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Journal articles on the topic 'Genetic properties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shah, Het, and Andrews McEwan. "MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RNA NANOWIRES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (2021): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13721.

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RNA is a polymeric genetic bio-molecule found in all human beings. It is the main genetic material in many viruses. In this paper we test the mechanical properties of RNA NWs. We will find Youngs Modulus of RNA Nanowires (NWs) as a function of diameter with taking equilibrium strain, Poissons ratio and surface stress in consideration. As previously no study has been published regarding Youngs Modulus of RNA we take a theoretical approach towards it. We will predict the behavior of RNA NWs and see the resemblance to either semiconducting or metallic nature of NWs. This study extrapolates key fa

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2

Duplij, D. R., S. A. Duplij, and N. A. Chashchin. "Symmetric properties of genetic code." Biopolymers and Cell 16, no. 6 (2000): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.00058a.

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3

Kennedy, B. W., L. R. Schaeffer, and D. A. Sorensen. "Genetic Properties of Animal Models." Journal of Dairy Science 71 (June 1988): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0302(88)79975-0.

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4

Z.Sh., Ahmadova. "Molecular Structure andSome Properties ofViruses." Current Research Journal of Pedagogics 6, no. 6 (2025): 40–44. https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-06-06-10.

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The paper involves general information about the general characteristics of viruses and the types of diseases and harms they cause. It also provides information about the molecular structure of viruses and the importance of DNA or RNA, which is the genetic information, in causing disease, and the important role that prions play in maintaining the infectivity of the virus.

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5

Wu, Zhengping, Qiong Xu, Gaosheng Ni, and Gaoming Yu. "The study of genetic information flux network properties in genetic algorithms." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 07 (2015): 1550076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311550076x.

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In this paper, an empirical analysis is done on the information flux network (IFN) statistical properties of genetic algorithms (GA) and the results suggest that the node degree distribution of IFN is scale-free when there is at least some selection pressure, and it has two branches as node degree is small. Increasing crossover, decreasing the mutation rate or decreasing the selective pressure will increase the average node degree, thus leading to the decrease of scaling exponent. These studies will be helpful in understanding the combination and distribution of excellent gene segments of the

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6

Newman, S. A., and W. D. Comper. "‘Generic’ physical mechanisms of morphogenesis and pattern formation." Development 110, no. 1 (1990): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.1.1.

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The role of ‘generic’ physical mechanisms in morphogenesis and pattern formation of tissues is considered. Generic mechanisms are defined as those physical processes that are broadly applicable to living and non-living systems, such as adhesion, surface tension and gravitational effects, viscosity, phase separation, convection and reaction-diffusion coupling. They are contrasted with ‘genetic’ mechanisms, a term reserved for highly evolved, machine-like, biomolecular processes. Generic mechanisms acting upon living tissues are capable of giving rise to morphogenetic rearrangements of cytoplasm

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7

García-García, Isabel, Belén Méndez-Cea, Ester González de Andrés, et al. "Climate and Soil Microsite Conditions Determine Local Adaptation in Declining Silver Fir Forests." Plants 12, no. 14 (2023): 2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142607.

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Ongoing climatic change is threatening the survival of drought-sensitive tree species, such as silver fir (Abies alba). Drought-induced dieback had been previously explored in this conifer, although the role played by tree-level genetic diversity and its relationship with growth patterns and soil microsite conditions remained elusive. We used double digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to describe different genetic characteristics of five silver fir forests in the Spanish Pyrenees, including declining and non-declining trees. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were

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8

Kozlovska, O., and F. Sadyrbaev. "Models of Genetic Networks with Given Properties." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER RESEARCH 10 (April 20, 2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232018.2022.10.6.

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A multi-parameter system of ordinary differential equations, modelling genetic networks, is considered. Attractors of this system correspond to future states of a network. Sufficient conditions for the non-existence of stable critical points are given. Due to the special structure of the system, attractors must exist. Therefore the existence of more complicated attractors was expected. Several examples are considered, confirming this conclusion.

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9

Wierzbanowski, Krzysztof, Jacek Tarasiuk, and Alain Lodini. "Optimization of Material Properties Using Genetic Algorithms." Materials Science Forum 652 (May 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.652.1.

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The genetic algorithm method was used in the present work as an alternative to classical calculation methods. It can be used in the situations where we search an optimal solution and a problem has many variable parameters. In this work the genetic algorithm method was applied in order to decompose the texture function into ideal components and also to optimize elastic constants by an appropriate choice of texture function. These example applications of genetic algorithm method show its potential in the field of material engineering.

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10

Malinetsky, G. G., S. A. Naumenko, and A. V. Podlazov. "Extreme properties of the genetic code markup." Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 414, no. 1 (2007): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1607672907030179.

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11

Kawamura, Daizo, and Akio Toh-e. "Genetic properties of low-temperature-growing yeasts." Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 76, no. 2 (1993): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338x(93)90077-l.

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12

Mullin, D. A., D. L. Zies, A. H. Mullin, N. Caballera, and B. Ely. "Genetic organization and transposition properties of IS511." Molecular and General Genetics MGG 254, no. 4 (1997): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050439.

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13

Tung, Meng-Yun, Chen-Tien Chang, and Yun-Chin Chung. "Biochemical properties of genetic recombinant xylanase II." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 136, no. 1 (2007): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02685934.

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14

Katz, M., and J. M. Goux. "The Statistical Properties of Genetic Absolute Distance." Biometrical Journal 28, no. 6 (1986): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710280613.

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15

Mahjoub, Wafa, Sarangoo Ukhnaa, Jean-Yves Drean, and Omar Harzallah. "Influence of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mongolian Cashmere Fiber Properties." Fibers 12, no. 10 (2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib12100084.

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Cashmere is widely acclaimed as one of the most luxurious textile fibers. Mongolia, a major player in cashmere production and processing, is key to this industry. Despite the rich history of cashmere, there is limited research on cashmere fiber properties, which are essential in producing high-quality garments. This study aims to improve our understanding of cashmere fibers’ physical and mechanical properties and to assess how genetic and non-genetic factors affect these characteristics. We analyzed key fiber characteristics, including scale morphology, and the physical and mechanical properti

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16

Teixeira, João C., and Christian D. Huber. "The inflated significance of neutral genetic diversity in conservation genetics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 10 (2021): e2015096118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015096118.

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The current rate of species extinction is rapidly approaching unprecedented highs, and life on Earth presently faces a sixth mass extinction event driven by anthropogenic activity, climate change, and ecological collapse. The field of conservation genetics aims at preserving species by using their levels of genetic diversity, usually measured as neutral genome-wide diversity, as a barometer for evaluating population health and extinction risk. A fundamental assumption is that higher levels of genetic diversity lead to an increase in fitness and long-term survival of a species. Here, we argue a

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17

Kauffman, Stuart. "Understanding genetic regulatory networks." International Journal of Astrobiology 2, no. 2 (2003): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147355040300154x.

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Random Boolean networks (RBM) were introduced about 35 years ago as first crude models of genetic regulatory networks. RBNs are comprised of N on–off genes, connected by a randomly assigned regulatory wiring diagram where each gene has K inputs, and each gene is controlled by a randomly assigned Boolean function. This procedure samples at random from the ensemble of all possible NK Boolean networks. The central ideas are to study the typical, or generic properties of this ensemble, and see 1) whether characteristic differences appear as K and biases in Boolean functions are introducted, and 2)

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18

Rosecká, P., T. Moravec, M. Filigarová, P. Dědič, and N. Čeřovská. "Genetic variability between different isolates of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV)." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2017): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10465-pps.

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We determined partial nucleotide sequences of several different field isolates of PMTV with well-characterized biological properties from the Czech Republic and Denmark. Subsequently we were trying to elucidate the correlation between nucleotide sequences of various isolates, their biological properties and geographical origin. From the comparison with other known sequences we can conclude, that PMTV genome is relatively conserved.

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19

Jaun, Andreas, Hans-Peter Wymann, and Kay Lucek. "Lack of genetic structure suggests high connectivity of Parnassius phoebus between nearby valleys in the Alps." Alpine Entomology 6 (March 24, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.80405.

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The spatial scale of intraspecific genetic connectivity and population structure are important aspects of conservation genetics. However, for many species these properties are unknown. Here we used genomic data to assess the genetic structure of the small Apollo butterfly (Parnassius phoebus Fabricius, 1793; Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) across three nearby valleys in the Central Swiss Alps. One of the valleys is currently used for hydropower production with future plans to raise the existing dam wall further. We found no significant genetic structure, suggesting a currently high connectivity of

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20

Jaun, Andreas, Hans-Peter Wymann, and Kay Lucek. "Lack of genetic structure suggests high connectivity of Parnassius phoebus between nearby valleys in the Alps." Alpine Entomology 6 (March 24, 2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.80405.

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The spatial scale of intraspecific genetic connectivity and population structure are important aspects of conservation genetics. However, for many species these properties are unknown. Here we used genomic data to assess the genetic structure of the small Apollo butterfly (Parnassius phoebus Fabricius, 1793; Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) across three nearby valleys in the Central Swiss Alps. One of the valleys is currently used for hydropower production with future plans to raise the existing dam wall further. We found no significant genetic structure, suggesting a currently high connectivity of

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21

Ferreira, Tomas, and Santiago Rodriguez. "Mitochondrial DNA: Inherent Complexities Relevant to Genetic Analyses." Genes 15, no. 5 (2024): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15050617.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exhibits distinct characteristics distinguishing it from the nuclear genome, necessitating specific analytical methods in genetic studies. This comprehensive review explores the complex role of mtDNA in a variety of genetic studies, including genome-wide, epigenome-wide, and phenome-wide association studies, with a focus on its implications for human traits and diseases. Here, we discuss the structure and gene-encoding properties of mtDNA, along with the influence of environmental factors and epigenetic modifications on its function and variability. Particularly signi

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22

Chakraborty, Aishik, Shruthi Polla Ravi, Yasmeen Shamiya, Caroline Cui, and Arghya Paul. "Harnessing the physicochemical properties of DNA as a multifunctional biomaterial for biomedical and other applications." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 13 (2021): 7779–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs01387k.

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The review explores the chemical tools and strategies to synthesize bioactive, DNA-based biomaterials. The focus is on the applications of DNA as a generic and not a genetic polymer in biomedical, environmental, and electrochemical fields.

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23

Zhang, Yueying, Jinsong Huang, Yan Jiao, et al. "Bone Morphology in 46 BXD Recombinant Inbred Strains and Femur-Tibia Correlation." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/728278.

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We examined the bone properties of BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mice by analyzing femur and tibia and compared their phenotypes of different compartments. 46 BXD RI mouse strains were analyzed including progenitor C57BL/6J (n=16) and DBA/2J (n=15) and two first filial generations (D2B6F1 and B6D2F1). Strain differences were observed in bone quality and structural properties (P<0.05) in each bone profile (whole bone, cortical bone, or trabecular bone). It is well known that skeletal phenotypes are largely affected by genetic determinants and genders, such as bone mineral density (BMD). While

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24

Ni, Biao, Jian You, Jiangnan Li, Yingda Du, Wei Zhao, and Xia Chen. "Genetic and Epigenetic Changes during the Upward Expansion of Deyeuxia angustifolia Kom. in the Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China." Plants 10, no. 2 (2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020291.

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Ecological adaptation plays an important role in the process of plant expansion, and genetics and epigenetics are important in the process of plant adaptation. In this study, genetic and epigenetic analyses and soil properties were performed on D. angustifolia of 17 populations, which were selected in the tundra zone on the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. Our results showed that the levels of genetic and epigenetic diversity of D. angustifolia were relatively low, and the main variation occurred among different populations (amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP): 95%, methylati

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25

Abdul-Muneer, P. M. "Application of Microsatellite Markers in Conservation Genetics and Fisheries Management: Recent Advances in Population Structure Analysis and Conservation Strategies." Genetics Research International 2014 (April 7, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/691759.

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Microsatellites are the most popular and versatile genetic marker with myriads of applications in population genetics, conservation biology, and evolutionary biology. These are the arrays of DNA sequences, consisting of tandemly repeating mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide units, which are distributed throughout the genomes of most eukaryotic species. Microsatellites are codominant in nature, highly polymorphic, easily typed, and Mendelian inherited, all properties which make them very suitable for the study of population structure and pedigree analysis and capable of detecting differences

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26

Hamidova, Shahla Elnur gizi. "MANAGING THE EVOLUTION OF HEALTHCARE: INTEGRATING GENETIC ENGINEERING INTO MODERN MEDICINE." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 98 (February 22, 2025): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14910698.

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Genetic engineering is one of the newest directions of biotechnology, a modern technology based on the modification of genes and their certain properties, silencing some genes or replacing them with new ones. The ideas of giving new properties to living things or increasing their productivity were implemented in ancient times by traditional selection methods. However, discoveries in the field of molecular biology and genetics led to the emergence of a new field called genetic engineering.In the 1990s, the characteristics of the human genome were completed (Human Genome Project), and genetic en

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27

Li, Yanjie, Xianyin Ding, Jingmin Jiang, and Qifu Luan. "Inheritance and Correlation Analysis of Pulpwood Properties, Wood Density, and Growth Traits of Slash Pine." Forests 11, no. 5 (2020): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050493.

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Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) is the most important and a fast-growing material that is used for industrial timber and pulp production. A breeding program of slash pine that aims to improve wood properties has been employed for the past decade. This study analysed the genetics and correlation of growth traits and wood properties of a total of 1059 individual plants from 49 families of P. elliottii. Heritability, family ranking, genetic gain, and the relationship between these traits were estimated. The results showed that there was a significant negative genetic correlation between the holocell

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28

CUI, You-yi, and Zhuo ZHANG. "Topological properties of genetic interaction network in yeast." Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University 31, no. 9 (2011): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1008.2011.01009.

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29

Kennedy, B. W., J. H. van der Werf, and T. H. Meuwissen. "Genetic and statistical properties of residual feed intake." Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 12 (1993): 3239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1993.71123239x.

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30

Korostylev, Nikita, Evgenia Prazdnova, Maria Mazanko, et al. "Genetic basis of the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020304016.

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The aim of the study is to search and systematize genes associated with the probiotic properties of strains of the genus Lactobacillus, which are symbionts of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. The following purpose were pursued in the study: to establish the molecular features of the probiotic properties of strains of the genus Lactobacillus; to find the genes associated with probiotic properties of Lactobacillus strains; to systematize the genes found according to the molecular characteristics of their products; to characterize these genes, evaluate perspectives of searching for new and

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31

Matto, J., E. Malinen, M. L. Suihko, M. Alander, A. Palva, and M. Saarela. "Genetic heterogeneity and functional properties of intestinal bifidobacteria." Journal of Applied Microbiology 97, no. 3 (2004): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02340.x.

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32

Lehmann, Jean. "On the Coding Properties of the Genetic System." Comments� on Theoretical Biology 7, no. 6 (2002): 417–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08948550214859.

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33

Landry, C. R., B. Lemos, S. A. Rifkin, W. J. Dickinson, and D. L. Hartl. "Genetic Properties Influencing the Evolvability of Gene Expression." Science 317, no. 5834 (2007): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1140247.

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34

Lin, C. S., and M. R. Binns. "Genetic properties of four types of stability parameter." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 82, no. 4 (1991): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00588606.

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35

Jackson, W. C., and J. D. Norgard. "A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Boltzmann Convergence Properties." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 136, no. 3 (2007): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-007-9308-8.

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36

Dragovich, Branko, and Nataša Ž. Mišić. "p-Adic hierarchical properties of the genetic code." Biosystems 185 (November 2019): 104017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104017.

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37

Kalinowski, Steven T. "Evolutionary and statistical properties of three genetic distances." Molecular Ecology 11, no. 8 (2002): 1263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01520.x.

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38

Darvishzadeh, R., A. Pirzad, I. Bernousi, et al. "Genetic properties of drought tolerance indices in sunflower." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science 61, no. 7 (2011): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2010.530292.

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39

Krimpenis, A. A., N. A. Fountas, I. Ntalianis, and N. M. Vaxevanidis. "CNC micromilling properties and optimization using genetic algorithms." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70, no. 1-4 (2013): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5248-7.

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40

Beta, Trust, and Harold Corke. "Genetic and Environmental Variation in Sorghum Starch Properties." Journal of Cereal Science 34, no. 3 (2001): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.2000.0379.

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41

Xiao, Yao, Junhui Wang, Huiling Yun, et al. "Genetic Evaluation and Combined Selection for the Simultaneous Improvement of Growth and Wood Properties in Catalpa bungei Clones." Forests 12, no. 7 (2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070868.

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Catalpa bungei is an important timber tree. Improvements in growth and wood quality are important goals of C. bungei breeding, and it is necessary to understand the genetic parameters of specific target traits and genetic correlation between growth traits and wood properties for tree breeding. In this study, the genetic parameters of height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and wood properties were estimated and genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth traits and wood properties were evaluated in C. bungei. Finally, different selection scenarios were used to evaluate and select optima

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42

Moataz, Fathi, Ebeid Tarek, Rayan Gamal, El-Safty Salah, and Abou-Emera Osama. "Genetic differences in eggshell ultrastructural properties of Saudi native chicken breeds kept at high ambient temperatures." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 9 (2018): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2018-cjas.

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Egg quality and eggshell ultrastructural properties of four Saudi native chicken breeds were compared to detect genetic differences. A total of 480 laying hens at 28 weeks of age, representing four Saudi native breeds of chicken (black, black-barred, gray, and brown) kept under hot environmental conditions (34 ± 1°C) were randomly assigned to the current experiment. Laying hens were housed in individual cages in an open-sided house during hot summer season. A total of 360 intact eggs were randomly collected (90 from each breed) for egg quality assessment. Eggshell samples were prepared to eval

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43

Ibarra, Luis, Gary Hodge, and Juan José Acosta. "Quantitative Genetics of a Hybrid Population of Eucalyptus nitens × Eucalyptus globulus: Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Implications for Breeding Strategies." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020381.

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In Chile, interspecific hybrids between Eucalyptus nitens × Eucalyptus globulus (GloNi) were developed by Arauco Forestry to capture specific traits from each parental species: growth rate and cold resistance from E. nitens (NIT) and wood properties from E. globulus (GLO). Field tests of E. nitens × E. globulus were distributed in two geographic zones: Arauco (12 tests) and Valdivia (15 tests), where growth and wood properties measurements were recorded at different ages. The hybrid population is composed of clones from 28 full-sib families, being the result of crossing 12 E. nitens females an

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44

Klimenko, Irina, Nikolay Kozlov, Anastasia Shamustakimova, and Vladimir Dushkin. "INVESTIGATION OF FORAGE CROPS GENETIC DIVERSITY USING MOLECULAR DNA MARKERS." Adaptive Fodder Production 2019, no. 4 (2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2019-4-89-100.

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Genetic diversity is the precondition for any selection program. The collection and exploitation of natural variation from ecotypes and landraces has played a vital role in the improvement of forage crops. The review is devoted to the most important aspects of studying the genetic variation in populations, cultivars, samples and forms of wild and cultivated forage plants. The factors with negative impact on the biodiversity conservation have been determined. The main types of genetic markers that used for genetic recourses of perennial grasses evaluation were described. Particular attention wa

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45

Hersch-Green, Erika I., Nash E. Turley, and Marc T. J. Johnson. "Community genetics: what have we accomplished and where should we be going?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1569 (2011): 1453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0331.

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Research in community genetics seeks to understand how the dynamic interplay between ecology and evolution shapes simple and complex communities and ecosystems. A community genetics perspective, however, may not be necessary or informative for all studies and systems. To better understand when and how intraspecific genetic variation and microevolution are important in community and ecosystem ecology, we suggest future research should focus on three areas: (i) determining the relative importance of intraspecific genetic variation compared with other ecological factors in mediating community and

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46

Xu, Longlan, Yuhua He, Lingli Tang, Yongyang Xu, and Guangwei Zhao. "Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding in Melon." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (2022): 2891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112891.

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Melon is an important horticultural crop worldwide. The high diversity of melon makes it a model plant for various different properties. Some quantitative trait loci or candidates have been discovered, but few were verified as limiting genetic transformation and genome editing systems. Identifying new genetic resources with resistance and special fruit quality traits is imperative to develop effective and useful breeding technologies in melon. This review describes the advances in genetics, genomics, and the breeding of melon and puts forward some recommendations in these areas.

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47

Gartland, Kevan, Robert Crow, Trevor Fenning, and Jill Gartland. "Genetically Modified Trees: Production, Properties, and Potential." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 29, no. 5 (2003): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2003.030.

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Genetic modification using Agrobacterium- or biolistic-mediated gene transfer can overcome the limitations of conventional tree breeding. Alternatives to the use of antibiotic resistance selectable markers and how they might be used to overcome potential public concerns are described. Applications of genetic modifications to trees include altered wood properties, speeding up breeding cycles, forests as pharmaceutical factories, dendroremediation, and improved resistance to pests and diseases, as well as the restoration of sensitive landscapes.

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48

Ibrahim, B. S. K. K., M. O. Tokhi, M. S. Huq, R. Jailani, and S. C. Gharooni. "Fuzzy Modelling of Knee Joint with Genetic Optimization." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 8, no. 1 (2011): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/103031.

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Modelling of joint properties of lower limbs in people with spinal cord injury is significantly challenging for researchers due to the complexity of the system. The objective of this study is to develop a knee joint model capable of relating electrical parameters to dynamic joint torque as well as knee angle for functional electrical stimulation application. The joint model consists of a segmental dynamic, time-invariant passive properties and uncertain time-variant active properties. The knee joint model structure comprising optimised equations of motion and fuzzy models to represent the pass

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Quan, Mingyang, Xin Liu, Qingzhang Du, et al. "Genome-wide association studies reveal the coordinated regulatory networks underlying photosynthesis and wood formation in Populus." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 15 (2021): 5372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab122.

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Abstract Photosynthesis and wood formation underlie the ability of trees to provide renewable resources and perform ecological functions; however, the genetic basis and regulatory pathways coordinating these two linked processes remain unclear. Here, we used a systems genetics strategy, integrating genome-wide association studies, transcriptomic analyses, and transgenic experiments, to investigate the genetic architecture of photosynthesis and wood properties among 435 unrelated individuals of Populus tomentosa, and unravel the coordinated regulatory networks resulting in two trait categories.

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José, Marco, and Gabriel Zamudio. "Symmetrical Properties of Graph Representations of Genetic Codes: From Genotype to Phenotype." Symmetry 10, no. 9 (2018): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10090388.

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It has long been claimed that the mitochondrial genetic code possesses more symmetries than the Standard Genetic Code (SGC). To test this claim, the symmetrical structure of the SGC is compared with noncanonical genetic codes. We analyzed the symmetries of the graphs of codons and their respective phenotypic graph representation spanned by the RNY (R purines, Y pyrimidines, and N any of them) code, two RNA Extended codes, the SGC, as well as three different mitochondrial genetic codes from yeast, invertebrates, and vertebrates. The symmetry groups of the SGC and their corresponding phenotypic

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