Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Génétique de populations'
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Jay, Flora. "Méthodes bayésiennes en génétique des populations : relations entre structure génétique des populations et environnement." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENS026/document.
Full textWe introduce a new method to study the relationships between population genetic structure and environment. This method is based on Bayesian hierarchical models which use both multi-loci genetic data, and spatial, environmental, and/or cultural data. Our method provides the inference of population genetic structure, the evaluation of the relationships between the structure and non-genetic covariates, and the prediction of population genetic structure based on these covariates. We present two applications of our Bayesian method. First, we used human genetic data to evaluate the role of geography and languages in shaping Native American population structure. Second, we studied the population genetic structure of 20 Alpine plant species and we forecasted intra-specific changes in response to global warming. STAR
Borsa, Philippe. "Génétique des populations d'organismes marins." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660051.
Full textJay, Flora. "Méthodes bayésiennes pour la génétique des populations : relations entre structure génétique des populations et environnement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648601.
Full textCercueil, Alain. "Contributions statistiques en génétique des populations." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10098.
Full textThis thesis presents some application of stochastical and statistical technics in the fiels of evolution and population genetics. It contains three independant parts. The first part discusses a simplified model of evolution including strong selection. It discusses as well some algorithms sometime used for the purpose of optimisation. These models have been studied using large deviation techniques. It allowed us to state some results about the mean hitting time of a population with a better fitness. The second parts deals about parentage analysis. The software parente has been to analyse parentage relationship within a sample. This software may retrieve maternity, paternity or both at the same time. The probability that these relations are true are computed as well. Parente may also uses dates of birth and date of death during computation. The third part describes a method for analysing spatial genetic structure of a population. It is a descriptive statistical method. It allows to calculate a neighbourhood size at any location. This neighbourhood size is somehow the size of the largest homogenous neighbourhood. The visualization of these results along the study area allows to make some inference on the population structure
Vitalis, Renaud. "Génétique des populations subdivisées : théorie et applications." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00535513.
Full textBarrière, Antoine. "Génétique des populations du nématode Caenorhabditis elegans." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066441.
Full textBen, Abderrazak Souha. "Variabilité génétique des populations de "Plasmodium falciparum"." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20013.
Full textVayssade, Chloé. "Interaction entre démographie et génétique dans les petites populations : études sur un Hyménoptère parasitoïde avec incompatibilités génétiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960320.
Full textEt-Touil, Khalid. "Structure génétique des populations du Cronartium ribicola canadiennes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq31716.pdf.
Full textBlum, Michael G. B. "Statistique bayésienne et applications en génétique des populations." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766196.
Full textGourjon, Géraud. "L'estimation du mélange génétique dans les populations humaines." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20686/document.
Full textDifferent methods have been developed to estimate the genetic admixture contributions of parental populations to a hybrid one. Most of these methods are implemented in different software programs that provide estimates having variable accuracy. A full comparison between ADMIX (weighted least square), ADMIX95 (gene identity), Admix 2.0 (coalescent-based), Mistura (maximum-likelihood), LEA (likelihood-based) and LEADMIX (maximum-likelihood) software programs has been carried out, both at the “intra” (test of each software programs) and “inter” level (comparisons between them). We tested all of these programs on a real human population data set, using four kinds of markers, autosomal (Blood groups and KIR genes) and uniparental (mtDNA and Y-Chromosome). We demonstrated that the accuracy of the results depends not only on the method itself but also on the choice of loci and of parental populations. We consider that the results of admixture contribution rates obtained from human population data set should not be considered as an accurate value but rather as an indicative result and we suggest using an “Admixture Indicative Interval” as a measurement of admixture
Theodorou, Konstantinos. "Processus génétiques au sein de petites populations et de populations fragmentées : implications pour la biologie de la conservation." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066550.
Full textLambert, Amaury. "Processus de branchement, génétique des populations et généalogies aléatoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00252415.
Full textNous modifions d'abord les arbres branchants afin d'en obtenir des versions stationnaires, de deux façons : en introduisant des interactions de type compétitif entre les individus, de manière à réguler la taille de la population ("processus de branchement logistique"); en appliquant divers conditionnements, au sens des h-processus de Doob : conditionnement du processus de Lévy associé à rester dans un intervalle, conditionnement à la non-extinction des CB-processus (Q-processus), mais aussi des CB-processus avec interactions, sous leur forme diffusion.
Nous étudions la probabilité de fixation d'un mutant, question qui conditionne l'évolution de la diversité. En utilisant la théorie des diffusions, nous proposons un cadre unifié permettant de comparer deux modèles classiques et le modèle de branchement logistique. Puis nous munissons les individus d'un trait quantitatif soumis à des mutations, et nous suivons, par une approche micro--macro, l'évolution du trait résident ("diffusion canonique de la dynamique adaptative").
Nous étudions la généalogie associée aux CB-processus avec immigration, dont un cas particulier est le Q-processus cité plus haut. Nous construisons des arbres branchants (dont la largeur n'est pas markovienne), dits \emph{arbres de ramification}, sur lesquels se voient directement les deux types de généalogies associées aux CB-processus, qui ont été découvertes par J.-F. Le Gall et ses collaborateurs. Nous donnons également une démonstration de la représentation de Lamperti des CB-processus comme processus de Lévy changés de temps.
Nous décrivons de façon rétrospective la structure généalogique des CB-processus, puis celle des arbres de ramification, comme le fait une des approches phares de la génétique des populations moderne, dite théorie de la coalescence.
Des collaborations dans divers domaines de la biologie des populations sont également exposées : génétique des populations classique, écologie des invasions, biologie de la conservation.
Coudray, Clotilde. "Histoire génétique et évolution des populations berbérophones nord-africaines." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30185.
Full textThis research describes the genetic diversity of current North-African Berber communities according to three polymorphisms: the immunoglobulin allotypes (Gm system), some autosomic microsatellites and the mitochondrial DNA. Original data are presented for populations from Morocco and Egypt. Our multi-field study is based on biological, archaeological, historical, geographical and linguistic data in order to retrace the origins and the genetic history of Berber-speakers. For all markers, our results show that the Berbers are genetically closed to European populations but that they are differentiated from sub-Saharan groups. By the analysis of Siwan Berbers (from Egypt), a clear distinction is revealed between them and Berbers from the Maghreb. Then, we note that in North-West Africa, there isn’t a genetic differentiation between Berber- and Arabic-speakers
Perrier, Charles. "Structure génétique des populations de saumon Atlantique en France." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2070.
Full textThis thesis investigates the genetic structure among Atlantic salmon populations from France. We more specifically studied the influence of environmental factors and stocking on the spatial distribution of genetic diversity. We genotyped at 17 microsatellite markers 1739 individuals from 34 French rivers, from old (1965-1987) and recent (1998-2006) cohorts. Analyses of recent samples classed individuals into five genetically and geographically distinct groups. Distance among estuaries and river length were strong predictors of population structure. Moreover, the positive trend between body size and river length and the higher differentiation of the population having farthest spawning grounds off the river mouth suggest local adaptation to upstream migration difficulty. Comparison of recent and old samples showed a general reduction of differentiation among populations and some high introgression rates most probably resulting from stocking. In some depopulated rivers were no stocking was performed we observed natural recolonization by fish from neighbouring and distant stocks. To quantify the impact of stocking on some populations for which it was precisely documented, we developed an approach using temporally explicit simulations. This study suggests low fitness of stocking fish. In parallel to genetic analyses, we carried on microchemistry analyses of otolith from some fish from stocked populations. Coupling genetic and microchemistry analyses on the same individuals allowed identifying river-born fish with hatchery pedigrees, discriminating them from hatchery-born fish with same genetic characteristics
Barral, Véronique. "Identification, relations phylétiques, processus d'isolement et divergences inter-populations chez les schistosomes : Approche par l'étude de marqueurs génomiques (RAPD)." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0243.
Full textOlivieri, Isabelle. "Sélection et optimisation : au carrefour de la génétique, de la démographie et de l'écologie." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20250.
Full textTiret, Mathieu. "Approche multilocus du génome dans les modèles de génétique des populations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA002/document.
Full textPopulation genetics is the study of the evolution of allelic frequencies within a population and the influence of evolutionary pressures on these frequencies. Within this field, one could develop population models and measures to explain and predict genetic data. However, as technologie evolves new types of data are available, and it becomes essential to develop new models and new measures to reflect these new genetic marker data, increasingly richer and denser thanks to the advent of new techniques such as the Next Generation Sequencing. To this end, we propose in this thesis to develop new measures with the so-called multilocus approach, which considers the genome as a whole rather than an agglomerate of independent loci. We have first tried to build a theoretical basis for the multilocus approach in population genetics. Then, we have illustrated this multilocus approach with the case studies of identity by descent, ancestral recombination graphs and autocorrelograms in population genetics models. Through these different studies, we tried to identify the main issues and questions that the multilocus population genetics raises
Gagnon, Nicolas. "Mesure et analyse de l'effet fondateur dans les populations de Charlevoix et du Bas-Saint-Laurent." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1998. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textManry, Jérémy. "De la génétique des populations à l'immunologie : les interférons chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066158.
Full textSoegono, Dinar Tri Soelistyowati. "Caractérisations génétiques de populations d'huîtres tropicales : crassostrea et saccostrea." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2025.
Full textBerestycki, Julien. "Structures aléatoires de branchement et applications en génétique des populations." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552025.
Full textVerdu, Paul. "Anthropologie génétique des populations d'Afrique centrale : histoire du peuplement Pygmée." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0002.
Full textCentral Africa is peopled by sedentary agriculturalists neighbouring hunter-gatherer populations: the Pygmies. Archaeological remains attest the presence of Homo sapiens in the Congo Bassin since at least 30,000 years. However, little is known about the origins of pygmy populations, nor is known about ancient demography or past human migrations in this area of the world. We use an interdisciplinary approach between ethnology and population genetics, aiming to unravel the unknown history of Central African peopling. First, we present elements of anthropology concerning the pygmy/non-pygmy categorization, and the DNA sampling strategy developped in three pygmy groups from Gabon and Uganda. Then, we present population genetics results on more than 30 Central African populations genotyped for 28 autosomal microsatellites. Our results converge towards a historical peopling of Central Africa where all pygmies share a common ancestor that diverged from the non-pygmies about 70,000 years ago. Moreover, our results suggest that the expansion of agriculture in Central Africa some 4,000 years ago, fundamentaly affected ancient relationships between pygmies and non-pygmies. Such expansion may have fragmented pygmy habitat, isolating the various populations. Moreover, heterogeneous gene flows from non-pygmy populations towards each pygmy group, may have enhanced the genetic differentiation found nowadays among african pygmies. Finally, such heterogeneous admixture is consistent with the various sociocultural behaviour characterizing specifically each pygmy / non-pygmy realtions, thus highlighting the potential major influence of sociological behaviours in mankind biological evolution
Kotulas, Georgios. "Différenciation géographique et structure génétique des populations de Solea vulgaris." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20129.
Full textGuerrini, Françoise. "Génétique des populations et phylogénie des "Leishmania" du Nouveau Monde." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20052.
Full textFicheux, Sébastien. "Dynamique et génétique des populations de cistude d'Europe Emys orbicularis." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS068/document.
Full textDispersal, characterized by the movements of individuals in space leading to gene flows, allows populations to connect. The study of dispersal has become of essential importance to predict the consequences of global changes on the population structures and dynamics. Species with limited dispersal, such as chelonians, are particularly threatened by these phenomena. Our study aimed at analyzing the dispersal of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), in decline in Europe, in a habitats fragmentation context and determining the causes of this behavior through analysis of population dynamics and genetics. Our results show, firstly, that the slow generation time in Emys orbicularis (about 12 years) may slow the genetic erosion by drift. This slow erosion is accentuated with large populations such as Kerkini populations, even with a strong fragmentation. On the other hand, selection would have favored philopatry in females in habitats with few nesting site and deers, because they have the advantage of territoriality. In contrast, the cost of dispersal decreases for males because this behavior allows inbreeding avoidance. The European pond turtles seem very sensitive to intra-specific competition. Indeed, the relaxation of adult density-dependence allows for a significant recruitment of juveniles. This dynamic promotes an unexpected rapid response of the population after a major disturbance, because chelonians are long-lived animals with a late age of first reproduction and very high generation time, therefore, the time of resilience to perturbations is also expected to be high
Meusnier, Isabelle. "Origine et diversité génétique des populations de l'algue verte Caulerpa taxifolia proliférant en Méditerranée." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-149.pdf.
Full textChampagnon, Jocelyn. "Conséquences des introductions d’individus dans les populations exploitées : l’exemple du Canard Colvert Anas platyrhynchos." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20147/document.
Full textThe consequences of releasing captive-reared game animals into the wild have received little attention, despite their potential impact for receiving populations in terms of demography, behaviour, morphometrics, genetics and pathogens. The present study considers Mallards Anas platyrhynchos released for hunting purposes, an increasing practice in Europe over the last 30 years. Because of domestication process in game farm facilities, our study shows high natural mortality of these ducks once released compared to wild Mallards, in addition to high vulnerability to hunting. A clear genetic differentiation allows discrimination of released and wild Mallards. Hybridization with wild Mallards exists, but did not result into significant introgression. Generally, genetic as well as demographic contributions of captive-bred birds to the natural population were low, but a morphological modification associated with releases was recorded over 30 years in natural population. Ecological consequences of the releases for the wild population seem to be limited, but caution should be maintained on the possible transmission of pathogens (occasionally high prevalence of avian Influenza A in some breeding facilities) and the genetic risks associated with long-term releases
Kohi, N'Goran Jeanne Andi. "Contribution à l'étude génétique du cacaoyer par les marqueurs moléculaires : diversité génétique et recherche de QTLs." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20159.
Full textBerrebi, Patrick. "Génétique des populations marines : le modèle "flet" (Platichthys flesus L. 1758, Téléostéen, Pleuronectidé)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20073.
Full textCrochet, Pierre-André. "Structure génétique des populations chez le goéland leucophée, phylogéographie et phylogénèse chez les laridés." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20228.
Full textDujardin, Jean-Pierre. "Etude genetique de quelques populations naturelles des vecteurs de la maladie de chagas." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066119.
Full textEsnault, Caroline. "Les élèments transposables, marqueurs de différenciation génétique des populations d'Anopheles gambiae." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10150.
Full textIn Sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae is one of the principal vectors of plasmodium, the malaria parasite. New strategies to eradicate this disease, like the construction of a genetically modified mosquito resistant to the plasmodium, are currently being developed. These strategies need a deep knowledge of the genome and population structure of anopheles. Insertion polymorphism of three transposable elements (TE) has been used to detect the structure in An. Gambiae natural populations. Results show that a high genetic differentiation divides the species in two molecular forms, M and S, that segregate in African populations. These results reinforce the hypothesis of an undergoing speciation between the molecular forms. Localization on chromosome arms of insertions characteristic of each molecular form suggests that differentiation concerns a large part of the genome, where as previous studies limit the differentiated regions to some regions on chromosomes X and 2L. Transcriptional activity of the three TE differs between tissues and between populations. These results highlight the importance of tissues-specific and population-specific regulation ways of TE expression. The expression variation does not show any correlation with molecular forms, but seems to be correlated with copy number, suggesting that genome characteristics related to the molecular forms do not lead to a specific expression pattern
Dalongeville, Alicia. "Variation génétique et persistance des populations en milieu marin : implications pour la conservation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT093/document.
Full textWorld marine ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented anthropic pressures inducing rapid environmental changes that threaten the persistence of wild species and their local populations. Hence, understanding the effects of genetic variability and dispersal capacities on marine population persistence is a key issue for the conservation of biodiversity. My PhD work had two main objectives: (i) evaluate the spatial distribution and drivers of genetic variation across coastal marine fish populations, and (ii) estimate the response of populations to climate changes in order to better understand their ability to persist.First, by performing a synthesis of published literature on 31 Mediterranean fish species, I showed that ecological traits related to mobility and population size strongly influence the level of within-population genetic diversity across species. Then, I studied the drivers of spatial genetic variation using genetic data from 727 individuals of the stripped red-mullet (Mullus surmuletus) collected in 72 sites around the Mediterranean Sea, and grouped into 47 pools genotyped for 1153 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Seascape genetic analyses showed that larval dispersal predominantly structures M. surmuletus genetic variation at intermediate and local spatial scales (<1000 km), whereas geographic isolation, due to population demographic history or adaptation, is the main driver at larger spatial scale. Lastly, studying the adaptive genetic variation of M. surmuletus using genome scan revealed a potential adaptive response of this species to the East-West gradient in salinity across the Mediterranean Sea.Subsequently, using a demo-genetic model to simulate coral population dynamics and resilience across the Indo-pacific corals, I showed that the process of ‘evolutionary rescue’ can help genotypes adapted to warm ocean waters to move and migrate between populations thanks to larval connectivity. Evolutionary rescue can thus promote the persistence of populations by allowing them to adapt to environmental changes that would otherwise lead to population declines or even local extinctions.Finally, all of these results highlighted the need to better consider connectivity and the evolutionary potential of species in conservation strategies, in order to maximize their resilience capacity and long-term persistence in the face of more severe environmental crises
Avramova, Marta. "Génétique des populations et diversité de l’espèce Brettanomyces bruxellensis : étude de la tolérance aux sulfites." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0911/document.
Full textBrettanomyces bruxellensis is a microorganism described as the first cause of microbial spoilage of wine. Its industrial relevance is highlighted by the fact that this yeast is isolated from different substrates such as beer, kombucha, bioethanol fermentation molasses and others. This project aims to explore the genetic diversity of the species by studying a large population of isolates from various geographical and ecological niches. For this purpose, a robust genotyping method (microsatellite analysis) was optimized and applied on the population, thus highlighting the coexistence of diploid and triploid populations worldwide. Further, the relation between genotypic clustering and physiological traits was studied. Namely, sulphite tolerance assay was performed on a subset of strains representative of the total population. The results reveal a link between genetic group and growth profile in the presence of sulphur dioxide. Competition experiments in presence of sulphites highlight a selective advantage of sulphite tolerant strains compared to sulphite sensitive ones, thus suggesting a specific adaptation to the main antimicrobial used in winemaking. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of this wine spoilage microorganism in means of genetic and phenotypic diversity and sheds light on putative evolutionary strategies for adaptation to human related environment of this non-conventional model yeast species
Tollenaere, Charlotte. "Génétique et évolution du rat noir (Rattus rattus), réservoir de la peste à Madagascar." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20205.
Full textSelective pressure applied by pathogens can lead to extremely rapid evolutionary changes on their hosts. It could be the case for the black rat (Rattus rattus), which presents populations resistant to plague (Yersinia pestis infection), where plague have been endemic since about one century, whereas low altitude zone (where the disease is absent) populations are plague susceptible. The black rat is the only possible plague reservoir in Madagascar. This work aims to study plague resistance in R. Rattus, as this trait has important consequences for the disease transmission and maintenance. Neutral genetic patterns agree with a unique colonization of Madagascar by the the black rat, 1000-2000 years ago, from Arabian Peninsula. As for humans, rat settlement would have begun by coastal regions, and latter expanded to the central highlands. Experimental work (controlled infestations and crosses) allowed the study of the resistance phenotype and its offspring transmission. Resistance level variation between plague focus and plague-free zone was confirmed and extended to other localities. Finally candidate gene and genomic approaches lead to detect genetic markers potentially undergoing divergent selection between plague focus and plague free zone than neutral loci and/or associated with experimental plague challenge issue
Odabachian, Morgane. "Etude des populations égyptiennes anciennes et actuelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11026.
Full textChangey, Frédérique. "Etude de l'évolution du potentiel génétique de populations bactériennes dégradant l'atrazine." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806324.
Full textHenry, Benoit. "Processus de branchements non Markoviens en dynamique et génétique des populations." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0135/document.
Full textIn this thesis we consider a general branching population. The lifetimes of the individuals are supposed to be i.i.d. random variables distributed according to an arbitrary distribution. Moreover, each individual gives birth to new individuals at Poisson rate independently from the other individuals. The tree underlying the dynamics of this population is called a splitting tree. The process which count the number of alive individuals at given times is known as binary homogeneous Crump-Mode-Jagers processes. Such processes are known, when properly renormalized, to converge almost surely to some random variable. Thanks to the study of the underlying splitting tree through the tools introduced by A. Lambert in 2010, we show a central limit theorem associated to this a.s. convergence. Moreover, we suppose that individuals undergo mutation at Poisson rate under the infinitely many alleles assumption. We are mainly interested in the so called allelic frequency spectrum which describes the frequency of sizes of families (i.e. sets of individuals carrying the same type) at fixed times. Thanks to the methods developedin this thesis, we are able to get approximation results for the frequency spectrum. In a last part, we study some statistical problems for size constrained Galton-Watson trees. Our goal is to estimate the variance of the birth distribution. Using that the contour process of such tree converges to a Brownian excursion as the size of the tree growth, we construct estimators of the variance of the birth distribution
Chapuis, Marie-Pierre. "Génétique des populations d'un insecte pullulant, le criquet migrateur, Locusta Migratoria." Montpellier, ENSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0014.
Full textChaix, Raphaëlle. "Démographie, culture et diversité génétique : le cas des populations humaines nomades." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066045.
Full textRivière, Taiana. "Diversité génétique, structure des populations et phylogéographie des champignons ectomycorhiziens tropicaux." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20067.
Full textAriey, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de la génétique des populations de Plasmodium falciparum." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066576.
Full textDelaye, Christelle. "Structuration génétique de populations de tiques (Ixodes ricinus) vecteurs de micropathogènes." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20159.
Full textPonsonnet, Cécile. "Structure génétique des populations d'Agrobacterium : apport à l'écologie des plasmides Ti." Lyon 1, 1994. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6ht2nh0.
Full textRochus, Christina. "Diversité génétique du mouton domestique : exemple de populations suédoises et françaises." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0008.
Full textDomestic sheep are raised for meat, milk and fibre production and are found all around the world in many types of environments. Sheep have been shown to be genetically diverse but this genetic diversity has not been fully described: there are still many sheep populations which have not yet been studied. The purpose of this thesis was to study genetic diversity in Swedish and French sheep breeds using high density marker arrays. Additional methods, including genotyping of microsatellite markers, and endogenous retroviruses and pedigree information were used to study Swedish sheep populations. Inbreeding and heterozygosity estimated in Gute sheep using the pedigree of the entire registered Swedish population and additionally microsatellite genotypes and pedigree from a sample of the population (N=94) indicated a breeding program with the purpose of reducing inbreeding. Studying genetic relationships among breeds by genotyping endogenous retroviruses indicated Klövsjö, Värmland, Finewool, Gute and Roslag sheep breeds had characteristics of primitive breeds (absence of retroviruses or presence of the specific retrovirus event enJSRV-7) although Finewool, Gute and Roslag sheep breeds had moderate frequencies of enJSRV-18 which is indicative of more modern sheep breeds. Studying variants in two coat colour genes, ASIP and MC1R, and their association with black coat colour revealed different selection histories in five Swedish sheep breeds studied. Studying the population structure of Dalapäls, Fjällnäs, Gotland, Gute and Klövsjö sheep, using high density SNP genotyping revealed that these breeds are genetically distinct breeds. When comparing with other European breeds and south west Asian breeds, they grouped with other north European short-tailed sheep breeds and they had generally accumulated more drift than breeds from other geographical areas. Studying 27 French breeds with high density genotypes revealed that French sheep populations harbour much of European sheep diversity in a small geographic area. Selective sweeps identified: selection hotspots, selection targets in many species; introgression of an adaptive allele; and allelic heterogeneity, which was confirmed with targeted resequencing of a coat colour gene, MC1R, in breeds under selection
Chassaing, Olivier. "Organisation génétique des populations d'esturgeon européen Acipenser sturio : passé, présent, futur." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20252/document.
Full textThe European sturgeon Acipenser sturio (Linnaeus, 1758) was a common fish of our rivers until the beginning of the 20th century. All populations are now extinct except one which survives in the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne basin in France. Data available on this species are only partial because they only stem from this relictual population. During this thesis, more than one hundred ancient sturgeon samples archaeological remains or naturalized museum specimens were analysed by paleogenetics means. These genetics anlyses were carried out on mitochondrial DNA (mainly the Dloop) and five microsatellites loci which were adapted to ancient DNA methodologies. Paleogenetics data that we obtained were used to study : 1) A. sturio interactions with other sturgeon species which live or lived in Europe, especially the Adriatic sturgeon A. naccarii and the atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus. 2) the genetic diversity of A. sturio all over its former geographical range. 3) genetic diversity of a population of the European sturgeon through time the Rhone River population from a period it was flourishing until its extinction. All these data were considered in the light of the species conservation, since A. sturio is now critically endangered
Balaresque, Patricia. "Dynamique intra- et inter-spécifique d'une famille de microsatellites localisés sur les chromosomes sexuels des primates." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0045.
Full textAndrianasolo, Domohina Noromalala. "Génétique des populations et modèles d'architecture et de production végétale : application à la préservation des ressources génétiques des Mascarocoffea." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20225.
Full textMascarocoffea species (61 / 124 described, endemics to Madagascar) are highly endangered because of the considerable Madagascar area forest reduction. For their preservation, assessment of the Mascarocoffea diversity level in the FOFIFA Kianjavato Collection Research Station compared to four in situ populations was made. The collection population's diversity level is larger than that in situ, observed heterozygosity is similar with a significant allelic richness. Modeling the young individuals in these populations' growth and development by the GreenLab model helped to understand the development of the plant structure in accordance with the interspecific architectural variability in studied populations at different development stages. A good fitting on growth was obtained on the populations studied in the experimental plot. The evolution of the GreenLab model key variable, the source-sink ratio (Q / D), showed that the production of many more organs influences the ratio Q / D evolution in time. This variable affects organ size and Mascarocoffea architecture. An essay on adult individuals growing in different environments (in and ex situ), whose morphological, genetic and architectural parameters were determined in this study, would allow the plants response in terms of architecture depending on the environment in which they grow and to optimize the model. The detection of hybrid individuals in both in situ and at the collection would detect hybrids characters on the plant structure and consider integrating genetic parameters in the model
Génin, Emmanuelle. "Apport de la consanguinité pour l'étude du déterminisme génétique des maladies." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066085.
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