Books on the topic 'Generating poles'

The fifth volume of the Journal of Badiou Studies, “Architheater,” energized by the publication of Badiou’s Rhapsodie pour le théâtre (2014), knits together distinguished approaches to artistic production engaging with the work of Alain Badiou: ‘Engaging’ here means articulated positions that include, imply, or criticize the Badiouiesque corpus. The issue does not therefore seek to implement Badiou’s philosophical insights in interpretations of art or of aesthetics, but rather to take Badiou’s philosophy as a center of convergence-nexus of a plethora of philosophical positions that include artistic production as a central element of their structure. Thematically, the volume limits its discussion to “a two” of architecture and theater, thinking their overlapping, juxtaposition, and respective generative capacities. JBS 5 suggests superimposing these two “media” and posing them at the center of the volume for several reasons: Politically, both theater and architecture actively engage in the life of the polis, they effectually and factually demand the participation of collective and material actors. Poietically, both media manifest a comprehensive form of artistic production, that is to say they both include elements and organs (actors, designers, lighting-specialists, engineers, planners, executives, actors, dancers, etc.) that are required as collaborators in the realization of the piece. The Architect, on the one hand, and the Theater maker, on the other, both produce what could be defined as a world, or, in Badiou’s terms, a formation of a subject

This chapter discusses features of the extensively used attribution “art of listening” in contexts of therapy, partially New Age–like capacity building, sociology, and music. The second section comments on the relationship between music listening and music appreciation. The key assumption discussed is that understanding (described as a process of relating oneself to something or somebody) unfolds as activities that can be increased respectively between four poles: creating meaning, making music, generating emotion, and deepening reflection. Finally, the chapter returns to the question: Is listening to music an art—or not? Agreeing with Adam Heinrich Müller’s assumption that “the art of listening” stands for creating meaning autonomously, this question is answered in the affirmative.

Popular Hopi kachina dolls and awesome totem poles are but two of the aspects of the sophisticated, seldom-examined network of mythologies explored in this fascinating volume. This revealing work introduces readers to the mythologies of Native Americans from the United States to the Arctic Circle—a rich, complex, and diverse body of lore, which remains less widely known than mythologies of other peoples and places. In thematic chapters and encyclopedia-style entries,Handbook of Native American Mythologyexamines the characters and deities, rituals, sacred locations and objects, concepts, and stories that define and distinguish mythological cultures of various indigenous peoples. By tracing the traditions as far back as possible and following their evolution from generation to generation,Handbook of Native American Mythologyoffers a unique perspective on Native American history, culture, and values. It also shows how central these traditions are to contemporary Native American life, including the continuing struggle for land rights, economic parity, and repatriation of cultural property.

Although Jana Natya Manch’s working-class theater poses an ideological challenge to hegemonic creativity for neoliberal capitalism and Hindu nationalism, this chapter analyzes the historical, affective and political incitements and messy collaborations between ideological opposites. This middle-class troupe’s plays dedicated to working-class struggles confront the challenge and decimation of labor struggle through a life-long commitment to Marxian critique. Far from an ahistorical commitment, their ‘ideology for life’ responds to contemporary challenges, in part by memorializing the personal, subjective, and spatial deaths of ideal leaders and sites of worker struggle. Memorialization and nostalgia largely distances them from working-class lives, but it makes their politics and performance effective sites for contemporary constructions of progressive middle-classness in Delhi whilst generating an inadvertent embrace of creative economies discourse.

The generation of Americans who served in the armed forces during World War II helped give the Democratic Party its commanding lead in voter identifications for years to come. This insight comes from an analysis of polls conducted between 1937 and 1953, all but a few by the Gallup Organization. The effects of the Depression and the New Deal notwithstanding, World War II swung an even heavier proportion of young Americans to the Democratic Party and gave it a firm hold on that generation. This was true especially for those in uniform during that war. Their commander in chief, a Democrat, was immensely popular with the troops. In the election of 1944, FDR won their votes, wherever they could cast them, in a landslide. The return to civilian life did nothing to dull the wartime edge of the Democratic Party among World War II veterans. This is an unsung legacy of FDR’s popular appeal that endured long after his death.

A close analysis of Hesiod’s scheme of production indicates that he is pursuing “extensive surplus-generating agriculture.” Thus, Hesiod is indistinguishable on a rhythmic agricultural basis from the basilēes of the Homeric epics and of his own poems. Hesiod manages the labor of slaves and other dependent workers, and his interests are in opposition to those who provide labor and value to the production process. A second divide is discernible between the polis and its basilēes on the one side and on the other all those out in Ascra who are subject to both a market disadvantage and a judicial process that is being expanded by the urban basilēes. These simultaneous divisions contribute to the ambiguous picture of Hesiod as both large landowner/exploiter and peasant/exploited. Sympotic adaptations of Works and Days meant that ancient reception of the poem seems to have been restricted to the first picture only.

The Epilogue glosses political and artistic repercussions for Anna Sokolow during the mid-to-late Cold War era. Negotiating the twilight of the Old Left and the rise of the New Left after the 1962 founding of Students for a Democratic Society, Sokolow was caught between aesthetic changes from revolutionary modernism to Vietnam War–era postmodern impetuses. This was manifested most clearly in the upset surrounding Sokolow’s choreography for the musical Hair (1967). The Epilogue argues that Sokolow’s social–choreographic values continue to be passed down through new generations of dancers as they learn her repertory in times and places removed from the dances’ premieres, and in doing so the dances kinesthetically inform their dancers of their historical contexts within a new era. Finally, the Epilogue poses questions mediating the politics of dances’ residue.

Corpus Christi parades brought different groups together in medieval cities to venerate the eucharistic wafer, representing social order and membership in the body of Christ. When cities and trade recovered in the generations after the Black Death of the 1340s, the Eucharist became a source of contention, with reformers demanding that priests, cities, and merchant elites be held more accountable to Pauline ideals. Protest erupted in Florence as Medici bankers exploited Pauline ideals to manipulate kings, popes, and city government. Amsterdam’s ascendance as a hub of commerce in the sixteenth century depended on organizations of mutual trust rooted in Pauline ideals. London began its climb to overtake Amsterdam in commercial clout through the development of a nationwide system of law and taxation that coincided with new efforts to join commerce and Christianity.

This chapter draws attention to the ways in which a commitment to radical vulnerability can enable and enrich politically engaged alliance work, and the particular ways in which affect and trust empower translations across borders. It presents excerpts of letters, conversations, poems, and narratives from contexts that might seem disjointed and disparate on the surface but that tell stories—of encounters, events, and relationships—that have enabled the arguments made in the rest of this book. These fragments also point to the intense entanglements between autobiography and politics, and seek to initiate a discussion on feminist praxis that commits itself to learning and unlearning by inserting one's body—individually and collectively—into the process of knowledge making and the generative challenges that such insertion poses for imagining storytelling and engagement across socioeconomic, geographical, and institutional borders.

Emphasizing the advantages of working together and exploring the future of library services in an online, socially connected world, this exciting book shows how all public library professionals can take advantage of our strongest community and information tool the library catalogue. This book is a guide to the library catalogue that all public library professionals will find enlightening and useful. Its technical services perspective provides a different point of view as compared to traditional public library literature, which is often written by frontline professionals. For example, it poses and examines this thought-provoking question: should library catalogues be considered the primary gateway to the library's information, rather than the library website? Author and collection access librarian Laurel Tarulli examines next-generation or "social" catalogues, discussing the theories and concepts behind them, their impact on core library services, and their potential in shaping future libraries and library services. Geared toward frontline and backroom staff, this book helps readers understand next-generation catalogues and see the collaborative opportunities that are possible between the frontline and backroom. Written to be much more than a "one-time" read, this resource book provides practical ideas for beneficial collaboration and implementation of social features in library catalogues.

Writing the history of the first centuries of Islam poses thorny methodological problems, because our knowledge rests upon narrative sources produced later in Abbasid Iraq. The creation of an “official” version of the early Islamic past (i.e., a vulgate), composed contemporarily with the consolidation of Abbasid authority in the Middle East, was not the first attempt by Muslims to write about their origins. This Abbasid-era version succeeded when previous efforts vanished, or were reshaped, in rewritings and enshrined as the “official” version of Islamic sacred history. Attempts to impose different historical orthodoxies affected the making of this version, as history was rewritten with available materials, partly determined by earlier generations of Islamic historians. This essay intends to discuss a robust culture of historical writing in eighth-century Syria and to suggest approaches to access these now-lost historiographical layers torn between memory and oblivion, through Muslim and non-Muslim sources.

Montaigne’s name constitutes the memory of the author and incarnates the history of a family and its social ascent. The Eyquems passed from the rank of wealthy bourgeois to the status of “rustic gentlemen” in three generations. In his Essays, Montaigne preferred not to mention the diverse occupations of his forebears, favoring instead the noble lands of Montaigne and considering his castle to be the unique place of residence of his ancestors. “To live nobly” represents a leitmotif and a veritable social aspiration in the Essays. Familial history is most of the time left unmentioned in favor of daily preoccupations and, above all, a way of life regulated by nobility and the knightly spirit. Montaigne learned to use his book as proof of his nobility and to turn it into an object of memory. In the Essays, he poses the problem of his new proper name “Montaigne” in its relationship to reputation.

The comparative approach to the understanding of history is increasingly popular today. This study details the evolution of comparative history by examining the career of a pioneer in this area, Herbert E. Bolton, who popularized the notion that hemispheric history should be considered from pole to pole. Bolton traced the study of the history of the Americas back to 16th century European accounts of efforts to bring civilization to the New World, and he argued that only within this larger context could the histories of individual nations be understood. After American entry into the Spanish-American War in 1898, historians such as Bolton promoted the idea of comparative history, and it remains to this day a significant historiographical approach. Consideration of the history of the Americas as a whole dates back to 16th century European treatises on the New World. Chapter one of this study provides an overview of pre-Bolton formulations of such history. In chapter two one sees the forces that shaped Bolton's thinking and brought about the development of the concept. Chapters three and four focus upon the evolution of the approach through Bolton's history course at the University of California at Berkeley and the reception of the concept among Bolton's contemporaries. Unfortunately, Bolton never fully developed the theoretical side of his arguement; thus, chapter five chronicles the decline of his ideas after his death. The final chapter reveals the survival of the concept, which is now embraced by a new generation of historians who are largely unfamiliar with Bolton's instrumental role in the promotion of comparative history.

Tradition and Autonomy in Plato’s Euthyphro shows, through detailed commentary, that the purported opposition between tradition and autonomy is not a contradiction, but rather a necessary tension in human and political life. Norman J. Fischer II identifies the root of this tension and illuminates its various dimensions, giving an account of tradition and piety that does justice to the autonomy implicit in philosophical inquiry. This book demonstrates that the weakness in Euthyphro’s understanding of the relationship between generations is one of enmity and argues for a friendlier version of piety implicit in Socrates’ suggestions, actions, and arguments in the dialogue. Fischer argues that this version reveals an understanding of the human soul that both opposes that of Socrates’ accusers and sheds light upon the challenge that philosophy poses to the political community. In this reading, Plato’s Euthyphro is part of the defense of Socrates against the charges of impiety and corruption, one that puts into clearer relief both the common grounds of politics and philosophy and the tensions between political life and the life of the mind.

The chapter provides an overview of recent developments in the theology and ethics of marriage. It places the debates first in a sociocultural context of deinstitutionalization and individualization which has rendered marriage more optional and more fragile, but not weakened its symbolic meaning. It is then shown how the Christian churches have responded to the challenges of late modern society, in particular the Roman Catholic Church with its new emphasis on conjugal love at the Second Vatican Council. Three main strands have marked the theological and ethical discourse subsequently: a revisionist position which defends the subjective and interpersonal aspects of marriage, a traditionalist position which insists on a divine plan for marriage and a corresponding theology of the body, and the approach of a new generation of scholars who accuse the traditionalists of an abstract and idealistic description of the spousal relationship and criticize the revisionists for their narrow focus on private interiority. In a third and final section three major trends are explored and perspectives developed: first, possible arguments for commending marriage over alternative forms of living together are assessed; second, it is argued how heterosexual marriage can still be proclaimed as the ethical norm without discriminating against deviant forms of sexual expression; third, the tension between interpersonal and institutional approaches to marriage is explored and the search for a balance between both poles suggested as a future challenge for the theology of marriage.

Public opinion has long been associated with diplomacy. The earliest records of public involvement in diplomacy are available from the city-states of ancient Greece, where diplomats in the Greek city-states were chosen by public assemblies following thorough public deliberations. However, the growth of a sense of professional community among diplomats following the rise of foreign ministries led to a gradual structuring of the communication patterns. Most generally, a cleavage started to appear between modes of communication in relation to actors within the professional community and in relation to actors outside it. Within the diplomatic community, communication followed the rules, norms, and procedures of emerging diplomatic practice and ceremony. Outside the diplomatic community, the patterns that emerged can be conceptualized along two paths: (1) information gathering, and (2) informing the public at home and abroad about foreign policy. Modern professional diplomacy has been seeking to strike a balance between limiting public access to diplomatic processes and trying to communicate with the public with the aim of generating a public opinion favorable to government foreign policy. The current information-intensive global environment poses a challenge to foreign ministries’ institutionalized mode of limited public communication along two dimensions: the rising importance of so-called public diplomacy, and the increasing need for public legitimization of foreign policy decisions.

Understanding the complex set of processes collected under the heading of climate change represents a considerable scientific challenge. But it also raises important challenges for our best moral theories. For instance, in assessing the risks that climate change poses, we face profound questions about how to weigh the respective harms it may inflict on current and future generations, as well as on humans and other species. We also face difficult questions about how to act in conditions of uncertainty, in which at least some of the consequences of climate change—and of various human interventions to adapt to or mitigate it—are difficult to predict fully. Even if we agree that mitigating climate change is morally required, there is room for disagreement about the precise extent to which it ought to be mitigated (insofar as there is room for underlying disagreement about the level of temperature rises that are morally permissible). Finally, once we determine which actions to take to reduce or avoid climate change, we face the normative question of who ought to bear the costs of those actions, as well as the costs associated with any climate change that nevertheless comes to pass.

Despite an output of only 7 feature films in 20 years, Andrei Tarkovsky has had a profound influence on international cinema. Famous for their spiritual depth and incredible visual beauty, his films have gained cult status among cineastes and are often included in ranking polls and charts dedicated to the best movies ever made. Beginning with the late 1980s, Tarkovsky’s highly complex cinema has continuously attracted scholarly attention by generating countless hermeneutic challenges and possibilities for film critics. This book provides a fresh look at the director’s legacy, with critical essays by both world-famous and early-career film scholars. It consists of four parts covering biographical, aesthetic, and philosophical aspects of Tarkovsky’s work as well as tracing his influence on other filmmakers. Part one, entitled ‘Backgrounds’ (chapters one to three), discusses extra-cinematic factors that influenced Tarkovsky’s cinema, such as his biography and theoretical statements. Part two, entitled ‘Film Method’ (chapters four to eight), examines Tarkovsky’s cinematic techniques, including his treatment of film genre, documentary style, temporality, landscape, and sound. Part three, ‘Theoretical Approaches’ (chapters nine to thirteen), discusses Tarkovsky’s work in the contexts of psychoanalytical, philosophical, and other theoretical perspectives. The fourth and final part of this volume, ‘Legacy’ (chapters fourteen and fifteen), is dedicated to Tarkovsky’s longstanding influence on such prominent auteurs as Andrei Zvyagintsev and Lars von Trier, who are often hailed as the heirs of the Russian master.

Franklin Roosevelt’s popular appeal is traced to his actions as commander-in-chief, a shorthand for his handling of foreign policy. Norpoth has mined a treasure trove of polls conducted during the 1930’s and 1940’s that probed public opinion about Franklin Roosevelt, foreign and domestic politics, along with party loyalties and electoral choices. FDR won re-election to an unprecedented third term—and then a fourth—because of wartime conditions that highlighted his role as commander-in-chief. FDR’s fabled fireside chats about foreign perils paid off as the American people, in a historic opinion swing, abandoned isolationism and embraced FDR’s policies of aiding France and England in the war with Germany. When it came to his proposals for a massive buildup of the armed forces, the commander in chief was able to count on broad popular support. Those outlays also happened to accomplish what the New Deal had failed to do: vanquish the Depression. FDR’s foreign policy actions in 1940–1941 elevated him to a rare height of popularity. This happened months before the Pearl Harbor attack, which triggered a brief rally. Unlike the experience of nearly all of his successors, FDR’s approval remained unscathed by war and, in particular, the heavy human toll. And finally, it is as a popular commander-in-chief that FDR left behind a G.I generation of loyal Democrats in postwar America, giving that party a commanding role in American politics for decades to come.

This study examines issues of modern management and trends in its development. Its evolution from the end of the 19th century to the present is presented. The current state of management systems is analyzed, attention is paid to trends in the development of management science and practice, which have developed and are still being formed, as well as objective factors that affect the specified process. Globalization, as a phenomenon, is a complex and multifaceted process that affects various aspects of society, economy, and politics. In the context of business and management, globalization creates new opportunities for the development of international businesses, but at the same time poses challenges and threats associated with competition, cultural differences, and regulation. The main approaches to evaluating the business model of an enterprise are summarized. The principles of business model evaluation based on the principles of its innovativeness, adaptability and sustainability are defined. A system of evaluation methods and tools is formed, the conditions for their application, tasks and opportunities for making management decisions based on the evaluation are identified. A comparative assessment of the features of the formation of generations X, Y, Z, Alpha, events that formed these generations was carried out; their values, attitude to work, desire for feedback. It is noted that the theory of generations plays an important role in understanding these features and forming strategies for managing the development of human capital, since each generation has its own values, beliefs and approaches to work and learning. The issue of building an effective personnel motivation system at the enterprise is under consideration. The essence and advantages of implementing the policy of diversity and inclusion at modern enterprises are considered. It was emphasized that compliance with the policy of personnel diversity and inclusion of the workplace will allow attracting and retaining the necessary employees with high motivational readiness at the enterprise. The examines and analyzes contemporary challenges facing enterprises in a dynamic business environment, particularly in the context of the necessity for digital transformation and the formation of digital intelligence to ensure competitiveness. Proposed practical recommendations for organizations on the effective implementation of digital innovations in strategic management and achieving competitive advantage in a dynamic business environment. The study results of the influence of ESG and sustainability ratings on the multinational banks' war response strategies based on the Yale CELI database of companies leaving and staying in Russia are presented. It presents various aspects of sustainable development management in the context of modern management. The impact of globalization on the process of managing sustainable development and the role of public administration in this context are also considered. Additionally, the integration of sustainability concepts into local management practices and ethical aspects related to sustainability management are highlighted. Substantiates the importance of transition to an adaptive approach in the state regulation of investment activity and increase of the country's investment attractiveness in modern conditions. It has been established that adaptive regulation contributes to the achievement of stability and efficiency in the economic system, rapid response to external and internal challenges. The advisability of improving the methodologies of ESG rating providers is substantiated. The special importance of the leadership institute for the development of ecosocial management was revealed and, as a result, an analysis of the activities of the most successful innovative leaders of today was carried out, the result of which is the sustainable development and successful implementation of ecosocial management mechanisms at modern enterprises. It is established that today digital transformation is the use of digital technologies as a tool for reengineering business processes in higher education institutions. The main problematic aspects of the digitalization of education include the problem of adopting innovations, increasing the additional workload of teachers, shifting the vector of pedagogical work, and digital inequality. The challenges arising in the higher education system due to the development of artificial intelligence are identified in the results of scientific research. Artificial intelligence is revealed to be an important enabling mechanism for expanding teaching and learning opportunities, administering the educational process, and enhancing research potential. Higher education institutions can harness the transformative potential of artificial intelligence by using it responsibly and effectively. Based on a comprehensive analysis of real-life examples and research, the opportunities and challenges posed by MOOCs are discussed, as well as their implications for the future of quality provision in higher education.

Academic management and administrative processes rely heavily on technology in business offices, virtual laboratories, digital libraries, and the like. Technology also has an impact upon teaching, freeing classrooms from constraints of time and space. Yet many university leaders are hesitant to set technology as a priority. This book is designed to address the subject from a perspective appropriate to leaders. Academic management and administrative processes rely heavily on technology in business offices, virtual laboratories, digital libraries, and the like. Technology also has an impact upon teaching, freeing classrooms from constraints of time and space. Yet many university leaders are hesitant to set technology as a priority. This book is designed to address the subject from a perspective appropriate to leaders. An important concept covered here is that the new advances in information technology drive a significant restructuring of our social institutions, which will provide access to knowledge and education that was formerly restricted to the privileged. The generation raised with this technology demands new approaches to teaching and learning-this poses a unique challenge to traditional faculty members. The authors of this book believe It is our collective challenge as scholars, educators, and academic leaders to develop a strategic framework capable of understanding and shaping the impact that this extraordinary technology will have on our institutions. They believe that academic institutions will change in form and character, and that such changes will affect the mission, function, and possibly even the concept of the university. The role of leadership is to both see over the horizon and adapt leadership styles to an environment of constant change. Leadership must formulate a clear and consistent institutional vision.

The great majority of Americans—more than 80%—say they approve of gambling, even if they themselves don't gamble. Still, deep divisions persist in our attitudes toward the gambling industry. Is it profoundly destructive, preying on human weakness and stripping its victims of their sustenance and dignity? Or is it a vehicle of the American dream—an engine of personal enrichment, enormous public revenue, and economic development? The industry's explosive growth has sharpened the debate, radically altering the gambling landscape and dramatically raising the stakes involved. Author Richard A. McGowan, a respected authority on the public-policy aspects of gambling and other sin industries, reveals the new dynamics of gambling and frames the age-old ethical and practical questions it poses. Whether benefit or bane, gambling today permeates American culture in unprecedented ways. Its newest venues—Native American tribal casinos and the Internet—are drawing in new gamblers in vast numbers and generating spectacular profits. Social, legal, and political controversies inevitably have followed. How should public policymakers approach expanded gambling? As regulator of the gambling industry, government has always been the gatekeeper. Its role and responsibilities remain central to the gambling debate, even while it stands to reap huge windfalls from the very industry it is regulating. Meanwhile, Internet gambling, more or less regulated at home, has found willing government sponsors abroad—removing an ever-larger segment of the industry from U.S. government jurisdiction and recasting the gambling debate. Using this book, citizens can: Learn the ethical and rhetorical framework of the gambling debate. The terms of the arguments advanced by advocates and opponents help explain why the gambling industry has been tolerated or encouraged by public policymakers. Weigh the risks and rewards of government-sanctioned gambling through three actual case studies, from Missouri, Massachusetts, and the Chinese island of Macao—which in 2006 surpassed Las Vegas as the gambling capital of the world. Each situation highlights particular problems and opportunities, and each is presented with discussion questions. Take an informed position: Should sports gambling be legalized? Should U.S. restrictions on Internet gambling be loosened? Should government get out of the gambling business altogether? Find out more about the many facets of the gambling debate by using the study resources provided.

Knossos is one of the most important sites in the ancient Mediterranean. It remained amongst the largest settlements on the island of Crete from the Neolithic until the late Roman times, but aside from its size it held a place of particular significance in the mythological imagination of Greece and Rome as the seat of King Minos, the location of the Labyrinth and the home of the Minotaur. Sir Arthur Evans’ discovery of ‘the Palace of Minos’ has indelibly associated Knossos in the modern mind with the ‘lost’ civilisation of Bronze Age Crete. The allure of this ‘lost civilisation’, together with the considerable achievements of ‘Minoan’ artists and craftspeople, remain a major attraction both to scholars and to others outside the academic world as a bastion of a romantic approach to the past. In this volume, James Whitley provides an up-to-date guide to the site and its function from the Neolithic until the present day. This study includes a re-appraisal Bronze Age palatial society, as well as an exploration of the history of Knossos in the archaeological imagination. In doing so he takes a critical look at the guiding assumptions of Evans and others, reconstructing how and why the received view of this ancient settlement has evolved from the Iron Age up to the modern era. Knossos had a particular place in the mythological imagination of Greece and Rome as the seat of King Minos, the location of the Labyrinth and the home of the Minotaur. Through the investigations of Minos Kalokairinos, Sir Arthur Evans and others it is now indelibly associated in the modern mind with the lost civilisation of Bronze Age Crete. Evans’ discovery of ‘the Palace of Minos’ led to its association with the ‘lost race’ of theMinoans’ has profoundly affected the way in which Aegean Bronze Age archaeology has developed. This view however only relates to a relatively brief period of the site’s occupation For Knossos is one of the most important cities in the ancient Mediterranean. It remained amongst the largest settlements in the island of Crete from the Neolithic until the Late Roman times, for most of which time it seemed to have been some kind of self-governing political community. This book takes the story of Knossos from its origins in mythology through the discovery of its history through successive generations of antiquarians, travellers scholars, historians and archaeologists. It provides a period-by-period description of its development from its origins at the very beginning of the Neolithic through the glory days of the ‘palace’, its flourishing as an independent polis (or citizen-state) down to its abandonment in the early Middle Ages – and after.