Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Génie parasismique'
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Grange, Stéphane. "Modélisation simplifiée 3D de l'intéraction sol-structure : application au génie parasismique." Grenoble INPG, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306842.
Full textIn structural engineering, Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) is an important phenomenon that has to be taken into account. This paper presents a 3D non linear interface element able to compute SSI for rigid circular, rectangular or strip shape footings considering two types of non-linearties. A material non-linearity (plasticity of the soil) and a geometrical non-linearity (uplift mechanism). Several approaches exist to take this phenomenon into account: the following work is based on the "macro-element" concept. The particularity of the macro-element lies in the fact that the movement of the foundation is entirely described by a system of generalised variables (forces and displacements) defined in the foundation centre with five degrees of freedom. Torque moment is not taken into account. The non linear behaviour of the soil and the uplift mechanism are reproduced using the classical theory of plasticity. Coupling of the different mechanisms is straight forward following the multi-mechanism theory. The element is able to simulate the 3D behaviour of a rigid shallow foundation under static and dynamic loadings. It is implemented into FedeasLab, a finite element Matlab toolbox. Comparisons with experimental results on foundations but also civil engineering structures (buildings and bridges. . . ) under monotonic, cyclic and dynamic loadings show the good performance of the approach. The efficiency of this new tool allows us doing further parametrical studies for different soils that are presented at the end of this document
Vercueil, Didier. "Etude de la liquéfaction de matériaux composites sols-géotextiles : application au génie parasismique." Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10237.
Full textDunand, François. "Pertinence du bruit de fond sismique pour la caractérisation dynamique et l’aide au diagnostic sismique de structures de génie civil." Grenoble 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10007.
Full textAmbient vibrations are mechanical low amplitude vibrations generated by human and natural activities. By forcing into vibration engineering structures, these vibrations can be used to estimate the structural dynamic characteristics. The goal of this study is to compare building dynamic characteristics derived from ambient vibrations to those derived from more energetic solicitations (e. G. Earthquake). This study validates the efficiency of this method and shows that ambient vibrations results can be extrapolated to seismic behavior. Afterwards, this method has been used as a building damage estimate method after seismic events. First we applied this method in laboratory on structural elements (columns and beams) suffering damages. Then, we applied it on real scale buildings which suffered damages after the Boumerdes seismic event (Algeria 21/05/2003, Mw 6. 8). Finally, a set of buildings located in Grenoble and Nice was tested. The correlation of the two main dynamic parameters (frequency and damping) gives us informations on the in-situ measured damping origin. These results show that the ambient vibrations method is efficiency for buildings dynamic characteristics estimate and seismic evaluation
Kurose, Ayumi. "Effets des séismes sur les ouvrages souterrains." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0030.
Full textLEGERON, FREDERIC. "Comportement sismique des structures en béton ordinaire et en béton à haute performance armé." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9802.
Full textDodo, Amadou Aboubacar. "La sismicité induite par l'extraction de l'énergie géothermique du site de Soultez-sous-Forêts : la méthode des doublets : un outil d'aide à l'étude du comportement du réservoir." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL105N.
Full textThe extraction of the geothermal energy stored in the hot dry rocks is a not polluting concept. More than ever of topicality in spite of extreme conditions of operation which make very difficult the characterization of the hydraulic behavior of the rocks - fractures system. The injection of water under pressure generates a microseismic activity prone to a sounding and an analysis with an aim in particular of estimating dimensions of the network of fractures. Lt is within this framework that on the site of Soultz-Sous-Forêts a microseismic survey network is set up. We show initially that the cloud formed by the focuses determined by two classical methods of localization has an orientation in agreement with the in situ state of constraints. But this cloud is too diffuse to highlight individual structures. Thereafter, the use of the doublets method in the analysis of the microseismic events enables us to arrive at more interesting results : • each doublet (multiplet) corresponds to a fracture, which makes it possible to characterize the fracture in a specifie way : • within the same doublet (multiplet) the microseismic events are realigned both in time and space. Thus giving a precise image of the propagation of the rupture in the rocks; • the relative distances between the focuses of the events of a same doublet (multiplet) give a first estimate of the size of the sources confirmed by the study of the seismic moments tensors
Heitz, Jean-François. "Propagation d'ondes en milieu non linéaire : applications à la reconnaissance des sols et au génie parasismique." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10120.
Full textCevaer, Franck. "Interaction sol-structure. Modélisation des fonctions d'impédance." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2009.
Full textHamza, Sami. "Analyse probabiliste de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments existants : application aux structures à portiques en béton armé." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0332.
Full textThe civil engineering structures contain many sources of uncertainties, specially for the ageing ones, for which there is lake of data about the initial conditions and the evolution of the material properties in time. Earthquake regulations propose for that kind of buildings to proceed either with linear and nonlinear analysis to evaluate their resistance. This research aims to propose a methodology to estimate the reliability of a R/C frame structure under earthquake, taking into account the non linear behavior of the materials and the uncertainties in the dynamic system. The mean model is based on a a nonlinear finite element modelling of the structure. This FEM modelling allows to completely identify the failure mode into the structure : kind, cause, order. . . A stochastic linear analysis is made using the non parametric model applied to the reduced matrices of mass, stiffness and damping of the mean model and a Monte Carlo procedure. The random nonlinear behavior is then, treated by developing a mixed probabilistic model, combining a non parametric model applied on the reduced dynamic system and representing the linear part of the structure ; and a parametric model applied on the plastic localised parts of the structural element, representing the nonlinear part. Taking into account the effects of randomness in the nonlinearities allows us, on the one hand, to estimate the sensitivity of the structure to linear uncertainties in the case of a nonlinear behavior ; and on another hand, to compare this sensitivity to the linear and nonlinear uncertainties
Casaux-Ginestet, Géraldine. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement sismique d'ouvrages en béton armé : développement de méthodes simplifiées." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0033.
Full textSassia, Akio. "Le Béton armé au Japon (1903-1945)." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0671.
Full textJapanese reinforced concrete is an original example of the assimilation of Western technology. Introduced in 1903 by the Japanese themselves, the new material developed quickly, sometimes being mixed with traditional techniques, toward earthquake-proof structures. Two Japanese methods of construction merit particular attention: bamboo reinforcement and “composite” structures – steel frames covered with reinforced concrete. Several types of reinforcement and some kinds of structure developed in the West are potentially earthquake-proof, but very few studies were made there at the time to explore this potential. The Japanese addressed the subject from the start, and a calculable earthquake-proof system was created in 1922: “composite” rigid frames braced by reinforced concrete walls. It was proved effective the following year by the great earthquake of Kanto. The origins of the system can be found in the West: steel arches and stanchions covered with concrete. However these systems are dwarfed by “normal” reinforced concrete. Shell structures, which have a good aseismic potential due to their lightness and rigidity, developed very late in Japan. Three factors seem to have prevented this innovation: lack of experience in masonry construction; immaturity in experimental studies; lack of contact between civil engineers and building engineers. WWII resolved these problems and permitted a technological breakthrough. Shells were thus put into practice, and since then, Japan has been one of the leaders in the field of spatial structures
Robert-Veillette, Xavier. "Impact du taux d'amortissement visqueux élastique des ponts routiers sur les résultats d'analyses sismiques linéaires et non linéaires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6208.
Full textChatzigogos, Charisis. "Comportement sismique des fondations superficielles : vers la prise en compte d'un critère de performance dans la conception." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0019.
Full textLejouad, Chaymaa. "Compréhension du fonctionnement dynamique de structures en béton armé en présence de corrosion." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST070.
Full textReinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes of the decrease in the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures over time. The literature clearly reports a very limited number of experimental studies aimed at characterizing the dynamic behavior of corroded RC structures by the means of dynamic loadings.To improve the state of knowledge in terms of dynamic behavior of corroded RC structures, an experimental campaign is conducted on large-scale RC beams. These beams are corroded using an accelerated corrosion technique and subjected to quasi-static as well as dynamic loadings.From the experimental results, the evaluation of certain quantities of interest, in particular the bearing capacity, the ductility, the hysteretic capacity, the natural frequencies and the damping ratios, is carried out. Therefore, the effect of corrosion on these different quantities is revealed and the comparison between the conclusions drawn by dynamic and quasi-static tests is established.In order to capitalize the experimental campaign results, a numerical model is developed. This multifiber model, with a low computational cost, integrates certain effects of corrosion pathology, in particular the localized reduction of the corroded bars section, the degradation of the mechanical properties of the steel and the concrete cover cracking. A sensitivity study of the developed model to these different components was carried out, in comparison with the experimental results
Cadet, Laurent. "Marges de conception : méthodologie de pilotage pour la justification d’ouvrages parasismiques complexes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100080.
Full textStandards and laws have been set up to define minimum levels of protection for earthquake-resistant structures’ design and construction.However, for high importance or special risks facilities, risk management may lead owners to cover a greater risk than regulatory standards. Especially since it is harder and more expensive to strengthen an undergoing facility than oversizing its construction. Then, the construction manager’s design have to be more robust than the applicable regulations. However, the introduction of these margins must not lead to an infeasibility for technical, economic or calendar reasons.This thesis therefore offers a methodology to select and steer margins during the designing process. It is intended for designers who need tools to select appropriate design assumptions, as well as for decision-makers who have to argue for their cost and to justify the level of seismic risk taken into account
Heitz, Thomas. "Comportements nonlinéaires locaux et modélisation numérique de l’amortissement dans les structures de Génie Civil en Dynamique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN048/document.
Full textAssessment of safety margins related to a seismic risk in Civil Engineering requires the improvement of the predictive methods usually performed. The damping phenomena still remain a major source of uncertainty both at the structure and the constitutive material levels. However, the resistance of the said structure to an earthquake is strongly conditioned by its ability to store and to dissipate the energy introduced by the ground motion. Better modeling and evaluation of these effects are therefore essential for the seismic risk assessment. This thesis takes place in the framework of the RSNR SINAPS@ project whose main objective is the improvement of modeling tools allowing to appreciate the effects of an earthquake from the rupture of the fault to the vibratory behavior of the structures and amenities
Boutin, Mathieu. "Comportement dynamique et modélisation des écoles avec murs de maçonnerie non armée." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6156.
Full textPaquette, Louis-Gabriel. "Caractérisation des bâtiments comprenant de la maçonnerie non renforcée et de leurs propriétés dynamiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1621.
Full textGirard, Olivier. "Contrôle sismique d'un bâtiment en acier de 1 étage par amortisseurs élastomères et contreventements en chevron." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1528.
Full textAllani, Anissa. "Conception et optimisation d'amortisseurs à masse accordée pour les structures du génie civil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1137/document.
Full textThe architectural demand and the desire to reduce costs permit the construction of light structures with innovating shapes. The great flexibility of these structures makes them increasingly sensitive to the external dynamic loads such as traffic, wind and earthquakes. Vibration control techniques allow to construct modern buildings increasingly slender, and, whether they are economic or architecturally audacious. Instead of modifying the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of a structure, vibration control consists in producing reaction forces which are opposed to the negative effects of the external excitations when they appear. This technological advance has the great advantage to not influencing planners and architects’ work and it provides them with additional creative options in both geometrical and mechanical characteristics of buildings. We restrict our focus to passive vibration control. Among available passive vibration absorber systems, Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) were selected for their simplicity and reliability. A TMD consists of a mass, a dashpot, and a spring, and is commonly attached to a vibrating primary system to suppress undesirable vibrations. The performance of TMDs is strongly affected by the adjustment of their parameters. The problem is the optimization of the mechanical parameters of TMD and their location in order to attenuate vibrations of the main structure. This thesis is based on understanding the dynamic characteristics of TMD. It aims to make an innovative and original contribution to classify, generalize and optimize some criteria in order to ensure an optimal design of TMDs, depending on their application. Our work consisted to treat these criteria in an original way. After solving the direct problem based on the modelling of systems with one or several TMD, we tackled the indirect problem by considering various optimization criteria. Thus, several optimization criteria of the mechanical parameters of TMDs applied to a main system (single (SDOF) or multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF)) are used. The excitation of the main system can be done in two different ways; either on the base (for seismic application) or on the structure (for wind effects).Numerical simulations based on a time and frequency approach are used to examine the performance of each optimized model. The robustness of each optimization criterion is assessed by taken into account the uncertainties related to the change of the physical parameters of the main structure. Such problems can be discussed by considering sensitivity analysis for criteria under uncertainty of the optimum TMD parameters. A new and original contribution of this thesis is the design and optimization of multiple TMDs in parallel with a MDOF main structure. In this context, during seismic loads, modes in the main structure with relatively high effective masses can be readily excited by base excitation. Afterwards, optimization criterion can be developed based on the most sensitive storeys to vibration modes which are a cumulative modal effective mass fraction exceeding 90%. To protect structures under earthquake loads, we seek to assess the effectiveness of TMDs in mitigating the response of structure under different real earthquakes. A comparative study is then achieved with four real earthquakes applied on systems with TMD optimized parameters. To illustrate the results obtained, characterization tests are conducted on a TMD with damping by eddy currents effect and adjustable stiffness. They allow the validation of the model and optimization criterion adopted
Desprez, Cédric. "Analyse et Réduction de la Vulnérabilité Sismique des Structures Existantes : Renforcement par Collage de Tissus de Fibres de Carbone (TFC)." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560438.
Full textMellal, Aïssa. "Analyse des effets du comportement non linéaire des sols sur le mouvement sismique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0549.
Full textJehel, Pierre. "Modélisation numérique des phénomènes d'amortissement par dissipation d'énergie matérielle dans les structures de type portique en béton armé sous séisme." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477015.
Full textGatti, Filippo. "Analyse physics-based de scénarios sismiques «de la faille au site» : prédiction de mouvement sismique fort pour l’étude de vulnérabilité sismique de structures critiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC051/document.
Full textThe ambition of this work is the prediction of a synthetic yet realistic broad-band incident wave-field, induced by strong ground motion earthquakes at sites of strategic importance, such as nuclear power plants. To this end, an multi-tool platform is developed and exploited to simulate the different aspects of the complex and multi-scale phenomenon an earthquake embodies. This multi-scale computational framework copes with the manifold nature of an earthquake by a holistic local-to-regional approach. A complex case study is chosen to this end: is the MW6.6 Niigata-Ken Ch¯uetsu-Oki earthquake, which damaged the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant. The observed non-linear site-effects are at first investigated and characterized. In the following, the 3D source-to-site model is constructed and employed to provide reliable input ground motion, for a frequency band of 0-7 Hz. The effect of the folded geological structure underneath the site is quantified by simulating two aftershocks of moderate intensity and by estimating the spatial variability of the response spectra at different locations within the nuclear site. The numerical outcome stresses the need for a more detailed description of the incident wave-field used as input parameter in the antiseismic structural design of nuclear reactors and facilities. Finally, the frequency band of the time-histories obtained as outcome of the numerical simulations is enlarged by exploiting the stochastic prediction of short-period response ordinates provided by Artificial Neural Networks
Parish, Yousef. "Analyse numérique du comportement sismique des barrages en terre : influence de la plasticité et de la pression d'eau." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Parish.pdf.
Full textFarsi, Mohammed Naboussi. "Identification des structures de génie civil à partir de leurs réponses vibratoires : vulnérabilité du bâti existant." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10257.
Full textVerdret, Yassine. "Analyse du comportement parasismique des murs à ossature bois : approches expérimentales et méthodes basées sur la performance sismique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0010/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of the seismic behavior of light timber frame walls with stapled and nailed sheathings through experimental approaches and the development of a methodology for the application of seismic performance-based methods. The experimental approaches consist of three test campaigns: (1) a series of static tests on stapled and nailed connections, (2) a series of static tests performed on light timber frame walls and (3) a series of dynamic tests performed on light timber frame walls on a vibrating table. The database consists of these test results then allows the examination of strength and stiffness properties of the wall elements according to the stress conditions (strain rate, vertical load). The development of a macro-scale modeling of the cyclic and dynamic behavior of such elements is also proposed using constitutive law models. A framework of the application to light timber frame structures of seismic performance-based methods based (N2 method and MPA method) and a vulnerability analysis - fragility curves - using the N2 method are proposed
Crozet, Vincent. "Etude de l'entrechoquement entre bâtiments au cours d'un séisme." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAE002.
Full textThis study aims at highlighting parameters that are meaningful for the risk of pounding occurence between buildings during earthquake. In addition experimental campaign will focus on consequences of pounding on building damage. Firstly a sensitivity study will be performed in order to emphasis parameters that will be taken into account during the design of a specimen. A specimen consisting in 2 multistory srtuctures for which initial spacing can be modified will be constructed. A for month experimental campaign on CEA shake table will be performed aiming at studying consequences of pounding on the building behavior. Experimental campaign results will be then compared to numerical simulation analysis in order to go further into the knowledge of consequences of pounding between buildings
Sadone, Raphaëlle. "Comportement de poteaux en béton armé renforcés par matériaux composites et soumis à des sollicitations de type sismique et analyse d'éléments de dimensionnement." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675015.
Full textMabssout, Mokhtar. "Introduction à la reconnaissance dynamique de sols in situ par système harmonique sismique." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20155.
Full textDesprez, Cédric-Arthur. "Analyse et réduction de la vulnérabilité sismique des structures existantes : renforcement par collage de tissus de fibres de Carbone (TFC)." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0115.
Full textIn structural engineering, the seismic vulnerability reduction of existing structures is an important issue. Retrofitting by Polymer Reinforced Fibres (FRP) is an interesting response in order to fulfil this aim. This paper presents a simplified modelling strategy to predict the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures upgrade with FRP. A nonlinear finite element method is used, based on multifiber beams with damage and plasticity models. Retrofitting of flexural element (wall, beam) and column confinement are studied. More specifically, a confined concrete constitutive law suitable for monotonic and cycling loadings is proposed. The model is inspired on two well-known concrete laws, one based on damage mechanics theory (La Borderie) and the other based on experimental studies (Eid & Paultre). Validation of the strategy is provided using two case studies: a retrofitted bridge pier and a vulnerability assessment on an existing building trough static (Pushover) and dynamic analysis
Fach, Mohanad Al. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement sismique du système sol-pieux-pont : prise en compte des non-linéarités du sol et du béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10063.
Full textThis work includes an analysis of various interactions of soil-piles-structure under seismic loads.mainly concerns with the analysis of the interactions between different elements (soil, pile, foundation, structure). A special attention was devoted to the non-linearity of soil, the development of plastic hinges in the piles and the influence of the soil-pile interface on the seismic response of the soil-pile-structure. The study was conducted using a three-dimensional modeling using the program FLAC 3D. The thesis is presented in three chapters : The tirst chapter presents a literature review of research work related to seismic behaviour of pile foundations.The second chapter includes a three-dimensional analysis of seismic behavior of soil-pile-superstructure taking into account the effect of soil plasticity. The study was conducted on various aspects of the interaction soil-pile-structure. the influence of mechanical parameters of soil and pile. the geometric configuration of the piles groups and the influence of seismic loading and its frequency content.The third chapter deals with specific aspects of the problem. including the development of plastic hinges at the top of the pile. the modeling and the influence of pile-soil interface and behavior of reinforced structures
Lebon, Grégory. "Analyse de l'endommagement des structures de génie civil : techniques de sous-structuration hybride couplées à un modèle d'endommagement anisotrope." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669997.
Full textNguyen, Viet Tuan. "Analyse sismique des ouvrages renforcés par inclusions rigides à l'aide d'une modélisation multiphasique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1034/document.
Full textThe reinforcement of structures in becoming an increasingly used technique, although the simulation and design of such structures still require many developpements both in theory (use of homogenization techniques) and numeric. Thus, in the civil engineering domains, a qualified multiphase model has been recently proposed for soil reinforced by continuous linear inclusions flexible (reinforced earth structures, geotextiles, etc. ) or stiff (rigid inclusions, piles, etc.).The present work aims to develop a fast and reliable method of calculation, through such a multiphase model, for the design with dynamic load applied on reinforced soil by a group of piles or rigid inclusions, by restricting the elastodynamic case, that is a linear elastic behavior for both constituents. It consists firstly to analyze the propagation of seismic waves in the solid reinforced and secondly to implement a fem.-based numerical code for determining the impedance functions of a reinforced soil by a regular vertical network inclusions. In this model, the interacton soil-inclusions and also the shear and flexural effects of inclusions are both taken into account
Fach, Mohanad Al. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement sismique du système sol-pieux-pont : prise en compte des non-linéarités du sol et du béton." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10063/document.
Full textThis work includes an analysis of various interactions of soil-piles-structure under seismic loads.mainly concerns with the analysis of the interactions between different elements (soil, pile, foundation, structure). A special attention was devoted to the non-linearity of soil, the development of plastic hinges in the piles and the influence of the soil-pile interface on the seismic response of the soil-pile-structure. The study was conducted using a three-dimensional modeling using the program FLAC 3D. The thesis is presented in three chapters : The tirst chapter presents a literature review of research work related to seismic behaviour of pile foundations.The second chapter includes a three-dimensional analysis of seismic behavior of soil-pile-superstructure taking into account the effect of soil plasticity. The study was conducted on various aspects of the interaction soil-pile-structure. the influence of mechanical parameters of soil and pile. the geometric configuration of the piles groups and the influence of seismic loading and its frequency content.The third chapter deals with specific aspects of the problem. including the development of plastic hinges at the top of the pile. the modeling and the influence of pile-soil interface and behavior of reinforced structures
Nguyen, Thi Thanh Huyen. "Analyses du comportement de rupteurs thermiques sous sollicitations sismiques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947635.
Full textSalameh, Christelle. "Vibrations ambiantes, contenu spectral et dommages sismiques : nouvelle approche adaptée à l’échelle urbaine. Application à Beyrouth." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU008/document.
Full textIt has been observed repeatedly in post-seismic investigations that structures having frequencies close to foundation soil frequencies exhibit significantly heavier damages (Caracas 1967, Mexico 1985, Pujili, Ecuador 1996; L’Aquila 2009). However, these observations are generally not taken directly into account neither in present-day seismic regulations (small scale), nor at large-scale seismic risk analysis. We thus encounter frequently an incoherent precision level between hazard studies that are capable of reliably mapping the ground frequency, the actual possibilities of analyzing the dynamic behavior of the building, and the final vulnerability and risk maps. A comprehensive numerical analysis to investigate the effect of coincidence between soil and building frequencies is performed. A total of 887 realistic soil profiles are coupled with a set of 141 elastoplastic oscillators with a single degree of freedom and their combined (non-linear) response are computed both for linear and non-linear soil behavior, for a large number (60) of input signals of various PGA levels and frequency contents. The associated damage is quantified on the basis of the maximum displacement as compared to both yield and ultimate post-elastic displacements, according to the RISK-UE European project recommendations (Lagomarsino and Giovinazzi, 2006), and compared with the damage obtained in the case of a similar building located on bedrock. The correlation between this soil/rock damage increment and a number of simplified mechanical and loading parameters is then analyzed using a neural network approach. The results emphasize the key role played by the building/soil frequency ratio even when both soil and building behave non-linearly; other important parameters are the PGA level, the soil/rock impedance contrast and the building ductility. A specific numerical investigation based on simulation of ambient noise for the whole set of 887 profiles also indicates that the impact of soil/rock impedance contrast may be satisfactory replaced using the amplitude of H/V ratio. Moreover the effect of coincidence appears to be an important observation not only in the linear site analysis response but also in the nonlinear site response: in spite of a large nonlinearity level reached spectral coincidence occurs, however at a shifted frequency ratio towards lower values. The elaborated method allows a very easy implementation, using ambient vibration measurements both at ground level and within buildings. A very illustrative example application is shown for the city of Beirut (Lebanon)
Jerez, Barbosa Sandra. "Vulnérabilité sismique des ouvrages : évaluation des réponses et des dommages structuraux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1087/document.
Full textWithin the overall framework of seismic risk analysis and management two approaches are presented. First, the Pseudo-Adaptive Uncoupled Modal Response Analysis (PSA) aims to provide improved estimates of seismic response for framed buildings, with an acceptable accuracy and a reduced calculation time duration. It relies on an energy-based equivalent displacement to develop the capacity curve and a pseudo-adaptive feature that considers changes in modal shapes after yielding, within the framework of the widely used Modal Pushover Analysis. According to the results, PSA is able to provide good estimates of structural responses such as displacements, storey drifts, shear forces and rotations, in comparison to a complete Nonlinear Time History Analysis. Second, a strategy for post-seismic evaluation of structural global damage is proposed on the basis of observed local damages and the postulation of adequate relationships between damage and residual probability of failure at two levels: a storey level prior to a building level. Three factors are proposed to reflect the influence of components damage at each of those levels. The obtained results appear as good predictions of the global damage. Accordingly, this strategy has the potential for being a first step within the implementation framework of a decision-making tool for rapid and accurate estimates of structural damages
Thai, Son Quang. "Développements théorique et numérique d'un modèle multiphasique pour le calcul des ouvrages renforcés par inclusions." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467893.
Full textLemaire, Jean. "Un modèle d'évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique du bâti existant selon l'Eurocode : essai méthodologique et application sur un territoire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100010/document.
Full textThe seismic risk is a subject of multidisciplinary study which is the object of numerous research works. For a long time, it was studied in terms of hazard and it is only in the middle of the 20th century that we became interested in the vulnerability of the exposed elements. In spite of the multiplicity of the studies on the seismic risk, none of them adopts a global approach by using the earthquake-resistant regulations. Within the framework of thesis, we support the hypothesis that it possible to estimate the vulnerability of dwellings on the scale of several buildings by using the European standard, Eurocode 8. Using these regulations has the advantage reducing the time to study physical vulnerability by assessing the seismic resistance of a single building, where the latter represents a population of several buildings used as collective dwellings. The proposed methodology, illustrated on the example of the Mulhouse-Basel conurbation, consists of two phases. The first one consists in studying the seismic hazard of the urban area of Mulhouse and Basel through the bibliographical studies of some authors. This phase also consists in examining the compatibility of the European and Helvetian seismic regulations. Finally, a diagnosis of the existing structures and of the population is made to assess the vulnerability of these two urban territories, after a division of both cities into historic-geographical sectors. A second phase consists in proposing a simplified model of deterministic and probabilistic assessment of the vulnerability of the built, based on the new European regulation and the mechanics of the structures, to evaluate the seismic resistance of buildings. The probability aspect allowed to refine the proposed model to integrate certain uncertainties. A case study feigning an important earthquake of magnitude Mw equal to 6 on the Richter scale, integrating the phenomena of site effects as recommended by Eurocode 8, validated the application of the envisaged model. The proposed evaluation model is intended to provide a tool for assessing the vulnerability of the built without performing mechanical calculations. Thus, it aims to be accessible to all (geographers, engineers, seismologists, etc…). More generally, this model aims to provide a decision-making tool in the approach of prevention which the public authorities owe to the population, because they allow to determine the more or less big vulnerability of the studied areas
Abboud, Youssef. "Développement d’un macroélément pour l’étude des fondations superficielles sous charge sismique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1010/document.
Full textThis PhD work concerns the elaboration of a method to verify the seismic sustainability of shallow foundations considering 2011 seismic zoning of France. It is a part of a research contract between EDF CEIDRE and IFSTTAR.To this end, a macroelement based model is developed in order to assess nonlinear soil structure interaction. The elastoplastic formulation of the macroelement constitutive model is compliant with the classical plasticity theory. The formulations for the plastic mechanisms are inspired from the applied standard (Eurocodes 7 & 8). The rate dependent response and the effects of the embedment and the soil inertia efforts are taken into account. The parameters for the constitutive model are defined from laboratory or field tests, or calibrated from static finite element method simulations. The calculation cost is significantly reduced due to the simplified modelling of the soil and its non linearities. Another advantage is that the macroelement based tool is formulated in terms of generalized variables (forces and displacements): this promotes its application in the verification of the sustainability of shallow foundations (bearing capacity, sliding, overturning, settlements, translations, rotations and distortions).The macroelement is implemented in the Finite Element software CESAR LCPC. It allows to simulate the static and the seismic behaviour of a shallow foundation. Three alternative approaches to assess SSI through this model are possible. These alternative approaches are explained and tested under static and seismic load.Then, it is used to perform parametric studies involving various input motions derived from earthquake recordings. The seismic response of a simple structure is studied with respect to the input motion key parameters.Finally, the static and seismic behaviour of a real structure is analysed. The structure is founded on a large raft foundation laying on a multi-layered soil. The seismic hazard is defined by five 0.4 g-PGA accelerograms. Verification to the applied standards is performed on the base of the simulation results, considering many features of the seismic behaviour
Seddiki, El Mehdi. "Évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique du bâti existant par une approche mécanique avec une application à l’échelle urbaine." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR1802.
Full textMasonry buildings are one of the most common typologies in Europe. Being built without seismic considerations, this typology is very vulnerable to the transversal loads. Like the historic urban centers, the city of Nice knows a concentration of the building blocks characterized by a structural continuity. Several post-seismic observations have shown that adjoining buildings within a block do not have an independent dynamic behavior, as it is strongly impacted by the adjacent buildings. This is the block effect. Therefore, considering them individually reflects an imprecise or even unrealistic behavior. This thesis aims to assess the seismic vulnerability of the masonry structures at large-scale (city). The proposed evaluation methodology is based on a mechanical approach and considers more particularly the impact of the block effect on the response of buildings.The proposed multi-scale approach includes three complementary steps and is applied to the city of Nice. First, we develop a new Matrix of Building Typologies representative of the area of interest. The corresponding typological database is then constructed to determine the most common typologies of Nice buildings. A set of representative archetypes of masonry structures is used as a case study. They are modeled by the equivalent frame approach and analyzed by the nonlinear static approach, Pushover. We thus obtain a characteristic capacity curve for each studied typology. Finally, a tool is developed for the determination of damage levels, in accordance with the European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98. It responds to the complexity of the urban environment. Indeed, it estimates the average level of damage expected for each typology, according to the local seismic actions. Especially since the building of Nice is implanted for the most part on alluvial fillings. This increases the lithological site effects. These are taken into account in the definition of the seismic hazard scenario. It is represented by acceleration response spectra and corresponds to the Ligure scenario earthquake of 1887 (Mw = 6.9). The model is based on the N2 approach for determining the performance point.The results confirmed several post-seismic observations and show that the block effect has a considerable impact on the vulnerability of buildings. This influence can take three different forms: evolution of the resistance of the building, modification of its mechanism of global ruin or then variation of the expected level of damage. The proposed methodology is a first contribution in the evaluation of large-scale buildings with the consideration of interactions between adjacent buildings. Its modularity makes it possible to integrate other parameters and to widen the field of application. In addition, it questions the current norms (EC8), which is based on the scale of the building considered isolated to assess its vulnerability.The resulting seismic risk scenario is a guide and a valuable guide for construction policy and actors. It can be used for risk mitigation or optimization of evacuation plans in crisis situations
Jacquet, Gottfried. "Hybrid physics-based/data-based seismic ground motion generator of a site." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST035.
Full textAccurately estimating the seismic response following an earthquake can save lives. However, limited computational resources and poorly characterized and unknown variability in geology and seismotectonic context pose significant challenges for simulations at the scale of a city or region. This thesis proposes a new approach com- bining adversarial learning methods and physics-based simulations to overcome these limitations, based on the SeismoALICE framework (F. GATTI and D. CLOUTEAU: "Towards blending Physics-Based numerical simulations and seismic databases using Generative Adversarial Network," CMAME 2020). Because of the random fluctuations in the mechanical properties of the geological medium, numerical simulations can only give results for low frequencies (LF) down to 5 or even 10 Hz. The design frequency for civil engineering structures and equipment, on the other hand, reaches 40 Hz. This thesis aims to simulate seismic signals with a higher frequency range [0 - 30 Hz] using knowledge of low-frequency signals and a database of recorded signals. To this end, we are developing an encoder and decoder adapted to seismic signals using a Conformer variant of attention techniques to capture the long-duration correlations present in accelerograms. The discriminator, which ensures that simulated signals resemble recorded signals, has been the subject of extensive development, enabling the encoder and decoder to be optimized using a min-max technique at the heart of adversarialmachine learning methods. To force signal recon- struction, we adapt Focal Frequency Loss (FFL) and Hyper-Spherical Loss (HSL), which are more efficient for this data type, to time series. We then complement the LF signals up to 30 Hz by ex- ploring different generation cases, one-to-one map- ping, and one-to-many mapping to assess the plausibility of the reconstructions in the database. Five methods were developed: Signal-to-Signal Translation, SeismoALICE with shared latent space, SeismoALICE with factorized latent space, BicycleGAN for time series, and Multi-Modal Signal Translation. Their performance was evaluated using Kristeková's Goodness-of-Fit. By manipulating the hidden variables, we proved that it is possible to divide the information into two groups of variables with Gaussian distributions, one for low frequencies and the other for high frequencies. This interpretability made it possible to manipulate the latent space and control the one-to-many mapping. The models, trained on 128,000 seismic signals from the Stanford Earthquake Database (STEAD), demonstrated their performance, with prediction qualities ranging from good to excellent. Finally, their effectiveness was demonstrated by application to the 2019 Le Teil earthquake (in the Ardèche region of Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France). This work paves the way for more accurate and efficient prediction of seismic signals by seamlessly integrating physics-based knowledge and machine learning
Teodorescu, Catalin Stefan. "Commande de systèmes d'isolation antisismique mixte." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904280.
Full textEl, Shabrawy Atef. "Comportement des ouvrages historiques soumis à des sollicitations sismiques : apport de la modélisation numérique par la méthode des éléments distincts." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL121N.
Full textDerras, Boumédiène. "Estimation des mouvements sismiques et de leur variabilité par approche neuronale : Apport à la compréhension des effets de la source, de propagation et de site." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU013/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to an in-depth analysis of the ability of "Artificial Neural Networks" (ANN) to achieve reliable ground motion predictions. A first important aspect concerns the derivation of "GMPE" (Ground Motion Prediction Equations) with an ANN approach, and the comparison of their performance with those of "classical" GMGEs derived on the basis of empirical regressions with pre-established, more or less complex, functional forms. To perform such a comparison involving the two "betweeen-event" and "within-event" components of the random variability, we adapt the algorithm of the "random effects model" to the neural approach. This approach is tested on various, real and synthetic, datasets: the database compiled from European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern events (RESORCE: Reference database for Seismic grOund-motion pRediction in Europe), the database NGA West 2 (Next Generation Attenuation West 2 developed in the USA), and the Japanese database derived from the KiK-net accelerometer network. In addition, a comprehensive set of synthetic data is also derived with a stochastic simulation approach. The considered ground motion parameters are those which are most used in earthquake engineering (PGA, PGV, response spectra and also, in some cases, local amplification functions). Such completely "data-driven" neural models, inform us about the respective, and possibly coupled, influences of the amplitude decay with distance, the magnitude scaling effects, and the site conditions, with a particular focus on the detection of non-linearities in site response. Another important aspect is the use of ANNs to test the relevance of different site proxies, through their ability to reduce the random variability of ground motion predictions. The ANN approach allows to use such site proxies either individually or combined, and to investigate their respective impact on the various characteristics of ground motion. The same section also includes an investigation on the links between the non-linear aspects of the site response and the different site proxies. Finally, the third section focuses on a few source-related effects: analysis of the influence of the "style of faulting" on ground motion, and, indirectly, the dependence between magnitude and seismic stress drop
Mouali, Lila. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement hydromécanique des sols résiduels tropicaux : application à la modélisation sismique d'un barrage en remblai aux Antilles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0606.
Full textThe use of residual tropical soils for the construction of embankment dams is an important issue. Dams located in tropical regions are often subject to seismic risk. Most often, foundations with weak characteristics are purged and replaced with compacted soils. Thus, the seismic behavior of the dams located in these regions depend on the dynamic properties of the compacted residual soils. The evaluation of the seismic behavior of a dam is based on the capacity of the models to predict the evolution of the rigidity of the structure during the seismic stress. It is therefore important to have models allowing to predict the shear modulus at small strains, the reduction curve of the normalized shear modulus and the damping curve. The objectives of our research work are to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge of the cyclic mechanical behavior of compacted residual tropical soils and to propose models making it possible to predict their behavior. To answer these, an experimental study of the cyclic properties of soils sampled from the site of a dam under construction in the French West Indies was carried out using undrained cyclic triaxial test objectives and resonant column tests. It is thus shown that the existing equations in the literature are not adapted to our experimental results. Predictive equations for the determination of Gmax, G / Gmax and D are developed. On the basis of the results obtained, nonlinear dynamic numerical simulations were obtained at the scale of the sample and of the structure using the flac software
Ragueneau, Frédéric. "Fonctionnement dynamique des structures en béton : influence des comportements hystériques locaux." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0001.
Full textGhavamian, Shahrokh. "Méthode simplifiée pour la simulation du comportement sismique des structures en béton armé : traitement des effets de l'élancement et estimateur d'erreurs." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0007.
Full textVassaux, Maxime. "Comportement mécanique des matériaux quasi-fragiles sous sollicitations cycliques : de l’expérimentation numérique au calcul de structures." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0010/document.
Full textMacroscopic mechanical behavior models are developed for their light computational costs, allowing the simulation of large structural elements, and the precise description of mechanical phenomena observed by the material at lower scales. Such constitutive models are here developed in the seismic solicitation framework, therefore implying cyclic alternate loadings at the material scale, and applied to civil engineering buildings, often made of concrete, or more generally of quasi-brittle materials. To date, macroscopic models applicable to structural computations, while representing the cyclic mechanical behavior are rare. In consequence of the intricacy of the fracture processes to homogenize, macroscopic constitutive models either do not present sufficient robustness or miss on important phenomena. One of the limitations to the resolution of this issue is the lack of experimental data. Indeed, because of the complexity of the experiments to set up, few results on alternate cyclic tests on concrete are available in the literature.A virtual testing approach has therefore been established on a microscopic model of the material, able to provide results needed to the formulation and the calibration of a macroscopic model. In the microscopic model, the material is considered as structure itself, it is developed so as to only necessitate a reduced amount of results from controlled experimental tests, in order to be used. The microscopic model, a lattice discrete element model, has been developed on the basis of an existing lattice model and extended to the simulation of multi-axial and cyclic loadings. The microscopic model has then been validated as a virtual testing tool and used to establish equations of the macroscopic model, on the basis of damage and plasticity theories. The consistency of the proposed constitutive relation, embedding progressive unilateral effect, has been achieved using non-linear elasticity. The macroscopic model has finally been calibrated, entirely with the microscopic model, and employed to simulate the response of a reinforced concrete wall under alternate shear loading. This simulation has served to showcase the numerical robustness of the proposed model, as well as the significant contribution of the uni-axial alternate behavior of concrete to the structural damping of such structures