Journal articles: 'Genetic engineering Public opinionAustralia'

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KUMAR, AJIT. "Public Perception And Genetic Engineering." Chemical & Engineering News 70, no. 30 (July 27, 1992): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n030.p037.

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Nelkin, Dorothy. "Public responses to genetic engineering." Society 27, no. 1 (November 1989): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02695459.

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Hampel, Jürgen, and Ortwin Renn. "Introduction: Public understanding of genetic engineering." New Genetics and Society 19, no. 3 (December 2000): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713687605.

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Islam, Saba, and Saad Islam. "The perceived impression of public on genetic engineering." Northern International Medical College Journal 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v6i1.23159.

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Genetic engineering (GE) - also known as genetic modification (GM), is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. The field of genetic engineering deals with different kinds of alterations done on plants, animals and microorganisms and it has many applications in different sectors such as medicine, research, industry and agriculture. As GM plays an important role on food and agriculture, treatment of hereditary diseases, waste decomposition - all of which affects our lives, it concerns the geneticists and the general people alike.Objectives: The perceived impression of the mass population on Genetic engineering and analyzing how much it is accepted in todays society.Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from July to December 2013. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the concerned public around the world by using the site http://kwiksurveys.com/. [Link to this survey Results: Globally 67 people took the survey through web site and all of the participants were above 18 years of age and consisted of people who had little (53.73%) or no knowledge on GE (2.99%) and also people who were aware (31.34%) or had a deep knowledge (11.94%) of it. In this study 32.35% of people found the modification of genes Unethical but necessary and 30.88% of people found it Ethical and very useful. This showed that the majority of the people had accepted GE. When used for a good cause GE is morally acceptable to people (73.13%)Conclusion: This research has provided us a brief idea about the mental mental attitude or psychology of the respondents regarding the acceptance of GE in the society. This study showed that majority of the people belief GE will be beneficial some are still against it.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 32-35

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Beardsley, Tim. "Genetic engineering: USDA goes too public too quickly." Nature 320, no. 6062 (April 1986): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/320473a0.

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Smaglik, Paul. "Educated US public get more wary of genetic engineering." Nature 405, no. 6790 (June 2000): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35016717.

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Blank, Robert H. "Politics and Genetic Engineering." Politics and the Life Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 1992): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400017226.

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THE PURPOSE OF THIS short note is to update readers on recent developments in, and political implications of, genetic engineering, a critical tool in the expanding field of biotechnology. Based on new understanding of the mechanisms of DNA, molecular biologists are now able to chemically cut genes or sets of genes from one organism and splice them into the DNA of another. This is called recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. Although these techniques were first applied to bacteria and yeasts, in the last decade researchers have made remarkable strides in putting foreign genes into more complex plants and animals.

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Basu, Abhishek, Bharathi Raja, Rony Gracious, and Lelitha Vanajakshi. "DYNAMIC TRIP PLANNER FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT USING GENETIC ALGORITHM." Transport 35, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12477.

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This paper reports the development of a public transport trip planner to help the urban traveller in planning and preparing for his commute using public transportation in the city. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach that handles real-time Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data from buses of the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) in Chennai City (India) has been used to develop the planner. The GA has been shown to provide good solutions within the problem’s computation time constraints. The developed trip planner has been implemented for static network data first and subsequently extended to use real-time data. The “walk mode” and Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) have also been included in the geospatial database to extend the route-planner’s capabilities. The algorithm has subsequently been segmented to speed up the prediction process. In addition, a temporal cache has also been introduced during implementation, to handle multiple queries generated simultaneously. The results showed that there is promise for scalability and citywide implementation for the proposed real-time route-planner. The uncertainty and poor service quality perceived with public transport bus services in India could potentially be mitigated by further developments in the route-planner introduced in this paper.

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Patel, Rajeev, Robert J. Torres, and Peter Rosset. "Genetic Engineering in Agriculture and Corporate Engineering in Public Debate: Risk, Public Relations, and Public Debate over Genetically Modified Crops." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 11, no. 4 (October 2005): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2005.11.4.428.

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Potrykus, Ingo. "Genetic Modification and the Public Good." European Review 21, S1 (July 2013): S68—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000203.

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Genetic engineering (GMO-technology) offers great opportunities to contribute to the public good by improving public health, e.g. by improving the micro-nutrient status of poor populations, cost effectively and – therefore – sustainably. The prime example for such a project from the public domain for public good is ‘Golden Rice’ (www.goldenrice.org). There are exclusive public funds involved (from altruistic organizations), no dependence from industry except for in-kind support and help in acquiring free licenses for humanitarian use. There is no financial reward for anyone involved. The only beneficiaries are the poor in developing countries. Theoretically, when considering the arguments of the anti-GMO lobby, this is an ideal application of GMO-technology. However, Golden Rice is considered a Trojan Horse, which must be prevented under all circumstances. The consequence: millions of avoidable blind and dead children. The author considers those who are responsible for this avoidable suffering of many innocent children (and mothers at childbirth) a crime to humanity. There are those who commit this deliberately and those who are participating passively, such as numerous ‘humanitarian organizations’ and ‘decision makers’ in politics and elsewhere. There is a wealth of scientific information and broad consensus that GMO-technology is at least as safe as any other technology involved in any context with our food or our environment. What we experience here is an example of ‘unreason’ and a perfect example in the context of The March of Unreason. Our ‘enlightenment’ and science-based successful European culture is on the verge of being replaced by unreason-based failure and lack of culture.

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Zwick, Michael M. "Genetic engineering: Risks and hazards as perceived by the German public." New Genetics and Society 19, no. 3 (December 2000): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713687607.

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Weiner, Charles. "Drawing the Line in Genetic Engineering: Self-Regulation and Public Participation." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44, no. 2 (2001): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0039.

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Cevallos, Fabian, and Fang Zhao. "Minimizing Transfer Times in Public Transit Network with Genetic Algorithm." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1971, no. 1 (January 2006): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198106197100109.

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Pimentel, David. "GENETIC ENGINEERING, AGRICULTURE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY." Policy Studies Journal 17, no. 1 (September 1988): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1988.tb01021.x.

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Berkman, John, Stanley Hauerwas, Jeffrey Stout, Gilbert Meilaender, James F. Childress, and John H. Evans. "Playing God? Human Genetic Engineering and the Rationalization of Public Bioethical Debate." Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 24, no. 1 (2004): 183–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jsce200424129.

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Hoban, T. J. "Anticipating public reaction to the use of genetic engineering in infant nutrition." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 657S—662S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/63.4.657.

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Bora, Alfons. "Legal Procedure and Participation by the Public: Germany's 1990 Genetic Engineering Act." Law Policy 20, no. 1 (January 1998): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9930.00044.

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Weaver, C. Kay, and Judy Motion. "Sabotage and subterfuge: public relations, democracy and genetic engineering in New Zealand." Media, Culture & Society 24, no. 3 (May 2002): 325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344370202400303.

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Stein, Alexander J., H. P. S. Sachdev, and Matin Qaim. "Genetic Engineering for the Poor: Golden Rice and Public Health in India." World Development 36, no. 1 (January 2008): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.02.013.

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Luján, JoséLuis, and Luis Moreno. "Public perception of biotechnology and genetic engineering in Spain: Tendencies and ambivalence." Technology in Society 16, no. 3 (January 1994): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-791x(94)90007-8.

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Hogan, Andrew J. "From Precaution to Peril: Public Relations Across Forty Years of Genetic Engineering." Endeavour 40, no. 4 (December 2016): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2016.09.002.

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Keranen, L. "Playing God? Human Genetic Engineering and the Rationalization of Public Bioethical Debate." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 289, no. 10 (March 12, 2003): 1313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.10.1313.

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Zeng, Pinhong. "Optimal Operation Solution for Public Bicycles Based on Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (August 27, 2021): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.124.

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Aiming at the various problems with the scheduling of urban public bicycles, this paper conducted a research on the shortest path between rental points and employed the Floyd algorithm to find the optimal route. Based on the conditions of limited number of bicycle transportation vehicles and in different time slots the bicycle rental points were required to restore to the original number of bicycles, a constraint scheduling model was established according to the bicycle supply-demand relationships of the rental points, and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to solve the model to find the shortest path. In terms of balancing the bicycles at each rental point, this paper re-distributed the initial bicycles according to the different demands of each rental point in different time slots, and solved the problem using the solution of the first problem to obtain the optimal vehicle route. This research is a useful reference for solving difficulties in public bicycle scheduling.

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Henderson, Alison. "Activism in "Paradise": Identity Management in a Public Relations Campaign Against Genetic Engineering." Journal of Public Relations Research 17, no. 2 (April 2005): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1702_4.

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Kawar, Amal. "ISSUE DEFINITION, DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION, AND GENETIC ENGINEERING." Policy Studies Journal 17, no. 4 (June 1989): 719–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1989.tb00815.x.

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LAGAY, FAITH L. "Science, Rhetoric, and Public Discourse in Genetic Research." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8, no. 2 (April 1999): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180199802126.

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Decisions concerning use of gene therapy will probably not be made within the privacy of what was once a dyadic doctor–patient relationship. More likely, some overarching guidelines will emerge directing or limiting the practice. Debate and position-taking over the myriad scientific, social, ethical, legal, and political implications of research into and manipulation of the human genome has intensified since the U.S. government officially launched the Human Genome Project in 1988 by appropriating funds to the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for genome research. The discourse this costly research endeavor has generated in the scientific and bioethics literature and even in the popular press outlines a host of issues likely to evoke attempts at line drawing and policymaking. Many of these issues lend themselves easily to the shorthand of dualistic opposition: somatic cell therapy (insertion of genes into patients' nonreproductive cells or tissue to accomplish the work of defective or missing genes) versus germ line therapy or engineering (manipulation of a patient's reproductive [germ] cells and the undifferentiated cells of early embryos); correction of defects and disease only versus enhancement of conditions not considered defects or diseases; intervening on the basis of phenotype only (physically expressed genetic traits or symptoms) versus intervening on the basis of genotype also (the biochemical composition of an individual's genome).

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Morimoto, Kinjiro, James P. McGettigan, Heather D. Foley, D. Craig Hooper, Bernhard Dietzschold, and Matthias J. Schnell. "Genetic engineering of live rabies vaccines." Vaccine 19, no. 25-26 (May 2001): 3543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00064-0.

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Frewer, Lynn J., Chaya Howard, Duncan Hedderley, and Richard Shepherd. "Reactions to information about genetic engineering: impact of source characteristics, perceived personal relevance, and persuasiveness." Public Understanding of Science 8, no. 1 (January 1999): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/8/1/003.

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There is a need to develop effective communication strategies with the public about the risks and benefits of applied genetic engineering. The Elaboration Likelihood Model was used to systematically investigate the impact of source factors (trust) and the perceived personal relevance of information, including the persuasiveness of the information, on attitudes towards genetic engineering, and whether these factors resulted in more thoughts about genetic engineering. The results from 160 respondents indicated an interaction between source effects and persuasiveness. People tended to respond more to information low in persuasiveness if it was attributed to a highly trusted source, and more to information high in persuasiveness if it were from a source low in public trust. In this context, respondents tended to express concern about the technology. It was concluded that source characteristics are important determinants of public responses to information about genetic engineering.

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Bhattacharjee, Abhishek Rajesh, Shreya Das, and Stuti Aastha. "The Role of IPR in Plant Genetic Engineering." International Journal of Law and Public Policy 2, no. 2 (September 27, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0202.136.

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The role and status of Patent laws in the protection of plant species which have been genetically modified is currently uncertain in India. Discussions and debates regarding the same are rife and experts have different views regarding the whole aspect concerning economical and ethical considerations. Genetically engineered plants and modified crop plants are of significant economic value. In India, they face critical challenges, for instance, the requirement of dependable public policies and vigorous frameworks for regulatory control. This becomes much more vital since India desires to be an economic superpower primarily based on innovation. It is very important for a person from the legal field, especially those interested in the field of IPR, to have clarity regarding the protection of genetically modified plants. This humble attempt at a research paper seeks to clarify the same and discusses the various aspects on which one should think while concluding their views on the topic.

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Zhou, Yi, and Weili Xia. "Optimization Algorithm and Simulation of Public Resource Emergency Scheduling Based on Wireless Sensor Technology." Journal of Sensors 2021 (October 8, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2450346.

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Public resource scheduling refers to the rational allocation and effective use of resources, while public emergency scheduling refers to the rational allocation and effective use of resources in the context of emergencies. Its main purpose is to reduce casualties and property losses caused by emergencies. This paper mainly studies the emergency scheduling of public resources based on line sensing technology and solves the scheduling problem of public resources through algorithm optimization. Firstly, combined with the positioning algorithm of wireless sensor, this paper optimizes the positioning and detection technology of wireless sensor technology. Then, we design an improved multiagent genetic algorithm (MAGA-MTERS) using natural number coding and design a penalty function to solve the model. Then, the algorithm is compared with the traditional genetic algorithm. The results show that the accurate positioning of wireless sensor technology can improve the efficiency of public resource scheduling and save the scheduling cost. The multiagent genetic algorithm optimizes the positioning function of wireless sensor. Compared with the traditional genetic algorithm, MAGA-MTERS algorithm can obtain a better solution.

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Rabino, Isaac. "German genetic engineering scientists and the German public: complementary perceptions in a changing European context." Public Understanding of Science 3, no. 4 (October 1994): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/3/4/002.

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In a 1991 survey, we assessed how genetic engineering scientists in Europe viewed the influence of public attention on their field. In almost every respect, by far the most negative responses came from scientists in West Germany: only 10% perceived public attention as beneficial and 63% perceived it as harmful; more than 90% worried that Germany could lose its competitive edge in this field; and more than 70% viewed national regulations as too strict. Open-ended comments from researchers reinforce the negative German picture. Major complaints include ill-trained, incompetent local enforcement offices often using delaying tactics to avoid making decisions; unnecessary compulsory courses; massive bureaucracies; endless paperwork; and mandatory `safety offices' that only generate more paper. Scientists and journalists point to three causes for public opposition: one-sided media coverage, sensitivity to World War II history (eugenics), and powerful activist opposition. The `Eurobarometer' 1991 and 1993 surveys of the public show that German scientists' perceptions of the public attitude are based on reality: public acceptance is low, and has been deteriorating further since 1991. Although the national German laws regulating biotechnology have now been relaxed, it remains to be seen whether the attitude of the public, as well as local and state-level regulations, will follow the same trend. To improve public acceptance, German genetic engineering scientists may need to make a long-term commitment to communication and education about all aspects of their field, including risks. Although there is no guarantee that this will bring quick results (it apparently has not done so in the Netherlands, for instance), cases such as Denmark suggest that it may improve acceptance in the long term.

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Seda, Pavel, Michael Mark, Kuan-Wu Su, Milos Seda, Jiri Hosek, and Jenq-Shiou Leu. "The Minimization of Public Facilities With Enhanced Genetic Algorithms Using War Elimination." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 9395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891424.

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Warner, Carol M. "Genetic Engineering of Human Eggs and Embryos: Prelude to Cloning." Politics and the Life Sciences 17, no. 1 (March 1998): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400025314.

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Skryabin, K. G., and A. M. Kamionskaya. "Genetic Technologies in Russian Agriculture: Regulatory Issues and Public Opinion." Biotekhnologiya 37, no. 1 (2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-1-5-20.

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This study analyzes the current regulatory system for genetic engineering in Russia in terms of expected amendments related to genome editing technology, given that its products - genome-edited crops - have already appeared on the international market. A list of corresponding concepts that require legal rethinking and definition has been compiled. Changes in the model of state regulation of genetic technologies in Russia are proposed: the transition from a process-oriented regulation system to a risk-based system. To assess the risk of public rejection of the products of genetic technology and new biotechnologies, 931 participants of the opinion poll have been selected who underwent an online sociological survey using purposive sample techniques. The obtained results revealed the innovation potential of the Russian society and experts in the novel genetic and digital technologies in agriculture, their attitude to the threat of global hunger and the application of biodegradable materials and biofuels in relation to the circular economy. genetic technologies, GMOs, regulations, opinion poll, Russia The authors thank the staff of Technological platform Biotech2030, Moscow, Russia This paper is part a study that was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) (project no. 18-29-14067/18).

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Bane, Audra, Lesli Brown, Joy Carter, Chris Cote, Karin Crider, Suzanne de la Forest, Michelle Livingston, and Darrel Montero. "Life and Death Decisions." International Social Work 46, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872803046002006.

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This article examines American public opinion towards genetic engineering, genetic testing and abortion. The findings indicate that the American public is increasingly ambivalent regarding these procedures. Contextually, these findings are discussed in the light of changing social and political attitudes towards genetic engineering, genetic testing and abortion.

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Moskovkin, L., and N. Vakurova. "THE PRESUMPTION SYSTEM AS A DISASTROUS FACTOR OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN POPULI." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 10(79) (November 20, 2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.5.79.1062.

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The article describes the phenomenology of the presumption system as mandatory for the application of absolute truths that are not subject to discussion. The ubiquity of presumptions, which have become an immanent feature of everyday and political life, is shown. Using the example of the global campaign pandemic 2020, the author describes the fact that Russia is used to bring real information to the public information field, bypassing presumptions.

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Standzon, L. V. "Administrative Responsibility in the Field of Genetic Engineering in Germany." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.116.7.188-196.

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At the present stage of development, genetic engineering is characterized by ambiguous achievements. For its further development, it seems necessary to study the legislation establishing administrative responsibility in the specified sphere of public relations. The analysis of the German legislation in the field of genetic engineering made it possible to reveal the features of administrative responsibility for committing administrative offenses. The author defines the features of the institute of administrative responsibility in the field of genetic engineering in Germany from the point of view of their development and consolidation in the legislation on administrative offenses. The main types of administrative offenses in the field of genetic engineering in Germany are considered. Particular attention is given to administrative penalties applied for violation of the legislation on genetic engineering. Based on the analysis of the regulatory regulation of administrative responsibility in the field of genetic engineering, possible areas for further improvement of administrative responsibility in Germany are identified. The variety of violations in the field of genetic engineering makes it possible to conclude that it is necessary to expand and consolidate new types of administrative offenses in the legislation on administrative responsibility.

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Chen, Hong, Tong Pan, Xiangzhen Zhou, Qiang Fu, and Hui Chen. "Construction of Smart Public Data Management Evaluation Index System Based on Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 51, no. 3 (June 20, 2022): 20220058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20220058.

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Shen, Tong, Kun Hua, and Jiaping Liu. "Optimized Public Parking Location Modelling for Green Intelligent Transportation System Using Genetic Algorithms." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 176870–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2957803.

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Anomaly, Jonathan. "Public goods and procreation." Monash Bioethics Review 32, no. 3-4 (December 2014): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40592-014-0011-x.

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Abstract Procreation is the ultimate public goods problem. Each new child affects the welfare of many other people, and some (but not all) children produce uncompensated value that future people will enjoy. This essay addresses challenges that arise if we think of procreation and parenting as public goods. These include whether individual choices are likely to lead to a socially desirable outcome, and whether changes in laws, social norms, or access to genetic engineering and embryo selection might improve the aggregate outcome of our reproductive choices.

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Petit, Joshua D., Mark D. Needham, and Glenn T. Howe. "Effects of Message Framing on Public Responses to Using Genetic Engineering to Restore American Chestnut Trees." Society & Natural Resources 34, no. 9 (July 19, 2021): 1194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.1946628.

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Small, B. "Attitudes to genetic engineering and medicine: a comparison of New Zealand public and New Zealand scientists." New Biotechnology 25 (September 2009): S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.914.

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Guo, Dingming, Jingchao Chen, Xueyang Zhao, Yanan Luo, Menglu Jin, Fenxia Fan, Chaiwoo Park, et al. "Genetic and Chemical Engineering of Phages for Controlling Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria." Antibiotics 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020202.

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Along with the excessive use of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria has become a public health problem and a great challenge vis-à-vis the control and treatment of bacterial infections. As the natural predators of bacteria, phages have reattracted researchers’ attentions. Phage therapy is regarded as one of the most promising alternative strategies to fight pathogens in the post-antibiotic era. Recently, genetic and chemical engineering methods have been applied in phage modification. Among them, genetic engineering includes the expression of toxin proteins, modification of host recognition receptors, and interference of bacterial phage-resistant pathways. Chemical engineering, meanwhile, involves crosslinking phage coats with antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, heavy metal ions, and photothermic matters. Those advances greatly expand the host range of phages and increase their bactericidal efficiency, which sheds light on the application of phage therapy in the control of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This review reports on engineered phages through genetic and chemical approaches. Further, we present the obstacles that this novel antimicrobial has incurred.

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Wheeler, Sarah Ann. "Contrasting the beliefs of Australian agricultural professionals about the benefits and costs of genetic engineering and organic agriculture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 12 (2007): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06294.

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Most research about genetic engineering and organic agriculture has concentrated on the views of consumers and farmers. Given the important role that scientists, extension officers and academics play in creating innovations, influencing farmer adoption and informing the public, a telephone survey targeting these individuals (n = 185) was conducted in mid 2004. The purpose of this survey was to identify the beliefs of agricultural professionals employed in the Australian public sector towards organic agriculture and genetic engineering. The beliefs of agricultural professionals about the benefits and costs of organic agriculture and genetic engineering are compared and contrasted, providing an important benchmark on their views towards these innovations. More professionals believe in the positive net benefits of genetic engineering than those who believe in the positive net benefits of organic agriculture. They believe that genetic engineering will play a vital role in influencing the sustainability of Australian agriculture in the future, namely by increasing production and improving pest and disease management. However, many professionals voiced concerns about the potential costs of genetic engineering, with many citing risk and uncertainty issues and the lack of long-term testing. At the same time, beliefs towards organic agriculture in Australia by agricultural professionals seem to be changing, with nearly two-fifths of those surveyed saying that their beliefs had become more positive towards organic agriculture in the past 5 years. The main benefit of organic agriculture is seen to be a reduction in chemicals. The main limitations are seen to be economic and production difficulties.

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Meng, Jie, and Zhen Zhou Yuan. "Research on Sites Layout of Integrative Public Transit in Urban and Rural." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2516.

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In response to the phenomenon that urban and rural residents travel in short supply caused by rapid economic development, expanded the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout study. Firstly, analyzed the factors that affect the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout. Secondly, used operations research and mathematical methods to site layout model. Finally, taking a brief introduction of the steps that using the genetic algorithm to solve this model. The result shows that the model can solve some of the problems in the integration of urban and rural bus to make some contributions to the integration of urban and rural bus.

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Theophilopoulou (Αρετή Θεοφιλοπούλου), Areti. "Does luck egalitarianism lose its appeal in the face of genetic engineering?" Bioethica 1, no. 2 (November 22, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bioeth.19648.

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It has been suggested that the era of genetic interventions will sound the death knell for luck egalitarianism, as it will blur the line between chance and choice, on which theories of distributive justice often rest. By examining the threats posed to these theories, a crucial assumption is exposed; it is assumed that a commitment to the neutralisation of the effects of luck implies the endorsement of even the most morally controversial enhancements. In antithesis, I argue that an attractive theory of luck egalitarianism, Dworkinian liberal equality, enables us to deduce plausible implications for genetic engineering. By focusing on the abstract moral commitments at the heart of Dworkin’s theory, a twofold purpose is served. First, they reveal in what ways the criticisms misfire, thereby safeguarding luck egalitarianism. Second, Dworkinian luck egalitarianism is further strengthened, as it produces plausible guidelines for public policy on genetic engineering in liberal societies.

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D'Archivio, Simon, Mathieu Medina, Alain Cosson, Nathalie Chamond, Brice Rotureau, Paola Minoprio, and Sophie Goyard. "Genetic Engineering of Trypanosoma (Dutonella) vivax and In Vitro Differentiation under Axenic Conditions." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 5, no. 12 (December 27, 2011): e1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001461.

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Zechman, Emily M. "Integrating evolution strategies and genetic algorithms with agent-based modeling for flushing a contaminated water distribution system." Journal of Hydroinformatics 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2013): 798–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.102.

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Water utilities can prepare for water distribution hazards, such as the presence of contaminants in the pipe network and failure of physical components. In contamination events, the complex interactions among managers' operational decisions, consumers' water consumption choices, and the hydraulics and contaminant transport in the water distribution system may influence the contaminant plume so that a typical engineering model may not properly predict public health consequences. A complex adaptive system (CAS) approach couples engineering models of a water distribution system with agent-based models of consumers and public officials. Development of threat management strategies, which prescribe a set of actions to mitigate public health consequences, is enabled through a simulation–optimization framework that couples evolutionary algorithms with the CAS model. Evolution strategies and genetic algorithm-based approaches are developed and compared for an illustrative case study to identify a flushing strategy for opening hydrants to minimize the number of exposed consumers and maintain acceptable levels of service in the network.

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Veit, Walter. "Procreative Beneficence and Genetic Enhancement." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2018-320105.

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Abstract Imagine a world where everyone is healthy, intelligent, long living and happy. Intuitively this seems wonderful albeit unrealistic. However, recent scientific breakthroughs in genetic engineering, namely CRISPR/Cas bring the question into public discourse, how the genetic enhancement of humans should be evaluated morally. In 2001, when preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF), enabled parents to select between multiple embryos, Julian Savulescu introduced the principle of procreative beneficence (PPB), stating that parents have the obligations to choose the child that is expected to have the best life. In this paper I argue that accepting the PPB and the consequentialist principle (CP) that two acts with the same consequences are morally on par, commits one to accepting the parental obligation of genetically enhancing one's children

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Thavarajah, Walter, Laura M. Hertz, David Z. Bushhouse, Chloé M. Archuleta, and Julius B. Lucks. "RNA Engineering for Public Health: Innovations in RNA-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-014055.

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RNA is essential for cellular function: From sensing intra- and extracellular signals to controlling gene expression, RNA mediates a diverse and expansive list of molecular processes. A long-standing goal of synthetic biology has been to develop RNA engineering principles that can be used to harness and reprogram these RNA-mediated processes to engineer biological systems to solve pressing global challenges. Recent advances in the field of RNA engineering are bringing this to fruition, enabling the creation of RNA-based tools to combat some of the most urgent public health crises. Specifically, new diagnostics using engineered RNAs are able to detect both pathogens and chemicals while generating an easily detectable fluorescent signal as an indicator. New classes of vaccines and therapeutics are also using engineered RNAs to target a wide range of genetic and pathogenic diseases. Here, we discuss the recent breakthroughs in RNA engineering enabling these innovations and examine how advances in RNA design promise to accelerate the impact of engineered RNA systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Genetic engineering Public opinionAustralia'

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