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Academic literature on the topic 'Genes encoding deduce proteins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Genes encoding deduce proteins"

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Cao, Bang Phi, and Anh Thi Van Le. "Metal transporter encoding gene families in Fabaceae: II. Cation/H+ exchanger (CAX) encoding genes." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T3 (September 30, 2017): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it3.462.

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The plant CAtion/H+ eXchangers (CAX) proteins belong to Ca2+/cation antiporter (CaCA) superfamily. By using in silico methods, the CAX encoding genes in the genome of six legume species have been identified in this work. In examined legume genomes, the CAX genes belong to a small multigenic family. The number of the CAX genes in these legume species is 17 (soybean), 6 (common bean and C. cajan), 5 (M. truncatula and C. arietinum) and 3 genes (L. japonicus), respectively. The legume CAX genes vary in genomic full-length ranging from 1,213 to 11,561 base pairs. All of the genes exhibit introns (from 4 to 11 introns). Their deduced full-length protein sequences range from 248 to 718 amino acids. Theoretical pI values of most (39/42) of legume CAX proteins were less than 7. The secondary structure modelling of protein exhibit transmembrane helix region (from 3 to 11 regions). Half of all (23/42) included 11 transmembrane helix regions. Based on phylogeny analysis, all of the legume CAX were divided into two groups, A and B, each consisting of two subgroups. The phylogeny suggested an ancient gene duplication in the genome of legumes ancestry. The recent gene duplication even was only detected in the soybean genome after the speciation. The expression analysis showed that all of 3 L. japonicus CAX genes expressed in all examined tissues. However, the expression of C. cajan CAX genes was not detected. For each of 4 remaining legumes, the CAX genes were differed in their expression level depending on studied tissues. The tissue-specific expressions of some CAX genes were observed in 5 out of the 6 legume species, except C. cajan.

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Koper, Teresa E., Amal F. El-Sheikh, Jeanette M. Norton, and Martin G. Klotz. "Urease-Encoding Genes in Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 2004): 2342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2342-2348.2004.

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ABSTRACT Many but not all ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) produce urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) and are capable of using urea for chemolithotrophic growth. We sequenced the urease operons from two AOB, the β-proteobacterium Nitrosospira sp. strain NpAV and the γ-proteobacterium Nitrosococcus oceani. In both organisms, all seven urease genes were contiguous: the three structural urease genes ureABC were preceded and succeeded by the accessory genes ureD and ureEFG, respectively. Green fluorescent protein reporter gene fusions revealed that the ure genes were under control of a single operon promoter upstream of the ureD gene in Nitrosococcus oceani. Southern analyses revealed two copies of ureC in the Nitrosospira sp. strain NpAV genome, while a single copy of the ure operon was detected in the genome of Nitrosococcus oceani. The ureC gene encodes the alpha subunit protein containing the active site and conserved nickel binding ligands; these conserved regions were suitable primer targets for obtaining further ureC sequences from additional AOB. In order to develop molecular tools for detecting the ureolytic ecotype of AOB, ureC genes were sequenced from several β-proteobacterial AOB. Pairwise identity values ranged from 80 to 90% for the UreC peptides of AOB within a subdivision. UreC sequences deduced from AOB urease genes and available UreC sequences in the public databases were used to construct alignments and make phylogenetic inferences. The UreC proteins from β-proteobacterial AOB formed a distinct monophyletic group. Unexpectedly, the peptides from AOB did not group most closely with the UreC proteins from other β-proteobacteria. Instead, it appears that urease in β-proteobacterial autotrophic ammonia oxidizers is the product of divergent evolution in the common ancestor of γ- and β-proteobacteria that was initiated before their divergence during speciation. Sequence motifs conserved for the proteobacteria and variable regions possibly discriminatory for ureC from β-proteobacterial AOB were identified for future use in environmental analysis of ureolytic AOB. These gene sequences are the first publicly available for ure genes from autotrophic AOB.

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Mintz, Keith P., and Paula M. Fives-Taylor. "Identification of Genes Coding for Exported Proteins of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 6217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.11.6217-6220.1999.

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ABSTRACT Random fusions of genomic DNA fragments to a partial gene encoding a signal sequence-deficient bacterial alkaline phosphatase were utilized to screen for exported proteins of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Escherichia coli. Twenty-four PhoA+ clones were isolated and sequenced. Membrane localization signals in the form of signal sequences were deduced from most of these sequences. Several of the deduced amino acid sequences were found to be homologous to known exported or membrane-associated proteins. The complete genes corresponding to two of these sequences were isolated from an A. actinomycetemcomitans lambda phage library. One gene was found to be homologous to the outer membrane lipoprotein LolB. The second gene product had homology with a Haemophilus influenzae protein and was localized to the inner membrane of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

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Huang, Guozhong, Bingli Gao, Tom Maier, R. Allen, Eric L. Davis, Thomas J. Baum, and Richard S. Hussey. "A Profile of Putative Parasitism Genes Expressed in the Esophageal Gland Cells of the Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 5 (May 2003): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.5.376.

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Identifying parasitism genes encoding proteins secreted from a nematode's esophageal gland cells and injected through its stylet into plant tissue is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. Meloidogyne incognita parasitism genes were cloned by microaspirating the cytoplasm from the esophageal gland cells of different parasitic stages to provide mRNA to create a gland cell-specific cDNA library by long-distance reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Of 2,452 cDNA clones sequenced, deduced protein sequences of 185 cDNAs had a signal peptide for secretion and, thus, could have a role in root-knot nematode parasitism of plants. High-throughput in situ hybridization with cDNA clones encoding signal peptides resulted in probes of 37 unique clones specifically hybridizing to transcripts accumulating within the subventral (13 clones) or dorsal (24 clones) esophageal gland cells of M. incognita. In BLASTP analyses, 73% of the predicted proteins were novel proteins. Those with similarities to known proteins included a pectate lyase, acid phosphatase, and hypothetical proteins from other organisms. Our cell-specific analysis of genes encoding secretory proteins provided, for the first time, a profile of putative parasitism genes expressed in the M. incognita esophageal gland cells throughout the parasitic cycle.

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Osaki, Makoto, Daisuke Takamatsu, Yoshihiro Shimoji, and Tsutomu Sekizaki. "Characterization of Streptococcus suis Genes Encoding Proteins Homologous to Sortase of Gram-Positive Bacteria." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.4.971-982.2002.

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ABSTRACT Many surface proteins which are covalently linked to the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria have a consensus C-terminal motif, Leu-Pro-X-Thr-Gly (LPXTG). This sequence is cleaved, and the processed protein is attached to an amino group of a cross-bridge in the peptideglycan by a specific enzyme called sortase. Using the type strain of Streptococcus suis, NCTC 10234, we found five genes encoding proteins that were homologous to sortases of other bacteria and determined the nucleotide sequences of the genetic regions. One gene, designated srtA, was linked to gyrA, as were the sortase and sortase-like genes of other streptococci. Three genes, designated srtB, srtC, and srtD, were tandemly clustered in a different location, where there were three segments of directly repeated sequences of approximately 110 bp in close vicinity. The remaining gene, designated srtE, was located separately on the chromosome with a pseudogene which may encode a transposase. The deduced amino acid sequences of the five Srt proteins showed 18 to 31% identity with the sortases of Streptococcus gordonii and Staphylococcus aureus, except that SrtA of S. suis had 65% identity with that of S. gordonii. Isogenic mutants deficient for srtA, srtBCD, or srtE were generated by allelic exchanges. The protein fraction which was released from partially purified cell walls by digestion with N-acetylmuramidase was profiled by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. More than 15 of the protein spots were missing in the profile of the srtA mutant compared with that of the parent strain, and this phenotype was completely complemented by srtA cloned from S. suis. Four genes encoding proteins corresponding to such spots were identified and sequenced. The deduced translational products of the four genes possessed the LPXTG motif in their C-terminal regions. On the other hand, the protein spots that were missing in the srtA mutant appeared in the profiles of the srtBCD and srtE mutants. These results provide evidence that the cell wall sorting system involving srtA is also present in S. suis.

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Dorsey, Caleb W., Marcelo E. Tolmasky, Jorge H. Crosa, and Luis A. Actis. "Genetic organization of an Acinetobacter baumannii chromosomal region harbouring genes related to siderophore biosynthesis and transport." Microbiology 149, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26204-0.

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The Acinetobacter baumannii 8399 clinical isolate secretes dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and a high-affinity catechol siderophore, which is different from other bacterial iron chelators already characterized. Complementation assays with enterobactin-deficient Escherichia coli strains led to the isolation of a cosmid clone containing A. baumannii 8399 genes required for the biosynthesis and activation of DHBA. Accordingly, the cloned fragment harbours a dhbACEB polycistronic operon encoding predicted proteins highly similar to several bacterial proteins required for DHBA biosynthesis from chorismic acid. Genes encoding deduced proteins related to the E. coli Fes and the Bacillus subtilis DhbF proteins, and a putative Yersinia pestis phosphopantetheinyl transferase, all of them involved in the assembly and utilization of catechol siderophores in other bacteria, were found next to the dhbACEB locus. This A. baumannii 8399 gene cluster also contained the om73, p45 and p114 predicted genes encoding proteins potentially involved in transport of ferric siderophore complexes. The deduced products of the p114 and p45 genes are putative membrane proteins that belong to the RND and MFS efflux pump proteins, respectively. Interestingly, P45 is highly related to the E. coli P43 (EntS) protein that participates in the secretion of enterobactin. Although P114 is similar to other bacterial efflux pump proteins involved in antibiotic resistance, its genetic arrangement within this A. baumannii 8399 locus is different from that described in other bacteria. The product of om73 is a Fur- and iron-regulated surface-exposed outer-membrane protein. These characteristics together with the presence of a predicted TonB box and its high similarity to other siderophore receptors indicate that OM73 plays such a role in A. baumannii 8399. The 184 nt om73–p114 intergenic region contains promoter elements that could drive the expression of these divergently transcribed genes, all of which are in close proximity to almost perfect Fur boxes. This arrangement explains the iron- and Fur-regulated expression of om73, and provides strong evidence for a similar regulation for the expression of p114.

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Chan, J. Y., X. L. Han, and Y. W. Kan. "Isolation of cDNA encoding the human NF-E2 protein." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, no. 23 (December 1, 1993): 11366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.23.11366.

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The human homolog of mouse NF-E2 was isolated from the K562 cell line and found to encode a member of the basic leucine-zipper family of DNA-binding regulatory proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse and human proteins exhibited near identity. Comparison to the related protein, Nrf1, revealed significant homologies at isolated regions, particularly within the basic domain, suggesting that NF-E2 and Nrf1 are members of a distinct subfamily of basic leucine-zipper proteins that share similar DNA-binding properties. High levels of human NF-E2 mRNA were observed in human erythroleukemic cell lines examined. Extensive survey of human tissue samples found NF-E2 expression not limited to erythropoeitic organs. Expression in the colon and testis suggests that NF-E2 may participate in the regulation of genes other than globin.

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Kim, Kwi S., Timothy G. Lilburn, Michael J. Renner, and John A. Breznak. "arfI and arfII, Two Genes Encoding α-l-Arabinofuranosidases inCytophaga xylanolytica." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 1919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.5.1919-1923.1998.

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ABSTRACT arfI encoded the 57.7-kDa subunit of Cytophaga xylanolytica arabinofuranosidase I (ArfI). arfIIencoded a 59.2-kDa subunit of ArfII. Products of both cloned genes liberated arabinose from arabinan and arabinoxylan. The deduced amino acid sequences of ArfI and ArfII revealed numerous regions that were identical to each other and to regions of homologous proteins fromBacteroides ovatus, Bacillus subtilis, andClostridium stercorarium.

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Knudsen, Katrine, Anna Sofie Madsen, Per Mygind, Gunna Christiansen, and Svend Birkelund. "Identification of Two Novel Genes Encoding 97- to 99-Kilodalton Outer Membrane Proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.1.375-383.1999.

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ABSTRACT Two genes encoding 97- to 99-kDa Chlamydia pneumoniaeVR1310 outer membrane proteins (Omp4 and Omp5) with mutual similarity were cloned and sequenced. The proteins were shown to be constituents of the C. pneumoniae outer membrane complex, and the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to those of putative outer membrane proteins encoded by the Chlamydia psittaci andChlamydia trachomatis gene families. By use of a monospecific polyclonal antibody against purified recombinant Omp4, it was shown that without heating, the protein migrated at 65 to 75 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that epitopes of Omp4 were exposed on the surface of C. pneumoniae elementary bodies, reticulate bodies, and outer membrane complex. Proteins encoded by the C. pneumoniae gene family seem to be dominant antigens in experimentally infected mice.

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Lang, Elza A. S., and Marilis V. Marques. "Identification and Transcriptional Control of Caulobacter crescentus Genes Encoding Proteins Containing a Cold Shock Domain." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 17 (September 1, 2004): 5603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.17.5603-5613.2004.

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ABSTRACT The cold shock proteins are small peptides that share a conserved domain, called the cold shock domain (CSD), that is important for nucleic acid binding. The Caulobacter crescentus genome has four csp genes that encode proteins containing CSDs. Three of these (cspA, cspB, and cspC) encode peptides of about 7 kDa and are very similar to the cold shock proteins of other bacteria. Analysis by reverse transcription-PCR of the fourth gene (cspD), which was previously annotated as encoding a 7-kDa protein, revealed that the mRNA is larger and probably encodes a putative 21-kDa protein, containing two CSDs. A search in protein sequences databases revealed that this new domain arrangement has thus far only been found among deduced peptides of α-proteobacteria. Expression of each Caulobacter csp gene was studied both in response to cold shock and to growth phase, and we have found that only cspA and cspB are induced by cold shock, whereas cspC and cspD are induced at stationary phase, with different induction rates. The transcription start sites were determined for each gene, and a deletion mapping of the cspD promoter region defined a sequence required for maximal levels of expression, indicating that regulation of this gene occurs at the transcriptional level. Deletion of cspA, but not cspD, caused a reduction in viability when cells were incubated at 10°C for prolonged times, suggesting that cspA is important for adaptation to a low temperature.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Genes encoding deduce proteins"

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Sadjuga. "Regulation of ferric-chelate reductase activity and the FRO gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311143.

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Shah, Bindiya. "Identification of genes encoding secreted proteins of schistosomes." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9801/.

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Vaughan, Tristan John. "Isolation and analysis of genes encoding wheat ribosomal proteins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328181.

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Green, Judith Louise. "Genes encoding rhoptry proteins of the malaria parasite plasmodium." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300303.

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Smillie, David Andrew. "Genes encoding sigma cross-reacting proteins of Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14435.

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In the course of work aimed at discovering new sigma transcription initiation factors in Escherichia coli, two unknown sigma cross-reacting proteins (SCRP-23 and SCRP-27A) were identified by cross-reaction with antibodies raised against region 2.2 of sigma 70. This thesis describes the mapping, sequencing and characterisation of the corresponding genes. The gene encoding SCRP-23 was located near 652kb on the physical map of the E. coli chromosomes. Its sequence and that of part of a downstream open reading frame were determined, and found to be closely similar to the ahpC and F genes (respectively) of Salmonella typhimurium. These encode the C22 and F52a subunits of the anti-oxidant enzyme, alkylhydroperoxide reductase. The identity of the E. coli genes was further established by their ability when introduced on plasmids into an ahp deletion strain to restore cumene hydroperoxide resistance. Transcription of ahpCF was found to be driven by two promoters: ahpP₁ is dependent on activation by the OxyR transcriptional regulator, whilst ahpP₂ is independent of this factor. Indeed ahpP₂ is located within the OxyR target site, and is repressed when OxyR is activated by oxidation. The gene encoding SCRP-27A, scrP, was located near 3416 kb on the physical map, just 250 bp downstream of arcB. arcB encodes a transmembrane sensor-regulator of respiratory functions.

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Rezenom, Suzie Haile. "Differential Expression of Genes Encoding Secreted Proteins in Penicillium Marneffei." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1369740920.

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Wallis, Anne Elizabeth. "Identification of Leishmania genes encoding proteins containing tandemly repeating peptides." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29447.

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In order to identify Leishmania proteins which may be immunologically relevant or may play a role in interactions between Leishmania and its mammalian host, a Leishmania major genomic DNA library was constructed in the vector λgt11 and screened with antibodies raised to Leishmania major promastigote membranes. Two recombinant DNA clones were identified which encoded repetitive sequences (Clone 20 and Clone 39). Clone 20 encoded a repetitive peptide of 14 amino acids and clone 39 encoded an unrelated repetitive peptide of 10 amino acids. Analysis of one of these clones, Clone 20, indicated that there were two RNA transcripts of 9500 and 5200 nucleotides expressed which corresponded to this clone in Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani and this expression was not stage-specific. The results of genomic DNA analysis and isolation of additional clones encoding Clone 20 sequences indicated that there were two genes which corresponded to Clone 20 in both Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani and that these genes differed from one another with respect to the number of repeats which they contained. Antibodies against the fusion protein produced by Clone 20 recognized a series of Leishmania major proteins of apparent mol wt 250,000. Analysis of Clone 39 indicated that there was a single transcript of 7500 nucleotides expressed which corresponded to this clone in both Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani and that there was a single gene (or two identical genes) which encoded this transcript. The genomes of many protozoan parasites exhibit a high degree of plasticity with respect to chromosome size and number. The presence of highly repetitive regions within their DNA may be involved in maintaining this plasticity, allowing the parasite to evolve rapidly under selective pressure. Repetitive regions have been identified within many Plasmodia antigens and have been implicated in the ability of this parasite to evade the host immune system. The presence of Leishmania genes encoding proteins containing tandemly repeating peptides may indicate that these proteins play a similar role in evading the host immune system during the course of Leishmania infections. The possible evolution and functions of repetitive proteins in protozoan parasites is discussed.
Medicine, Faculty of
Medical Genetics, Department of
Graduate

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Di, Carlo Martino. "Calcium signaling and the expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39188.pdf.

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Tate, Alison Winifred. "Identification of genes encoding proteins implicated in peroxisomal function and disease." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625073.

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Liggins, Amanda. "Cloning and characterisation of genes encoding molecular recognition proteins from insects." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11555/.

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Olfaction is one of the most important senses by which insects obtain information about their environment. In the early stages of olfactory perception in insects, odour molecules are carried across the sensillum lymph by small soluble Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs). This is followed by activation of the appropriate olfactory receptor, resulting in an electrical impulse, and subsequent degradation of the initial signal. OBPs have been studied in a range of insect orders including Lepidoptera, Diptera and Orthoptera, and this study reports the cloning and characterisation of cDNAs with a potential olfactory role in the vetch aphid, Megoura viciae (Buckton, Homoptera: Aphididiae). Construction and sequencing of antennal cDNA libraries identified two cDNAs, MvicOBP1 and Mv164, which were approximately 0.8kb and 1kb respectively. The amino acid sequence of MvicOBP1 has the spacing pattern of six cysteine residues that is characteristic of insect OBPs, and Mv164 shows similarity to insect cytochrome P450 enzymes. RT-PCR showed that these cDNAs have specific or enhanced expression in the chemosensory tissues of M. viciae, and parallel expression patterns suggest a "linked" function. Related sequences are present and expressed in other aphid species, and sequencing of genomic fragments allowed the partial elucidation of the intron/exon organisation of these genes. Subtracted antennal cDNA libraries identified two cDNAs encoding proteins with significant similarity to insect chemosensory proteins (CSPs), cDNAs encoding Juvenile Hormone Binding Proteins (JHBPs), and a tissue-specific cDNA with a potential carrier role. These, coupled with the OBPs, add evidence to the suggestion that there is an insect superfamily of binding proteins. A PBP from Bombyx mori (BmorPBP1) was used as a model system for in vitro expression of an insect OBP and subsequent characterisation of the recombinant protein. Four forms of this protein, identified through their interaction with an anti-BmorPBP antibody, were resolved by isoelectric focusing.

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Books on the topic "Genes encoding deduce proteins"

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Wang, W. A potato cDNA encoding a homologue of mammalian multidrug resistant P-glycoprotein. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Slack, Jonathan. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199676507.003.0007.

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There are many concepts of the gene. They range from defined sequences of DNA encoding proteins, to variant genes distinguishing individuals (markers), to unknown genes controlling quantitative traits, to hypothetical entities controlling behaviour as well as other complex characteristics. The science of genes is at its most precise and reliable when dealing with known protein coding genes. But all of the different concepts of the gene have been and continue to be important in numerous areas of human thought.

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Brahm, Amanda J., and Robert A. Hegele. Monogenic Chylomicronemia: Deficiency of Lipoprotein Lipase and Related Factors. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0033.

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Monogenic chylomicronemia is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severely elevated fasting triglyceride that carries lifelong elevated risk of developing pancreatitis. The majority of cases are caused by mutations in the LPL gene encoding lipoprotein lipase, the enzyme primarily responsible for chylomicron clearance. Mutations in genes encoding associated proteins (APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1 and LMF1) may also present with a very similar phenotype. Current management, which includes restriction of dietary fat intake and standard pharmacologic interventions, has met with limited success, but new therapies under development may prove to be more effective.

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Bailey, Matthew A. An overview of tubular function. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0020.

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This chapter provides an overview of transport processes, describing both the membrane proteins that effect transepithelial solute flux and the systems that allow integrated regulation of electrolyte transport. The emphasis is on the physiological mechanisms but links to human diseases are made in order to illuminate fundamental principles of control. The key transport proteins and encoding genes are listed. First, the major transport pathways and regulatory features for each nephron segment are described. The focus here is on the transepithelial flux of sodium, potassium, and water. In the second part, other important aspects of renal homeostasis, including urine concentration and acid–base balance, are summarized.

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Syrris, Petros, and Alexandros Protonotarios. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: genetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0359.

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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a disorder of the heart muscle which is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It is believed to be familial in over 50% of cases. A recessive mode of inheritance has also been reported in syndromic cases with cardiocutaneous features. The classic form of the disorder is considered to be ‘a disease of the desmosome’ as pathogenic variants have been identified in five genes encoding key desmosomal proteins: plakoglobin, desmoplakin, plakophilin-2, desmoglein-2, and desmocollin-2. Mutations in these genes account for 30–50% of ARVC cases. A further eight non-desmosomal genes have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disorder but only account for rare cases. Studies of patients with ARVC-associated gene mutations have revealed marked genetic heterogeneity and very limited genotype–phenotype correlation. Disease expression often varies significantly amongst individuals carrying the same mutation. It has been proposed that the presence of more than one sequence variant is required to determine overt clinical disease and patients with multiple variants have a more severe phenotype compared to single variant carriers. Identification of a potentially pathogenic variant comprises a major criterion in the diagnosis of ARVC but informative integration of genetic testing into clinical practice remains challenging. Gene testing should be used to identify asymptomatic family members at risk and only aids diagnosis in cases of high suspicion for ARVC, along with other evident features of the disease already present. However, genetic findings should be used with caution in clinical practice and their interpretation must be performed in expert centres.

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Book chapters on the topic "Genes encoding deduce proteins"

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Reuzeau, Christophe, Lars Snogerup, and Per Kjellbom. "Molecular Analysis of Genes Encoding Arabinogalactan-Proteins." In Cell and Developmental Biology of Arabinogalactan-Proteins, 25–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4207-0_3.

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Müller, Peter, and Ellen Mühlencoert. "Two Bradyrhizobium japonicum Genes Encoding Putative Sensor Proteins." In Nitrogen Fixation: From Molecules to Crop Productivity, 241–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47615-0_120.

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Lemke, Greg. "Molecular Biology of the Genes Encoding the Major Myelin Proteins." In Molecular Neurobiology, 21–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7488-0_2.

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Bol, John F. "Structure and Expression of Plant Genes Encoding Pathogenesis-Related Proteins." In Plant Gene Research, 201–21. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6950-6_11.

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MacGillivray, Ross T. A., Deborah E. Cool, Marion R. Fung, Enriqueta R. Guinto, Marlys L. Koschinsky, and Bernard A. Oost. "Structure of the Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Blood Clotting." In Genetic Engineering, 265–330. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7081-3_14.

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Sikorski, M. M., J. Biesiadka, J. Kopcinska, B. Lotocka, W. Golinowski, and A. B. Legocki. "Structure and Expression of Yellow Lupine Genes Encoding the PR10 Proteins." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 295. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_164.

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Buetow, D. E., L. S. H. Yi, and G. Erdös. "Regulation of Genes Encoding Plastid Proteins During Chloroplast Biogenesis in Euglena." In Regulation of Chloroplast Biogenesis, 31–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3366-5_5.

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Blaich, Rolf. "Function of Genetic Material, Regulation of Genes Encoding Seed Storage Proteins." In Progress in Botany, 253–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78568-9_15.

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Booij, H., P. Sterk, G. A. Schellekens, A. van Kammen, and S. C. de Vries. "Tissue and Cell-Specific Expression of Genes Encoding Carrot Extracellular Proteins." In Progress in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, 398–401. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2103-0_60.

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Corson, Gary E., Kenji V. P. Nagashima, Katsumi Matsuura, Yumiko Sakuragi, Ruwanthi Wettasinghe, Hong Qin, Randy Allen, Yie Lane Chen, and David B. Knaff. "Genes Encoding Light-Harvesting, Reaction Center, and Cytochrome Biogenesis Proteins in Chromatium Vinosum." In The Phototrophic Prokaryotes, 165–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4827-0_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Genes encoding deduce proteins"

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Volokhina, I. V., Yu S. Gusev, Ye M. Moiseeva, O. V. Gutorova, and M. I. Chumakov. "Analysis of the expression of maize genes encoding chromatin-modifying proteins." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.276.

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Illarionova, T. V., E. K. Psareva, E. A. Potemkin, and S. A. Ermolaeva. "VARIABILITY OF GENES ENCODING PROTEINS OF THE INTERNALIN CLASS IN LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES STRAINS." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-231.

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Rajput, B., D. Alaimo, A. M. Asselbergs, and E. Reich. "CONSTRUCTION AND EXPRESSION OF HYBRID PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR GENES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644412.

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Hybrid plasminogen activator (PA) genes containing fragments of cDNA encoding the non-catalytic part of tissue-PA and the .catalytic domain of urokinase and vice versa were constructed and expressed in Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The hybrid nature of the products in stably transformed cells was analyzed at the level of DNA and RNA using probes derived from different regions of the urokinase and tissue-PA cDNAs and at the protein level by means of polyclonal antibodies raised against tissue-PA and urokinase. The hybrid genes made hybrid RNAs and proteins of the expected sizes. The proteins were enzymatically active as determined by zymography and chromogenic enzyme assays and this activity was blocked by the appropriate antibodies. The effect on hybrid PAs of cyanogen bromide cleaved fibrinogen fragments, poly-D-lysine and heparin which are known to affect the activity of tissue-PA and urokinase differently was also studied

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Button, L., R. Alnafakh, J. Drury, SB DeCruze, G. Saretzki, M. Adishesh, and D. Hapangama. "P64 Examination of genes encoding telomerase associated proteins suggests a prognostic relevance for NHP2 and NOP10 in endometrial cancer." In ESGO Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-esgo.126.

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Tetsutaro, Hayashi, Naohide Oue, Katsuhiro Anami, Naoya Sakamotro, Kazuhiro Sentani, Shinya Ohara, Jun Teishima, Akio Matsubara, and Wataru Yasui. "Abstract 242: Analyses of novel genes encoding secreted and transmembrane proteins identified by CAST method: CDON is highly expressed in prostate cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-242.

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"Disruptive natural selection by male reproductive potential prevents underexpression of the genes encoding proteins on the human Y chromosome as a self-domestication syndrome." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-053.

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"The overexpression of the Arabidopsis NDB2 gene in tobacco plants affects the expression of genes encoding the alternative mitochondrial electron transport pathways and stress proteins." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-026.

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de Vries, C. J. M., N. K. Veerman, and H. Pannekoek. "ARTIFICIAL EXON SHUFFLING: CONSTRUCTION OF HYBRID cDNAS CONTAINING DOMAINS OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (T-PA) AND UROKINASE (u-PA)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643940.

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The intriguing finding that functions of t-PA coincide with structural domains and that these domains occur in related proteins, has been the basis to construct hybrid proteins by artificial exon shuffling to prove the conservation of functions in the shuffled domains. The heavy chain (Hch) of t-PA mediates both binding to fibrin and stimulation of plasminogen activator activity via its Finger- and Kringle-2 domain, whereas the light chain (Lch) contains the serine protease moiety of the protein. The Hch of u-PA is very homologous to the Lch of t-PA, but exhibits a higher plasminogen activator activity. This activity of u-PA is not stimulated by fibrin. We employed the ‘M13 in vitro outlooping’ technique to fuse the Hch of t-PA cDNA and the Hch of u-PA cDNA, to create two different hybrid cDNAs. On one hybrid cDNA, the t-PA and the u-PA sequences are coupled precisely at the exon-intron boundaries of the corresponding genes, while the other hybrid cDNA lacks a u-PA segment at the junction, encoding 13 amino acids of u-PA. The hybrid cDNAs were transiently expressed in mouse Ltk- cells and the recombinant proteins were characterized. The plasminogen activator activity of these proteins was determined in an indirect amidolytic assay, using plasminogen and the chromogenic substrate S2251. As anticipated, the activity of both t-PA/u-PA hybrid proteins is stimulated by fibrin, however, not to the same extent as t-PA. Remarkably, we found a decreased inhibition of the hybrid proteins by the endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) as compared to t-PA and u-PA, although stable complexes between the hybrid proteins and the inhibitor are formed. We conclude that functions of structural domains are maintained during exon shuffling

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Pannekok, H., A. J. Van Zonneveid, C. J. M. de vries, M. E. MacDonald, H. Veerman, and F. Blasi. "FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DELETION-MUTANTS OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643724.

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Over the past twenty-five years, genetic methods have generated a wealth of information on the regulation and the structure-function relationship of bacterial genes.These methods are based on the introduction of random mutations in a gene to alter its function. Subsequently, genetic techniques cure applied to localize the mutation, while the nature of the impairedfunction could be determined using biochemical methods. Classic examples of this approach is now considered to be the elucidation of the structure and function of genes, constituting the Escherichia coli lactose (lac) and tryptophan (trp) operons,and the detailed establishment of the structure and function of the repressor (lacl) of the lac operon. Recombinant DNA techniques and the development of appropriate expression systems have provided the means both to study structure and functionof eukaryotic (glyco-) proteins and to create defined mutations with a predestinedposition. The rationale for the construction of mutant genes should preferentiallyrely on detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the gene product.Elegant examples are the application of in vitro mutagenesis techniques to substitute amino-acid residues near the catalytic centre of subtilisin, a serine proteasefrom Bacillus species and to substituteanamino acid in the reactive site (i.e. Pi residue; methionine) of α-antitrypsin, a serine protease inhibitor. Such substitutions have resulted into mutant proteins which are less susceptible to oxidation and, in some cases, into mutant proteins with a higher specific activity than the wild-type protein.If no data are available on the ternary structure of a protein, other strategies have to be developed to construct intelligent mutants to study the relation between the structure and the function of a eukaryotic protein. At least for a number of gene families, the gene structure is thought to be created by "exon shuffling", an evolutionary recombinational process to insert an exon or a set of exons which specify an additional structural and/or functional domain into a pre-existing gene. Both the structure of the tissue-type plasminogen activator protein(t-PA) and the t-PA gene suggest that this gene has evolved as a result of exon shuffling. As put forward by Gilbert (Science 228 (1985) 823), the "acid test"to prove the validity of the exon shuffling theory is either to delete, insert or to substitute exon(s) (i.e. in the corresponding cDNA) and toassay the properties of the mutant proteins to demonstrate that an exon or a set of adjacent exons encode (s) an autonomousfunction. Indeed, by the construction of specific deletions in full-length t-PA cDNA and expression of mutant proteins intissue-culture cells, we have shown by this approach that exon 2 of thet-PA gene encodes the function required forsecretion, exon 4 encodes the "finger" domain involved in fibrin binding(presumably on undegraded fibrin) and the set of exons 8 and 9 specifies kringle 2, containing a lysine-binding sit(LBS) which interacts with carboxy-terminal lysines, generated in fibrin after plasmic digestion. Exons 10 through 14 encode the carboxy-ter-minal light chain of t-PA and harbor the catalytic centre of the molecule and represents the predominant "target site" for the fast-acting endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1).As a follow-up of this genetic approach to construct deletion mutants of t-PA, we also created substitution mutants of t-PA. Different mutants were constructed to substitute cDNA encoding thelight chain of t-PA by cDNA encoding the B-chain of urokinase (u-PA), in order to demonstrate that autonomous structural and functional domains of eitherone of the separate molecules are able toexert their intrinsic properties in a different context (C.J.M. de Vries et al., this volume). The possibilities and the limitations of this approach to study the structure and the function of t-PA and of other components of the fibrinolytic process will be outlined.

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Kanthou, C., C. Parker, D. E. Huber, P. Stroobant, V. V. Kakkar, N. Pringle, and W. Richardson. "PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTORA-CHAIN GENE ACTIVATION AND GROWTH FACTOR PRODUCTION BY HUMAN AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643751.

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The many contributory factors leading to the development of cardiovascular disease are currently thought to induce a common pathological change involving smooth muscle cells, which migrate from the vessel wall, proliferate,accumulate at the sites of endothelial cell damage, and then secrete connective tissue proteins and lipids which contribute to the plaque which results in the occlusion of the vessel. According to the recently modified hypothesis of Ross (1), a key event in the development of atheroma may be the abnormal release of a number of growth modulatory polypeptides,including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which can potentially originate from platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes or macrophages, and smooth muscle cells themselves.We have isolated smooth muscle cell lines from 25 samples of human aorta, using digestion with collagenase and elastase. With DNA synthesis and Northern blot techniques, we examined them for both the production of PDGF-like proteins, and for the possible activation of the PDGF A-chain and B-chain genes. Severallines secreted a growth factor and were stillviable after culture for 57 days in serum-free medium. Parallel experiments using Northernblot analysis revealed the activation of the PDGF A-chain gene in all lines examined with no detectable B-chain gene transcripts.These data raise the possibility that vascular damage may activate the gene encoding the A-chain of PDGF in adjacent smooth muscle cells. Such cells might then become capable ofautonomous growth, in an analogous manner tocells transformed by Simian Sarcoma Virus, whose sis oncogene encodes the B-chain of PDGF.

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Reports on the topic "Genes encoding deduce proteins"

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Woloschak, G. E., and Chin-Mei Chang-Liu. Modulation of expression of genes encoding nuclear proteins following exposure to JANUS neutrons or {gamma}-rays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148904.

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Woloschak, G. E., and Chin-Mei Chang-Liu. Modulation of expression of genes encoding nuclear proteins following exposure to JANUS neutrons or {gamma}-rays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10171321.

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