high efficiency.This thesis shows how QPM in one- (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) lattices can be employed to engineer novel devices for parametric downconversion in the IR, af-fording freedom in designing both spectral and angular properties of the parametric output. Experimental demonstrations of parametric devices are supported by theoreti-cal modelling of the nonlinear conversion processes.In particular, broadband parametric downconversion has been investigated in 1D QPM lattices, through degenerate downconversion close to the point of zero group-velocity dispersion. Ultra-broadband optical parametric generation (OPG) of 185 THz bandwidth (at 10 dB), spanning more than one octave from 1.1 to 3.7 μm, has been achieved in periodically poled 1 mol% MgO-doped near-stoichiometric LiTaO3 (MgSLT) of 25 μm QPM period, pumped at 860 nm. Such broadband gain is of high interest for ultrashort optical pulse amplification, with applications in high harmonic generation, ultrafast spectroscopy and laser ablation. Furthermore, the det-rimental impact of parasitic upconversion, creating dips in the OPG spectrum, has been investigated. By altering the pump pulse duration, energy can be backconverted to create peaks at the involved OPG wavelengths, offering a possible tool to enhance broadband parametric gain spectra.The engineering of the angular properties of a parametric output benefits greatly from 2D QPM, which is investigated in this thesis by the specific example of hexagonally poled MgSLT. It is demonstrated how two OPG processes, supported by a single 2D QPM device, can exhibit angularly and spectrally degenerate signals (idlers). This degeneracy results in a coherent coupling between the two OPG pro-cesses and a spectrally degenerate twin-beam output in the mid-IR (near IR). 2D QPM devices exhibiting such coherently coupled downconversion processes can find applications as compact sources of entangled photon-pairs. This thesis further illus-trates the design freedom of 2D QPM through the demonstration of a device support-ing multiple parametric processes, thus generating multiple beams from the mid-IR to the blue spectral regions.

QC 20131204

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Fragemann, Anna. "Optical parametric amplification with periodically poled KTiOPO4." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Physics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-531.

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This thesis explores the use of engineered nonlinear crystals from the KTiOPO4 (KTP) family as the gain material in optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs), with the aim to achieve more knowledge about the benefits and limitations of these devices. The work aims further at extending the possible applications of OPAs by constructing and investigating several efficient and well performing amplifiers.

An OPA consists of a strong pump source, which transfers its energy to a weak seed beam while propagating through a nonlinear crystal. The crystals employed in this work are members of the KTP family, which are attractive due to their large nonlinear coefficients, high resistance to damage and wide transparency range. The flexibility of OPAs with respect to different wavelength regions and pulse regimes was examined by employing various dissimilar seed and pump sources.

The possibility to adapt an OPA to a specific pump and seed wavelength and achieve efficient energy conversion between the beams, originates from quasi-phasematching, which is achieved in periodically poled (PP) nonlinear crystals. Quasi-phasematched samples can be obtained by changing the position of certain atoms in a ferroelectric crystal and thereby reversing the spontaneous polarisation.

In this thesis several material properties of PP crystals from the KTP family were examined. The wavelength and temperature dispersion of the refractive index were determined for PP RbTiOPO4, which is essential for future use of this material. Another experiment helped to increase the insight into the volumes close to domain walls in PP crystals

Further, several OPAs were built and their ability to efficiently amplify the seed beam without changing its spectral or spatial properties was studied. Small signal gains of up to 55 dB and conversion efficiencies of more than 35 % were achieved for single pass arrangements employing 8 mm long PPKTP crystals. Apart from constructing three setups, which generated powerful nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond pulses, the possibility to amplify broadband signals was investigated. An increase of the OPA bandwidth by a factor of approximately three was achieved in a noncollinear configuration.

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Garcia, Patrícia Baldini de Medeiros. "Acessibilidade a hospitais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4364.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Developments in the health sector, especially those placed in public care are fundamental to the care of the entire population of a city and region. The location of health projects such as "Santa Casa" was made since many decades ago, or even the latest developments seem not to have been concerned with the accessibility of the population. Moreover, the travels generators poles, including the establishments of the health sector, cause significant impacts on its surroundings and also in the transport systems of the region they live. In general, the public hospitals, mainly in Brazil, aim to attend the portions of the population of low income families that use displacement on foot, by car or public transport. As a result, this study aimed to perform an analysis of levels of accessibility to hospitals such as "Santa Casa", considering mainly the population groups that most need the public health. The proposed method is based on an indicator (time) to measure accessibility to hospitals by different ways: on foot, by car and public transport, making use of geographic information systems. IBGE data were used to estimate the income levels of traffic areas. A survey with users from hospitals located in the cities of Rio Claro and São Carlos was performed to characterize the source and location of the travel. Using the data obtained in both case studies it was found that the population, in most cases, has used the car travel to hospitals. The accessibility by car was high, because even in distant neighborhoods, the travel time was at 15 minutes for both cities. In contrast, traveling on foot had low accessibility in relation to hospitals, mainly in the distant neighborhoods. The analysis done for public transport accessibility shows the minimum value of 30 minutes to Rio Claro and 35 minutes to São Carlos. Analyzing data from the 2000 Census, it is evident that the population with lower monthly household income is concentrated in the suburb areas of the cities. Thus, the distances done every day by the citizens compromise the access to different services available in the cities, as the travel time, or the lack of public transport routes, or lack of conditions of using public transport.
Empreendimentos do setor de saúde, principalmente os inseridos na rede pública de atendimento, são fundamentais para o atendimento de toda a população de uma cidade e região. A localização dos empreendimentos de saúde do tipo Santa Casa , em geral, foi feita há muitas décadas, ou mesmo os empreendimentos mais recentes, parecem não ter tido a preocupação com a acessibilidade da população. Além disso, os polos geradores de viagens, dentre eles os estabelecimentos do setor de saúde, causam impactos significativos nos seus arredores e também nos sistemas de transporte da região em que estão inseridos. Os hospitais públicos, principalmente no Brasil, visam atender às parcelas da população de menor renda, que se utilizam de deslocamentos a pé, por automóvel ou por transporte coletivo público por ônibus. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise dos níveis de acessibilidade a hospitais do tipo Santa Casa , considerando, principalmente, as parcelas da população que mais necessitam do sistema público de saúde. O método proposto se baseou em um indicador (tempo) para se medir a acessibilidade aos hospitais pelos modos a pé, automóvel e transporte coletivo, fazendo-se uso de sistemas de informações geográficas. Dados do IBGE foram utilizados para a estimativa de níveis de rendimento de zonas de tráfego. Uma pesquisa com usuários dos hospitais localizados nas cidades de Rio Claro e São Carlos foi realizada para a caracterização e localização de origem das viagens. Através dos dados obtidos nestes os estudos de caso, verificou-se que a população, na maioria das vezes, utiliza o automóvel para realizar as viagens aos hospitais. A acessibilidade por automóvel obteve tempo de viagem de até 15 minutos, mesmo em bairros mais distantes, para as duas cidades. Em contrapartida, para as viagens a pé, o tempo de viagem médio foi de até 20 minutos em um raio de 1,5 km dos hospitais, para os estudos de caso. A análise feita para o transporte coletivo mostra o valor de tempo mínimo de 30 minutos para Rio Claro e de 35 minutos para São Carlos. Analisando-se os dados do Censo 2000, fica evidente que a população com menor rendimento médio mensal familiar se concentra nas regiões periféricas das cidades. Assim, as distâncias a serem vencidas diariamente pelos cidadãos comprometem o acesso aos diversos serviços disponíveis nas cidades, seja pelo tempo de viagem, ou pela falta de linhas de transporte público, ou de condições de se utilizar o transporte público.
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Voratovic, Dayen Chad. "Generation and Detection of Coherent Pulse Trains in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Through Optical Parametric Amplification." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1324406162.

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Khademian, Ali. "Highly Efficient Single Frequency Blue Laser Generation by Second Harmonic Generation of Infrared Lasers Using Quasi Phase Matching in Periodically Poled Ferroelectric Crystals." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799538/.

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Performance and reliability of solid state laser diodes in the IR region exceeds those in the visible and UV part of the light spectrum. Single frequency visible and UV laser diodes with higher than 500 mW power are not available commercially. However we successfully stabilized a multi-longitudinal mode IR laser to 860 mW single frequency. This means high efficiency harmonic generation using this laser can produce visible and UV laser light not available otherwise. In this study we examined three major leading nonlinear crystals: PPMgO:SLN, PPKTP and PPMgO:SLT to generate blue light by second harmonic generation. We achieved record high net conversion efficiencies 81.3% using PPMgO:SLT (~500 mW out), and 81.1% using PPKTP (~700 mW out). In both these cases an external resonance buildup cavity was used. We also studied a less complicated single pass waveguide configuration (guided waist size of ~ 5 um compared to ~60 um) to generate blue. With PPMgO:SLN we obtained net 40.4% and using PPKT net 6.8% (110mW and 10.1 mW respectively).
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Books on the topic "Generating poles"

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Pennsylvania. Governor's Drug Policy Council., ed. Alcohol, drugs, and Pennsylvania's youth: A generation at risk ; the 1993 survey. State College, Pa: Database, a division of Diagnostics Plus, 1993.

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Seppälä, Pekka. The changing generations: The devolution of land among the Babukusu in western Kenya. Helsinki: Suomen Antropologinen Seura, 1993.

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Otwinowska-Kasztelanic, Agnieszka. A study of the lexico-semantic and grammatical influence of English on the Polish of the younger generation of Poles (19-35 years of age). Warszawa: Dialog, 2000.

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Kelly, Michael J., Arthur Rose, and Adi Efal-Lautenschläger, eds. Journal of Badiou Studies 5. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0173.1.00.

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The fifth volume of the Journal of Badiou Studies, “Architheater,” energized by the publication of Badiou’s Rhapsodie pour le théâtre (2014), knits together distinguished approaches to artistic production engaging with the work of Alain Badiou: ‘Engaging’ here means articulated positions that include, imply, or criticize the Badiouiesque corpus. The issue does not therefore seek to implement Badiou’s philosophical insights in interpretations of art or of aesthetics, but rather to take Badiou’s philosophy as a center of convergence-nexus of a plethora of philosophical positions that include artistic production as a central element of their structure. Thematically, the volume limits its discussion to “a two” of architecture and theater, thinking their overlapping, juxtaposition, and respective generative capacities. JBS 5 suggests superimposing these two “media” and posing them at the center of the volume for several reasons: Politically, both theater and architecture actively engage in the life of the polis, they effectually and factually demand the participation of collective and material actors. Poietically, both media manifest a comprehensive form of artistic production, that is to say they both include elements and organs (actors, designers, lighting-specialists, engineers, planners, executives, actors, dancers, etc.) that are required as collaborators in the realization of the piece. The Architect, on the one hand, and the Theater maker, on the other, both produce what could be defined as a world, or, in Badiou’s terms, a formation of a subject
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Gratzer, Wolfgang. Is Listening to Music an Art in Itself—or Not? Edited by Christian Thorau and Hansjakob Ziemer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.013.22.

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This chapter discusses features of the extensively used attribution “art of listening” in contexts of therapy, partially New Age–like capacity building, sociology, and music. The second section comments on the relationship between music listening and music appreciation. The key assumption discussed is that understanding (described as a process of relating oneself to something or somebody) unfolds as activities that can be increased respectively between four poles: creating meaning, making music, generating emotion, and deepening reflection. Finally, the chapter returns to the question: Is listening to music an art—or not? Agreeing with Adam Heinrich Müller’s assumption that “the art of listening” stands for creating meaning autonomously, this question is answered in the affirmative.
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Generation Transformation?: Einstellungen Zu Freiheit und Gleichheit in Polen, Tschechien und Deutschland. VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften GmbH, 2011.

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Generation Transformation?: Einstellungen Zu Freiheit und Gleichheit in Polen, Tschechien und Deutschland. VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften GmbH, 2011.

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Sasabe, Hiroyuki, and Seizo Miyata. Poled Polymers and Their Applications to SHG and EO Devices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Sasabe, Hiroyuki, and Seizo Miyata. Poled Polymers and Their Applications to SHG and EO Devices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Sasabe, Hiroyuki, and Seizo Miyata. Poled Polymers and Their Applications to SHG and EO Devices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Generating poles"

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Pemantle, Robin. "Generating functions with high-order poles are nearly polynomial." In Mathematics and Computer Science, 305–21. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8405-1_26.

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Song, Fengyi, Jinhui Tang, Ming Yang, Weiling Cai, and Wanqi Yang. "Attributes Consistent Faces Generation Under Arbitrary Poses." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2018, 83–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20890-5_6.

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Konstantinou, Christos, Nikos Kampouroglou, Nikos Theodoris, Fotis Basamakis, Christos Gkournelos, and Sotiris Makris. "Leveraging Generative AI for Synthetic Data Generation: Improving 6-DOF Pose Estimation in Assembly Systems." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 71–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86489-6_8.

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Abstract In recent years, accurate 6-DOF (six degrees of freedom) pose estimation has emerged as a pivotal technology in manufacturing, enabling the precise localization and manipulation of objects in complex environments. The effectiveness of 6-DOF pose estimation algorithms critically depends on the availability of diverse, well-annotated datasets. However, obtaining and annotating such datasets present significant challenges due to their scarcity and the intensive labor required for accurate labeling. To address these issues, we propose an innovative approach that employs synthetic data generation, powered by generative artificial intelligence (AI) techniques specifically tailored for industrial applications. Our method enhances the synthetic data generation process by utilizing generative adversarial networks (GANs), which infuse the data with contextual details relevant to manufacturing environments. This process is further augmented by advanced rendering techniques and simulations that create realistic industrial scenes, complete with accurately annotated ground truth for 6-DOF poses. We validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed solution through its application in a real-world industrial use case, demonstrating its potential to substantially improve 6-DOF pose estimation in a manufacturing case, used for robotic picking of electronic parts.
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Fushishita, Naoya, Antonio Tejero-de-Pablos, Yusuke Mukuta, and Tatsuya Harada. "Long-Term Human Video Generation of Multiple Futures Using Poses." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020 Workshops, 596–612. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67070-2_36.

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Bhattacharjee, Avishek, Samik Banerjee, and Sukhendu Das. "PosIX-GAN: Generating Multiple Poses Using GAN for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 427–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11015-4_31.

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Tao, X. T., H. Ukuda, T. Watanabe, and S. Miyata. "Bulk Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation in Drawn and Poled Polymers." In Polymers and Other Advanced Materials, 493–501. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0502-4_49.

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Hou, Shuxiao, Mohamad Bdiwi, and Steffen Ihlenfeldt. "Framework for Automatically Generating Robot Programs of Multi-Heavy-Duty-Robot Systems." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2023, 123–32. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74010-7_11.

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Abstract In today's car body shop, the number of cases where multiple robots share workspaces is growing rapidly. This trend means more productivity—but it poses a challenge to program the increasingly complex robotic systems. We present a framework for automatically generating robot programs of multi-heavy-duty robot systems in car body manufacturing. The framework was verified in a simulation environment. The results show that the presented framework can reduce the programming effort and production cycle time.
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Otomo, A., G. I. Stegeman, W. Horsthuis, and G. Möhlmann. "Second Harmonic Generation by Counter-Directed Guided Waves in Poled Polymer Waveguides." In ACS Symposium Series, 469–83. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0601.ch034.

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Juwitasari, Reni. "To Move or Not to Move? Drought-Related Internal Migration and Voluntary Immobility Among the Hmong Forest Community in Chiang Rai, Northern Thailand." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 35–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3234-0_3.

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AbstractOver four decades, from the 1980s to the 2020s, Thailand has experienced a severe and prolonged drought, primarily attributed to the effects of climate change. Consequently, this drought has led to a significant and pervasive shortage of water resources across the country. Drought has substantial environmental, social, and economic ramifications on farmers, manifesting as diminished agricultural and forest productivity, depleted water reserves, heightened vulnerability to wildfires, and consequent losses in income, food security, well-being, and population displacement. The region of Northern Thailand has seen the emergence of drought as a distinct slow-onset calamity in the country. Chiang Rai is characterised by its extensive forested areas and agricultural landscapes, which provide residence for at least ten ethnic minority groups from neighbouring countries, including Hmong. The survival of these ethnic minority people is dependent on the agricultural production they rely upon. Therefore, climate change has emerged as a catalyst for forced migration. This study examines the social implications of climate-related drought in the Wiang Kaen district, which the Hmong ethnic group inhabits. The analysis focuses on three main areas: (1) the impact of drought on the community’s forced migration patterns; (2) the disparities in perceptions of human mobility between older and younger generations in response to the drought; and (3) the factors influencing well-being, such as food security and adaptive capacity, in the context of climate-related drought. The study reveals that climate-induced migration has become one of the climate change adaptation efforts, especially for economic reasons. The internal migration has patterned at the moving from rural to urban areas in joining the informal sector. Although this effort is positively adopted, the disparity in migration perspective is distinctly reflected between older and younger generations, with particular emphasis on food security and availability. Food sufficiency for the household is considered the benchmark of well-being for the Hmong elderly per se, while the younger generation weightens the currency for sustainable well-being. In addition to climate change adaptation, the older generation has demonstrated their ability to cope with climate-induced drought by using traditional or local knowledge in managing forests and agriculture, acknowledged as a kind of resilience rather than resorting to migration, while the younger generation chooses migration as an adaptation strategy. Therefore, this study acknowledges the significance of climate-induced human mobility as a pressing worldwide issue that poses climate change adaptation for sustainable development, although it has been differently perceived by different generations. Hence, the formulation of policies based on climate change adaptation and resilience by both generations is being undertaken.
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Praczyk, Małgorzata. "The Environmental Dimension of Migration: The Case of Poland After World War II." In Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 333–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_22.

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AbstractThe article deals with the environmental dimension of migrations. It takes as a case study the migration of Poles after 1945 that took place due to the post-war redrawing of political borders in Central Europe. Massive displacement of the populations, who were forced to leave towns and villages that they had inhabited for generations, resulted in disruptions of bonds with the natural environment and the domesticated landscape. The ways of dealing with this rupture and the ways of domesticating the new landscapes and natural environments are key problems discussed here. This analysis helps to better appreciate the environmental dimension of the 21st migrations we increasingly observe today.
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Conference papers on the topic "Generating poles"

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Franken, Cornelis A. A., Soumya S. Ghosh, Caique C. Rodrigues, Jiayu Yang, Chen J. Xin, Shengyuan Lu, Donald Witt, Graham I. Joe, Klaus J. Boller, and Marko Lončar. "Milliwatt-level UV generation using sidewall poled lithium niobate." In Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XXIV, edited by Jeffrey Moses, 15. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3043811.

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Canalias, Carlota, and Laura Barrett. "Periodically poled crystals with sub-µm periods: advances and future prospects." In Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XXIV, edited by Jeffrey Moses, 4. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3049163.

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Temel, Tugba, Subhasis Das, Robert T. Murray, Li Wang, Weidong Chen, Andre Schirrmacher, and Valentin Petrov. "Periodically-poled LiNbO3 non-resonant optical parametric oscillator with narrowband seeding." In Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XXIV, edited by Jeffrey Moses, 19. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3042762.

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Liu, T. S., and Y. C. Chung. "A Novel Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Scooters." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20480.

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The purpose of this study is to design brushless permanent magnet DC motors for electric vehicles based on a pole-changing method. By generating a pulse when changing the number of poles, magnetization of magnets can be changed appropriately and the principle of pole-changing motors can be applied to permanent magnet machines. This kind of machine not only retains the feature of permanent magnet machines in efficiency, but also acquires wide speed range. In this study, a pole-changing method using common windings is proposed and performance of brushless permanent magnet DC pole-changing motors is investigated. According to T-N curves, the proposed brushless permanent magnet pole-changing motor yields larger starting torque and wider speed range than motors with a fixed number of poles.
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Matsuoka, Taichi, Takuya Wada, and Mizuki Katakura. "Vibration Suppression of Traffic Signal Pole by Generating Electrical Power." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97351.

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The authors propose a damper that generates electrical power in order to not only suppress vibration and also get electrical energy when many traffic signal poles are oscillated by wind, traffic turbulence, and earthquake. The damper consists of a displacement magnifying mechanism by using levers, solenoid coils and rare-earth magnets. It is useful for small deformation between a beam and a column of the traffic pole. Vibration modes of the pole are analyzed by using FEM, and then a small scale model of the traffic pole is built up. The small scale model has 2.3 m high, consists of a steel column and a cantilever beam due to rescale about 1/3 of real scale one, and natural frequency is about 3.5 Hz. Trial damper is manufactured and a damping force, which is caused by the coils crossing magnetic field, is adjusted. Dynamic characteristics of the trial damper are measured by a shaking actuator. In order to confirm vibration reduction, both of seismic and harmonic vibration tests of small scale model when the trial damper is installed are carried out by using a shaking table. The experimental results of harmonic responses are compared with the calculated results by FEM, and effect of vibration suppression and efficiency of generating power are discussed experimentally and numerically.
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Kirillov, I. N., G. M. Aristarkhov, V. S. Medvedeva, and A. G. Shigontcev. "Microstrip Filters on Codirectional Hairpin Resonators with Split Working Attenuation Poles." In 2020 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf48371.2020.9078615.

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Sannikov, V. G., and V. P. Volchkov. "Noise Immunity of Optimum Finite Signal Transmission over a Linear Communications Channel with Multiple Poles." In 2018 Systems of Signal Synchronization, Generating and Processing in Telecommunications (SYNCHROINFO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/synchroinfo.2018.8456956.

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Lian, Kun, Min Zhang, Guoqiang Li, Su-Seng Pang, Zhong-Geng Ling, Chang-Geng Liu, and Samuel Ibekwe. "Microstructure Enhanced Heat Exchanger for Pressurized Water Reactor." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21447.

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The goal of this research is to enhance the heat exchanger efficiency of pressurized water reactor (PWR) by using LIGA or LIGA-like technique made microstructures. The heat transfer inside the boiler is a complex combination of different physical phenomena, which, besides the traditional convection, conduction, and radiation, includes liquid to vapor phase change, vapor nucleation and evolution, surface tension between the liquid and heating element, and so on. This paper presents the updated total heat transfer enhancement results of the boiling process by adding microstructures on the surface of the heating elements. Different types of microstructure configurations were tested. The power input, temperature of the heating element, and boiling phenomena were recorded. The behavior of increase in power versus rise in temperature of testing coupon is used to evaluate the heat transfer efficiency of the heating element. The steam generating efficiency at fixed input power and fixed temperature have been used to assess the performance of heating elements with different microstructure configurations. The preliminary results show that by simply adding micro-sized poles on the surface of the heating element, the power input can be increased almost 100% higher than that without poles on the surface at 360°C. The current results suggest that the main factors leading to the enhanced boiling process are the surface morphology and configuration of the microstructures. These provide enhanced vapor nucleation sites at heating surface, which result in a better vapor evolution processes, and yield a low superheat temperature. It ultimately results in a higher boiling heat transfer efficiency.
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Krishnan, Vivek, Michele Milano, and Kyle D. Squires. "A Controls-Based Methodology for Generating Turbulence in Direct and Large-Eddy Simulations of Wall-Bounded Flows." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37319.

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An integral control scheme is used to optimize a method for generating turbulent fluctuations for DNS and LES of wall-bounded flows. Similar to previous investigations, the method employs a series of control planes in which a body force is applied to the wall-normal momentum equation that amplifies and shapes velocity fluctuations seeded into the flow towards a target resolved shear-stress profile. The focus of the current work is on a methodology for specifying the controller gains and ensuring numerical stability without the introduction of criteria that override the control commands in order to prevent unphysical effects. The first method used to analyze the control process is based on identification of a linear model formed from the open-loop response of the shear stress to random inputs at the control planes. Optimal gains for the controller are specified based on the location of the poles of the linear model in the closed-loop configuration. The second method consists of measuring the response of the non-linear system to preset gain values and incrementally increasing the gains until the onset of numerical instabilities. The schemes have been tested using computations of turbulent channel flow at Reynolds numbers based on friction velocity and channel halfwidth of 400 and 5000. Simulation results obtained using both methods show that using the second approach the resolved shear stress reaches the target levels at the control planes, without ad hoc tuning of the control parameters. The predicted optimal gain values at the control planes are sensitive to the stirring force used to create fluctuations. In addition, the magnitude of the stirring force also affects rms values of the velocity fluctuations downstream of the control planes.
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Skaik, Rami, Leonardo Rossi, Tomaso Fontanini, and Andrea Prati. "MCGM: Mask Conditional Text-to-Imagegenerative Mode." In 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, 19–34. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.141802.

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Recent advancements in generative models have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, enabling the creation of highly-realistic and detailed images. In this study, we propose a novel Mask Conditional Text-to-Image Generative Model (MCGM) that leverages the power of conditional diffusion models to generate pictures with specific poses. Our model builds upon the success of the Break-a-scene [1] model in generating new scenes using a single image with multiple subjects and incorporates a mask embedding injection that allows the conditioning of the generation process. By introducing this additional level of control, MCGM offers a flexible and intuitive approach for generating specific poses for one or more subjects learned from a single image, empowering users to influence the output based on their requirements. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model in generating highquality images that meet predefined mask conditions and improving the current Break-ascene generative model.
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Reports on the topic "Generating poles"

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Bamford, Douglas J., David J. Cook, Scott J. Sharpe, Allen Tracy, and Camilo A. Lopez. Generation of Visible Radiation in Periodically Poled, Nearly-Stoichiometric Lithium Tantalate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444855.

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Allen, Luke, Robert Haehnel, and Yonghu Wenren. South Pole Station snowdrift model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44943.

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The elevated building at Scott-Amundsen South Pole Station was designed to mitigate the effects of windblown snow on it and the surrounding infrastructure. Because the elevation of the snow surface increases annually, the station is periodically lifted on its support columns to maintain its design height above the snow surface. To assist with planning these lifts, this effort developed a computational model to simulate snowdrift formation around the elevated building. The model uses computational fluid dynamics methods and synthetic wind record generation derived from statistical analysis of meteorological data. Simulations assessed the impact of several options for the lifting operation on drifts surrounding the elevated building. Simulation results indicate that raising the eastern-most building section (Pod A), or the entire station all at once, can reduce drift accumulation rates over the nearby arches structures. Long-term analyses, spanning 5–6 years, determine whether an equilibrium drift condition may be reached after a long period of undisturbed drift development. These simulations showed that after about 6 years, the rate of growth of the upwind drift slows, appearing to approach an equilibrium condition. However, the adjacent drifts were still increasing in depth at a roughly linear rate, indicating that equilibrium for those drifts was still several seasons away.
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Cambini, Carlo, Raffaele Congiu, Tooraj Jamasb, Manuel Llorca, and Golnoush Soroush. Energy Systems Integration: Implications for Public Policy. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/csei.pb.007.

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Energy Systems Integration (ESI) is an emerging paradigm and at the centre of the EU energy debate. ESI poses significant public policy implications, because, by identifying and exploiting the synergies within and between the sectors, ESI aims to increase flexibility in the energy system, maximize integration of renewable energy and distributed generation, and reduce environmental impact.
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Cocuzzi, Matthew D. Sub-Nanosecond Infrared Optical Parametric Pulse Generation in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Pumped by a Seeded Fiber Amplifier. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada479710.

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Leathers, Emily, Clayton Thurmer, and Kendall Niles. Encryption for edge computing applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48596.

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As smart sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) exponentially expand, there is an increased need for effective processing solutions for sensor node data located in the operational arena where it can be leveraged for immediate decision support. Current developments reveal that edge computing, where processing and storage are performed close to data generation locations, can meet this need (Ahmed and Ahmed 2016). Edge computing imparts greater flexibility than that experienced in cloud computing architectures (Khan et al. 2019). Despite these benefits, the literature highlights open security issues in edge computing, particularly in the realm of encryption. A prominent limitation of edge devices is the hardware’s ability to support the computational complexity of traditional encryption methodologies (Alwarafy et al. 2020). Furthermore, encryption on the edge poses challenges in key management, the process by which cryptographic keys are transferred and stored among devices (Zeyu et al. 2020). Though edge computing provides reduced latency in data processing, encryption mechanism utilization reintroduces delay and can hinder achieving real-time results (Yu et al. 2018). The IoT is composed of a wide range of devices with a diverse set of computational capabilities, rendering a homogeneous solution for encryption impractical (Dar et al. 2019). Edge devices are often deployed in operational locations that are vulnerable to physical tampering and attacks. Sensitive data may be compromised if not sufficiently encrypted or if keys are not managed properly. Furthermore, the distributed nature and quantity of edge devices create a vast attack surface that can be compromised in other ways (Xiao et al. 2019). Understanding established mechanisms and exploring emerging methodologies for encryption reveals potential solutions for developing a robust solution for edge computing applications. The purpose of this document is to detail the current research for encryption methods in the edge computing space and highlight the major challenges associated with executing successful encryption on the edge.
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Chiel, Elad, and Christopher J. Geden. Development of sustainable fly management tools in an era of global warming. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598161.bard.

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House flies (Muscadomestica) are global pests of animal agriculture, causing major annoyance, carrying pathogens among production facilities and humans and thus have profound impacts on animal comfort and productivity. Successful fly control requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes elements of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of house flies has become increasingly difficult due to the rapidity with which resistance develops, even to new active ingredients. Global climate change poses additional challenges, as the efficacy of natural enemies is uncertain under the higher temperatures that are predicted to become more commonplace in the future. The two major objectives of this research project were: 1) to develop a cost-effective autodissemination application method of Pyriproxifen (PPF), an insect growth regulator, for controlling house flies; 2) to study the effect of increasing temperatures on the interactions between house flies and their principal natural enemies. First, we collected several wild house fly populations in both countries and established that most of them are susceptible to PPF, although one population in each country showed initial signs of PPF-resistance. An important finding is that the efficacy of PPF is substantially reduced when applied in cows’ manure. We also found that PPF is compatible with several common species of parasitoids that attack the house fly, thus PPF can be used in IPM programs. Next, we tried to develop “baited stations” in which house flies will collect PPF on their bodies and then deliver and deposit it in their oviposition sites (= autodissemination). The concept showed potential in lab experiments and in outdoor cages trials, but under field conditions the station models we tested were not effective enough. We thus tested a somewhat different approach – to actively release a small proportion of PPF-treated flies. This approach showed positive results in laboratory experiments and awaits further field experiments. On the second topic, we performed two experimental sets: 1) we collected house flies and their parasitoids from hot temperature and mild temperature areas in both countries and, by measuring some fitness parameters we tested whether the ones collected from hot areas are better adapted to BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 2 of 16 heat. The results showed very little differences between the populations, both of flies and parasitoids. 2) A “fast evolution” experiment, in which we reared house flies for 20 generations under increasing temperatures. Also here, we found no evidence for heat adaptation. In summary, pyriproxyfen proved to be a highly effective insect growth regulator for house flies that is compatible with it’s natural enemies. Although our autodissemination stations yielded disappointing results, we documented the proportion of flies in a population that must be exposed to PPF to achieve effective fly control. Both the flies and their principal parasitoids show no evidence for local adaptation to high temperatures. This is an encouraging finding for biological control, as our hypothesis was that the fly would be adapting faster to high temperatures than the parasitoids. BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 3 of 16
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Steudlein, Armin, Besrat Alemu, T. Matthew Evans, Steven Kramer, Jonathan Stewart, Kristin Ulmer, and Katerina Ziotopoulou. PEER Workshop on Liquefaction Susceptibility. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/bpsk6314.

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Seismic ground failure potential from liquefaction is generally undertaken in three steps. First, a susceptibility evaluation determines if the soil in a particular layer is in a condition where liquefaction triggering could potentially occur. This is followed by a triggering evaluation to estimate the likelihood of triggering given anticipated seismic demands, environmental conditions pertaining to the soil layer (e.g., its depth relative to the ground water table), and the soil state. For soils where triggering can be anticipated, the final step involves assessments of the potential for ground failure and its impact on infrastructure systems. This workshop was dedicated to the first of these steps, which often plays a critical role in delineating risk for soil deposits with high fines contents and clay-silt-sand mixtures of negligible to moderate plasticity. The workshop was hosted at Oregon State University on September 8-9, 2022 and was attended by 49 participants from the research, practice, and regulatory communities. Through pre-workshop polls, extended abstracts, workshop presentations, and workshop breakout discussions, it was demonstrated that leaders in the liquefaction community do not share a common understanding of the term “susceptibility” as applied to liquefaction problems. The primary distinction between alternate views concerns whether environmental conditions and soil state provide relevant information for a susceptibility evaluation, or if susceptibility is a material characteristic. For example, a clean, dry, dense sand in a region of low seismicity is very unlikely to experience triggering of liquefaction and would be considered not susceptible by adherents of a definition that considers environmental conditions and state. The alternative, and recommended, definition focusing on material susceptibility would consider the material as susceptible and would defer consideration of saturation, state, and loading effects to a separate triggering analysis. This material susceptibility definition has the advantage of maintaining a high degree of independence between the parameters considered in the susceptibility and triggering phases of the ground failure analysis. There exist differences between current methods for assessing material susceptibility – the databases include varying amount of test data, the materials considered are distinct (from different regions) and have been tested using different procedures, and the models can be interpreted as providingdifferent outcomes in some cases. The workshop reached a clear consensus that new procedures are needed that are developed using a new research approach. The recommended approach involves assembling a database of information from sites for which in situ test data are available (borings with samples, CPTs), cyclic test data are available from high-quality specimens, and a range of index tests are available for important layers. It is not necessary that the sites have experienced earthquake shaking for which field performance is known, although such information is of interest where available. A considerable amount of data of this type are available from prior research studies and detailed geotechnical investigations for project sites by leading geotechnical consultants. Once assembled and made available, this data would allow for the development of models to predict the probability of material susceptibility given various independent variables (e.g., in-situ tests indices, laboratory index parameters) and the epistemic uncertainty of the predictions. Such studies should be conducted in an open, transparent manner utilizing a shared database, which is a hallmark of the Next Generation Liquefaction (NGL) project.
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The Experience of Latin America and the Caribbean in Urbanization: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007004.

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The developing region that has experienced one of the greatest urban growth in the world is Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). More than 80% of its population currently lives in cities and this figure is projected to reach 90% in 25 years. As part of this process, we can identify different urbanization trends across the region: slow growth rates of megacities due to lower levels of rural-urban migration and greater intra-city migration; high growth rates of mid-size cities; and urban footprints growing faster than populations. Therefore, this more contained growth in larger cities, the existence of a 'demographic bonus'in the next 30 years, and new poles of development in secondary cities offer new opportunities to grow in a more sustainable and equitable way while addressing existing challenges in cities. Rapid urban growth in the countries of LAC has posed a series of challenges that cities, especially intermediate cities, must address to ensure their sustainability in the coming years. Those challenges include limited mobility, poor urban planning, pollution, increased vulnerability to natural hazards, inequity, lack of compliance with labor and building regulations, unemployment, crime, and weak institutional and fiscal capacity, among others. These conditions undermine cities' sustainability and reduce the quality of life of their inhabitants. Given this context, the Bank has developed the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) as a particular approach to help mid-size cities understand their challenges and address them in a more integrated way based upon a model of efficiency in planning and the use of resources that prioritizes sustainability and a higher quality of life for all citizens. The ESCI's action-oriented methodology prioritizes projects in critical areas for sustainability, promoting a better quality of life by strengthening planning, incorporating climate change features, and ensuring citizenship engagement. From the ESCI's experience in more than 20 cities in LAC, important lessons have been learned: introducing adaptation and mitigation measures is an opportunity to address environmental issues and limit the impact of climate change; urban economic development should be based on dense, compact, efficient cities, with mixed land use, and concrete actions to generate productive employment; planning should be considered a basic tool for sustainable urban development and growth; and finally, fiscal capacity should be strengthened with greater access to financial resources and connectivity. Cities that cannot provide an adequate quality of live and preserve physical and environmental assets for future generations will not be competitive. These cities will have a tough time attracting investments and generating productive jobs. As a result of ESCI's learning process, we have realized that it is necessary to examine in a more direct and detailed manner the competitiveness of a city proposing concrete actions to increase investments and to generate productive employment. Involving civil society in city planning and engaging the private sector in urban infrastructure services are also key ingredients of a competitive and successful city. As part of the Bank's knowledge dissemination series, this document exhibits the Latin American and Caribbean experience in terms of urbanization, the identification of the challenges posed by this trend, the IDB's approach to promote the sustainability of LAC mid-size urban centers, the lessons learned from how those challenges are being solved, and their impact on medium-term sustainability of cities and their quality of life.
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