Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Génération de maillage automatique'
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Bidal, Samuel. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle d'éléments anatomiques et génération automatique de maillage éléments finis optimisés." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545018.
Full textLaug, Patrick. "Contribution à la génération automatique de maillages de qualité pour la simulation numérique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012000.
Full textCe mémoire constitue une synthèse de mes contributions concernant la génération automatique de maillages respectant le mieux possible ces critères de qualité. Ces différents travaux de recherche ont été réalisés au sein du projet Gamma de l'INRIA.
Dans ce document, les thèmes suivants sont abordés successivement :
- la discrétisation de courbes du plan ou de l'espace 3D,
- le maillage de domaines plans de contours fixes ou variables,
- le maillage de surfaces gauches paramétrées ou discrètes.
Au cours de ces opérations de discrétisation et de maillage, la taille et la forme des éléments sont contrôlées par un champ de métriques traduisant des contraintes géométriques et/ou physiques. Les méthodes présentées ont toutes été validées sur de nombreux exemples académiques ou industriels, notamment en mécanique des solides et en mécanique des fluides.
Bozek, Sébastien. "Génération de maillage automatique pour la simulation tridimentionnelle de procédés de fabrication de circuits intégrés." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10057.
Full textRassineux, Alain. "Maillage automatique tridimensionnel par une méthode frontale pour la méthode des éléments finis." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10024.
Full textSaouab, Abdelghani. "Génération de maillages adaptatifs par une méthode variationnelle." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES013.
Full textBidal, Samuel. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle d'éléments anatomiques et génération automatique de maillages éléments finis optimisés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20673.
Full textThe aim of this work is to quickly generate good quality models of the human body. We created a method package which generates finite element meshes from pictures of serial slices (taken from anatomic slices, X-ray sanner or MRI). The mesh generation is divided into three main steps : contours detection, 3D reconstruction and meshing. Contour detection methods were chosen to be applicable on a wide range of pictures. 3D reconstruction and meshing methods are new and based on an octahedral lattice. They allow to generate quadrangular or hexahedral elements. The heads organs were chosen to validate the package. We studied other organs too but these work are just given here as examples
Conraud, Joël. "Génération de maillages de simplexes pour la modélisation d'objets naturels." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL058N.
Full textDuchaine, Florent. "Optimisation de forme multi-objectif sur machines parallèles avec méta-modèles et coupleurs : application aux chambres de combustion aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7706/1/duchaine.pdf.
Full textHarran-Klotz, Patricia. "Maillages auto-adaptatifs et approximation des systèmes hyperboliques séparables : application aux équations d'Euler tridimentionnelles." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ESAE0020.
Full textDuchaine, Florent. "Optimisation de Forme Multi-Objectif sur Machines Parallèles avecMéta-Modèles et Coupleurs. Application aux Chambres de Combustion Aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362811.
Full textLe but de ces travaux de thèse est de fournir une méthodologie basée sur des considérations issues de l'optimisation multi-objectif pour développer un outil de conception automatisé qui intègre des codes de simulation numérique pour évaluer les configurations. En premier lieu, les études concernent l'automatisation des procédures de simulation en insistant sur les aspects de génération automatique de maillage. Ensuite, le problème des temps de restitution liés à l'utilisation conjointe de techniques d'optimisation et de codes de calcul coûteux en ressources informatiques est adressé en proposant un algorithme basé sur des méta-modèles. L'outil final est construit à partir d'un coupleur de codes parallèles, lui conférant ainsi des caractéristiques intéressantes de performance et de flexibilité. Finalement, après divers tests de validation et d'évaluation, une application sur une chambre de combustion industrielle montre les capacités de la méthode à identifier des configurations prometteuses.
Duval, Benoît. "Optimisation de maillages non structurés dans des géométries déformables." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES022.
Full textBourgeois, Christian. "Approximation par préondelettes d'équations intégrales." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0d630fd4-aa50-46e0-b3e2-4dbbfd7042cc.
Full textStab, Olivier. "Maillage automatique tridimensionnel par operations booleennes." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0377.
Full textRicard, Ludovic. "Génération de modèles de réservoir sur maillage flexible." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112342.
Full textThe high level geostatistic description of the subsurface are often far too detailed for use in routine flow simulators. To make flow simulations tractable, the number of grid blocks has to be reduced: an approximation, still relevant with flow description, is necessary. In this work, we place the emphasis on the scaling procedure from the fine scale model to the multi-scale reservoir model. Two main problems appear: Near wells, faults and channels, the volume of flexible cells may be less than fine ones, so we need to solve a downscaling problem; Far from these regions, the volume of cells are bigger than fine ones so we need to solve an upscaling problem. In this work, research has been done on each of these three areas: downscaling, upscaling and fluid flow simulation. For each of these subjects, a review, some news improvements and comparative study are proposed. The proposed downscaling method is build to be compatible with existing data integration methods. The comparative study shows that empirical methods are not enough accurate to solve the problem. Concerning the upscaling step, the proposed approach is based on an existing method: the perturbed boundary conditions. An extension to unstructured mesh is developed for the inter-cell permeability tensor. The comparative study shows that numerical methods are not always as accurate as expected and the empirical model can be sufficient in lot of cases. A new approach to single-phase fluid flow simulation is developed. This approach can handle with full tensorial permeability fields with source or sink terms
ATANLEY, KOAM. "Maillage automatique pour pieces decoupees sur presse." Paris, ENSAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENAM0009.
Full textSchmitt, Maxime. "Génération automatique de codes adaptatifs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD029.
Full textIn this thesis we introduce a new application programming interface to help developers to optimize an application with approximate computing techniques. This interface is provided as a language extension to advise the compiler about the parts of the program that may be optimized with approximate computing and what can be done about them. The code transformations of the targeted regions are entirely handled by the compiler to produce an adaptive software. The produced adaptive application allocates more computing power to the locations where more precision is required, and may use approximations where the precision is secondary. We automate the discovery of the optimization parameters for the special class of stencil programs which are common in signal/image processing and numerical simulations. Finally, we explore the possibility of compressing the application data using the wavelet transform and we use information found in this basis to locate the areas where more precision may be needed
Thiéblin, Elodie. "Génération automatique d'alignements complexes d'ontologies." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30135.
Full textThe Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud is composed of data repositories. The data in the repositories are described by vocabularies also called ontologies. Each ontology has its own terminology and model. This leads to heterogeneity between them. To make the ontologies and the data they describe interoperable, ontology alignments establish correspondences, or links between their entities. There are many ontology matching systems which generate simple alignments, i.e., they link an entity to another. However, to overcome the ontology heterogeneity, more expressive correspondences are sometimes needed. Finding this kind of correspondence is a fastidious task that can be automated. In this thesis, an automatic complex matching approach based on a user's knowledge needs and common instances is proposed. The complex alignment field is still growing and little work address the evaluation of such alignments. To palliate this lack, we propose an automatic complex alignment evaluation system. This system is based on instances. A famous alignment evaluation dataset has been extended for this evaluation
Flandrin, Nicolas. "Génération de maillage hybride pour les simulateurs de réservoir pétrolier de nouvelle génération : extension 3D." Troyes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TROY0009.
Full textDuring the exploitation of an oil reservoir, it is important to predict the recovery of hydrocarbons and to optimize its production. A better comprehension of the physical phenomena requires to simulate 3D multiphase flows in increasingly complex geological structures. In this thesis, we are interested in this spatial discretization and we propose to extend in 3D the 2D hybrid model proposed by IFP in 1998 where the radial characteristics of the flows in the vicinity of wells are directly taken into account in the geometry. In these hybrid meshes, the wells and their drainage area are described by structured radial circular meshes and the reservoirs are represented by structured meshes that can be non uniform Cartesian or Corner Point Geometry grids. In order to generate a global conforming mesh, unstructured transition meshes based on power diagrams and satisfying finite volume properties are used to connect together the structured meshes. Two methods have been implemented to generate these transition meshes: a method using a Delaunay triangulation and another one using a frontal approach. In addition, some criteria are introduced to measure the quality or the transition meshes and optimization procedures are proposed to increase some of these criteria under finite volume properties constraints
Duchaine, François. "Génération de maillage structuré par krigeage avec raffinement elliptique local." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2004. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/700/1/DUCHAINE_Fran%C3%A7ois.pdf.
Full textEl, Amrani Younès. "Génération automatique d'interfaces pour langages fonctionnels." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2074.
Full textTachon, Thibaut. "Génération automatique de code parallèle isochrone." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3098.
Full textSince we are in an era of processor clock stagnation, computing power growth has been relying on parallel computing. More than the algorithmic difficulty involved in any program writing, parallel computing additionally requires the programmer to manage numerous processing units including their tasks and interactions. In order to alleviate the parallel programmer’s burden, this thesis proposes two different approaches for automatic parallel code generation. The bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) model provides good properties such as its cost model and is therefore chosen as the target of our parallel code generation.Automata and regular expressions are often chosen to model sequential computation and their parallelization will lead to a strong foundation for general parallel code generation. For our main approach, we develop the theory of BSP automata with their generation and determinization. This theory is used in a novel method for parallel regular expression matching.As another approach, we propose a domain specific language for programming neural nets where the functional composition of only a few primitives eases development, maintenance and formal definition of the language compared to existing approaches
Colin, Émilie. "Traitement automatique des langues et génération automatique d'exercices de grammaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0059.
Full textOur perspectives are educational, to create grammar exercises for French. Paraphrasing is an operation of reformulation. Our work tends to attest that sequence-to-sequence models are not simple repeaters but can learn syntax. First, by combining various models, we have shown that the representation of information in multiple forms (using formal data (RDF), coupled with text to extend or reduce it, or only text) allows us to exploit a corpus from different angles, increasing the diversity of outputs, exploiting the syntactic levers put in place. We also addressed a recurrent problem, that of data quality, and obtained paraphrases with a high syntactic adequacy (up to 98% coverage of the demand) and a very good linguistic level. We obtain up to 83.97 points of BLEU-4*, 78.41 more than our baseline average, without syntax leverage. This rate indicates a better control of the outputs, which are varied and of good quality in the absence of syntax leverage. Our idea was to be able to work from raw text : to produce a representation of its meaning. The transition to French text was also an imperative for us. Working from plain text, by automating the procedures, allowed us to create a corpus of more than 450,000 sentence/representation pairs, thanks to which we learned to generate massively correct texts (92% on qualitative validation). Anonymizing everything that is not functional contributed significantly to the quality of the results (68.31 of BLEU, i.e. +3.96 compared to the baseline, which was the generation of text from non-anonymized data). This second work can be applied the integration of a syntax lever guiding the outputs. What was our baseline at time 1 (generate without constraint) would then be combined with a constrained model. By applying an error search, this would allow the constitution of a silver base associating representations to texts. This base could then be multiplied by a reapplication of a generation under constraint, and thus achieve the applied objective of the thesis. The formal representation of information in a language-specific framework is a challenging task. This thesis offers some ideas on how to automate this operation. Moreover, we were only able to process relatively short sentences. The use of more recent neural modelswould likely improve the results. The use of appropriate output strokes would allow for extensive checks. *BLEU : quality of a text (scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), Papineni et al. (2002))
Zhao, Jiaxin. "Génération de maillage à partir d'images 3D en utilisant l'adaptation de maillage anisotrope et une équation de réinitialisation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM004/document.
Full textImaging techniques have well improved in the last decades. They may accurately provide numerical descriptions from 2D or 3D images, opening perspectives towards inner information, not seen otherwise, with applications in different fields, like medicine studies, material science or urban environments. In this work, a technique to build a numerical description under the mesh format has been implemented and used in numerical simulations when coupled to finite element solvers. Firstly, mathematical morphology techniques have been introduced to handle image information, providing the specific features of interest for the simulation. The immersed image method was then proposed to interpolate the image information on a mesh. Then, an iterative anisotropic mesh adaptation operator was developed to construct the optimal mesh, based on the estimated error concerning the image interpolation. The mesh is thus directly constructed from the image information. We have also proposed a new methodology to build a regularized phase function, corresponding to the objects we wish to distinguish from the image, using a redistancing method. Two main advantages of having such function are: the gradient of the regularized function performs better for mesh adaptation; the regularized function may be directly used for the finite element solver. Stabilized finite element flow and advection solvers were coupled to the constructed anisotropic mesh and the redistancing function, allowing its application to multiphase flow numerical simulations. All these developments have been extended in a massively parallel context. An important objective of this work is the simplification of the image based computations, through a modified way to segment the image and by coupling all to an automatic way to construct the mesh used in the finite element simulations
Saggion, Horacio. "Génération automatique de résumés par analyse sélective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/NQ55476.pdf.
Full textTerrillon, Guillaume. "Spécification et génération automatique de sites Internet." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4702.
Full textBagayogo, Aboubacar Sidiki Sambou. "Génération de maillage de peau pour géométries complexes par décomposition spatiale hiérarchique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60930.pdf.
Full textMartin, Kevin. "Génération automatique d'extensions de jeux d'instructions de processeurs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526133.
Full textPerez, Laura Haide. "Génération automatique de phrases pour l'apprentissage des langues." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0062/document.
Full textIn this work, we explore how Natural Language Generation (NLG) techniques can be used to address the task of (semi-)automatically generating language learning material and activities in Camputer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL). In particular, we show how a grammar-based Surface Realiser (SR) can be usefully exploited for the automatic creation of grammar exercises. Our surface realiser uses a wide-coverage reversible grammar namely SemTAG, which is a Feature-Based Tree Adjoining Grammar (FB-TAG) equipped with a unification-based compositional semantics. More precisely, the FB-TAG grammar integrates a flat and underspecified representation of First Order Logic (FOL) formulae. In the first part of the thesis, we study the task of surface realisation from flat semantic formulae and we propose an optimised FB-TAG-based realisation algorithm that supports the generation of longer sentences given a large scale grammar and lexicon. The approach followed to optimise TAG-based surface realisation from flat semantics draws on the fact that an FB-TAG can be translated into a Feature-Based Regular Tree Grammar (FB-RTG) describing its derivation trees. The derivation tree language of TAG constitutes a simpler language than the derived tree language, and thus, generation approaches based on derivation trees have been already proposed. Our approach departs from previous ones in that our FB-RTG encoding accounts for feature structures present in the original FB-TAG having thus important consequences regarding over-generation and preservation of the syntax-semantics interface. The concrete derivation tree generation algorithm that we propose is an Earley-style algorithm integrating a set of well-known optimisation techniques: tabulation, sharing-packing, and semantic-based indexing. In the second part of the thesis, we explore how our SemTAG-based surface realiser can be put to work for the (semi-)automatic generation of grammar exercises. Usually, teachers manually edit exercises and their solutions, and classify them according to the degree of dificulty or expected learner level. A strand of research in (Natural Language Processing (NLP) for CALL addresses the (semi-)automatic generation of exercises. Mostly, this work draws on texts extracted from the Web, use machine learning and text analysis techniques (e.g. parsing, POS tagging, etc.). These approaches expose the learner to sentences that have a potentially complex syntax and diverse vocabulary. In contrast, the approach we propose in this thesis addresses the (semi-)automatic generation of grammar exercises of the type found in grammar textbooks. In other words, it deals with the generation of exercises whose syntax and vocabulary are tailored to specific pedagogical goals and topics. Because the grammar-based generation approach associates natural language sentences with a rich linguistic description, it permits defining a syntactic and morpho-syntactic constraints specification language for the selection of stem sentences in compliance with a given pedagogical goal. Further, it allows for the post processing of the generated stem sentences to build grammar exercise items. We show how Fill-in-the-blank, Shuffle and Reformulation grammar exercises can be automatically produced. The approach has been integrated in the Interactive French Learning Game (I-FLEG) serious game for learning French and has been evaluated both based in the interactions with online players and in collaboration with a language teacher
Hankach, Pierre. "Génération automatique de textes par satisfaction de contraintes." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070027.
Full textWe address in this thesis the construction of a natural language generation System - computer software that transforms a formal representation of information into a text in natural language. In our approach, we define the generation problem as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). The implemented System ensures an integrated processing of generation operations as their different dependencies are taken into account and no priority is given to any type of operation over the others. In order to define the constraint satisfaction problem, we represent the construction operations of a text by decision variables. Individual operations that implement the same type of minimal expressions in the text form a generation task. We classify decision variables according to the type of operations they represent (e. G. Content selection variables, document structuring variables. . . ). The linguistic rules that govern the operations are represented as constraints on the variables. A constraint can be defined over variables of the same type or different types, capturing the dependency between the corresponding operations. The production of a text consists of resolving the global System of constraints, that is finding an evaluation of the variables that satisfies all the constraints. As part of the grammar of constraints for generation, we particularly formulate the constraints that govern document structuring operations. We model by constraints the rhetorical structure of SORT in order to yield coherent texts as the generator's output. Beforehand, in order to increase the generation capacities of our System, we extend the rhetorical structure to cover texts in the non-canonical order. Furthermore, in addition to defining these coherence constraints, we formulate a set of constraints that enables controlling the form of the macrostructure by communicative goals. Finally, we propose a solution to the problem of computational complexity of generating large texts. This solution is based on the generation of a text by groups of clauses. The problem of generating a text is therefore divided into many problems of reduced complexity, where each of them is concerned with generating a part of the text. These parts are of limited size so the associated complexity to their generation remains reasonable. The proposed partitioning of generation is motivated by linguistic considerations
Osselin, Jean-François. "Génération automatique d'armures de grand rapport. Algorithme génétique." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0668.
Full textMartin, Kévin. "Génération automatique d'extensions de jeux d'instructions de processeurs." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526133.
Full textASIPs (/Application Specific Instruction set Processors/) are custom processors that offer a good trade-off between performance and flexibility. A common processor customization approach is to augment its standard instruction set with application-specific instructions that are implemented on specifically designed hardware extensions (reconfigurable cells). These extensions are often directly connected to the processor's data-path. The design of the ASIP processor must rely on dedicated methodologies and software tools that manage both the design constraints and the growing complexity of applications. In this context, the aims of this thesis were to propose a new methodology for the automatic generation of instruction-set extensions. In the first step of our proposed design flow, we generate the instruction candidates that satisfy some architectural and technological constraints. In the second step, we identify the set of standard and customized instructions that minimizes the sequential application's execution time. In the next step, optimized hardware extensions and the corresponding application program including new instructions are generated. During the hardware generation, the optimizations of the hardware resources such as registers and multiplexers are simultaneously carried out. In our proposed design flow we used the constraint-based approach to solve the computationally complex problems of instruction identification, instruction selection and register allocation
Garcia, Michel. "Generation automatique de maillage appliquee aux domaines complexe du sous-sol." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0407.
Full textMognol, Pascal. "Contribution à la génération automatique de gammes en tournage : génération dirigée par évaluation progressive." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0019.
Full textMouton, Thibaud. "Génération et optimisation de maillage hybride tridimensionnel pour la simulation des réservoirs pétroliers." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0034.
Full textAs part of flow simulations in porous medias, whose the exploitation of an oil reservoir especially depends on, using a suitable mesh to model the geological structures is essential. The underground complexity and the need to follow the preferential directions of the flow in the vicinity of the wells induce several geometrical constraints that need to be taken into account by an efficient mesh generation soft-ware of geological structures. In this perspective, an original hybrid approach has been pro-posed which combines different kinds of mesh, has been developped, first in 2D and then in 3D for simple cases. This mesh is composed of an hexahedral structured mesh which models the oil reservoir, a radial mesh around the well and an unstructured polyhedral mesh which provides the transition between both structured meshes. The work done during this PhD consists in a generalization of the methodology developed in 3D in order to be able to generate hybrid meshes inside oil reservoir grids with more complicated structures. Indeed, the mesh generation providing the transition needs geometrical constraints to be fulfilled, that are not found when the underground structure is too complicated, or if the oil reservoir grid has been generated following physical properties. Thus, a new methodology allowing the geo-metrical constraints to be fulfilled has been proposed. Techniques intended to optimize the mesh have been also developed in order to correct the defaults of the mesh caused by the first methodology so that it finally satisfies the finite volume simulation requirements
Chipot, Yveline. "Génération et modification de surfaces triangulées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL063N.
Full textLagüe, Jean-François. "Optimisation de maillage basée sur une erreur locale d'interpolation." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066373.
Full textChaisemartin, Philippe. "Contribution à la génération automatique de plans de masse." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00322531.
Full textRebaa, El-Hadi. "Génération automatique et optimisation de systèmes à inférence floue." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002111060204611&vid=upec.
Full textFuzzy inference system (FIS) synthesis for identification and control of MIMO systems represents a non trivial research problematic which requires a knowledge base generation methodology. The aim of this thesis is to propose a new algorithmic for automatic induction of MIMO fuzzy controllers. For this purpose, a neuro-fuzzy hybrid model is used to model the FIS, due to its structure unicity. The proposed approach includes two main steps. The first one concerns the model parameters identification using a back-propagation method. The second one consists of an optimization of the FIS structure based on a new classification algorithmic. A new formulation of the FCM (Fuzzy C-Means) clustering method, tacking into account a new constraint based on a fuzzy sets inclusion index from similarity point of view, is proposed. This approach has been validated on two applications. The first one concerns the dynamic control of a 2-DOF serial robot and the second one, the free space non-linear efforts identification of a C5 parallel robot. The obtained performances show a good approximation accuracy of a non-linear MIMO system. Moreover, this approach has allowed the reduction of the generated fuzzy rules number with a factor of 10, compared to the FCM approach using a grids partition
Ciguene, Richardson. "Génération automatique de sujets d'évaluation individuels en contexte universitaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0046.
Full textThis PhD work focuses on the evaluation of learning and especially the automatic generation of evaluation topics in universities. We rely on a base of source questions to create topic questions through algorithms that are able to construct differentiated assessment tests. This research has made it possible to develop a metric that measures this differentiation and to propose algorithms aimed at maximizing total differentiation on test collections, while minimizing the number of necessary patterns. The average performance of the latter depends on the number of patterns available in the source database (compared to the number of items desired in the tests), and the size of the generated collections. We focused on the possible differentiation in very small collections of subjects, and proposes methodological tracks to optimize the distribution of these differentiated subjects to cohorts of students respecting the constraints of the teacher. The rest of this work will eventually take into account the level of difficulty of a test as a new constraint, relying in part on the statistical and semantic data collected after each test. The goal is to be able to maximize the differentiation by keeping the equity between the Tests of a Collection, for an optimized distribution during the Events
Assia, Soukane. "Génération automatique des requêtes de médiation dans un environnement hétérogène." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00324482.
Full textFace a cette problématique, nous proposons dans cette thèse pour le contexte relationnel, une approche de génération automatique de requêtes de médiation. A partir de la description d'un ensemble de sources de données distribuées et hétérogènes et de méta-données, notre algorithme produit un ensemble de requêtes de médiation possibles. Nous avons développé un outil qui permet de générer automatiquement des requêtes de médiation dans un environnement hétérogène. Notre objectif principal étant de fournir à l'utilisateur un outil adapté aux petits et grands systèmes, nous avons réalisé une série de tests d'évaluation des performances pour mesurer son passage à l'échelle. Ces tests montrent la faisabilité de notre approche.
Mendoza, Chavez Gustavo. "Approche semi-automatique de génération de modèles bielles-et-tirants." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1030/document.
Full textWithin the field of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures and more specifically, at the design of non-flexural elements such as corbels, nibs, and deep beams, the rational procedure of conception and justification referred as Strut-and-Tie Method (STM) has shown some advantages over classical algorithms of reinforcement computation based on FE analysis (eg. Wood-Armer or Capra-Maury).The STM remains a suitable alternative for the design of concrete structures presenting either elastic or plastic behaviour whose application framework is well defined in concrete structures’ design codes like the EuroCodes and the AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.Nevertheless, this method has the main inconvenient of requiring a high amount of resources investment in terms of highly experienced personal or in terms of computational capacity for, respectively, its manual application or an automatic approach through topology optimisation.The document proposes a light alternative, in terms of required iterations, to the automation of the STM, which starts from the statement that the resultant struts and ties of a suitable ST model can be distributed according to the direction of the principal stresses, $sigma_{III}$ and $sigma_{I}$ , obtained from a planar or a three-dimensional FE model
Tka, Mouna. "Génération automatique de test pour les contrôleurs logiques programmables synchrones." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM020/document.
Full textThis thesis work done in the context of the FUI project Minalogic Bluesky, concerns the automated functional testing of a particular class of programmable logic controllers (em4) produced by InnoVista Sensors. These are synchronous systems that are programmed by means of an integrated development environment (IDE). People who use and program these controllers are not necessarily expert programmers. The development of software applications should be as result simple and intuitive. This should also be the case for testing. Although applications defined by these users need not be very critical, it is important to test them adequately and effectively. A simulator included in the IDE allows programmers to test their programs in a way that remains informal and interactive by manually entering test data.Based on previous research in the area of synchronous test programs, we propose a new test specification language, called SPTL (Synchronous Testing Programs Language) which makes possible to simply express test scenarios that can be executed on the fly to automatically generate test input sequences. It also allows describing the environment in which the system evolves to put conditions on inputs to arrive to realistic test data and limit unnecessary ones. SPTL facilitates this testing task by introducing concepts such as user profiles, groups and categories. We have designed and developed a prototype named "Testium", which translates a SPTL program to a set of constraints used by a Prolog solver that randomly selects the test inputs. So, generating test data is based on constraint logic programming techniques.To assess this, we experimented this method on realistic and typical examples of em4 applications. Although SPTL was evaluated on EM4, its use can be envisaged for the validation of other types of synchronous controllers or systems
Soukane, Assia. "Génération automatique des requêtes de médiation dans un environnement hétérogène." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0038.
Full textNowadays, mediation systems are widely used. However, their implementation raises several problems, especially, the definition of queries when there is a high number of sources, and a great amount of meta data. Furthermore, the problem is particularly important when sources are heterogeneous. We propose in this thesis an approach to automatically generate the mediation queries, in a relational context. Our algorithm produce candidate set of queries since heterogeneous and distributed sources. We develop a tool to automatically generate mediation queries in the heterogeneous context. Our principal goal is to provide an appropriate tool for different sizes of systems; we achieve tests series to perform scalability
Soguet, David. "Génération automatique d'algorithmes linéairesDécomposition de graphes, logique, stratégies de capture." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112067.
Full textIn both parts of this thesis, we use automata to solve in a decentralised manner some graphs problems, i. E. The automata do not have a global vision of the graph in which they move, and each automaton makes local decisions using the information available on the node on which it stands. We study the impact of this information on the number of automata or the memory (state, whiteboard) that are necessary for the resolution of the problem. In the first part, we consider some methods of generation of linear algorithms that have been proposed in the literature to solve the problems expressed in monadic second order logic on graphs of bounded treewidth or of bounded cliquewidth. Although the generated algorithms are linear, the multiplicative constant of these algorithms can be very large, making them difficult to use. We have nevertheless implemented a method of generation based on the automata, and we have proved that, for a certain number of properties, the algorithms obtained are usable in practice. In the second part, we consider the problem of distributed graph searching. In a given graph, the goal is that a team, using a minimum number of searchers who calculate their own strategy, capture a fugitive arbitrarily fast and invisible. We study the compromise between the number of searchers and the quantity of information to provide on the environment to capture the fugitive
Lazzari, Cristiano. "Génération Automatique de circuits durcis aux rayonnements au niveau transistor." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0170.
Full textDeep submicron technologies have increased the challenges in circuit designs due to geometry shrinking, power supply reduction, frequency increasing and high logic density. One of the goals of this thesis is to develop EDA tools able to cope with these DSM challenges. This thesis is divided in two major contributions. The first contribution is related to the development of a new methodology able to generate optimized circuits in respect to timing and power consumption. A new design flow is proposed in which the circuit is optimized at transistor level. The second contribution of this thesis is related with the development of techniques for radiation-hardened circuits. The Code Word State Preserving technique is used to apply timing redundancy into latches and flipflops. Further, a new transistor sizing methodology for Single Event Transient attenuation is proposed. The sizing method is based on an analytic model. The model considers independently pull-up and pull-down blocks
Spadoni, Michel. "Etude d'un système de génération automatique de gammes de fabrication." Metz, 1987. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1987/Spadoni.Michel.SMZ8701.pdf.
Full textOur study mainly concerns the definition of structure of process-planning knowledge and their use by an expert system SAGGA. The different process-planning belonging to such family are you represented by an oriented graph where the nodes are the operations and the branches the geometrical conditions and technical conditions to perform these operations. This graph defines manufacturing process model for the product family. On mathematical point of view, this model is described according to a particular Petri network are the stages and the manufacturing conditions some transitions. The properties of this network called Grafcet which is used in sequential systems control. The graph representing the manufacturing model is defined by productions rules written in an internal language. The expert system then produces the process-planning corresponding to the new product, from part code number and additional information given by user. If the proposed process-planning is not satisfactory, the user may modify then using rules written in an internal language. These rules are then translated in internal language and upted the family knoledge base. Post processor completed the operations defined by the process-planning. It uses an iterative display with technological table and takes into account manufacturing constraints
He, Bing. "Génération automatique de logiciels d'aide à la communication pour handicapés." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10212.
Full textKedja, Boualem. "Contribution à la génération automatique des gammes d'usinage en tournage." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0089.
Full textPurpose of the presented work is to find a new automatic elaboration methodology of manufacturing ranges based on a totality of coherent concepts. This problem that concerns the integration to know-how be very complex and strongly coupled held account relative constraints to possible procedures and the diversity of resources. This implies the elaboration of an open system' so as to allow the well-off introduction of specific rules to a given environment. We have not sought to modelize the reasoning of the planner because for each agent corresponds a specific step. By situating at the endorsement of a volumetric modeler oriented object (feature), the researched coherence has been obtained in the framework of a systemic approach considering simultaneously product and specifications, process and methodologies , machines and kits. The generalization of the notion of entity to the different applications) the meter of resources, the introduction of balancing criteria allow the elaboration of an adaptable product to the industrial context diversity. The automatic generation system is realized around a specific inference engine so as to limit the combined explosion by associating several rules under an alone constraint of precedence
Bishani, Bassam. "Contribution à la génération automatique des gammes d'usinage en perçage." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0083.
Full textOur work is a contribution on the automatic generation of process planning studies, for prismatic machined parts. Realising of different types of holes is considered by using cutting tools (punching, laser, etc. . . ). The main objective has been to develop a specific methodology of operation for machining a different type of holes (smooth, multi-diameter,. . . ) by using a volumic solid modeler. After a bibliographic study on Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) which is the vital link between design and manufacturing. As a variant CAPP approach cannot cope with the desire for complete manufacturing automatic, the generative approach has been considered, this approach is the logical creation of a process planning from the information available in a manufacturing data base without intervention by the planner. An expert system that encodes machining practice is used to generate drilling sequence. We have established a knowledge-based representation in the form of production rules to define operations sequences and using machine and cutting tools correspond to surface type, dimension tolerance, and roughness. The optimisation of drilling process is studied in detail, where the optimisation signifies minimising the sum of machining travel and set-up times required to perform ail of drilling operations used for producing a different type of holes
Almeida, Barbosa Plínio. "Caractérisation et génération automatique de la structuration rythmique du français." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0119.
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