Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Génie militaire – France – Histoire'
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Hamelin, Fabrice. "La spécificité militaire, une construction institutionnelle : le cas de la formation des officiers du génie aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0038.
Full textRiccioli, Jean-Louis. "Les franchissements (1672-1960) : Une histoire de la tactique et de la technique du passage des cours d'eau par les armées françaises en opérations et sous menace ennemie." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30053.
Full textThonel, D'Orgeix Émilie de. "Évolution du dessin militaire à l'âge classique : esthétique et système de codification académique du dessin militaire vus à travers l'oeuvre des ingénieurs militaires royaux envoyés en Nouvelle-France à l'époque coloniale (1608-1759)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28438.
Full textColson, Bruno. "Le général Rogniat : premier ingénieur de la Grande Armée et critique militaire." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4078.
Full textGeneral Joseph Rogniat (1776-1840) was chief engineer of the Grande Armée in 1813. In 1816, he wrote a book on the art of war, in which he praised but also critized Napoleon. On the island of Saint-Helena, the emperor read the book, denigrated it and dictated harsh commentaries which were published in 1823. Rogniat was shocked and wrote a angry response. This contradictory exchange of ideas was quite unique. Its analysis and the reactions it produced lead to a re-evaluation of french military thought at the beginning of the 19th century. General Rogniat's brilliant career also provides a better insight into the role of the french engineer corps during the napoleonic wars. Rogniat was the son of a notary who was a member of the legislative assemby and personified the new bourgeois elite. General Rogniat served the Bourbon restauration and became a pear of France in 1831. Most of the archival sources used in this work come from the french military archives in Vincennes, the national archives in Paris and private papers
Erouihane, Nabil. "La « construction des armes navales » en France de 1871 à 1961 : naissance et restructuration d’un système politico-industriel." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30006.
Full textFrom 1871 to 1961, the French Navy underwent changes of all kinds which were at the origin of the emergence of a new system of production of naval weapons. This transformation was caused by a continuous need to strengthen the fleet, by successive and rapid technological innovations, and by the triumph of industrial capitalism. From the 3rd to the 5th Republic, the construction of naval weapons therefore passed from industrial practices centered on the traditional arsenals and factories of the Navy, to the command of warships entrusted to private industry
Sturmel, Philippe. "Justice et discipline militaires sous la Révolution et l'Empire : la dixième division militaire." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10060.
Full textThere were many writings about absence without leave during revolutionary and imperial times, but a few only concerned the dramatic means employed by the government to contain it : garnisaires, colonnes mobiles, arrests of soldiers' parents. The first ones were soldiers placed at the refractaire's home with a view to forcing him to join the army. Their existence had not been legal until December 1812. But as their action was considered inefficient, they were soon helped by specialized troops dedicated to the same task. From 1810 onwards, troops are very active. As far as parents' arrests are concerned, they merely reveal the government's lack of control of this plague. Military authorities were as well not in a position to maintain a strict discipline inside the army. Absence without leave, especially desertion, can be seen as a result of this situation. The main impact concerns the rise of cases brought to trial. The fact that little literature deals with this movement enabled us to have a comprehensive view of procedures followed and sentences. This study focuses on the tenth military division, made up of the regions of Haute-Garonne, Ariège, Tarn-et-Garonne, Gers, Pyrenées Orientales, Aude and Hautes-Pyrénées
Pouvesle, Philippe. "Le militaire, la trahison et le Droit." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020072.
Full textSuwaydī, Muḥammad Aḥmad al. "Le génie militaire de Khālid b. Al-Walīd." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE4191.
Full textCe travail est une combinaison d’étude historique et d’analyse de stratégie militaire sur le personnage de Khālid b. Al-Walīd b. Al-Mughīrah de la tribu de Qoraysh qui habitait La Mecque, est l’un des plus grands stratèges, voire le plus grand, dans l’histoire du monde musulman. Depuis son plus jeune âge, le père de Khālid l’initiait à l’art de la cavalerie et au maniement des armes. Et il l’envoya certainement chez les Arabes du désert comme la plupart des jeunes de Qoraysh afin de s’accoutumer à la vie dans le désert. Il se chargea au sein de sa famille du commandement de la cavalerie. Avant sa conversion à l'Islam, il était opposé au Prophète Muhammad, et lors de la journée d’Uhud en shawwāl 3/ mars 625, son génie se révéla et il contribua à la défaite des musulmans dans cette bataille. Quelque mois après sa conversion à l’Islam, Khālid se fit remarquer par son savoir faire pendant la bataille de Mu’tah contre les Byzantins en Jumādā I 8/septembre 629, en utilisant de nouvelles manœuvres tant sur le plan tactique qu’opératif et qui lui ont valu de se faire attribuer par le Prophète le surnom de Sayf Allah« sabre de Dieu ». Après la mort du Prophète au mois de Rabī‘ I 11 /juin 632, éclata une série de révoltes en Arabie communément appelée la Riddah (apostasie ou dissidence). Khālid, par ses actions, consolida le pouvoir du gouvernement de Médine. Après avoir mis de l'ordre en Arabie, son arrivée Khālid en Iraq au début de l'an 12/ mars 633, fut une surprise stratégique pour l’empire Sassanide, et ses actions successives prépara-t-il le terrain à la chute de cette dynastie. Au début de l’an 13/ avril 634, les troupes musulmanes qui étaient déjà en Syrie, prouvaient des difficultés face aux forces byzantines. Le premier calife Abū décida donc de projeter une partie des troupes de l'Iraq en Syrie et à leur tête évidemment Khālid, où son arrivée sur place après avoir traversé le désert de l'Iraq changea totalement la donne. Il mit en déroute les Byzantins et ce à plusieurs reprises pour finalement arriver à ce qui fut son chef-d'œuvre : la bataille de Yarmūk. Notre ambition dans cette étude était double : faire connaître un homme célèbre dans le monde arabo-musulman, mais presque totalement inconnu des spécialistes d'histoire militaire et évoquer le génie d’un Soldat qui, avant l’heure, savait utiliser toutes les ruses, les artifices, et l’intelligence qui font d’une bataille une victoire. Khālid b. Al-Walīd, Maître de la guerre, accompagna et soutint de manière brillante le Prophète Muhammad, est une figure majeur de l'histoire militaire et justifie une étude de fond, loin de toute considération politico-religieuse. A la fin de notre analyse de ce personnage hors du commun, on retiendra deux choses. En premier lieu, que certaines sources ont tendu à noircir son image tout au long de sa vie, surtout après sa conversion à l'Islam. Et en second lieu, il nous faut en effet réfléchir à la chronologie en vérifiant la conformité des dates attribuées par les sources à certaines batailles. Comme le cas lorsqu’elle coïncide avec un mois sacré
Giacomino, Claude Jean. "L'Outre-mer à travers le journal militaire officiel de 1873 à 1914." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30047.
Full textFrom 1873 to 1914, two thousand four hundred and eighty eight, presidential and government documents related to the overseas forces were published in the military official gazette. These documents implemented and put into working order all the troops of this wast army within the french colonies and protectorates according to their military situations and the progress of colonization the precision of the orders given in these documents is remarkable : they are all meticulously accurate in the slightest details. Nevertheless, they constantly reminded the officiers in charge to carry out the orders with some flexibility according
Frémeaux, Jacques. "L'administration militaire francaise en afrique blanche et noire (1830-1930)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30033.
Full textThis work tries to explain why and in what circumstances the french army was in charge to administrate large parts of african territories (called precisely military territories), during the colonial expansion of the xixth century and in the beginning of the xx the xxth century. The book is divided in three parts : 1st) the story of the military territories : "bureaux arabes" of north africa ; western sudan, tchad and mauritania. 2nd) study of the officer corps : specialization, recruiting, daily life. Their position towards the whole army and the colons. Their attitude towards the native and particularly muslim religion. 3rd) the native troops called "suppletifs", created and commanded by the french officers. Their political and military action. French military doctors working for expansion
Jouishomme, Bernard. "Le génie français et allemand en campagne sur le front occidental d'août à novembre 1914." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010637.
Full textIn spite of lessons from past experiences , command did not use the engineers correctly in the field from august to november 1914 , specially as far as lines of communication and field fortification are concerned in the offensive and defensive tasks. Six major wars took place from 1861 to 1912 , on different theaters of operations such as america during civil war , transvaal, the balkans, europe and far east. They showed that the engineers used varied techniques, mainly field fortification which allowed some armies to save personnel strength and produced to some other armies high casualties for underestimating the value of the factor terrain. In france and germany , the general doctrine was the offensive and the corresponding field manuals are in the same way , but command was not greatly concerned by the "fourth service". Training was generally well archieved in the engineer units but less efficient in infantry and cavalry ones. Equipments to carry out the missions were varied and basically well suited to the engineer and pioneer units with some superiority in the german army. Masses of about two million soldiers are going to face in august 1914 from alsace to belgium. The german imperial staff knows what he wants ; on the French side, the lack of informations and sometimes of decisions prevent command from having an overall plan. During four months of operations, sappers and pioneers carry out their mission properly but they are not always well commanded. Nevertheless , command of both side draw many lessons concerning the employment of engineers , organization and the manufacturing of different equipments. But will agreed sacrifices and lessons for the short and medium terms serve for future generations ?
Cattoir-Jonville, Vincent. "La fonction militaire du chef de l'État en France, de 1871 à nos jours : contribution à l'étude du pouvoir présidentiel en République." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL20004.
Full textWhat is generally underlined in studies on the presidential power in France since 1871 is the split between the third and fourth republics on the one hand and the fifth republic on the other hand. Particularly as far as the head of state's actual powers are concerned. The analysis of the head of state's military function in the long run reveal, on the contrary, a real continuity in the presidential institution. On the military level, the fifth republic should rather be considered as the heir to a tradition founded by Adolph Thiers - and kept up as well as can be since then - than as a split. Thus, on this level, the fifth republic is the outcome of the slow construction of an institution. A cyclical presentation of that institution, as regards the military function, can then be put forward. The setting-up of a strong presidential power (called "presidential government" or "principate") would evolve towards a magistrature of influence where the importance of the head of state's military role would still be significant, before ending in a comparative retirement of the head of state from the military field. As a reaction to that weakening, a strong presidential power would then reappear (the fifth republic would be one of those last stages)
Vivier, Thierry. "La politique aéronautique militaire de la France (janvier 1933 - septembre 1939)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010571.
Full textOur thesis deals with "French air power policy from 1933 to 1939". Trough this study, we tried to find the reason why French air force has been defeated during this tragical summer in 1940. Thus, we strove to inderstand the meaning of the main decisions which were made by French air ministers from january 1933 to the beginning of the second world war. From 1933 to jannary 1936, some mistakes were made. Several ministers (like general denain) dwelt on the difficulties of french air manufactor es and tried to improve their output without and result. Pierre Cot, air minister during the "popular front" and Guy La Chambre, who came after, succeded in restoring the situation partially. From 1936, french air power policy had a kind of rebirth. However, French air force, at the eve of the war, was not truly ready to fight
Seriu, Naoko. "Faire un soldat : une histoire des hommes à l'épreuve de l'institution militaire (XVIIIe s.)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0026.
Full textEntering into a vast movement of reforms in the second half of the XVIIIth century, the French army demonstrates its willingness to shape soldiers. Our analysis will first focus on this institution's new concern that appears in the opinions of officers. Debates about desertion, rewards or drill pave the way for a new line of separation between deserter and soldier, whose esteem has to be enhanced, and whose body has to be straightened up. When an individual enlists, what trials will he undergo to meet the norms and get accepted in this new worls? The cross-questionings of deserters allow us to analyze military life from the point of view of the individuals. Hierarchical violence, separation from family, conflicts with comrades are as many patterns generating the sufferong of soldiers. Speeches on soldiers, speeches from soldiers are echoing to shed light on the running of the institution
Brisou, Dominique. "Accueil, introduction et développement de l'énergie vapeur dans la Marine militaire française au XIXème siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040031.
Full textThe industrial revolution which acted France between 1815 and 1870 provoked a true maritime revolution in the French navy, because of steam-engine application for ship-propulsion, and its introduction into the navy yards for moving a lot of machine tools furnished by industry. A paddle fleet was developed into areas peripheral to the main sail fleet. However these new ships were not able for warfare, because they were very vulnerable and not able to have sufficient gunnery. After an estimation period (1843-1847), the screw propeller harmonized sail with steam, so that engineer Stanislas Dupuy de Lôme invented the first true steam capital ship (1850). Then many sail battleships were equipped by auxiliary engine which fitted in the new screw propeller. Since 1860 another adaptation was made necessary because of the invention of armored capital ship by Dupuy de Lôme, who developed for her an engine which profited by new science showing a better steam use. On that account, 1870 is an important date because surface condenser was adopted; this apparatus then authorized increase of pressure, thus flight of power practicable for ships
Masson, Rémi. "La Maison militaire du roi : d'une garde domestique à une élite militaire (ca. 1610-ca. 1715)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010672.
Full textAt the beginning of the Modern Times, the military household of the king of France was a mere personal guard of the sovereign and the royal family. Yet, in the second part of the XVIIe century, it became the head of the French army. The Maison du roi exerienced a real boost from the reign of Louis XIII onwards. However, it is actually with Louis XIV that this institution gathered the elite units of the army. These units were to serve as the head of his army and provide qualified officers, as well as close protection of the sovereign and his familiy. The objective of this research is to highlight the creation and organisation of the first elite units of the French army. This research also focuses on how the king’s military household illustrated the grip of the military by louis XIV, particulary through the compromise, which is established in the most prestigious body of the army between birth and merit
Colom, y. Canals Baptiste. "Le renseignement aérien en France (1945-1994)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040146.
Full textThrough the study of the Aerial Intelligence in France from 1945 to 1994, is to replace the use of this decision making tool on a long time scale to understand his perception among French policymakers. To analyze the evolution of Aerial Intelligence, we compared operational experiences with the doctrinal corpus and technological innovations of the collection system. We worked on tactical, strategic and political implications of our object of study to clarify the various aspects of his job perceptions. To better understand these evolutionary factors in the French context, we also introduced comparative points with the United States and Britain. It's also a way to perceive the influence of foreign factors on the using developments and perceptions of French aerial intelligence, but while specifying the French specificities. Between the collecting mission, defined as the reconnaissance and the entire Aerial Intelligence, the question arises is to know what is understood like the object to the perception of military or political decision maker. The Aerial Intelligence can it be understood in France as a separate intelligence service or just as a collection system at the service of decision-actor? The other question is how the various developments that have affected our object of study have influenced his using perceptions. Beyond these issues, the relationship between the image and the decision maker, specific to Aerial Intelligence, influences also its perspective of use?
Surreaux, Simon. "Les Maréchaux de France au XVIIIe siècle. Histoire sociale, politique et culturelle d’une élite militaire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040179.
Full textIn the society of the Ancient Regime, the marshals of France were in charge of the king’s military. In the 18th century, most of the eighty general officers were quite elderly when granted marshalcy. In a first part, this PhD highlights the shift from a title initially acquired to command during wartime to a favour granted during peacetime. The following parts explore the place of this elite within society. Through the study of matrimonial alliances, it is to be understood to what extent nobiliary endogamy or exogamy were part of a strategy of heritage maintenance and enrichment. The notarial deeds contribute to study the base of their wealth. The analysis of their heritage, debts and incomes permits to identify the fluctuations of their wealth, which shows that the marshals were an economically dynamic group and depending solely on traditional forms of investment. One can thus rebuild the marshals’ place in the city through their daily lives and their heritage’s management. The last part focuses on the culture of this military elite. The systematic analysis of wills testifies to their attitudes towards death. The internal curiosities of these noble men of war informs us about their behaviours as collectors. The marshals’ place in the social life of the time, in the Parisian or provincial academies, in the Masonic lodges, and certain salons, ends up this social, political as well as cultural history of a military elite that had been forgotten so far
Chazaud, Quentin. "Les régiments de zouaves de l'armée française sous le Second Empire, une société militaire du premier âge industriel." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040028.
Full textFrom contemporaries recordings as well as remembrances in the collective thought, zouaves are found to be the emblematically significant soldiers of Napoleon III's reign. Who were they ? This thesis is a form of " collective biography " of these men, based on a deep sociological survey from primary sources, as well as a tactical study of troops employment, in order to find out if they were the so called " elite " of their fame. My intention was also to make a prospective reflection about the impact of technological progress on a conscriptionless army, in relation with nowadays army reforms
Roullier, B. "Histoire militaire du roi racontée en almanachs, 1681-1697 : catalogue /." [Paris] : B. Roullier, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370188282.
Full textBadosa, Marc. "La désertion militaire en Roussillon de l'aventure de Louis XV à celui de Charles X (1715-1824)." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0633.
Full textDuring more than a century, from the advent of Louis XV to the one of Charles X, the deserters constitued an incredible challenge to the power. Pressure moral and financial, blackmail, propaganda omnipresent and noisy, military occupation and re-pressed exemplary, all, including forgiveness, was vainly implemented by the authorities to subdue military disobedience. In Roussillon, this acknowledgement of failure was all the more previsible as all contribued to this result. Border to Spain, the area was a genuine ground of asylum for the deserters. Traversed by montains covered with dense forests, skirting mediterranéan sea, the topography of the places offered to these men innumerable places of retreat. In addition, the authorities ran up constantly against the character recalcitrant and rebel of these hearts which were striving to destroy all governmental measurements
Massoni, Gérard-Antoine. "Un régiment de cavalerie légère de 1783 à 1815 : le 5° régiment de hussards, une histoire sociale et militaire." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1021.
Full textHistory of the 5th Hussars, from its creation in the last years of the Old Regime to the end of the Hundred Days, allows to study its social composition and the evolution of its recruitment, to know more about role of cavalry and the light cavalry in particular in its mission of war and to deal with the risks of the military history through the history of a military unit. Tanks to the archives of the “Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre”, it is possible to be acquainted with the real composition of the regiment by using its administrative registers : geographic origin, age, size, social condition, physical characteristics, recruitment, but also phenomena related to military life of the time : insubordination, military replacement, emigration, reaction from the officers and hussars to the various political changes. Systematic analysis of all the files of the officers and riders of the 5th Hussars, allows to study the life, the deaths of these soldiers from 1783 to 1815 : ranks and distinctions, the Masonic lodge of the regiment, losses because of military campaigns (the dead, wounded – the causes of death, nature of wounds), prisoners but also losses related to military life : diseases (type of the disease), deaths in hospitals, duels, desertion, short listed, changes of regiment. This research also tackles all the military operations the 5th Hussars took part into from 1783 to 1815 and the place of the regiment in these various campaigns
Palayret, Jean-Marie. "L'alliance impossible : diplomatie et outil militaire dans les relations franco-italiennes (1929-1938)." Strasbourg 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR30008.
Full textThis work examines the reasons and circumstances for the failure of the french-italian alliance in the period 1928-1939. It begins by presenting the stance taken by the various policy-makers on the french (briand, laval and weygand) and italian (Mussolini, Grandi and Badoglio) sides, vis-a-vis the power beyond the alps in the early thirties. The subsequent part of the book is dedicated to the events which exasperated the situation by increasing tensions, such as, colonial issues, naval parity and mussolini's revisionist opposition to collective security coupled with failed rapprochements (Jouvenel embassy, Four-power pact) all of which characterised the turbulent nature of the french-italian political and strategic relationship between 1929-1934. The renewal of german militarism which greatly concerned paris, and the rapidity of the third reich's rearmament, the general willingness to oppose the "anschluss", provided a brief respite in the military relations between the "latin sisters" which led to the chiefs of staff agreements between Denain-Valle and Gamelin-Badoglio, following the Rome and Stresa conferences. However events during the years 1936-1938 thwarted all expectations, for despite the willingness of french policy-makers and chiefs of staff, the french-italian alliance quickly sank, victim of Mussolini's ambitions over Ethiopia and the italian-british clash in the Mediterranean. Divided between the contradictory positions of its two virtual western allies, France tried in vain to reconciliate the secret military agreement reached with rome in june 1935, with its desire to seal its strategic destiny to Great britain. This transanctional attitude inspired the Hoare-Laval plan, and its subsequent failure which Mussolini regarded as an act of betrayal, and thus became another nail in the coffin of the french-italian alliance. In january 1936, mussolini initiated a "rapprochement" with the germans. The accession to power of the popular front further deepened the gap between the two countries. Blum and delbos refused to recognise the italian empire and hesitated in making concessions to appease mussolini which would have created divisions among the axis. During the spanish war, the italian intervention immediately took on an anti-french character which served to bring fascist italy and Hitler's reich ever closer. This tendancy was reinforced, after the
Fesquet, Frédéric. "Un corps quasi-militaire dans l'aménagement du territoire : les agents forestiers et le reboisement des montagnes méditerranéennes en France et en Italie aux XIXème et XXème siècles." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30072.
Full textSaliba, Fabrice. "Les politiques de recrutement militaire britannique et française (1920-1939)." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30029.
Full textMilitary recruiting policies determines the manpower owed to the army. Studying British and French army recruitment is not only a military history work. British and French traditions in this subject are very different. In United Kingdom, the army is constituted by voluntaries, professionals. In France, military manpower is mainly recruited by compulsory service. Otherwise, problems about military recruitment are closely linked with the State structures; thus it's possible to study on institutional, social and political indeed even diplomatic issues. Decisions about personnel, not only reflect the dominant tendency of the military policy of a State, but come within the more general scope linked with international relationships. Then, regulations determine partly the role given by the executive power to the army. The subject raises a lot of questions: Why France considered conscription as an essential point of her defence between the wars, while Britain thought that compulsory military service was impossible to implement in peacetime? Moreover, is military recruitment a consequence of the military policy, or is the manpower system influencing the military doctrine?
Bergès, Louis. "La Société civile contre le recrutement à l'époque de la conscription militaire, 1798-1814 : le cas des départements aquitains." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010633.
Full textTThe twelwe southwestern departements of Aquitaine sheltered from the end of the directoire an active resistance to enrollment in the army. Draft dodging was at its highest in 1798-1799 (year an VII of the revolution calendar) and from 1805 to 1807, when Napoléon gained his greatest victories ; it decreased gradually afterwards due to clever forms of repression by the authorities and did not reappear until the very end of the empire, when France was invaded. Draft dodging found a widespread support among civilians that went as far as local authorities and even some prefecture civil servants. At all levels of society, everyone had then favourite way of escaping the law : the sons of the upper class would hire a replacement, the less rich would obtain illegal exemptions, while the poorest were forced to flee from the family home without hope of return. Though the practice of replacement highlights the injustice of the whole arrangement, draft dodging hardly seems to be a reaction of the poverty stricken against the prejudices of the conscription system. It was, finally, all of society that was opposed to conscription and thus supported the draft dodgers. Faced with such opposition, the authorities reacted by mixing firmness, psychology and clemency. But the operations of garrisons and of flying columns heightened an already tense situation. The explosion of collective revolts, notably in the mountain cantons of Ariège and of Haute-Garonne recall the uprisings against the state as tax collector under the ancien regime
Chales, De Beaulieu Norbert. "Georges-Frédéric Dentzel (1755-1828) : une destinée européenne." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040336.
Full textGeorges-Frederich Dentzel was born in Durkheim in 1755. Although he came from a modest background, he nevertheless studied protestant theology in Halle and Iena. In 1770, he joined the "Royal Deux ponts" regiment as a chaplain, and later took part in the American war of independence from 1780 to 1783. At his return, he married S. L. Wolff, the daughter of the mayor of Landau. They had seven children, the oldest of whom, Louis, steadily climbed the rungs of the military ladder, while their daughter Caroline was to become the mother of Georges-Eugene Haussmann. Dentzel believed in revolutionary ideals. He founded the "Société des amis de la Constitution" in Landau, giving up his ecclesiastical functions. He is remembered as the defender of the Landau garnison from 28 July to 28 December 1793, when it was surrounded by the Austrians and the Prussians. He was unfairly accused of being an unworthy representative of the people and imprisoned, only narrowly escaping the guillotine. He was freed and rehabilited after the downfall of Robespierre. From 1806 onwards, he took part in virtually all the campaigns of the First Empire. He was created a baron of the Empire in 1808, and was awarded the Legion of honor in 1813. He was present at Waterloo together with his son, Louis. Denzel died in Versailles on 8 May, 1828, and buried there in the cemetery of Notre-Dame
Montroussier, Laurence. "Éthique et commandement au XIXe siècle : Le sens du devoir du chef militaire français à travers les mémoires, 1799-1848." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30039.
Full textThanks to a database containing 651 memoirs written by French army officers on duty between 1799 and 1848, we have been able to make out a sample of a hundred representative memoirs. The study of the defined corpus allowed us to discuss the different views of the military sense of duty throughout the wars of the first half of the nineteenth century related by their witnesses. A first part itemizing the different types of army officers according to their professional or educational background (upgrading from schools or service), their rank (general, colonel, captain, non-commissioned officers) brought to the fore the moral values spread among the army heads. A second typology based on the different types of conflicts (conventional and specific wars)showed that the sense of duty of army heads depended on the situation they had to deal with. Finally, it seems that the type of war rather than the heads themselves conditioned the representation of the sense of duty
Bourliaguet, Bruno. "L'AMGOT: CONTINGENCE MILITAIRE OU OUTIL DE POLITIQUE ÉTRANGÈRE?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26972/26972.pdf.
Full textBerthiau, Jean André. "Des maîtres entretenus aux ingénieurs : formation professionnelle et enseignement technique dans les arsenaux et établissements de la Marine (1819-1871)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040042.
Full textAt the beginning of the XIXth century, the navy maintained, in its arsenals, a certain number of "masters" in each profession for the building and the upkeep of the fleet. Their pay was annual, today they would be said to have a "unfixed term contract". The "maistrance" includes the "maitres entretenus" and the "contre-maitres", the latter being laborers. In 1819, a specific education is set up in the harbors for the workers intended to the "maistrance". The technical changes in shipbuilding bring about adaptations in programs and re-organizations of the schools, notably in 1868, with the setting up of two teaching levels. In 1912, the "maistrance" schools become the arsenals' technical schools, and stay scattered in the harbors. The creation, in 1934, of the ETSM certified engineer diploma marks the recognition of the quality of the teaching provided in the higher technical school. A real higher school is born with the single establishment at Aurillac in 1943, moving to Brest-Pontanézen in 1949. The higher technical school is replaced in 1971 by ENSIETA, thus losing its specialty of shipbuilding with the last year ETSM 68 and the first year ENSI 71…
Baudry, Marie-Pierre. "Les fortifications des Plantagenet en Poitou, 1154-1242." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010635.
Full textThe object of this research is to examine the angevin's fortifications in poitou, from 1152 to 1242. A close observation of archeological remains, as well as documentary evidences, brings us a few informations about the original way the buildings of the kings of england developped in that period. It reflects the history of the poitou, the relations between the angevins and the local nobility, as well as the building of the castles. The county of poitou covers the present-day departments of vendee, deux-sevres, and vienne. The province comes into angevin hands in 1152. Poitou doesn't seem to be a very important land for henry ii, who rather stays in anjou, and has to face several uprisings from the poitevin lords. As count of poitou, as soon as 1172, richard installes a new administration and builds fortifications (niort, scorbe-clairvaux, talmont). At the beginning of the 13th century, john lackland, and his son henri iii, are more interested in getting strongholds in poitou, since they lost normandy, anjou and touraine. Conceding grants and giving money, they encouraged some powerful local lords (thouars, parthenay, mauleon), or burgenses, to keep the control of their fortifications. A dozen of the hundred castles studied in poitou can be attributed to angevin architecture. This military architecture sees the development and the systematization of the flanking towers with arrow slits. Innovating details can be noticed such as the buttresses machicolations, arrow slits alcoves, or beaked towers. The influence of the oriental architecture is certain but the plantagenet style still presents a notable creativity. The excavations which would enable us to fully understand the architecture of those sites have not been carried out yet. But so far, the questions raised by the first survey lets us foresee new prospects for further research regarding the major part those castles played in the angevin policy
Dehaynin, Christian. "Les routes d'Algérie : 1830-1865." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080905.
Full textIn 1830, the knowledge of algerian space-physical, social and religious es the object of a conquest within the conquest. From conquest to control, the acquisition of knowledge outlines the hope of dominating algeria by the transformation of its space and time. The road is the first feature of the new arrangement of space and time. The presence side by side of civilians and soldiers (civil departement of engineering and military engineering) involved in the transformation of the territories, dranws a line of separation which runs through the phases of the transformation and organizes them around two poles that are, for the soldiers, strategy and, for the colonists, prosperity. The evolution of colonization shows that the road is the most effective auxiliary in the process of alienation and transformation of the territories. It encreases control and productivity, it furthes the creation of a twofold society. In thes respect, it is part and parcel of the colonist's attempt to dominate himself
Pau-Heyriès, Béatrix. "Le transfert des corps des militaires de la Grande Guerre : étude comparée France-Italie 1914-1939." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30058.
Full textAt the beginning of the war, transporting bodies was forbidden in France and Italy on the battle-fields. Death was a matter of State. As the latter, french and italian States refused nameless bodies, they decided to pay attention to military losses. In spite of all these efforts, nothing was done at the end of the war. Both latin States had to look for their dead soldiers on the battle-fields : burials, placing in the coffin, body-transportation, and re-burials in the war cemetaries. On order to deal with numerous expectations from the families and to ensure equality of all to the death, the bodies were sent back home at the expense of the State
Boulanger, Philippe. "Géographie historique de la conscription et des conscrits en France de 1914 à 1922 d'après les comptes rendus sur le recrutement de l'armée." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040241.
Full textThe geography of conscription and conscripts in France from 1914 to 1922 defines a field of thought both in space and time, starting from a military source the first field of research and the reports about recruitment made by the army then after those reports can be confronted to the analysis of others sources : civil and military, private and public they essentially offers to measure the singularity of conscription in the French space during the application time on the 7th august 1913 law's on military recruitment. Thank to this, it permits to define an original problematic : how this military institution, as regard to the deep political, social and cultural impacts, takes place in the metropolitan and national territory, as well as in the French national identity? Besides a first unity of sources and its critics, presentation of the method approach of this subject finds his articulation on two parts: the first about the territorial dimension of conscription, the second about the social geography of conscripts. In the first part will be seen the elements inherent in the historical geography of this military institution, which became universal and obligatory in 1905. The territorial structures, the regional contrasts of recruitment, the relationships between conscription, the territory and the national assimilation, define his spatial dimension, as well as on the military / political / cultural plane the second part turns on the sociocultural characteristics of conscripts. The levels of instruction the professions and the health of the young men, compiled and examined by the military administration are analyzed according to a spatiotemporal approach. They offer to measure, among others conclusions the progressive disparition of the Saint-Malo -Geneva line, that determinates a secularly and cultural between two France of inegal development
Hélin, Nathalie. "Honfleur et son arrière-pays : chronique d'un espace militaire (1367-1530)." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070083.
Full textEstablishing an outstanding fortress in Honfleur Charles V led the town and its hinterland, especially the Viscounty of Auge, in a military dynamic. This dynamic has remained so long as naval warfare animates the shores of the English Channel. Initial headquarters of the France Admiralty, the naval base quarters high ranking officers and the best privateers. During its military expansion, Honfleur is a population catcher attracting experts, craftsmen and merchants coming from other French provinces or foreign countries. It is a melting pot where all nationalities merge. Military activities and chandlery stimulate local economy even during the English occupation when the harbor and its hinterland worked with the English government. In troubled times and in a context of depopulation, uncultivated areas such as woods and pastures are stable assets. Officers' wages and privateers' catches are locally reinvested, especially in cattle. "Augeron" manors, agrarian investments, scattered in the countryside, reveal the affluence of local elites. The "Honfleurais" and the "Augerons", who are seafarers, prove to show solidarity, to be cultured, enterprising and multi-active. Seeing mobile, a large part of the population moved to the other bank of the estuary of the river Seine when the Havre de Grace was founded in 1517 to engage into international maritime trade which then takes precedence over military activities
Hantraye, Jacques. "La société française et la guerre : les invasions et les occupations étrangères en Seine-et-Oise (1814-1816)." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010669.
Full textRobichon, François. "La peinture militaire française de 1871 à 1914." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040035.
Full textMilitary painting was excluded from histories of French art after the First World War, coinciding with a change of taste among the elite. Without discarding an historical reading of this iconography, we proposed new readings highlighting the plastic inventions of this style. We set up a complete panorama of the military style, based on sociological, historical and esthetical components. Military painters have occupied a particular place in the French society, as a result of French-German relationships. Edouard Detaille dominated his generation and received its many honors. With the reproduction, the most famous paintings thereby reached a large audience. Developed after the defeat of 1871, military painting assumes this traumatism, and was focused on the rebuilding of the nation. It participates in a revisionist analysis of the "glorious" wars of the revolution and empire. In response to the use of modern arms in military battles, military painting invented "episode", a narrative structure, in order to emphasize moral values like courage and sacrifice. Composition's structures in military painting were changed and developed a more immediate relationship with the spectator. The major subjects of military painting during this era were the war of 1871, the colonial wars, the "new" army of conscription, the wars of the revolution and the first empire. First World War changed and involved this style. New approach replaced the traditional role of combat as subject: a new emphasis on allegory and symbol, soldier's sketches, and a new approach to historical painting. The expansion of cinema, but also and above all the total desire by the French nation to forget the war, explain the almost complete disappearance of military painting after 1918
Moulin, Philippe Alain Georges. "Le service de santé militaire et la Révolution de 1848." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M161.
Full textHeyriès, Hubert. "Les militaires savoyards et niçois entre deux patries (1848-1871) : Approche d'histoire militaire comparée armée française, armée piémontaise, armée italienne." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30004.
Full textIn 1860, 602 officers and 12 329 savoyards and nicois had to choice between france and italy in conformity with the treaty of turin signed the 24 mars of 1860 by france and piemont. This treaty gave the savoie and nice to france. So, from 1848 to 1871, these soldiers have been taken between two countries. There are three periods: -between two culturs, 1848-1860 -between two lands, 1860 -between provincial identity and national identity, 1860-1871 from 1848 to 1860, in the employ of the king of piemont-sardaigne, these soldiers chose army by tradition and by ambition. Soldiers of quality, the officers took advantage of wars in 1848-1849, 1855-1856 and 1859, but the system of recruiting imposed by the general la marmora maked heavy the conscription. So, civils and soldiers voted in majority to the reunion of savoie and nice to france the 15-16 and 22-23 april 1860. The passage of these soldiers in france has been easy. But the officers have been divided. The minority chose france with reticence. The majority chose italy by fidelity to the king, by national feeling and by ambition. But these choices have been tragic for many of them. From 1860 to 1871, the integration in france has been difficult and disappointing, and the french system of recruiting permitted an integration +by force;. In italy, the integration has been fast, the carriers more prosperous, the mutation from alpes to sicile accepted. But the relation ships with savoie and nice have not been cut. In 1870-1871, the war between french and germans waked up risorgimental dreams in italy, while savoyars and nicois, for the firs time, fighted for france and their lands. Gradually, the national identity and the provincial identity met and the integration became a reality
Crépin, Annie. "Levées d'hommes et esprit public en Seine-et-Marne de la Révolution à la fin de l'Empire (1791-1815)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010510.
Full textRevolution created national army that directory institutionalised by Jourdan law wich became basis of consular and imperial conscription. Departments attitude was very diverse in front of conscription, like in front of first levy in 1791. Seine-Et-Marne, very near the capital of centralizing state, is also a rich region of cerealicultur, whose economic and social structures are already modern. The progress of levies and requisitioning is well and quickly accepted even requisitioning of 300. 000 men. The attitude of department was exactly the same during conscription of consulat and empire which didn't give rise to important opposition or rebelliousness. Conscription was well accepted because it wasn't a too heavy demographic burden neither a constraint for these salaried employees who composed the majority of conscripts
Espinosa, Carole. "L' armée et la ville en France de la Seconde Restauration à la veille du conflit franco-prussien (1805-1870)." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30040.
Full textThis doctorate concerns the relationships between the army and the towns in France and their contribution to the edification of the Nation, to the Second Restauration at the french prussian war (1815-1870). During the 19th century, army and town experience importants transformations, and both contribute to symbolyze the greatness of the Nation. In the context of a territory became more open at the ennemy's attacks, because of the mowing of the communication's network, specially the railway, a new defensive strategy is constructed, in whinch the town hold a major place. The military's aspects are integrated in to the organization of the territory and the urban's processing. This fact increase the military presence in town, specially military building projects in the city. More over, the army garantees the order in the city's most of them, became theter of violence, generated in this period by politicals and socials turbulences, results of the economicals tranformations. Finally, with in towns, military'presence take part in the edification of a new social connections. Ones linked to the large officer's presence among urban's elites, others connected to soldiers more closely to popular's preoccupations
Géré, François. "La pensée et la politique militaire françaises sous la quatrième République, de la guerre totale à la guerre révolutionnaire : conception et emploi de l'arme psychologique." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030119.
Full textLessons of the two world wars lead the french military towards a conception of total war. The discovery of revolutionnary warfare in indochina give the psychological weapon a key role which develops in new operationnal methods during the algerian war
Ribière, Olivier. "Ethique et réflexion militaire française dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle : essai d'analyse rétrospective." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4025.
Full textThis first seventeenth century shows clearly an evolution will in military affairs. Of course, by numerous aspects, high Captains of that time are in the continuity of their ancestors. Motivations of Officers have not changed. Attachment to the king, at the service of their faith, defence of their honour are still in mind. Nevertheless, minds change. The gathering for many, to the State Reason, surely presents a rupture with the previous quasi-feudal system. The tactical or operative military thought of these officers, leaders, educated and experienced, gets enriched too. They have clearly in mind, use and action forces principles and also aptitudes to get, in order to be effective. The fire power development, in particular, forces them to set free from precedent schemes. Logistic insufficiencies still lie on their action. These gentlemen, deeply attached to their nobility status, become real military professionals but feel the danger to be marginalised to the only military sphere. They have to deal, indeed, with a political interference more and more pronounced on armies and on battlefields. The State strongly centralised, which settles in the first seventeenth century in France, imposes to its Captains political and strategic dimensions on the ground of their military success
Ribière, Philippe. "Ethique et réflexion militaire française dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle : essai d'analyse rétrospective." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4026.
Full textThe way of thinking the war in France changes during the second half of the 17th century under the reign of Louis Le Grand. The main precepts of the war are well understood by the great officers: the importance of the surprise and the safety of the army are perfectly applied. All the officers are used to exploit their reactivity in order to benefit of any advantages, especially the psychological one. But their actions are often limited by logistic constraints, which remain the great weakness of the 17th century’s army in spite of the progress in this field. The administration created by Colbert and Louvois, and the progress that it carried out in men’s care, give the advantage to the French army at the beginning of the second half of the century. But all the nations in Europe make the same progress and the French resources decrease. The lack of money modifies the aggressive policy, but the religious considerations lead to strategic misjudgement. In the army, the poor efficiency of the Marine leads to a change of its main objective and consequently to its decline. Even on the battlefield, the French army give it away. The enemies bore the Vauban’s “ceinture de fer” and threat Paris but Villars‘s great victory show that the army and its officers can’t be totally defeated according to their high level of military reflexion. Soon the other nations accept the new vision of the Louis XIV: the European equilibrium
Dupont, Vincent. "De la Belle Époque au putsch d'Alger, évolution politico-militaire d'une génération d'officiers français." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0050.
Full textThis work aims to understand the evolution of a French officers generation born between 1888 and 1898 and who will become generals going back to the origins of these men, the education they received, in order to grasp the full relief of their engagements during their military career and more widely in their lives, until the wars of decolonization where they were at the head of the French army. These officers have indeed gone through an unusual time, that of the 20th century made of political and military crises and more directly of wars where their role became more and more important, helping to assert their political and military identity. If some of them still have streets with their names, to study their history and that, less known, of many of their comrades, allows to grasp the evolution of this group of individuals from a prosopographic angle, and to illuminate both the history of the French officer corps in the 20th century, but also, more broadly, the politico-military history of France through their eyes during this period
Villiers, Patrick. "Marine royale : corsaires et trafic dans l'Atlantique de Louis XIV à Louis XVI." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010602.
Full textSeignelay was the first to admit that in spite of suffisant budget, Louis XIV's navy could not have more men and ships than the english and the dutch. So, he bet on technical innovations and resorted to peripherical strategy. After the defeat of la hougue, pontchartrain rebuilt the navy and kept same choices. Privateering was but a complementary element in a long time warfare. During the Spanish war of sucession, after four years of war with large fleet, financial difficulties drawed france to a systematicaly resulting to privateering and protection of convoys. During the regn of Louis XV, Maurepas bet on technological progress to make up for the English superiority in numbers an specialised the French navy to protecting convoys. In 1749, Louis XV refused Maurepas's reconstruction project. The English led by Walpole and Anson had a superiority of three ships to one and during the seven years war methodically destroyed the trade and the French colonies. Privateering then turned into a meager compensation. Choiseul's arrival allowed a first set of reforms but budgets were never sufficent until 1777. After two years of stratefic wawerings, France choose for a peripherical strategy including convoys and privateering which gave her the victory
Ayats, Alain. "La défense des Pyrénées-catalanes françaises (1659-1681) : frontière politique et frontières militaires." Montpellier 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON30034.
Full textBy the treaty of the pyrenees signed between france and spain in 1659, louis the fourteenth acquired the catalan territories located to the north of the pyrenees. Until 1668, the royal authority took no further interest in the new province of roussillon. Louis the fourteenth paid more particular attention to the protection of the frontier on the north of thekingdom. Now, with the war of devolution, the catalan frontier was threatened. At that time several french engineers, including clerville and vauban, visited the province and modest defense works were undertaken. With the war of holland, the spanish proved to be threatening again and, until 1675, roussillon was on its guard. In 1676, 1677 and 1678, a french army, resting on safe fortified places, entered catalonia : the balance of power between france and spain on the frontier of the catalan pyrenees was disturbed. In 1678, peace was signed between the two countries. But louis the fourteenth ghought of future conflicts, and he wanted to turn roussillon not only into an invulnerable place, but also into a supporting place for an army fighting on the spanish territory. So, once again, in 1679 vauban visited the province. Immediately a vast run of works was undertaken in the fortified plalces of rossillon. In 1681 the fortress of mont louis was consecrated. Henceforth roussillon became a door, wide open onto catalonia. The wars taking place at the and of the reign of louis the fourteenth would confirm it
Lemaire, Jean-François. "Les blessés dans les armées napoléoniennes /." [S.l.] : Paris (34 rue Jacques-Louvel-Tessier, 75010) : J.-F. Lemaire ; Lettrage distribution, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372182231.
Full textRoulet, Annie Françoise. "Un aspect des rapports franco-vietnamiens : le formation de l'armée vietnamienne, 1948-1954." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR30013.
Full textIn the late of the 1948 's France had to, create the first vietnamien battalion to compensate the decrease of the french troops. Senor french officiers were convinced that, only the expeditionnary troops backed by vietnamien troops could beat Viet Minh. During the negociations there were two conceptions. French diplomats didn't want a national army and vietnamien diplomats wanted one. Since the number of french soldiers couldn't increase the vietnamien army took the main part, specialy with the salan 'splan and the navarre's one. At the same time, american help became fundamental for the equipement of the vietnamien battalions. On the other hand; this help became dangerous for the french influence in the area. After may 1954, the vietnamien governement preferd to deal with the american governement
Cretin, Pascale. "La chirurgie militaire pendant les campagnes de Napoléon Bonaparte, d'après les mémoires du Baron Larrey." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M108.
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