Academic literature on the topic 'Genetic diversity and divergence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Genetic diversity and divergence"
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Vajda, I., and J. Zvárová. "On Genetic Information, Diversity and Distance." Methods of Information in Medicine 45, no. 02 (2006): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634063.
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Summary Objectives: General information-theoretic concepts such as f-divergence, f-information and f-entropy are applied to the genetic models where genes are characterized by randomly distributed alleles. The paper thus presents an information-theoretic background for measuring genetic distances between populations, genetic information in various observations on individuals about their alleles and, finally, genetic diversities in various populations. Methods: Genetic distances were derived as divergences between frequencies of alleles representing a gene in two different populations. Genetic information was derived as a measure of statistical association between the observations taken on individuals and the alleles of these individuals. Genetic diversities were derived from divergences and information. Results: The concept of genetic f-information introduced in the paper seems to be new. We show that the measures of genetic distance and diversity used in the previous literature are special cases of the genetic f-divergence and f-diversity introduced in the paper and illustrated by examples. We also display intimate connections between the genetic f-information and the genetic f-divergence on one side and genetic f-diversity on the other side. The examples at the same time also illustrate practical computations and applications of the important concepts of quantitative genetics introduced in the paper. Conclusions: We discussed a general class of f-divergence measures that are suitable measures of genetic distance between populations characterized by concrete frequencies of alleles. We have shown that a wide class of genetic information, called f-information, can be obtained from f-divergences and that a wide class of measures of genetic diversity, called f-diversities, can be obtained from the f-divergences and f-information.
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GONÇALVES, Viviane Pereira, Francisco Laurimar do Nascimento ANDRADE, Rafaelle Fazzi GOMES, and Lucas da Silva SANTOS. "Genetic diversity in creole genotypes of Amazon chicory." Acta Amazonica 52, no. 2 (April 2022): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202102852.
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ABSTRACT Amazon chicory is still a little-known vegetable despite its great agronomic potential. The characterization of chicory genotypes concerning genetic divergence is a key step for breeding programs, as it allows the selection of superior individuals and to explore the variability and complementarity of characteristics via interbreeding between newly generated genotypes. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Amazon chicory creole genotypes from the northern Brazilian states of Pará and Rondônia based on morpho-agronomic traits. We conducted an experiment in a randomized block design with eight chicory genotypes (treatments) and four replications. Both quantitative and qualitative characteristics were evaluated. Genetic divergence was estimated via squared generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2), considering only quantitative characters, and the genotypes were subsequently clustered via the UPGMA method. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied characteristics, except shoot fresh weight. The UPGMA grouped the genotypes into three clusters, which demonstrated that the genotypes from Colares and Santarém Novo (Pará) (Chic-02 and Chic-04) were the most divergent as compared to the genotypes from Castanhal and Santa Isabel do Pará (Pará). Qualitative characteristics showed a monomorphic behavior and, therefore, were not used to assess genetic divergences. To obtain segregating populations with complementary characteristics, crossbreeding between the two most divergent clusters is recommended.
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MADHUMATHI, C., D. SRINIVASA REDDY, and B. HARI VARA PRASAD. "Genetic diversity in muskmelon (Cucumis melo)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 5 (September 4, 2020): 934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i5.104364.
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The present investigation was carried out during 2014-15 and 2015–16 at Horticultural Research Station, Ananthrajupet, DRYSRHU, Andhra Pradesh to assess the genetic diversity in muskmelon, Cucumis melo. Genetic divergence evaluated using Mahalanobis D2 analysis revealed less to moderate diversity among fourty two genotypes. The cluster analysis of muskmelon exhibited a moderate clustering pattern and grouped genotypes into five distinct clusters with maximum of 37 genotypes in cluster I, two in cluster IV and one in each of cluster II, III and V. The highest inter-cluster distance (80.61) between Cluster III and IV indicating the genotypes of these clusters may give heterotic response and leads to better segregants. Among the morphological traits studied, fruit length (23.69%), pulp thickness (17.07%) and fruit girth (16.84%) contributed major share in the divergence of the genotypes which can be utilized for selection of individual genotypes for future crop improvement programme. Most of the genotypes accommodated into single cluster, probably they may share genetic similarity. The genotypes Papayee S-1, IC 321371, Kundan, Muskan and Arka Jeet, being divergent from others may serve as potential parents for breeding programmes.
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Mariz, Joana, Ricardo Franco-Duarte, Fernanda Cássio, Cláudia Pascoal, and Isabel Fernandes. "Aquatic Hyphomycete Taxonomic Relatedness Translates into Lower Genetic Divergence of the Nitrate Reductase Gene." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121066.
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Aquatic hyphomycetes are key microbial decomposers in freshwater that are capable of producing extracellular enzymes targeting complex molecules of leaf litter, thus, being crucial to nutrient cycling in these ecosystems. These fungi are also able to assimilate nutrients (e.g., nitrogen) from stream water, immobilizing these nutrients in the decomposing leaf litter and increasing its nutritional value for higher trophic levels. Evaluating the aquatic hyphomycete functional genetic diversity is, thus, pivotal to understanding the potential impacts of biodiversity loss on nutrient cycling in freshwater. In this work, the inter- and intraspecific taxonomic (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region) and functional (nitrate reductase gene) diversity of 40 aquatic hyphomycete strains, belonging to 23 species, was evaluated. A positive correlation was found between the taxonomic and nitrate reductase gene divergences. Interestingly, some cases challenged this trend: Dactylella cylindrospora (Orbiliomycetes) and Thelonectria rubi (Sordariomycetes), which were phylogenetically identical but highly divergent regarding the nitrate reductase gene; and Collembolispora barbata (incertae sedis) and Tetracladium apiense (Leotiomycetes), which exhibited moderate taxonomic divergence but no divergence in the nitrate reductase gene. Additionally, Tricladium chaetocladium (Leotiomycetes) strains were phylogenetically identical but displayed a degree of nitrate reductase gene divergence above the average for the interspecific level. Overall, both inter- and intraspecific functional diversity were observed among aquatic hyphomycetes.
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N., Swami Naidu, Ghosh S.K., and Kokkanti Mallikarjuna. "Heterosis in relation to genetic diversity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.2.6.
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In the advent of failure of some transgenics at the field level and concerns due to biosafety and bioethical issues, there much thrust on natural plant genetic diversity as a means of adaptive value. Plant breeding basing on natural genetic diversity has gained momentum along with marker assisted breeding technologies for increased production and sustenance to various kinds of stresses. In the present investigation, divergence classification (DC) – a method devised by Arunachalam and Bandyopadhyay (1984) were used to classify 28 Pearl millet genotypes to draw a limit of parental diversity in expressing maximum heterosis. Mahalanobis D2 (D2 Values) statistic was used to measure the genetic diversity and then the genotypes were classified in to four divergence classes based on mean and standard deviation of all D2 values. According to divergence classification DCI involved most distantly and DCIV the most closely related parents where as DCII and DCIII involved the medium divergent parents. A scoring system was adopted to work out the relative order of importance of the divergence classes. The overall scores for each divergence classes based on the proportion of crosses (q) showing significant heterosis (heterosis over better parent) in desired direction and mean (y) of such crosses for ten characters were carried out to rank the divergence classes. According to the scoring system, the most desirable class would be with the lowest total score. Results clearly showed the superiority of class DCIII followed by DCII, as both the classes received low overall score and maximum number of heterotic cross combinations. In conclusion it can be said that divergence classification appears to be effective in clubbing the pearl millet genotypes for parental diversity and suggested that pearl millet parents with intermediate diversity would be used to produce heterotic cross combination.
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Hood, Glen R., Andrew A. Forbes, Thomas H. Q. Powell, Scott P. Egan, Gabriela Hamerlinck, James J. Smith, and Jeffrey L. Feder. "Sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (October 23, 2015): E5980—E5989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424717112.
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Phenotypic and genetic variation in one species can influence the composition of interacting organisms within communities and across ecosystems. As a result, the divergence of one species may not be an isolated process, as the origin of one taxon could create new niche opportunities for other species to exploit, leading to the genesis of many new taxa in a process termed “sequential divergence.” Here, we test for such a multiplicative effect of sequential divergence in a community of host-specific parasitoid wasps, Diachasma alloeum, Utetes canaliculatus, and Diachasmimorpha mellea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), that attack Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Flies in the R. pomonella species complex radiated by sympatrically shifting and ecologically adapting to new host plants, the most recent example being the apple-infesting host race of R. pomonella formed via a host plant shift from hawthorn-infesting flies within the last 160 y. Using population genetics, field-based behavioral observations, host fruit odor discrimination assays, and analyses of life history timing, we show that the same host-related ecological selection pressures that differentially adapt and reproductively isolate Rhagoletis to their respective host plants (host-associated differences in the timing of adult eclosion, host fruit odor preference and avoidance behaviors, and mating site fidelity) cascade through the ecosystem and induce host-associated genetic divergence for each of the three members of the parasitoid community. Thus, divergent selection at lower trophic levels can potentially multiplicatively and rapidly amplify biodiversity at higher levels on an ecological time scale, which may sequentially contribute to the rich diversity of life.
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Bindroo, Bharat Bhusan, and Shunmugam Manthira Moorthy. "Genetic Divergence, Implication of Diversity, and Conservation of Silkworm, Bombyx mori." International Journal of Biodiversity 2014 (May 13, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/564850.
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Genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides information about the quantum of genetic divergence and serves a platform for specific breeding objectives. It is one of the three forms of biodiversity recognized by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as deserving conservation. Silkworm Bombyx mori, an economically important insect, reported to be domesticated over 5000 years ago by human to meet his requirements. Genetic diversity is a particular concern because greater genetic uniformity in silkworm can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases. Hence, maintenance of genetic diversity is a fundamental component in long-term management strategies for genetic improvement of silkworm which is cultivated by millions of people around the worlds for its lusture silk. In this paper genetic diversity studies carried out in silkworm using divergent methods (quantitative traits and biochemical and molecular markers) and present level of diversity and factors responsible for loss of diversity are discussed.
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ALMEIDA, ADRIANA QUEIROZ DE, SIMONE ALVES SILVA, VANESSA DE OLIVEIRA ALMEIDA, DEOCLIDES RICARDO DE SOUZA, and GILMARA DE MELO ARAÚJO. "GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND MORPHO-AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. CLONES FOR SELECTION OF CLONAL VARIETIES." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 4 (December 2016): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n408rc.
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ABSTRACT The knowledge about genetic diversity of jatropha crop is important for genetic conservation resources and breeding of this species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and performance of jatropha clones through morphological characterization to selection of clonal varieties for biofuels production. The clones were obtained through shoot cuttings from previous selection in a population of half-sibs progenies. The morphoagronomic analyses of clones was carried out at 180 days after transplantation and were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches and number of secondary branches, number of bunches and number of fruits per plant. Evaluating clones performance, significant results were found for the number of secondary branches. About analysis of genetic diversity, the measures of dissimilarity genetic varied from 0.62 to 13.11, this way, the UFRBPR14 and UFRBPR15 clones were more divergent. The Tocher method was efficient to verify formation of four groups. The characteristics that most contributed to the divergence among clones were branches number, height and number of bunches, and, stem diameter had lower contribution. The jatropha clones differed only in the secondary branches number and multivariate analysis showed divergence among the jatropha clones with formation of four groups. Also, branches number, plant height and number of bunches were characteristic that contributed to genetic divergence.
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Hegde, Ramakrishna, and Mohan Varghese. "Genetic divergence analysis in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-jz69n7.
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Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. is one of the important tree species used in modern plantation forestry programme. The genetic divergence analysis helps in assessing the genetic diversity within the species and also provide information for developing breeding plan, establishment of seed orchards and exploitation of heterosis through hybridization. In the present study attempts were made to assess the genetic diversity among the different open pollinated families of E. camaldulensis based on growth parameters at 24 months of age in three different locations.
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Nuryanto, Agus, Dian Baghawati, Kusbiyanto Kusbiyanto, Moh Husein Sastranegara, and Farida Nur Rachmawati. "Molecular Characterization of Anguilla from Cibereum and Sapuregel Rivers Segara Anakan Watersheds Cilacap, Central Java." Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/bio.v8i2.15532.
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The taxonomic status of Anguilla species' in river watershed that empties into Segara Anakan Cilacap is uncertain, thereby making it difficult for further studies to be carried out to determine its genetic in that area. Therefore, this study evaluates Anguilla's taxonomic status and population genetic in Cibeureum and Sapuregel River watersheds. Data were obtained from molecular characterization study using cytochrome c oxidase 1, with fourteen Anguilla specimens collected from two sequenced watersheds. Taxonomic status was determined based on homology and divergence values and monophyly of the samples to the reference species. Meanwhile, genetic divergences among samples to the reference species were calculated based on the Juke-Cantor substitution model in DnaSP6. A homology test was performed using a basic local alignment search tool, with monophyly inferred from the cladogram, which was developed using neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood algorithms in MEGAX with 1000 pseudoreplicates and out-group comparison. Furthermore, population genetic was analyzed through polymorphism, haplotype, nucleotide diversity within the population, divergence, and genetic differences. All calculations conducted in Arlequin 3.5 had Anguilla samples comprising of high (99.23% to 99.84%) to low genetic divergences (0.224% to 1.127%). The result shows that cladogram with all Anguilla samples formed a monophyletic clade with A. bicolor, separated from their taxa. Furthermore, Anguilla samples from both watersheds have low genetic polymorphisms with medium to high haplotype and nucleotide diversity. The population's comparison proved that both populations have low genetic divergence, and no genetic difference based on variance analysis (p=0761). Therefore, Anguilla resources in river watersheds that empty into Segara Anakan are a single genetic conservation unit.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Genetic diversity and divergence"
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Dhami, Kirandeep K. "AMONG-LOCUS HETEROGENEITY IN GENETIC DIVERSITY AND DIVERGENCE IN TWO PAIRS OF DUCK SPECIES (GENUS: ANAS)." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1357230023.
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Ferrer, i. Admetlla Anna. "Human genetic diversity in genes related to host-pathogen interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7163.
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La tesi que teniu a les mans recull quatre treballs amb un objectiu comú; determinar si els patògens (virus, bacteris, paràsits.) han exercit pressions selectives sobre els genomes dels seus hostes (com per exemple els humans).Sabent que la detecció de l'empremta de la selecció permet identificar aquelles regions del genoma que han estat rellevants al llarg de l'evolució d'una espècie, ja que a nivell local és la variació funcional qui acaba essent objecte de la selecció, ens hem disposat a estudiar els possibles senyals de selecció en gens relacionats amb la interacció hoste-patògen. En concret, hem analitzat gens que codifiquen per: a) components del sistema immunitari innat i, b) enzims de glicosilació, la majoria dels quals s'inclouen en quatre de les principals rutes biosintètiques de glicans, en diferents poblacions humanes.
Com a conclusió principal; ambdós conjunts de gens mostren clars senyals de selecció. A més hem vist que segons el context biològic on és troben certs gens és veuen més afectats per l'acció de la selecció natural.
The present thesis includes four studies with a common objective: determining whether pathogens (virus, bacteria, parasites.) have exerted selective pressures on the genome of their hosts (for example, humans).
Detecting signatures of positive selection is a useful tool to identify functionally relevant genomic regions since selection locally shapes the functional variation. Based on this premise, we have studied the possible signatures of selection in genes related to host-pathogen interactions. Specifically, we have analyzed those genes encoding: a) components of the innate immunity response; and ii) glycosylation enzymes most of them involved in four major glycan biosynthesis pathways, in different human populations.
The main conclusion obtained from these studies is that both studied gene categories show clear signatures of selection. Moreover, we have determined that according to their biological context certain genes are more prone to the action of selection.
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Redondo, Mariana Letícia Costa. "Caracterização molecular por AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) de acessos de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-03102011-094124/.
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O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma planta versátil e com diversos usos potenciais em especial para produção de biodiesel. O óleo obtido de suas sementes é seu produto mais rentável e atualmente desperta grande interesse econômico em diversos setores. A caracterização molecular e a avaliação do potencial reprodutivo dos acessos de pinhão-manso são aspectos ainda pouco abordados no Brasil, sendo necessária a caracterização de acessos brasileiros e suas potencialidades. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram analisar a diversidade genética e a divergência genética em acessos comerciais de pinhão-manso, coletados no estado de São Paulo (Alvinlândia, Lins, Itatinga e Jales), Minas Gerais (Janaúba) e Mato Grosso do Sul (Dourados). Primeiramente, foram comparadas as técnicas de RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), RAPD-RFLP (Restrinction Fragment Length Polymorphism a partir do RAPD) e AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), quanto à potencialidade de detectar polimorfismos dentro dos acessos e entre os acessos. Posteriormente, os acessos foram caracterizados através de AFLP. Além disso, este trabalho visou detectar se há diferença nas estruturas e no desenvolvimento floral e na taxa de viabilidade polínica dos acessos de São Paulo (Alvinlândia), Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso do Sul. Nessa parte do estudo, foram analisadas e identificadas as estruturas dos órgãos florais e do grão de pólen através das técnicas de microscopia de luz, eletrônica de varredura e transmissão. Na comparação entre as técnicas moleculares, apenas AFLP permitiu a detecção de polimorfismos, com base em um acesso escolhido para os testes (Alvinlândia, SP). As análises de todos acessos através de AFLP mostraram considerável polimorfismo, que foi refletido nas estimativas de diversidade genética de Nei e Índice de Shannon. Na análise de agrupamento, as amostras de cada acesso foram agrupadas coerentemente. Os acessos de Dourados e de Itatinga formaram um grupo separado, apresentando cerca de 76% de similaridade com o segundo grupo (Alvinlândia, Jales, Lins, Janaúba). Dentro deste último, os acessos de São Paulo ficaram agrupados (com cerca de 84% de similaridade), enquanto que Janaúba mostrou-se separado, com 82% de similaridade genética. Estes resultados indicam que os acessos de São Paulo provavelmente tenham origem a partir de Janaúba. No entanto, Itatinga provavelmente tenha origem a partir de Dourados. Quanto à morfologia floral, não foi observada nenhuma diferença a nível microscópico na formação e nas estruturas dos órgãos florais. Quando comparada a viabilidade polínica entre os dois acessos coletados em campo (Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso do Sul), notou-se que há diferença significativa na taxa de viabilidade, mesmo os valores sendo muito próximos (Mato Grosso do Sul - 81,91% e Minas Gerais - 77,20%), mostra que tanto os acessos de Minas Gerais como os de Mato Grosso do Sul podem ser utilizados como parentais masculinos em programas de melhoramento genético. A divergência genética moderada e a baixa variabilidade morfológica sugerem que coletas de materiais em poucos locais poderiam representar a diversidade genética da espécie. Estudos mais aprofundados, empregando técnicas como de microssatélites e mais acessos, são 11 necessários para o conhecimento da diversidade e estrutura genética do pinhão-manso no BrasilPhysic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is a very versatile plant with several potential uses especially for the production of biodiesel. The oil obtained from its seeds is the most profitable product of this specie and it is currently attracting great interest in various economic sectors. Molecular characterization and evaluation of reproductive potential of the accessions of pysic nut have still little attention in Brazil, it still need the characterization of Brazilian accessions and its potenciality. The ains of this study were: to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic divergence in commercial accessions of physic nut, from the States of São Paulo (Alvinlândia, Lins, Jales and Itatinga), Minas Gerais (Janaúba)and Mato Grosso do Sul (Dourados). Firstly we compared the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) RAPD-RFLP (Fragment Length Polymorphism Restriction from RAPD) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymprphism) regarding the potencial to detect polymorphism within the accessions and among accessions. Subsequently, the accessions were characterized by AFLP. Moreover this work aimed to detect whether there are differenced on flower structures and development and the rate of pollen viability on the accessions of São Paulo (Alvinlândia), Minas Gerias and Mato Grosso do Sul. On this part of the study were analysed and identified the structures of the floral organs and pollen grain through the techniques of, light microscopy, scanning electron and transmission microscopy. Comparing the molecular techniques, only AFLP allowed the detection of polymorphisms based on the accession chosen for testing (Alvinlândia, SP). Analyses of all accesses by AFLP showed considerable polymorphism, wich was reflected in estimates of genetic diversity index of Nei and Shannon. In cluster analysis, samples of each accessions were grouped consistently. The accessions of Dourados and Itatinga formed a separated group, with approximately 76% similarity with the second group (Alvinlândia, Jales, Lins, Janaúba). Within the last, accessions of São Paulo werte grouped (about 84% similarity), while Janaúba showed p separately, with 82% of genetic similarity. These results indicates that the accessions of São Paulo probably originates from Janaúba. However Itatinga probably originates from Dourados. As floral morphology, we observed no difference at microscope level on the formation and on the structures of floral organs. When compared the pollen grain viability between the two accessions collected in the field (Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso do Sul), it was noted that the viability rated were significantly different, even though the values being very close (Mato Grosso do Sul Minas Gerais 81,91% - 77,20%), shows that both the accessions of Minas Gerais as the Mato Grosso do Sul can be used as male parental in breeding programs. The moderate and low genetic divergence suggests that morphological variability collections of materials in a few locations could represent the genetis diversity of the species. Further studies employing techniques such as microsatellite and more accessions are required for an understanding of diversity and genetic structure of physic nut in Brazil
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Souza, Ueric José Borges de. "Variabilidade genética em espécies de plantas do cerrado: uma avaliação cienciométrica e meta-analítica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6507.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Cerrado biome of Brazil originally occupied approximately 2 million km2 of the country. It is formed by a heterogeneous mosaic of distinct habitats and has the richest flora of the savanas of the world, with high diversity at level of genera and families. It is also currently classified as a priority for conservation because of its rich biodiversity and simultaneous high level on threat due to the destruction of natural habitats resulting from anthropogenic activities. The advent of molecular biology techniques has allowed direct access to the genetic variability of species and populations and made it possible to infer the genetic variability within and among populations, increasing the interest in studying genetic diversity and structure in plant species population of the Cerrado biome. It was conducted here an exhaustive survey of scientific platforms such as the Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo and Google Scholar, to carry out an analysis of published papers evaluating the genetic variability within and among populations in plant species from the Cerrado biome, and to quantify and describe aspects of scientific production in the field of population genetics to plant species from the Cerrado using a scientometric approach, and using a meta-analytic approach to evaluate genetic variability, it was collected some of the genetic parameters estimated in the studies (observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities and the F statistics of Wright (FIS; FST or analogs)) to test the effect of this genetic parameters in some life history and ecological traits of the species and in methodological characteristics of the article. It was obtained 176 publications from 45 journals through the period of 1999-2012 and the number of studies published has increased significantly through this period. The journal “Genetics and Molecular Research” published the highest number of papers. Ninety-six species from 32 plant families were studied, with highest numbers from the family Fabaceae. Although the species comprised a wide sample of plants with different characteristics, trees, shrubs and herbs were the main life forms and “Mata de galeria”, “cerrado” and “cerradão” were the main fitofisionomies studied. The molecular markers used included microsatellites, cpDNA, isoenzymes, RAPDs, AFLPs and ISSRs and the Microsatellites were the most popular marker used and also show the highest mean value from the genetic variability within populations when compared across studies. It was observed that population genetics parameters molecular derived from molecular markers are closely associated with some life history traits and ecological traits of the species and with methodological characteristics of the article. The analyses allows a better understanding of the current knowledge on plant population genetics in Cerrado biome and the association with the population genetics parameters and some ecological, life history and methodological traits has considerable importance and may be useful to guide future research programs in this system with potential to produce information with important implications in evolutionary biology and ecology as well as in conservation biology
O bioma Cerrado ocupa aproximadamente 2 milhões km2 do Brasil. É formado por um mosaico heterogêneo de tipos de vegetação e tem a mais rica flora entre as savanas do mundo, com alta diversidade em nível de gêneros e famílias. Atualmente tem sido classificado como prioridade em programas de conservação devido à sua rica biodiversidade e perda de habitats naturais resultantes das atividades antropogênicas. Com o advento de técnicas moleculares, tornou-se possível o acesso direto da variabilidade genética das espécies e do modo como essa variabilidade genética se encontra distribuida dentro e entre populações, aumentando assim o interesse em estudar a diversidade genética e estrutura populacional de espécies de plantas do bioma Cerrado. Foi conduzida uma busca usando as bases de dados “Web of Science”, “Scopus”, “Scielo” e “Google Scholar” com o objetivo de realizar uma análise dos artigos publicados que avaliaram a variabilidade genética dentro e entre populações de espécies de plantas do bioma Cerrado, de modo a quantificar e descrever aspectos da produção científica na área de genética de populacões para espécies de plantas do Cerrado utilizando uma abordagem cienciométrica, e utilizando uma abordagem meta-analítica foi coletado alguns dos parâmetros genéticos estimados nos estudos (heterozigosidade esperada (HE) e observada (HO) e as estatísticas F de Wright (FIS (coeficiente de endogamia); FST ou análogos)) para testar o efeito destes parâmetros genéticos em caracteristicas ecológicas e de história de vida das espécies, bem como para características metodológicas extraídas dos artigos. A busca na base de dados resultou em um total de 176 publicações de 45 periódicos durante o período de 1999-2012 e o número de estudos publicados tem aumentado significativamente durante este período. A revista Genetics and Molecular Research apresentou o maior número de artigos publicados. Noventa e seis espécies, envolvendo 32 famílias botânicas foram estudadas, sendo Fabaceae representada pelo maior número de espécies. Diferentes características entre as espécies estudadas foi observado, sendo árvores, arbusto e ervas as principais forma de vida e mata de galeria, cerrado e cerradão os principais tipos fitofisionômicos das espécies. Diferentes tipos de marcadores moleculares, incluindo microssatélites, cpDNA, isoenzimas, RAPDs, AFLPs e ISSRs foram utilizados, sendo os microssatélites o marcador mais frequentemente usado, e também o com o maior valor médio para os parâmetros de variabilidade genética dentro de populações quando comparados entre os estudos. Foi observado que os parâmetros estimados nos estudos de genética de populações obtidos via marcadores moleculares estão relacionados com características ecológicas e de história de vida das espécies e com características metodologicas das publicações. A análise permitiu uma melhor compreensão atual sobre a genética de populações de plantas do bioma Cerrado e a associação encontrada entre parâmetros genético-populacionais e diferentes características das espécies tem importância no sentido de orientar pesquisas futuras, com potencial para produzir informações com implicações importantes para ecologia, biologia evolutiva e biologia da conservação.
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Carvalho, Tiago Loureiro de 1987. "Tandem repeat variation in human and great ape populations and its impact on gene expression divergence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383060.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic variation in humans and the great apes has been amply explored using a wide variety of markers, among them tandem repeats (TRs). Because of the nature of TRs, highly variable in length due to its high mutation rate, they are an important source of genetic variation, and thus especially informative in fields such as population and conservation genetics. Particularly, they are still often used to illuminate natural populations complex evolutionary histories and structure.
TR variation is also associated with several pathological conditions, and hypothesized to have an important role in the evolution of gene regulation.
In this work a recently developed TR genotyping algorithm was applied on human and nonhuman great apes whole-genome sequencing data. The analysis of the TR variation indicate that this information is useful to describe fine scale population variation, and hints at a substantial contribution of TRs to gene expression divergence during great apes evolution.La variación genética en los seres humanos y grandes simios ha sido ampliamente explorada usando una gran variedad de marcadores, entre ellos repeticiones en tándem (RT). Debido a la naturaleza de las RT, muy variables en longitud debido a su alta tasa de mutación, estas constituyen una importante fuente de variación genética, y por lo tanto altamente informativas en áreas como la genética de poblaciones y de la conservación. En particular, a menudo aún se utilizan para elucidar las complejas historias evolutivas de las poblaciones naturales y su estructura genética. La variación de RT está también asociada con varias enfermedads, y se cree que desempeña un papel importante en la evolución de la regulación génica. En este trabajo un algoritmo desarrollado recientemente que genotipa RT a nivel de todo el genoma, se aplicó sobre datos de secuenciación de genomas humanos y de grandes simios. El análisis de la variació de RT sugiere que esta información es útil para describir la variación en poblaciones, y alude a una aportación sustancial de las RT a la divergencia de expresión génica durante la evolución de los grandes simios.
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Montaigne, William. "Diversité génétique et adaptation au milieu chez les arbres forestiers tropicaux : étude chez le genre Virola (Myristicaceae)." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0480/document.
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Le maintien de ressources génétiques suffisamment larges est nécessaire pour assurer la viabilité et le potentiel évolutif des populations naturelles. Cette thèse a le principal objectif de caractériser la diversité et la variabilité génétique chez le genre Virola (Myristicaceae) pour décrire les processus évolutifs qui en sont à l'origine. Premièrement,une étude de la régénération d'un échantillonnage exhaustif de V. michelii a été menée dans une parcelle du dispositif expérimental de Paracou ayant subi une exploitation forestière de faible intensité et comparée à une parcelle témoin. La diversité génétique mesurée à partir de marqueurs AFLP (Amplified Fragment-Length Polymorphism, N=229) en zones perturbées s'est révélée être plis grande qu'en zone non-perturbées. Puis, l'adaptation locale a été étudiée à travers ces mêmes individus et certains loci (AFLP) montrent une sélection divergente pour des environnements contrastés, indiquant un signe d'adaptation. Enfin, l'étude des niveaux de divergence génétique chez trois espèces de Virola du bouclier guyanais (V. michelii, V. surinamensis et V. kwatae) montrent que deux d'entre elles (V. surinamensis et V. kwatae) montrent de fortes similarités génétiques malgré leur distribution sur des environnements contrastés. des Flux de gènes intersécifiques ont été mis en évidence chez ces deux espèces-soeurs et l'hypothèse d'une spéciation écologique est avancée. Ce travail a permis d'aborder différents processus évolutifs à l'origine de la diversité génétique actuelle chez ces espèces forestières tropicales et peut fournir une contribution pour appréhender le devenir des populationsGenetic diversity is an essential component of biodiversity. The maintenance of sufficient genetic resources is needed to ensure the adaptive potential and the viability of natural populations. In the current context of global changes, the study of adaptation in living organisms is a key task, particularly for tropical forest trees that are dominant components (in terms of biomass and as ecological drivers) of some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize genetic diversity and genetic variability to understand the evolutionary processes that act on them. This ecological-genetic study was carried out at the interspecific and intraspecific level in the Virola genus.If overall high levels of genetic diversity are a guarantee of prosperity for the future of the species, it seems essential to perform studies on the impact of environmental disturbance on genetic diversity. In the first section, the genetic consequences of regeneration dynamics were studied in an exhaustive sample of V. michelii in a low-intensity logging plot and in a control plot at the Paracou experimental site. A greater genetic diversity, measured from AFLP markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, N = 229), was found in perturbed areas. Because studying genetic diversity within species may be useful for understanding species adaptation to environmental changes, in the second section. I studied local adaptation in a population of V. michelii on the Paracou experimental site. A genome scan approach with AFLPs (N = 229) was conducted on 77 adult individuals and 401 juveniles to identify genetic differences between populations associated to contrasting conditions for an array of environmental variables. Some loci (N = 2) were found to be subject to divergent selection, indicating adaptation to contrasting habitats.In the third section, the study of levels of genetic divergence in three Virola species of the Guiana Shield (V. michelii, V. surinamensis and V. kwatae) was investigated for nuclear and chloroplast molecular markers. V. surinamensis and V. kwatae showed strong genetic similarities despite their contrasting habitats preferences. Coalescent analyses have revealed, on one hand, a recent divergence between these two species suggesting an ecological speciation, and one the other hand that interspecific gene flow occurs between these sister-species.This work focuses on understanding evolutionary processes shaping genetic diversity and provides a useful contribution for biodiversity conservation programs
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Barry, Pierre. "Rôles des contraintes génomiques et des traits d'histoire de vie dans la spéciation : une approche de génomique comparative." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG007.
Full textAbstract:
La spéciation est le processus évolutif au cours duquel une espèce se scinde en deux lignées qui divergent en accumulant des barrières reproductives, jusqu'à l’acquisition d’un isolement reproductif total. Durant ce processus, les lignées divergentes peuvent toujours s’échanger des gènes par hybridation, mais le flux génique est progressivement limité par l’accumulation des barrières. Il en résulte une semi-perméabilité des génomes, où certains locus s’échangent librement entre lignées et restent indifférenciés tandis que d’autres n’introgressent pas, contribuant ainsi à l’établissement de régions génomiques divergentes, appelées îlots génomiques de spéciation. L'étude de l’établissement, l’accumulation, l’érosion et la maintenance de ces barrières et de leurs effets sur la semiperméabilité des génomes de lignées en cours de spéciation permet de comprendre comment de nouvelles espèces se forment. L'avènement des techniques de séquençage à haut débit a permis de caractériser le paysage génomique de divergence chez de multiples lignées en cours de spéciation à travers l’arbre du vivant. Ces études ont permis de mesurer l’influence de l’histoire démographique et de l’architecture génomique comme déterminants majeurs du paysage génomique de divergence. Toutefois, d'autres facteurs pourraient intervenir et expliquer la diversité des trajectoires évolutives pouvant conduire ou non à la spéciation. Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer l'impact des traits d'histoire de vie des espèces sur la spéciation. Nous avons choisi d’étudier 20 espèces de poissons marins subdivisées en deux lignées (Atlantique et Méditerranéenne), et présentant une large diversité de niveaux de divergence et de traits d’histoire de vie. Dans le premier chapitre, nous avons étudié les déterminants de la diversité génétique, substrat sur lequel s’établit la divergence lors de la séparation initiale des lignées. Nous avons observé que la longévité adulte des po issons marins est corrélée négativement à la diversité génétique, et nous avons démontré que cette relation pouvait s’expliquer par une plus grande variance du succès reproducteur chez les espèces longévives à cause de stratégies reproductives particulières aux poissons marins (forte mortalité juvénile, faible mortalité adulte et augmentation de la fécondité avec l’âge). Puis, dans un second chapitre, nous avons détecté une grande diversité d’histoires évolutives entre espèces, caractérisée par un fort gradient de divergence génétique entre lignées atlantiques et méditerranéennes. Ce gradient reflète en partie le niveau de semi-perméabilité des génomes. Les espèces à faible différentiation présentent un isolement reproductif faible, alors que les espèces les plus fortement différenciées montrent un isolement reproductif quasi-complet. Les traits d’histoire de vie des espèces expliquent en partie cette diversité de niveaux d’isolement via différents mécanismes. La durée de vie larvai re influence négativement la différenciation génétique en modulant les capacités de dispersion, l’effet de la taille du corps indique un effet négatif de l’abondance long-terme sur la divergence, et la longévité semble impacter le nombre de générations écoulées depuis la séparation ancestrale. En conclusion, les 20 espèces étudiées présentent une variabilité surprenante d’histoires évolutives au regard des similitudes de leur histoire biogéographique et leur architecture génomique. Les relations entre traits d’histoire de vie et histoire évolutive des espèces sont complexes, mais nous avons pu éclairer certaines d’entre elles en décomposant l’implication des traits dans les différentes étapes de la spéciation. L’application de l’approche de génomique comparative développée au cours de cette thèse dans d’autres zones de suture permettra d’étendre nos connaissances des déterminants du tempo et du mode de la spéciationSpeciation is the evolutionary process through which a species splits into two lineages that diverge and accumulate reproductive barriers, until complete reproductive isolation is achieved. During this process, the diverging lineages can still exchange genes by hybridisation, but gene flow is progressively restricted by the accumulation of barriers. This results in semi-permeable genomes, whereby some loci exchange freely between lineages and remain undifferentiated while others do not introgress, thus contributing to the establishment of divergent genomic regions, called genomic islands of speciation. The study of the establishment, accumulation, erosion and maintenance of these barriers and their effects on the semipermeability of the genomes of lineages undergoing speciation helps to understand how new species are formed. The advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques has made it possible to characterise the genomic landscape of divergence in multiple lineages undergoing speciation across the tree of life. These studies have shown the influence of the demographic history and genomic architecture as major determinants of the genomic landscape of divergence. However, other factors could intervene and explain the diversity of evolutionary trajectories that may or may not lead to speciation. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the impact of species' life history traits on speciation. We have chosen to study 20 marine fish species subdivided into two lineages (Atlantic and Mediterranean), and presenting a wide diversity of degrees of divergence and life history traits. These traits are thought to impact on the intensity of genetic drift, dispersal abilities and generation time of the species. In the first chapter, we studied the determinants of genetic diversity, the substrate on which divergence is built during the initial separation of lineages. We observed that adult longevity of marine fishes is negatively correlated w ith genetic diversity, and we demonstrated that this relationship could be explained by a greater variance in reproductive success in long-lived species due to reproductive strategies specific to marine fishes (high juvenile mortality, low adult mortality and increased fecundity with age). Then, in a second chapter, we discovered a great diversity of evolutionary histories between species, characterised by a strong gradient of genetic divergence between Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages. This gradient partly reflects the level of semi-permeability of the genomes. Species with low differentiation show low reproductive isolation, whereas the most highly differentiated species show almost complete reproductive isolation. Species' life history traits partly explain this diversity in isolation levels via different mechanisms. Larval duration negatively influences genetic differentiation by modulating dispersal capacities, the effect of body size indicates a negative effect of long-term abundance on divergence, while longevity seems to impact the number of generations elapsed since ancestral separation. In conclusion, the 20 species studied show a surprising variability of evolutionary histories considering the similarities of their biogeographic history and genomic architecture. The relationships between life-history traits and the evolutionary history of the species proved to be complex, but we were nevertheless able to shed light on some of them by decomposing the involvement of traits in the different stages of speciation. The application of the comparative genomics approach developed in this thesis to other suture zones will further extend our knowledge of the determinants of the tempo and mode of speciation
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Ghaleb, Wagdi. "Analyse de la diversité génétique de la réponse germinative à la température de populations de Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb et Dactylis glomerata L." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2273.
Full textAbstract:
La germination des graines est une étape importante dans le cycle biologique de la plante, car elle affecte le développement, la survie et la dynamique des populations de semis. La germination commence par l'absorption de l'eau par la graine et se termine par l'allongement de l'axe embryonnaire en dehors du tégument.Elle est influencée par des facteurs environnementaux et le patrimoine génétique de la graine. La température est l'une des factures les plus importants, car elle régule la germination de trois façons: en déterminant la capacité germinative et la vitesse de germination, en enlevant la dormance primaire et/ou secondaire, et en induisant la dormance secondaire.L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyse de la diversité génétique de la réponse germinative à la température de populations de Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundincea Schreb et Dactylis glomerata L.Dans cette étude, nous avons distingué différents types de réponses à la température, ce qui indique que de la diversité génétique existe entre les lots de chaque espèce. Ces différences dans les réponses, aux températures constantes entre 5 et 32 °C, ont été observées au niveau du pourcentage de germination maximale, de la vitesse de germination (α), lu temps de début de germination (tc) et du temps nécessaire pour attendre 95 % de germination finale (t95%). Des sélections divergentes ont été réalisées sur la capacité à germer à des températures non optimales chez des populations de Lolium perenne L. Sur une population issue de la région de Reims, il ressort un effet important de la sélection pour la capacité à germer à 10 °C qui pourrait être expliqué par la présence d'un gène majeur dominant de dormance des graines à faible température, en ségrégation au sein de la population.La comparaison des fréquences alléliques pour de nombreux marqueurs répartis sur le génome entre les individus germant et ceux ne germant pas à différentes températures a permis d'identifier de nombreux gènes potentiellement impliqués dans la capacité des individus à germer à ces températures. L'effet de ces gènes reste à être validé, par exemple par des études d'expression ou par l'étude de populations crées par sélection pour porter des allèles contrastésSeed germination is an important step in the plant's life cycle, affecting the development, survival and dynamics of seedling populations. Germination begins with the absorption of water by the seed and ends with the elongation of the embryonic axis outside the integument.It is influenced by environmental factors and the genetic heritage of the seed. Temperature is one of the most important factors, which regulates germination in three ways: by determining germination capacity and germination rate, by removing primary and/or secondary dormancy, and by inducing secondary dormancy.The objective of this work is to analyze the genetic diversity of the germinative response to temperature of populations of Lolium perenne L, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, and Dactylis glomerata L.In this study, we distinguished different types of temperature responses, indicating that genetic diversity exists between lots of each species. In this study, we distinguished different types of responses to temperature, indicating that genetic diversity exists between lots of each species. These differences in responses, at constant temperatures between 5 and 32°C, were observed in terms of maximum germination percentage, germination rate (α), germination start time (tc) and time required to reach 95 % of final germination (t95%).Divergent selections were made on the capacity to germinate at sub-optimal temperatures in populations of Lolium perenne L. In a population from the Reims region, there is an important effect of selection for the capacity to germinate at 10 °C, which could be explained by the presence of a major dominant gene for seed dormancy at low-temperature, in segregated within the population. The comparison of allelic frequencies for many markers distributed over the genome between individuals germinating and those not germinating at different temperatures has identified many genes potentially involved in the ability of individuals to germinate at these temperatures. The effect of these genes has yet to be validated, for example by expression studies or by the study of populations created by selection to carry contrasting alleles
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Mason, Deborah J. "Genetic divergence in the C.biguttulus group (Orthoptera : Acridiae)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306507.
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Shields, Christopher C. "Nudibranchs of the Ross Sea, Antarctica phylogeny, diversity, and divergence /." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1252937231/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Genetic diversity and divergence"
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Toeppe, Katharina, Hui Yan, and Samuel Kai Wah Chu, eds. Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71292-1.
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Toeppe, Katharina, Hui Yan, and Samuel Kai Wah Chu, eds. Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71305-8.
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L, Mahoney Conner, and Springer Douglas A, eds. Genetic diversity. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
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Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ed. Domestic tourism in Asia: Diversity and divergence. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2011.
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Caliskan, Mahmut. Genetic diversity in microorganisms. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012.
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Project, California Agricultural Lands, ed. Biotechnology and genetic diversity. San Francisco, CA: California Agricultural Lands Project, 1985.
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Amaya, Julian A. Cervantes, and Miguel M. Franco Jimenez. Genetic diversity: New research. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2011.
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Holland, John J., ed. Genetic Diversity of RNA Viruses. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77011-1.
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Nandwani, Dilip, ed. Genetic Diversity in Horticultural Plants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96454-6.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Genetic diversity and divergence"
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Jüttner, Michael, and Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca. "A Comparative Perspective on Ribosome Biogenesis: Unity and Diversity Across the Tree of Life." In Ribosome Biogenesis, 3–22. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractRibosomes are universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in the decoding of the genetic information contained in messenger RNAs into proteins. Accordingly, ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental cellular process required for functional ribosome homeostasis and to preserve satisfactory gene expression capability.Although the ribosome is universally conserved, its biogenesis shows an intriguing degree of variability across the tree of life. These differences also raise yet unresolved questions. Among them are (a) what are, if existing, the remaining ancestral common principles of ribosome biogenesis; (b) what are the molecular impacts of the evolution history and how did they contribute to (re)shape the ribosome biogenesis pathway across the tree of life; (c) what is the extent of functional divergence and/or convergence (functional mimicry), and in the latter case (if existing) what is the molecular basis; (d) considering the universal ribosome conservation, what is the capability of functional plasticity and cellular adaptation of the ribosome biogenesis pathway?In this review, we provide a brief overview of ribosome biogenesis across the tree of life and try to illustrate some potential and/or emerging answers to these unresolved questions.
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Shiue, Hilary Szu Yin, Cooper T. Clarke, Miranda Shaw, Kelly M. Hoffman, and Katrina Fenlon. "Assessing Legacy Collections for Scientific Data Rescue." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 308–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71305-8_25.
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Tang, Xuli, Xin Li, Ying Ding, and Feicheng Ma. "Understanding Team Collaboration in Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Geographic Distance." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 14–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71292-1_2.
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Jaiswal, Ajay, Meijun Liu, and Ying Ding. "Understanding Parachuting Collaboration." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 183–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71292-1_16.
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Albahlal, Bader. "An Examination of Factors Influencing Government Employees to Adopt and Use Social Media." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 421–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71292-1_32.
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Fergencs, Tamás, and Florian Meier. "Engagement and Usability of Conversational Search – A Study of a Medical Resource Center Chatbot." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 328–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71292-1_26.
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Palmer, Chelsea K., Chris Rowell, and Victoria L. Lemieux. "Multidisciplinary Blockchain Research and Design: A Case Study in Moving from Theory to Pedagogy to Practice." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 587–602. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71292-1_46.
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McMenemy, David. "No Longer “Neutral Among Ends” – Liberal Versus Communitarian Ethics in Library and Information Science." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 207–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71305-8_16.
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Zhu, Xiaohua, Christy Thomas, Jenny C. Moore, and Summer Allen. "Open Government Data Licensing: An Analysis of the U.S. State Open Government Data Portals." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 260–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71305-8_21.
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Lee, Myeong, Mark Edwin Peterson, Tammy Dam, Bezawit Challa, and Priscilla Robinson. "Multi-generational Stories of Urban Renewal: Preliminary Interviews for Map-Based Storytelling." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 319–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71305-8_26.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Genetic diversity and divergence"
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Strzeżek, Anna, Ludwik Trammer, and Marcin Sydow. "DiverGene: Experiments on Controlling Population Diversity in Genetic Algorithm with a Dispersion Operator." In 2015 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2015f411.
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McGowan, Christopher, Alexander Wild, and Barry Porter. "Experiments in genetic divergence for emergent systems." In ICSE '18: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3194810.3194813.
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Gravina, Daniele, Antonios Liapis, and Georgios N. Yannakakis. "Exploring divergence in soft robot evolution." In GECCO '17: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3067695.3076072.
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Gravina, Daniele, Antonios Liapis, and Georgios N. Yannakakis. "Coupling novelty and surprise for evolutionary divergence." In GECCO '17: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3071178.3071179.
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WANG, WILLIAM S. Y. "HUMAN DIVERSITY AND LANGUAGE DIVERSITY." In Genetic, Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on Human Diversity in Southeast Asia. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810847_0002.
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Pierrot, Thomas, Valentin Macé, Felix Chalumeau, Arthur Flajolet, Geoffrey Cideron, Karim Beguir, Antoine Cully, Olivier Sigaud, and Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert. "Diversity policy gradient for sample efficient quality-diversity optimization." In GECCO '22: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528845.
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Fieldsend, Jonathan E., and Alberto Moraglio. "Strength Through Diversity." In GECCO '15: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754643.
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Cully, Antoine, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, and Stéphane Doncieux. "Quality-diversity optimisation." In GECCO '20: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3389852.
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Cully, Antoine, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, and Stéphane Doncieux. "Quality-diversity optimisation." In GECCO '21: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3449726.3461403.
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Cully, Antoine, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, and Stéphane Doncieux. "Quality-diversity optimisation." In GECCO '22: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3520304.3533637.
Full textReports on the topic "Genetic diversity and divergence"
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Shannon Bayliss, Shannon Bayliss. Can genetic diversity preserve a friendship? Experiment, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1855.
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Akbulut, Mustafa, Mehmet Polat, Sezai Ercisli, and Karim Sorkheh. Genetic Diversity of Prunus angustifolia Accessions. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.10.07.
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Knowlton, Nancy. Genetic Diversity and Stability of Coral - Algal Symbiosis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361549.
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Ashraf, Quamrul, and Oded Galor. Genetic Diversity and the Origins of Cultural Fragmentation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18738.
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Malek Al-Marayati, Malek Al-Marayati. Genetic diversity across the Atlantic in a red seaweed. Experiment, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/10700.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Genetic resource policies what is diversity worth to farmers? Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/ifpriragbriefs13-18.
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Fluhr, Robert, and Volker Brendel. Harnessing the genetic diversity engendered by alternative gene splicing. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696517.bard.
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Our original objectives were to assess the unexplored dimension of alternative splicing as a source of genetic variation. In particular, we sought to initially establish an alternative splicing database for Arabidopsis, the only plant for which a near-complete genome has been assembled. Our goal was to then use the database, in part, to advance plant gene prediction programs that are currently a limiting factor in annotating genomic sequence data and thus will facilitate the exploitation of the ever increasing quantity of raw genomic data accumulating for plants. Additionally, the database was to be used to generate probes for establishing high-throughput alternative transcriptome analysis in the form of a splicing-specific oligonucleotide microarray. We achieved the first goal and established a database and web site termed Alternative Splicing In Plants (ASIP, http://www.plantgdb.org/ASIP/). We also thoroughly reviewed the extent of alternative splicing in plants (Arabidopsis and rice) and proposed mechanisms for transcript processing. We noted that the repertoire of plant alternative splicing differs from that encountered in animals. For example, intron retention turned out to be the major type. This surprising development was proven by direct RNA isolation techniques. We further analyzed EST databases available from many plants and developed a process to assess their alternative splicing rate. Our results show that the lager genome-sized plant species have enhanced rates of alternative splicing. We did advance gene prediction accuracy in plants by incorporating scoring for non-canonical introns. Our data and programs are now being used in the continuing annotation of plant genomes of agronomic importance, including corn, soybean, and tomato. Based on the gene annotation data developed in the early part of the project, it turned out that specific probes for different exons could not be scaled up to a large array because no uniform hybridization conditions could be found. Therefore, we modified our original objective to design and produce an oligonucleotide microarray for probing alternative splicing and realized that it may be reasonable to investigate the extent of alternative splicing using novel commercial whole genome arrays. This possibility was directly examined by establishing algorithms for the analysis of such arrays. The predictive value of the algorithms was then shown by isolation and verification of alternative splicing predictions from the published whole genome array databases. The BARD-funded work provides a significant advance in understanding the extent and possible roles of alternative splicing in plants as well as a foundation for advances in computational gene prediction.
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Davison, Patricia, Michael G. Kaiser, Susan J. Lamont, and Charles F. Curtiss. Genetic Diversity of the Antiviral Mx Gene in 14 Chicken Lines. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-766.
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Miller, D. j., G. Rana, and S. R. Craig. Conservation and Management of Yak Genetic Diversity; Proceedings of a Workshop. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.227.
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Michelmore, Richard, Eviatar Nevo, Abraham Korol, and Tzion Fahima. Genetic Diversity at Resistance Gene Clusters in Wild Populations of Lactuca. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573075.bard.
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Genetic resistance is often the least expensive, most effective, and ecologically-sound method of disease control. It is becoming apparent that plant genomes contain large numbers of disease resistance genes. However, the numbers of different resistance specificities within a genepool and the genetic mechanisms generating diversity are poorly understood. Our objectives were to characterize diversity in clusters of resistance genes in wild progenitors of cultivated lettuce in Israel and California in comparison to diversity within cultivated lettuce, and to determine the extent of gene flow, recombination, and genetic instability in generating variation within clusters of resistance genes. Genetic diversity of resistance genes was analyzed in wild and cultivated germplasm using molecular markers derived from lettuce resistance gene sequences of the NBS-LRR type that mapped to the major cluster if resistance genes in lettuce (Sicard et al. 1999). Three molecular markers, one microsatellite marker and two SCAR markers that amplified LRR- encoding regions, were developed from sequences of resistance gene homologs at the Dm3 cluster (RGC2s) in lettuce. Variation for these markers was assessed in germplasm including 74 genotypes of cultivated lettuce, L. saliva and 71 accessions of the three wild Lactuca spp., L. serriola, L. saligna and L. virosa that represent the major species in the sexually accessible genepool for lettuce. Diversity was also studied within and between natural populations of L. serriola from Israel and California. Large numbers of haplotypes were detected indicating the presence of numerous resistance genes in wild species. We documented a variety of genetic events occurring at clusters of resistance genes for the second objective (Sicard et al., 1999; Woo el al., in prep; Kuang et al., in prepb). The diversity of resistance genes in haplotypes provided evidence for gene duplication and unequal crossing over during the evolution of this cluster of resistance genes. Comparison of nine resistance genes in cv. Diana identified 22 gene conversion and five intergenic recombinations. We cloned and sequenced a 700 bp region from the middle of RGC2 genes from six genotypes, two each from L. saliva, L. serriola, and L. saligna . We have identified over 60 unique RGC2 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis surprisingly demonstrated much greater similarity between than within genotypes. This led to the realization that resistance genes are evolving much slower than had previously been assumed and to a new model as to how resistance genes are evolving (Michelmore and Meyers, 1998). The genetic structure of L. serriola was studied using 319 AFLP markers (Kuang et al., in prepa). Forty-one populations from Turkey, Armenia, Israel, and California as well as seven European countries were examined. AFLP marker data showed that the Turkish and Armenian populations were the most polymorphic populations and the European populations were the least. The Davis, CA population, a recent post-Columbian colonization, showed medium genetic diversity and was genetically close to the Turkish populations. Our results suggest that Turkey - Armenia may be the center of origin and diversity of L. serriola and may therefore have the greatest diversity of resistance genes. Our characterization of the diversity of resistance genes and the genetic mechanisms generating it will allow informed exploration, in situ and ex situ conservation, and utilization of germplasm resources for disease control. The results of this project provide the basis for our future research work, which will lead to a detailed understanding of the evolution of resistance genes in plants.