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Valtonen, Pasi Markus. "Slurring epithets and generic descriptivism : the meaning and the epistemology of ethnically derogatory terms." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/slurring-epithets-and-generic-descriptivism(8f415d27-b9e4-41d5-85cb-d8bb484afc91).html.
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Slurring epithets or slurs like 'Frog' and 'Boche' are derogative terms but it is unclear why they are derogatory. This work discusses several proposals to answer this question. One commonality with the discussed views is that they all hold that derogation has something to do with semantics, broadly with the meaning of slurs. I disagree with this. I go on to introduce generic descriptivism. It is a novel view to handle slurs and it has two distinctive features. First, generic descriptivism holds that the nature of derogation is epistemic. derogation is due to the information which slurs contain. This is specied with the notion of stereotype. I claim that negative and unwarranted stereotypes are responsible for derogation. This information is not semantic. That is, it is to be distinguished from the meaning of slurs. Secondly, the eponymous feature of generic descriptivism is that it holds that the information which slurs contain is generic. I argue that generic beliefs are produced with a psychological mechanism of generalisation. In relation to social kinds, the mechanism can produce xenophobic generalisations and the use of slurs display these negative beliefs. Derogation is due to this negative information which the slurs contain.
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Mattila, Heta, and Ida Teeriaho. "[Insert Your Logo Here] : A Comparative Study of the Television Spot and Product Placement in Terms of Attention, Control and Credibility in Finland." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8874.
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The aim of this thesis is to study how television spot and product placement compare in terms of gaining the target audience’s attention, having control over the marketing message and creating credibility for a product or a brand. The context of the study is Finnish television from advertisers’ point of view. Three major theories used are: AIDA, Generic Communications Process and Two-Step Communications. Twelve hypotheses are built based on the theories, the main hypothesis being: “Although a marketing message sent through product placement gains the target audience’s attention better and creates higher credibility for a product or a brand than a television spot, advertisers are keener on sending the marketing message through a television spot than through product placement because they have more control over the message in a television spot and because it historically has a more stable legal position.” Five experts on the field were interviewed to test the hypotheses. In general, the hypotheses were supported.
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Khalil, Sarah. "Skyddet av geografiska ursprungsbeteckningar : en immaterialrättslig figur sui generis." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2566.
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Geographical indications designate products which have a specific geographical origin, which can either be national, regional or local. The subject is complicated since geographical indications arises a large number of questions There are EC regulations which regulate the protection of geographical indications, but since the field has not yet been exhaustively harmonized, the existence of national rules of protection is therefore still possible, which can lead to trade barriers between the member states. Consequently, one problem consists in whether it may be legitimate to restrict the free movement of goods by article 28 in the EC Treaty by referring to national rules of protection and to what extent such measures may be justified by article 30 or by the Cassis doctrine. An additional question consists in how the line between geographical indications and generic terms is to be established appropriately. Further, geographical indications are exposed to improper use by other dishonest commercial operators and therefore the possibilities of protection against unfair competition and misleading are also discussed in the thesis. Since there are several questions which are unanswered regarding geographical indications, the purpose of this essay is to analyze what kind of intellectual property right geographical indications constitute and how they are protected.
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Nomoto, Hiroki. "A General Theory of Bare "Singular" Kind Terms." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/253424.
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Dayal's (2004) theory of kind terms accounts for the definiteness and number marking patterns in kind terms in many languages. Brazilian Portuguese has been claimed to be a counter-example to her theory as it seems to allow bare “singular” kind terms, which are predicted to be impossible according to her theory. However, the empirical status of the relevant data has not been clear so far. This paper presents a new data point from Singlish and confirms the existence of bare “singular” kind terms. A revised theory of kind terms is proposed that accounts for it. The proposed theory puts forth a number system with three basic categories, i.e. singular, plural and general. It is claimed that bare “singular” kind terms are in fact derived from general NPs, which are associated with number-neutral properties. The paper also discusses why bare “singular” kind terms are not perfectly acceptable in Brazilian Portuguese.
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Yi, Zhuobiao. "Identification of General Source Terms in Parabolic Equations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1036084593.
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Beniwal, Baldev K. "Genetic analysis of long-term selection experiments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13973.
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A long-term selection experiment with mice for 38 generations was analysed. Genetic parameters were estimated for lean mass, body weight, litter size and other associated traits using univariate and multivariate REML analyses with an animal model fitting litters as an additional random effect. Different combinations of selected and control lines were analysed. The change in genetic parameters during the course of selection and infinitesimal model assumptions were examined. Three replicates, each having high and low selected lines for lean mass at 10 weeks of age were maintained for 20 generations with unselected controls (P-Lines). This resulted in a divergence of 7 phenotypic standard deviation units (igmap) between the high and low lean mass lines. After 20 generations replicates were crossed and the selection criterion was changed to 10 week body weight (P6-Lines) without maintaining the controls. At generation 38 the selected lines diverged by 23.2g (8.7 igmap) for 10 week body weight. The estimates of heritability (h2) and c2 (common litter variance/phenotypic variance ratio) for lean mass were 0.5 and 0.2 from the univariate REML analyses of both control lines alone and of pooled data of control+ high+ low lines. Estimates of c2 were higher in the high lines and lower in the low lines, controls being intermediate. The estimates of genetic paramters for body weight were similar to the lean mass in the P-lines. Analysis of the selected lines indicated a steady decline in their additive genetic variance (va) during the course of selection for both lean mass and body weight, even though allowance was made in the infinitesimal model for reductions in Va due to inbreeding and linkage disequilibrium. The multivariate REML estimates of h2 and c2 for lean mass and body weight were similar to those from the univariate analyses. The genetic (rg) and phenotypic correlations (rp) between lean mass and body weight were very high (> 0.9) and positive. Lean mass also showed positive correlations (rg and rp) with gonadal fat pad weight, but when gonadal fat pad weight was expressed as a proportion of body weight it showed small negative correlations with lean mass.
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Jessen, Annette. "The presence and treatment of terms in general dictionaries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21992.pdf.
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Nicol, Elizabeth. "Long-term effects of oestrogenic effluent exposure on wild fish populations." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10826.
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Freshwater streams in the developed world are becoming increasingly dominated by treated wastewater. Continually discharged into most surface waters, these effluents contain a suite of bioactive man-made chemicals, including steroid and non-steroid oestrogens, which have been found to feminise male fish, skew sex ratios, and cause reproductive failure. However, the consequences of reproductive disruption remain poorly explored at the population level. This thesis was initiated to evaluate how oestrogenic contaminants might influence the population ecology of a common cyprinid, the roach (Rutilus rutilus). An investigation encompassing population structure, multigenerational exposure and the role of additional drivers of fish population dynamics was undertaken to contextualise the effects of oestrogenic effluents on wild fish populations. Population genetic analysis of UK roach found they exhibit moderately high levels of genetic diversity and significant intra-river genetic structure. Genetically differentiated local subpopulations indicate little interbreeding and limited gene flow, consistent with a typical metapopulation that has not been homogenised by restocking. Similarly, my thesis demonstrates no significant relationship between effluent exposure and Ne (effective population size) or genetic diversity of roach populations, albeit a 65% reduction in Ne is possible at highly polluted sites. River stretches contaminated with high levels of effluent can support breeding populations, which recruit successfully with minimal immigration from less contaminated sites. Multigenerational effects of effluent exposure on roach were also evaluated experimentally using reproductive success from breeding adults over three generations. Lifelong exposure to 100% treated effluent resulted in feminised phenotypes (ovarian cavities and intersex condition) in males but no observable effect on females. Additionally, despite gonadal disruption in males and effluent exposure of their mothers, I found no detrimental effect on their ability to compete with control fish. Instead, reproductive success was primarily determined by body size. A novel approach considering additional fish population drivers suggests that genetic diversity and species diversity decline in parallel with an increasing presence of disturbed land, when combined with geographical isolation. In conclusion, group assemblage and genetic structure of fish populations appears multi-causal and cannot be disaggregated, such that a single environmental characteristic can be shown to drive patterns of population success.
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Lin, Mingkuan. "Genetic association study of spatial working memory." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4591.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 120. Thesis director: Karl J. Fryxell. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bioinformatics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-119). Also issued in print.
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Carlisle, Stephen K. (Stephen Kernaghan) 1962, and Ernesto M. 1958 Hernandez. "Globally dispersed teams at General Motors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59543.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1999 [first author]; and, Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1999 [second author].Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-149).
A literature review was done to understand how different authors and researchers view collaboration and teamwork. In addition, interviews were conducted with a cross section of members of teams operating globally within General Motors. This thesis builds upon this research and expands on the effect and interplay of the many different variables present in all collaborative efforts. Special emphasis has been placed in understanding team dynamics for globally dispersed teams. Literature analysis and field interview data led us to develop a model of teamwork dynamics. The model contributed to the understanding of variables and feedback mechanisms affecting alignment, interaction and communication, trust, capability, and team results and efficiency. A survey was administered to partially test the model and to validate insights from interview sessions. From this work, we conclude that issues surrounding globally dispersed teams do not differ significantly from those inherent to co-located teams. However, some of these issues especially time, distance and diversity exert a stronger influence on dispersed teams and require different sorts of interventions to build and maintain effectiveness. As far as General Motors is concerned, we conclude that GM is doing the right things when it comes to assembling teams operating globally but the pace at which the entire organization is genuinely committing to change needs to be accelerated.
by Stephen K. Carlisle and Ernesto M. Hernandez.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Hudson, Paul E. "Defining the role of a genetic counselor within comprehensive care teams: perspectives of the provider team and patients." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523712470448464.
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Zaluski, Victoria Amy. "Metaphor-based Internet terms in English and in French." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4121.
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The objectives of this thesis are to analyze (1) how English metaphor-based terms in the Internet domain are formed, and (2) how such terms are being rendered into French. By metaphor-based term (MBT), we mean a term that has derived from a metaphor. MBTs are becoming increasingly frequent and important in computer-related domains. However, they have been rather neglected in the metaphor literature in general, and in the translation literature specifically. The thesis is an attempt to begin filling this gap. Our research involved analyzing MBTs found in English and French corpora pertaining to the Internet, an exceptionally rich source of MBTs. We began by reviewing the concept of metaphor and the various ways terms are created. Drawing partly on these observations, we proposed a general classification of English MBTs in the Internet domain. Next, we investigated the available literature on the translation of metaphor, and applied some of the deriving insights to an analysis of the MBTs in our French corpus. This analysis resulted in a categorization of the various strategies used for rendering English MBTs into French. Finally, we attempted to explain why certain English MBTs may be more easily rendered into French than others.
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Richards, Jonathan. "Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Host Resistance and Susceptibility to Pyrenophora Teres F. Teres in Hordeum vulgare." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25882.
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Pyrenophora teres f. teres, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen and causal agent of net form net blotch (NFNB), is an economically important pathogen of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and has potential to cause significant yield losses in barley production regions of the world. Host resistance is the most desirable means of disease management, yet the genetic nature of this pathosystem is exceedingly complex. With the goal of identifying novel sources of resistance to NFNB, a diverse population of barley accessions was utilized to conduct a genome wide association study which identified a total of 78 significant markers associated with disease reaction to three North American P. teres f. teres isolates, corresponding to 16 genomic loci. Five novel loci were detected and will be of importance for barley breeders for the improvement of elite barley lines. Dominant susceptibility harbored by barley cultivars Rika and Kombar to P. teres f. teres isolates 6A and 15A, respectively, were previously identified to exist in repulsion and mapped at low-resolution. Using 2976 recombinant gametes derived from a cross of Rika x Kombar and markers developed through mining of syntenous genes in Brachypodium distachyon, we mapped the Spt1 locus to ~0.24 cM near the centromere of chromosome 6H. Within the delimited Spt1 region, a receptor-like protein was identified as the primary candidate Spt1 gene designated Spt1.cg. Allele analysis of diverse barley lines exhibited a strong correlation with the presence of a Rika, Kombar, or Morex allele of Spt1.cg and susceptibility to P. teres f. teres isolates 6A, 15A, or Tra-A5/Tra-D10, respectively. Alleles of Spt1.cg appear highly diverged, stemming from selection pressures in wild barley populations and may be targeted by several unique necrotrophic effectors. The barley cultivar Morex rpr2 mutant, previously characterized to have lost Rpg1-mediated resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, also has compromised resistance to P. teres f. teres. Exome capture revealed a 12 base-pair deletion in a gene containing fibronectin and plant homeodomain domains with homology to Arabidopsis VIN3-like proteins. This gene may function in the perception of pathogen effector proteins, that disrupt cell wall integrity, eliciting early damage associated molecular pattern immunity responses.NSF ND EPSCoR Track 1 Grant 11A-1355466
USDA-NIFA-AFRI grant #2011-68002-30029 (T-CAP)
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Chao, Yang, and Peng Zhang. "One General Approach For Analysing Compositional Structure Of Terms In Biomedical Field." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Informationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20913.
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The root is the primary lexical unit of Ontological terms, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into small constituents. It is the key of ontological term structure. After the identification of root, we can easily get the meaning of terms. According to the meaning, it’s helpful to identify the other parts of terms, such as the relation, definition and so on. We have generated a general classification model to identify the roots of terms in this master thesis. There are four features defined in our classification model: the Token, the POS, the Length and the Position. Implementation is followed using Java and algorithm is followed using Naïve Bayes. We implemented and evaluated the classification model using Gene Ontology (GO). The evaluation results showed that our framework and model were effective.
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Standridge, Daniel C. "Terms for compatibility between man and women according to Genesis 2:18." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Tapadar, Pradip. "The impact of multifactorial genetic disorders on long-term insurance." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/54.
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Mbaga, Said Hemed. "Analysis and inferences from long-term quantitative genetic selection experiments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15305.
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This study was aimed at understanding the genetics of growth in mice lines divergently selected body weight for 50 generations and to investigate the linearity or non-linearity of offspring-parent regression obtained from unselected, random bred mice lines. A large body of data comprising 1090 offspring (family mean) - parent pairs was used to investigate the relationship between offspring and parents. Linear and polynomial models were fitted for the regression of 6-week body weight in offspring on one or both parents. Regression analysis of offspring mean on mid-parent showed that heritability of 6-week body weight was similar to the estimates from simultaneously regressing offspring on both parents provided that the records were standardised within parent-sex category. Regression of offspring family means (sons and daughters) on sire's weights were somewhat non-linear, while offspring-dam regressions were generally linear. Multivariate regression analyses combining both parents gave similar results compared to results of offspring-one parent regression. The second study used data from 30 generations of the P6-lines divergently selected (within family) for high and low 10-week body weight (generation 21-50). These lines were previously selected for 20 generations based on an index of lean mass (P-lines), and crossed to form the P6-lines. The mean divergence in 10-week body weight at generation 21 was 13.3 g increasing to 32.2g at generation 50. The overall divergence relative to the base population (i.e. the P-lines) was 6.3σp. The low line (L) appeared to plateau at generation 40 and the plateau was associated with reduction in selection differentials. When response was considered separately for each sex in the P6-lines, females of the high line (H) responded more to upward selection than in the males, while males responded more than females in the L line. Sexual dimorphism (ratio of male/female mean) was consistently higher in the L line. The genetic correlation between male and female 10-week body weight estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) was 0.84±0.03.
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Fu, Hee Chaung. "Effects of high construction loads on the short term and long term deflections of slabs." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4681.
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Rubio, Zoubair. "A commented terminology file of basic terms used in translation studies (English and French)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6739.
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Marklund, Åsa. "Translation of Technical terms : a study of translation strategies when translating terminology in the field of hydropower generation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13591.
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Abstract This study analyses the translation of a technical guidebook in the subject field of hydropower generation. The aim is to identify and apply functional translation theories when translating general technical terms, industry terms and contract terms. The theoretical basis for the study consists of Eugene Nida’s and Vinay & Darbelnet’s models for translation as well as theories on terminology by Rune Ingo and Therésa Cabré. During the translation process, technical terms were identified and subsequently translated using one or more of the theories described. The result was then analysed and discussed. Although the study is not comprehensive enough to draw significant conclusions, the result indicates that in order to render the best possible translation of technical terms, a combination of theories and methods are best applied; direct translation regarding systematized terminology similar to general technical terms and oblique translation, or dynamic equivalence, regarding industry terms and contract terms. The results further suggest that structural analysis is of great value in order to determine the correct level of the term. In addition, the translator’s experience and knowledge of the subject field as well as readiness to consult parallel texts seem to be vital to the outcome of the translation.
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coggins, bret l. "Genetic Variation in Long-Term and Short-Term Physiological Changes in Daphnia magna During Acclimation to High Temperature." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/318.
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The aquatic zooplankton crustacean Daphnia magna must be able to tolerate thermal stress in order to survive their native shallow ponds that are susceptible to drastic seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations as well as to globally increasing temperatures. Survival in such variable environments requires plastic responses that must include fundamental aspects of Daphnia biochemistry and physiology. Adaptive response to selection favoring such plastic phenotypes requires the presence of genetic variation for plastic response in natural populations. Adverse effects of elevated temperature on aquatic organisms are diverse and so are their plastic responses; among the most severe challenges aquatic organisms face when exposed to heat is the elevated oxidative stress. In this work we focused on short-term and long-term responses of Daphnia to temperature changes that increase its resistance to oxidative stress.
Daphnia acclimated to stressful but non-lethal temperature (28ºC) show longer survive during exposure to a lethal temperature (37ºC) than those acclimated to the optimal temperature (18ºC). Short-term reciprocal switches between 18ºC and 28ºC result in intermediate temperature tolerance. These changes are accompanied by mirroring changes in total antioxidant capacity indicating the increased antioxidant capacity as a possible causative mechanism for heat tolerance gained from acclimation.
The analysis of 6 geographically distinct genotypes representing a range of temperature tolerance levels shows a genetic difference in response to short-term and long-term acclimation as well as in the effect of antioxidant capacity on temperature tolerance. These results indicate a significant degree of local adaptation in heat and oxidative stress defenses in Daphnia and provide a better understanding of adaptive responses of this zooplankton crustacean to rising temperatures.
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Godlonton, Michael D. "Evaluating prevention strategies used by general practitioners in Grahamstown in terms of recommended guidelines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97241.
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Background: Increasing attention has been paid to preventative health over the past few decades. However because of constraints on consultation time and medical funds general practitioners (GPs) are often unsure which measures are appropriate and when to carry them out. They need to be well informed about the cost-effectiveness and evidence regarding each preventative measure to help their patients make informed choices about what needs to be done. Due to the large number of recommended screening measures general practitioners are often unsure which to prioritise and also forget to carry out all recommended measures. Recommendations for screening in South Africa and research into preventive strategies used by general practitioners are lacking. This research attempts to find out whether the prevention strategies used by general practitioners in private practice in Grahamstown follow recommended guidelines.
Methods: To obtain a broad understanding of prevention strategies used by general practitioners in Grahamstown, the following tracer conditions were selected for the study: screening for smoking, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, hyperlipidaemia, prostate cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Research on routine annual health checks was included as these are used by many GPs to screen for tracer conditions. The research was done in 2 parts: 1. Review of the literature to obtain evidence on the recommended prevention strategy for each of the selected tracer conditions and 2. Interviews with GPs to evaluate the prevention strategy they used for each tracer condition. The literature was reviewed for evidence on the following parameters for each tracer condition: burden of the disease prevented; cost-effectiveness of the screening measures; sensitivity and specificity of screening tests; whether the screening measure for and treatment of the tracer condition is acceptable to patients; appropriate duration between repeated screening tests and whether there is effective treatment for the tracer condition. Eleven general practitioners were interviewed on the prevention strategies they use for each of the selected tracer conditions. Transcriptions of the interviews were analysed qualitatively and qualitatively. The prevention strategies used by the general practitioners was then compared to recommended guidelines.
Results: Evidence from the literature regarding the burden of and optimal prevention strategy for each tracer condition is reported. Using this evidence an appropriate prevention strategy for each tracer condition is outlined. The prevention strategies used by the GPs for each tracer condition and the routine annual health check is reported from the analysis of the interviews. The results show a wide range of differing strategies used by the GPs, often not following recommendations from research.
Discussion: The prevention strategies used by general practitioners for each tracer condition is compared with the recommendations from the literature. Important differences between what are recommended and what general practitioners are doing is discussed. Some general practitioners are practicing largely curative medicine and are not adequately screening their patients. Others are over screening with too many unnecessary tests being done annually as a routine. The interviews reveal that generally GPs do not discuss the potential harms and limitations of screening tests with their patients; do not keep check lists for each patient and do not use registers or recall systems to ensure all screening is done.
Conclusion: General practitioners need to ensure their prevention strategies follow recommended guidelines. To do so they can use the routine annual health check or opportunistic case finding and prevention. They need to ensure that routine health checks are targeted to the individual patients’ health risks and avoid doing unnecessary tests. Check lists can help to ensure all screening is done on every patient. While registers and recall systems improve screening rates they are not always possible in busy general practices. Recommended prevention strategies for each of the tracer conditions are made.
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Rosvall, Ola. "Enhancing gain from long-term forest tree breeding while conserving genetic diversity /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5643-6.pdf.
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Ul-Hasan, Adnan [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Dengel. "Generic Text Recognition using Long Short-Term Memory Networks / Adnan Ul-Hasan. Betreuer: Andreas Dengel." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1096220938/34.
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O'Boyle, Patrick Daniel. "Genetic Characterization and Linkage Mapping of Barley Net Blotch Resistance Genes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27904.
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Net blotch is one of the most devastating diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and occurs in two distinct forms, net-type net blotch (NTNB) and spot-type net blotch (STNB), caused by the fungal pathogens Pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres Smedeg. and P. teres f. sp. maculata Smedeg., respectively. Several sources of resistance have been previously reported, however, few barley cultivars with high levels of resistance have been developed from these sources. Efficient utilization of available resistance sources is dependent upon successful characterization of genes governing resistance in each resistant parent. Five net blotch resistant parents and one susceptible parent were crossed to identify novel resistance genes, postulate gene number and mode of inheritance, and conduct linkage mapping of novel genes for net blotch resistance. Results indicate that the highly resistant spring barley lines CIho 2291 and CIho 5098, and the winter barley cultivar Nomini each have single dominant genes for NTNB resistance. Resistance to NTNB in CIho 5098 is controlled by the same dominant gene conferring resistance in Nomini. Resistance to NTNB in CIho 2291 is controlled by one dominant gene which putatively is the same gene conferring resistance in ND B112, but differs from the resistance genes carried by the other parents in this study. An F2 population of 238 individuals derived from a cross between Nomini and the susceptible parent â Hectorâ , and an F2 population of 193 individuals derived from a cross between CIho 2291 and Hector were used to map the genes governing NTNB resistance in Nomini and CIho 2291. The dominant gene governing resistance in Nomini, temporarily designated Rpt-Nomini, was mapped to a 9.2 cM region near the centromere of barley chromosome 6H between the flanking microsatellite markers Bmag0344a (r2=0.70) and Bmag0103a (r2=0.90), which were 6.8 cM and 2.4 cM away from Rpt-Nomini, respectively. The dominant gene governing resistance in CIho 2291, temporarily designated Rpt-CIho2291, was mapped to the distal region of barley chromosome 6H between the flanking microsatellite markers Bmag0173 (r2=0.65) and Bmag0500 (r2=0.26), which were 9.9 cM and 24.4 cM from Rpt-CIho2291, respectively. Previous studies have reported genes governing net blotch resistance in this region; however, allelism tests have not been conducted to determine the relationship between these genes. Identification of the chromosomal location of Rpt-Nomini and Rpt-CIho2291 will facilitate future efforts in pyramiding multiple independent genes for net blotch resistance.Ph. D.
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Malcolmson, Elaine. "Coming to terms : an investigation of free-choice learning, scientific literacy and health literacy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6397/.
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The term free-choice learning has received relatively recent support, having been favoured by John Falk from around 2001. Free-choice learning can be described most simply as “the type of learning that occurs most frequently outside of school” (Falk, 2001, p.6). Free-choice science learning has connections with the research areas of science communication, the public understanding of science, public engagement with science and, in particular, informal learning. Additionally, Falk introduced the idea of working knowledge of science as, “knowledge generated by the learner’s own interests and needs” (Falk, Storksdieck and Dierking, 2007, p.464). This thesis explored the terms free-choice learning and working knowledge of science in order to gain a better understanding of their meaning and their importance. The work was carried out to address the following research questions: 1. Can the BodyWorks exhibits be used as a tool to provide evidence of free-choice learning and working knowledge? 2. Can the BodyWorks exhibits be used as a tool to gain a better understanding of free-choice learning and working knowledge? 3. What can be gained from revisiting scientific and health literacy concepts from the perspective of free-choice learning and working knowledge? 4. Can best practice with regards to free-choice learning and working knowledge be shared between the fields of scientific and health literacy? Glasgow Science Centre’s BodyWorks exhibits were used as a tool to empirically investigate free-choice learning and working knowledge. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and staff diaries. It was found that 93% of participants referred to some type of free-choice learning experience when discussing the BodyWorks exhibits. A better understanding of free-choice learning and working knowledge was achieved. Free-choice learning and working knowledge were used as a lens through which to revisit the concepts and definitions of scientific literacy and health literacy. This theoretical work provided an insight to key themes developing in this literature and directions for future research. The results of both the empirical and theoretical parts of this thesis combined to produce implications for free-choice learning providers, formal education, the health sector and society. Most importantly the results presented ideas on how these groups could utilise free-choice learning and working knowledge to their benefit.
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Nanakorn, Pinai. "The general rule for the control of unfair terms in contracts : justifications and operational contents." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f1a2fe4f-b010-4d24-8791-219336a78cdd.
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Cormack, M. A. "Psychological alternatives to long-term benzodiazepine use in general practice." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234848.
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Nicholson, Michelle M. "The short-term regulation of growth hormone secretion." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5351.
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Al-Anzy, Sami. "Unfair contract terms under the Kuwaiti Civil Code : a critical analysis and suggestions for reform." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5452/.
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The fundamental aim of this doctoral thesis is to appraise the protection model critically against unfair contract terms in Kuwait and propose solutions for its reform. The thesis examines the Kuwaiti Civil Code (KCC) provisions that regulate unfair terms in the context of the standard form of contracts (i.e., adhesion) and relevant case law. It primarily seeks to address two main issues: (i) why the Kuwaiti control model for the protection against unfair terms has failed and (ii) how it can be reformed. It argues that the existing control model has failed considerably in providing adhering parties with an adequate level of protection for two reasons. First, the regulation of unfair terms in the context of adhesion contracts is fraught with ambiguities and legal lacunae that render it flawed and ineffective. Second, the courts’ restrictive interpretation of what constitutes an adhesion has limited the protection to only a few types of contracts. The thesis explores how the protection model can be overhauled and, where relevant, uses European Union Council Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts as a normative framework to offer proposals for law reform. To achieve this end, the thesis is divided into an introduction, five chapters, and a conclusion. It starts with a brief introduction, focusing mainly on the statement of the problem, motivation for the research, research objectives and methodology. Chapter one seeks to explore whether, in the light of the statutory deficiency, the general principles of contract law can be employed to counter unfair terms. The aim is to confirm the main hypothesis of the thesis and explain why legislative intervention is needed. Chapter two deals with the scope of protection and discusses the notion of adhesion contracts, their regulation in the KCC and how they have been interpreted by the courts. Chapter three explores the connotations of the concept of unfair terms and seeks to determine whether the ambiguous concept of contractual unfairness can be explained with reference to the theory of abuse of rights. Chapter four assesses the court’s role in disputes involving unfair terms. Chapter five highlights the need to introduce a parallel enforcement mechanism and suggests the establishment of a public body entrusted with the task of eliminating unfair terms from the market. The final segment of the study presents concluding remarks and suggests recommendations for law reform.
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Howie, Jennifer Ann. "Use of genetic variation in short-term feeding behaviour in broiler breeding programmes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7563.
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Genetic variation between individuals is of great importance for the development of breeding programmes, to select for animals with the most favourable traits. Many production companies routinely measure the feed intake of their animals, in order to calculate efficiency traits such as feed conversion ratio. The development of electronic feeders which automatically record individual intake on a visit-by-visit basis now allows the short-term feeding behaviour of animals to be monitored and analysed as another source of variation between individuals. Due to differences in the resolutions of these feeders as a measurement tool, a standard unit of feeding event needs to be estimated to allow for comparisons between studies. Different models for estimation of the defining value of a meal, the meal criterion, have been used, with the most recent incorporating the change in satiety with time since last feeding as part of the model. In this study I developed a new methodology, based on these models, for use when a within meal population of intervals cannot be easily modelled. I then used this model for application to data from four lines of broiler chickens to estimate meal criteria and compare feeding behaviour within and between the lines. Significant differences were found between fast and slow growing birds, with the faster growing birds having fewer but larger meals than the slower growing birds. However, the lines showed similar structure and bouting of their feeding behaviour, indicating that the fundamental controls of feeding behaviour, such as hunger and satiety, in these lines had been unaltered despite intensive selection for growth. The models were also applied across poultry species, kept in different experimental conditions. A similar structure to the feeding behaviour was found across all these species, with all showing clear separation of feeding events into bouts. In order to estimate the potential use of these behavioural observations in a breeding programme, the heritabilities and genetic correlations with existing performance traits were calculated for the four broiler lines. Heritabilities of all feeding behaviour traits were found to be moderate to high, and very similar across the lines. Correlations with performance traits, however, were low, meaning that there were no clear links of the traits with the current production goals investigated. This indicates that past selection for production has had limited impact on feeding behaviour and also that potential selection for feeding behaviour will have little effect on production gains. To identify the areas of the genome controlling feeding behaviour, traits were associated with a SNP panel. Many regions were found to have highly significant association with feeding behaviour traits, with the most highly correlated traits showing associations with the same regions, suggesting pleiotropic effects of genes in these regions. Future work in this area should include identification of individual genes controlling feeding behaviour to allow prediction of the effects of selection for favourable feeding behaviour on other traits, and comparison of the genotypes of different lines of broilers, to further understand the control of feeding behaviour.
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Desire, Suzanne. "Genetic and environmental dissection of short and long-term social aggression in pigs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20383.
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It is common for pigs to engage in physical aggression when mixed into new social groups, in order to establish dominance relationships. Phenotyping aggression is time consuming, however skin lesions resulting from physical aggression are quick to record, are genetically correlated with aggressive behavioural traits, and have low to moderate heritability (0.19 to 0.43). Reducing aggression via selection on skin lesion traits would provide a socially acceptable, long-term solution to the problem. Barriers to implementing selection against skin lesions lie in the lack of understanding regarding the underlying genetic basis of aggression, and its relationship with other behaviour and production traits. This thesis has focused on dissecting the phenotypic and genetic relationship between skin lesions recorded 24 hours after mixing (SL24h), and either 3 or 5 weeks later (SL3wk/SL5wk, respectively), with aggression performed at mixing, and several production traits. Chapter 2 provided evidence of a potential trade-off between involvement in aggression upon first mixing, and receipt of aggressive attacks several weeks after mixing. In particular, animals that avoid aggression at mixing had the highest fresh skin lesion numbers at 3 weeks. This suggests that reciprocal fighting at mixing may be beneficial for long-term group social stability. It also suggests that it may be possible to phenotype the least aggressive individuals in a group using SL3wk. In Chapter 3, I quantified the magnitude of reduction in complex aggressive behavioural traits when using SL24h or SL3wk as selection criteria, to identify the optimum skin lesion trait for selection purposes. The results of Chapter 3 provided evidence that selection against anterior SL24h would result in the greatest genetic and phenotypic reduction in aggressive behaviour recorded at mixing. Although there is evidence that selection for increased SL3wk would reduce aggression at mixing, current understanding of aggressive behaviour under stable group conditions is insufficient to recommend using this trait for selection purposes. Chapter 4, presented genetic associations between skin lesion traits as a measure of short- and long-term aggression, and commonly used commercial performance measures: growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits. The results suggested that, genetically, animals that receive many lesions show improved performance compared to those with few lesions, except for anterior SL24h, which have been shown to be genetically positively correlated with the initiation of nonreciprocal attacks. The aim of Chapter 5, was to determine whether skin lesion traits are phenotypically or genetically associated with behavioural measures of fearfulness. As found in Chapter 4, there was some evidence of an association between SL5wk and the traits, however this was not the case for anterior SL24h. For the 6th and final Chapter, we used skin lesion data from 1,840 pigs to perform genome wide association studies (GWAS), which detected a single SNP significantly associated with SL5wk on a genome wide level, as well as several SNPs associated with both SL24h and SL5wk on a chromosome wide level.
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Beskow, Anna. "Genetic Risk Factors for Cervical Carcinoma in situ." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för genetik och patologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3318.
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Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are implicated in 99.7 % of cervical cancer cases but require the co-operation of other factors. To investigate potential genetic risk factors we have typed the HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 loci in 478 women diagnosed with cervical carcinoma in situ and in 608 age-matched controls. Quantitative measurements of HPV 16, HPV 18/45 and HPV 31 were obtained. The DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 alleles were found to increase the risk of HPV 16 infection. Carriers of DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 were also shown to have an increased risk of a higher viral load compared to non-carriers. The DRB1*1301 and DQB1*0603 alleles were found to protect from HPV 18/45 and 31 infections as well as resulting in a lower viral load in carriers compared to non-carriers. Women with a high HPV 16, 18/45 or 31 viral load were more prone to long-term infections and women with a low HPV 16 viral load were more prone to short-term infections. Carriers of DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 alleles were also shown to have an increased risk of long-term infections compared to short-term infections. We also tested if an HPV susceptibility locus found for epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) was also linked to HPV susceptibility in cervical cancer. We did not find any linkage to this locus in a set of 77 families, each with at least three cases diagnosed with cervical carcinoma in situ. Other potential risk factors tested were HPV 16 E6 variants together with a p53 codon 72 polymorphism and HLA class II alleles. We found an association between the E6 L83V variant and the HLA DR4-DQ3 haplotype, as well as an increased frequency of Arg homozygosity of p53 in women infected with the L83V variant. These results show that alleles at HLA class II loci represents risk factors for persistent HPV infection and thereby also contribute to the risk of development of cervical carcinoma in situ.
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Yenier, Emrah. "Limitations On Point-source Stochastic Simulations In Terms Of Ground-motion Models." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610308/index.pdf.
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In this study, the limitations of point-source stochastic simulations are investigated in terms of fundamental geophysical parameters. Within this context, a total of 6000 synthetic ground motions are generated for various magnitude (5.0 ≤
Mw &
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7.5), source-to-site distance (less than 100 km), faulting style (shallow dipping and strike-slip) and site class (soft, stiff and rock) bins. The simulations are performed in two main stages: (1) the acceleration time series at outcropping very hard rock sites are simulated based on the stochastic method proposed by Boore (1983, 2003) and (2) they are modified through 1-D equivalent linear site response analysis to generate the free-field motions at soft, stiff and rock sites. Thus, as a part of this study, a probability-based soil profile model that considers the random variation of S-wave slowness as a function of depth is derived. The synthetic ground motions are assessed with several recent empirical ground-motion models to constitute the limitations of the simulation procedure. It is believed that the outcomes of this study will realistically describe the limitations of stochastic point-source simulation approach that can be employed further for the studies on improvements of this simulation technique.
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Raghunandan, Jayshan. "Curry-Howard Calculi from Classical Logical Connectives : A Generic Tool for Higher-Order Term Graph Rewriting." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508781.
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WILLE, MARTA CECILIA. "REPRODUCTIVE CONCERNS OF ADULT SURVIVORS OF PEDIATRIC CANCER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin995050435.
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Taylor, Paul Andrew. "Nuclear Binding Energy in Terms of a Redefined (A)symmetry Energy." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/460.
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Thesis advisor: Kevin S. BedellWe investigate the structure of the equation of state of finite nuclear matter by examining the nature of isospin dependence in the (a)symmetry energy term. In particular, we include in the description of the binding energy fourth-order dependence with respect to the asymmetry factor, (N-Z)/A, and the regime of the l=0 Landau parameter, F0´ , is required to be less than –1. This modified equation predicts a minimum binding energy where N≠Z, in addition to the standard symmetric minimum when N=Z. Results with the new asymmetry energy term are compared with experimental binding and symmetry energies from standard semi-empirical mass formulas. Importantly, this method reveals one possible mechanism for producing the phenomenon of neutron excess which is seen in physical nuclei
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2004
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Yalcin, Cagri. "A Comparison Of Predator Teams With Distinct Genetic Similarity Levels In Single Prey Hunting Problem." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610832/index.pdf.
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In the domain of the complex control problems for agents, neuroevolution, i.e. artificial evolution
of neural networks, methods have been continuously shown to offer high performance solutions
which may be unpredictable by external controller design. Recent studies have proved
that these methods can also be successfully applied for cooperative multi-agent systems to
evolve the desired team behavior. For a given task which may benefit from both cooperation
and behavioral specialization, the genetic diversity of the team members may have important
effects on the team performance. In this thesis, the single prey hunting problem is chosen
as the case, where the performance of the evolved predator teams with distinct genetic similarity
levels are systematically examined. For this purpose, three similarity levels, namely
homogeneous, partially heterogeneous and heterogeneous, are adopted and analyzed in various
problem-specific and algorithmic settings. Our similarity levels differ from each other in
terms of the number of groups of identical agents in a single predator team, where identicalness
of two agents refers to the fact that both have the same synaptic weight vector in their
neural network controllers. On the other hand, the problem-specific conditions comprise three
different fields of vision for predators, whereas algorithmic settings refer to varying number of individuals in the populations, as well as two different selection levels such as team and group levels. According to the experimental results within a simulated grid environment, we
show that different genetic similarity level-field of vision-algorithmic setting combinations
beget different performance results.
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Tunnukij, Teerawut. "An Enhanced Grouping Genetic Algorithm for Optimising the Formation of Design Teams and Manufacturing Cells." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489306.
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Capital goods are typical complex products and systems, which are highly customised, engineering-intensive goods that are likely to be produced in one-off projects or small batches for individual customers. The major business activities of capital goods companies are the design, manufaCture and construction of complex products such as turbine generators, power station boilers and oil rigs. These products have deep and complex product structures with many levels of assembly. Unlike mass-produced goods, which are based upon standardised components, they are often highly customised and produced in low volume to meet the specific requirements of individual customers. The highly customised nature of the products leads to a significant design content per order. The effective management of capital goods companies therefore requires both design and manufacturing to be well managed. In the design process, multifunctional design teams (MDTs) are frequently required to work together simultaneously to create a product that satisfies customers and market requirements and improve the design process. The implementation of MDTs has been reported to improve the performance of new product development in many companies. This includes reduction in product development time, engineering changes, scrap, rework and product time to market, improvement in product quality, and increase in return on assets and service life. However, all of the methods in the literature are likely to be suitable for relatively small or simple problems. In addition, additional methods are .required to complete the formation of MDTs - grouping individuals into MOTs and tasks into sets of tasks. None of the previous methods can group individuals into MOTs and tasks into sets of tasks simultaneously. There is a lack of effective methods for creating optimal MOTs, particularly in complex systems where hundreds of people may involve. In the manufacturing process, a well-designed manufacturing facility enhances manufacturing efficiency by reducing material flow, materials handling, work in progress and lead times. Scheduling and the control of operations may also be improved. Cellular manufacturing (CM) has been recognised by manufacturing industries as a major philosophy to achieve competitiveness through reduction in lead times and manufacturing costs as well as improvement in delivery performance and product quality. The implementation of CM requires parts with similar processing requirements to be grouped into part families. Maimfacturing cells are clusters of dissimilar machines placed in close proximity that are dedicated to the manufacture of part families. A large number of clustering methods have been developed for identifying potential manufacturing cells by solving the cell formation problem (CFP), which groups machines into cells and parts into part families. However, the clustering methods in the literature have been mostly applied to relatively small or simple problems. In addition, traditional clustering methods produce inconclusive results for some large complex manufacturing systems such as capital goods companies. There is a lack of effective clustering methods for solving the CFP in complex systems. The MDT formation problem and the CFP are typical grouping optimisation problems in complex systems. They have been shown to be non-deterministic polynomial (NP) complete problems which mean that the time taken to produce solutions increases exponentially with problem size. Effective clustering methods are therefore required for solving these problems in complex systems, which may involve hundreds of people that need to be organised into MOTs to work on sets of tasks and a large number of parts and machines that need to be grouped into manufacturing cells. However, most of clustering methods in the literature have been applied to relatively small or simple problems. Traditional clustering methods also produce inconclusive results for some large complex manufacturing systems. In addition, there are no generic clustering methods that have been applied to both the MDT formation problem and the CFP, particularly in complex systems. The aim of this research was to develop an improved way of solving both the MDT formation problem and the CFP in complex systems. Since MDT formation problems and CFPs are NP-complete problems, this research developed a clustering method based upon Grouping Genetic Algorithms, which are meta-heuristics (stochastic optimisation algorithms) that can find global or near-global optimal solutions within a reasonable amount of computation time. The developed clustering method is referred to as an Enhanced Grouping Genetic Algorithm (EnGGA). The EnGGA replaces the replacement heuristic in a standard Grouping Genetic Algorithm with a Greedy Heuristic and employs a rank-based roulette-elitist strategy, which is a new mechanism for creating successive generations developed in this research. A new approach was also proposed for clustering exceptional elements (EEs) into sub-cells. In the MDT formation problem, this clustering approach identifies engineering liaisons that facilitate information transfer between MOTs. In the CFP, it provides information on which exceptional machines should be placed near together in a cellular layout in order to reduce the inter-cell part distance travelled by exceptional parts. The EnGGA was used to form MDTs and sets of tasks simultaneously, and a local search heuristic was used to identify engineering liaisons when applied to the MDT formation problem. For solving the CFP, the EnGGA was used to cluster machines and parts simultaneously into independent manufacturing cells, and a local search heuristic was then used to identify exceptional machines that should be placed near together. The developed algorithm was tested with a wide range of CFPs in the literature as well as a complex CFP obtained from a collaborating capital goods company. It was then applied to MDT formation problems. The results showed that the developed algorithm was effective and outperformed all the other methods considered when applied to well-known data sets of CFPs in the literature. It produced the best solutions in all cases. The program required less than one minute computational time in all situations. It also effectively solved the large complex industrial CFP whilst traditional clustering methods produced inconclusive results in this case. It could provide information on which exceptional machines should be placed near together in a cellular layout. It was also effective when applied to MDT formation problems. It could complete the formation of MDTs by grouping individuals into MDTs and tasks 'into sets of tasks simultaneously with the identification of engineering liaisons whilst traditional clustering methods require additional methods to complete the formation of MDTs and they are likely to be suitable for relatively small or simple problems. It is therefore likely to be a promising tool for solving grouping optimisation problems in complex systems.
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DeLuca, Gabriele C. "Factors that influence long-term outcome in multiple sclerosis : a neuropathological and genetic study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433552.
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Parda, Kriska F. I. G. "Long term fitness of hybridized populations of Drosophila." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1528020.
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In the practice of resource management conservation, it is common to introduce new members into small inbred populations in order to increase genetic diversity and reduce the negative effects of inbreeding. Although fitness often increases in the F1 generation immediately following intrapopulation hybridization, few studies have focused on the long-term fitness of such populations. The model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans were used to investigate if heterosis, an increase in the fitness in the hybrid population, or outbreeding depression, a decline in the fitness in the hybrid population, occurs over an eight generation period. At each generation, a series of fitness related assays were performed to assess relative fitness. Results of this study were mixed. At best, only some hybridized populations showed slightly higher, but often nonsignificant increases in fitness, never in more than one assay. The lack of consistent strong persistent heterosis suggests that conservation efforts such as habitat preservation maybe be a better use of effort and money for assisting endangered species.
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Joachim, Alexandra. "The Perspectives of Germans and Czechs Regarding the Term Christian." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111687851.
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Waronker, Shimon. "Teacher Teams and Refined Praxis: an Investigation of Teacher Perceptions in Schools." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27112710.
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Two approaches have emerged to counteract isolation (Donaldson, et al., 2008; Little, 1990) and lack of structures for teachers to reflect and learn (Ash and Moore, 2002; Schön, 1983; Dewey, 1910, 1933): they are teaming (Troen & Boles, 2012) and reflective practice (Schön, 1983, 1987). In this paper, I research “refined praxis,” a theoretical framework based on four foundational theorists of reflective practice: Dewey (1910, 1933), Freire (1970, 1974, 1985), Schön (1983, 1987) and Argyris (1974, 1982, 1990) (see also Argyris & Schön, 1974). Refined praxis combines collegial dialogue with reflective practice to offer a new approach to improving instructional practice.
This qualitative study utilizes constructivist grounded theory methodology (Charmaz, 2014) because refined praxis is a new theoretical framework that has not been studied before, and grounded theory is an appropriate tool when there is little to no existing empirical data (Charmaz, 2006, 2014; Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Strauss and Corbin, 1998; Willig, 2008).
This qualitative study focuses on the perceptions of teachers who are in teams engaged in refined praxis and contributes to researchers and practitioners interested in both teaming and reflection. Its goal is to provide rich descriptions of what happens in refined praxis teams, what teachers find most valuable, and an understanding of what types of factors contribute to whether, when, and under what conditions teachers find this type of learning to be effective.
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Bronsther, Jacob. "Long-term incarceration and the moral limits of punishment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3814/.
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This thesis, inquiring into the permissibility of long-term incarceration, maintains that two sets of reasons determine the moral limits of punishment. First, the reasons that justify the infliction of penal harm will only license "proportionate" or "parsimonious" means of realizing our penal aims. Part I, searching for these reasons, conceives of the criminal law as a system of protections, upon which all citizens rely for their assured liberty. An offender weakens this system by contributing to the threat of "criminality." The state is thereby entitled, and only entitled, to harm him as a means of "erasing" his criminality contributions, generally by deterring would-be future offenders. This precludes long-term incarceration in most, but not all cases, given the tenuous relationship between penal severity and deterrence. The second set of reasons opposes degrading punishments. Is long-term incarceration impermissibly degrading, irrespective of its proportionality or usefulness otherwise? Part II gains traction by considering torture, the exemplar of degrading treatment. I define torture as the intentional infliction of a suffusive panic. I argue that it is egregiously "disrespectful" of the human capacity to realize value. It converts a diachronic being capable of building a good life through time into a synchronic being whose awareness is restricted to a maximally terrible present. Meanwhile, a prison sentence is "long-term," I argue, if it severely risks ruining an inmate's life, just in virtue of the amount of time that he is separated from society and thereby deprived of certain associational goods (e.g. a family and career). Long-term incarceration for reasons of retribution or deterrence intentionally inflicts this life-ruining harm. It is thus impermissibly disrespectful of a person's value-generating capacities, I conclude, akin to penal torture. Long-term incarceration for the reason of incapacitation, however, whereby the state is not motivated to harm the offender, can be legitimate.
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Dodd, Jennifer Ann. "Long-term change in river invertebrate communities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2959/.
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Finding rules that govern species distribution and coexistence is a fundamental aim of ecological research. The rapidly expanding and increasingly mobile human race is challenging our understanding of some these rules. Using long-term macroinvertebrate data collected from two river systems with contrasting legacies from human activity, this thesis investigates drivers of change in community structure and function, mechanisms underpinning these changes and how these changes affect the accurate assessment of the ecological condition of river systems. The reformation of the river invertebrate communities within the River Clyde system was not predicted by the simple improving measures of water physico-chemistry or life history characteristics of the re-colonising community. This has serious implications for the accurate assessment of river health which is at present largely reliant on the physio-chemical tolerance of macroinvertebrates to indicate prevailing environmental conditions. It is argued that reference condition predictions, like those obtained from the RIVPACS programme, may not be suitable when assessing the ecological health of a river subjected to long-term modification from human activity, like the River Clyde. Significant differences in the stable isotope signatures of resident and colonising populations of Rhyacophila dorsalis (a predatory Trichopteran) provided insight into some mechanisms underlying differences between reforming communities. Trophic position estimates for some colonising populations of R. dorsalis were shown to be lower than expected considering their predatory status and, colonisation patterns were significant in predicting changes in occupied trophic position. The River Endrick is recognised internationally in terms of biodiversity. Over the last 50 years, the diversity of macroinvertebrate fauna of the river has significantly reduced, five species have become locally extinct and there has been a significant change in the distribution of 29 other species. The macroinvertebrate community in the headwater of the river has undergone a dramatic change in structure and function. The contrasting changes to the headwater community and changes in the structure and function of the macroinvertebrate community in the river system require further investigation. This thesis demonstrates the importance of investigating long-term change.
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Nchai, Tlali Pius. "The comprehension by factory workers of English technical terms in Ministry of Employment and Labour Radio Broadcasts in Lesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18062.
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Thesis (MPhil )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the advent of the information age, government ministries in Lesotho, as well as nongovernmental agencies, are trying to gain publicity in terms of services they offer to the general public. The Ministry of Employment and Labour (MEL), for example, resorted to using radio programmes in order to inform the public about the services it offers. These range from career guidance and counselling, pre- and post-employment advice, information about occupational health and safety and HIV/AIDS, providing facts about what type of vacancies are available locally and internationally, to instilling the spirit of dialogue among relevant stakeholders in matters related to labour, employers and employees. During various weekly radio presentations, presented in Sesotho, several departments are able to go on-air and present services that their departments offer to the general public and what the public can do in the event they are given a disservice by the concerned department. In the process of doing so, many technical terms are used. These often take the form of code switches into English, translations from English into Sesotho and borrowings from English. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the use of code switching, translation and borrowing makes it possible for factory workers in Lesotho to understand the message that is being delivered to them in a clear and unmistakable manner that will influence a change of behaviour on the part of factory workers. In order to ascertain the level of comprehension of technical terms, participants completed a questionnaire in which they gave their understanding of various technical terms selected from transcribed MEL radio broadcasts. The findings of this study show that the use of code switching, translation and borrowing from English limit the understanding of what is being communicated, making the radio broadcasts less effective in disseminating information on matters related to HIV/AIDS, the plight of factory workers according to the ratified conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO), legal terms related to contracts of employment, their commencement and termination, conditions of work, the level of the unemployed versus the employed, skills needed to venture into the country’s labour market and occupational health and safety guidelines as reflected in the Labour Code of Lesotho.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die aanbreek van die inligtingsera probeer staatsministeries in Lesotho, asook nieregeringsorganisasies, om publisiteit te verkry vir die openbare dienste wat hul lewer. Die Ministerie van Werksverskaffing en Arbeid (MWA) het byvoorbeeld besluit om gebruik te maak van radioprogramme om die publiek in te lig aangaande sy dienste. Hierdie dienste wissel van beroepsvoorligting en -berading, voor- en na-indiensnemingsadvies, inligting oor bedryfsgesondheid en -veiligheid en HIV/VIGS, die verskaffing van feite oor beskikbare plaaslike en internasionale vakaturetipes, tot die kweek van ’n dialoog-gees onder relevante belanghebbendes in arbeid-, werkgewer- en werknemersake. Tydens verskeie weeklikse radio-aanbiedings, aangebied in Sesotho, kan ’n aantal departemente hulle openbare dienste adverteer, asook die prosedure wat gevolg kan word deur lede van die publiek wat veronreg is deur die gegewe departement. Hierdie boodskappe bevat verskeie tegniese terme, dikwels aangebied in die vorm van kodewisselings na Engels, vertalings uit Engels na Sesotho, asook Engelse leenwoorde. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of die gebruik van kodewisseling, vertaling en woordleen fabriekswerkers in Lesotho daartoe in staat stel om die boodskap wat gekommunikeer word te verstaan in ’n duidelike, ondubbelsinnige wyse wat tot ’n gedragsverandering onder die fabriekswerkers sal lei. Ten einde die begripsvlak vir tegniese terme vas te stel, het deelnemers ’n vraelys voltooi waarin hulle hul begrip van verskeie tegniese terme (geselekteer uit getranskribeerde MWA-radiouitsendings), weergegee het. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat die gebruik van kodewisseling, vertaling en woordleen uit Engels die begrip van wat gekommunikeer word, beperk. Dít maak die radiouitsendings minder effektief in die verspreiding van inligting oor HIV/VIGS; die saak van fabriekwerkers (met inagname van die gesanksioneerde konvensies van die Internasionale Arbeidsorganisasie); regsterme wat verband hou met arbeidskontrakte, spesifiek hul aanvang en terminasie, asook werksomstandighede; die vlak van werkloses teenoor werkendes; die vaardighede wat benodig word om die land se arbeidsmark te betree; en bedryfsgesondheid en –veiligheidsriglyne, soos gereflekteer in die Arbeidswet van Lesotho.
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Veenhuizen, Jacob. "On Cosmological Terms : A Study on Terminological Equivalence and Insufficient Terminologies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-63467.
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Terminology is an aspect of scientific-technical texts that can be quite problematic to deal with for a translator, depending on the subject. In many fields of study, the terminology is highly specific and each term clearly defined as relating to a certain concept. The problem for the translator then is to find a term within the terminology of the target language that relates to the same concept. The purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of translating terminology in an advanced text on cosmology. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are used in order to indicate the frequency of various problems relating to the translation of terminology and what strategies can be used to solve the various problems in a satisfactory manner, respectively. These analyses involve a study of terminological equivalence as well as the challenges that arise when the terminology of a given field lacks certain terms in a given language. The paper will show that a certain lack of terminological equivalence between English and Swedish as well as the greater issue of a limited development of the cosmological terminology in Swedish are two considerable problems when translating an advanced cosmological text from English into Swedish.
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Jeffers, Jonathan. "In silico simulation of long term cement mantle failure in total hip replacement." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/388231/.
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Allam, Omnia. "Holistic analysis approach to facilitating communication between general practitioners and cancer care teams." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56043/.
Full textAbstract:
In the last decade, the healthcare delivery model for many diseases has been changing from a disease centred approach to a patient centred approach, where healthcare provision is tailored around an individual patient's needs. This is leading to a situation where many diseases are now being treated by multidisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals working across the three care sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. This is known as an integrated care approach. Cancer is recognised by the National Service Frameworks as a key model of the integrated care approach. This has meant that the information systems supporting the care process need to evolve to reflect these changes. Particularly, all members of the cancer care team, including GPs, should work together seamlessly and communicate in a timely and effective manner to maintain the continuity of cancer patient care and ensure it is delivered without unnecessary delay. This thesis investigates the current situation in Wales against this changing scenario in order to identify the problems hindering the communication between GPs and other members of cancer care teams. It then specifies a new system to overcome these problems, and support the integrated care approach with a particular emphasis on the role of GPs in the care domain. This proposed system provides a common Electronic Patient Record System with the aim of supplying required information to all care sectors according to the needs and working practices of the clinicians in each care sector. It is demonstrated that this new system will give better support in the future to the team members than the current systems.
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Gokdemir, Fatma Kubra. "Criticism Of Technology In Terms Of Social Determinism: Perspectives Of Scientists From Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610636/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Technology conceptualized as a social entity and a relation has attained new meanings and inquired
based on different methodological and theoretical standpoints since 1970s. It was widely
recognized as autonomous however it emerges and related to social relations and have a determining role on social, economic and political character of societies. The role of technology in transforming scientific knowledge into needs of society is mostly considered within pragmatic understanding. The aim of integrating and questioning the social character of technology lead to critical contemporary discussions of technology.
The goal of this study is to question whether technology is socially shaped and dependent or independent/autonomous social entity. That is whether it is largely external-outside of society, exogenous, supra-social and posses its own path or it is a socially dependent entity. This study thus aims to provide a critical inquiry on technological determinism and the social determinism is examined in the light of in-depth interviews carried out with scientists from Turkey. The social
character of technology is related to issues concerning the expansion of capitalist social relations: uncertain, risky and rational.