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1
Silance, Robert. Eight piazzas in Genoa, Italy: A comparison of form and scale. Charleston, S.C: Published for Clemson University College of Architecture, Arts and Humanities by Wyrick & Co., 1996.
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Silance, Robert. Eight piazzas in Genoa, Italy: A comparison of form and scale. Charlston, S.C: Published for Clemson University College of Architecture, Arts and Humanities by Wyrick & Co., 1996.
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Straalen, Nico, and Dick Roelofs. Human Evolution and Development. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729208.
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Our understanding of human evolution is proceeding at an unprecedented rate over the last years due to spectacular fossil finds, reconstructions based on genome comparison, ancient DNA sequencing and new insights into developmental genetics. This book takes an integrative approach in which the development of the human embryo, the evolutionary history of our body, the structure of human populations, their dispersal over the world and their cultures are examined by integrating paleoanthropology, developmental biology, comparative zoology, population genetics and phylogenetic reconstruction. The authors discuss questions like: - What do we know about ancient humans? - What happens in the development of an embryo? - How did we manage to walk upright and why did we lose our hair? - What is the relationship between language, migration and evolution? - How does our body respond to the challenges of modern society? In addition to being a core text for the study of the life sciences, Human Evolution and Development is an easy-to-read overview for the interested layperson.
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Gunnels, John A. A comparison of simulated annealing and genetic algorithms for the genome mapping problems. 1993.
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Epstein-Levi, Rebecca J. Intertextually Modified Organisms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190456023.003.0011.
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The chapter examines genetic engineering through analogy with the Torah: if Judaism permits rabbis, in some very specific circumstances, to alter the text of the sacred Torah, might it not also permit alteration of the “sacred text” of a plant’s genome? The chapter carefully plots these specific circumstances and their plant-based analogues to argue, with a comparison of genetic and scriptural languages, for respectful “dialogical engagement” to promote human and nonhuman flourishing. While not offering a clear answer to a challenging issue, the purpose is to establish the beginning of a religiously and textually attentive ethical framework with which to evaluate genetic technology.
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Siderits, Mark. Comparison or Confluence In Philosophy? Edited by Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314621.013.5.
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This chapter examines the project of fusion or confluence philosophy: philosophizing that draws on resources from both Indian and Western philosophical traditions in seeking solutions to philosophical problems. A distinction is drawn between the confluence project and the project of comparative philosophy. Various challenges to the project are addressed, among them the criticism that the two traditions are incommensurable, and the charge that such a project is politically problematic. There is also discussion of some ways in which projects of this sort can go astray. Representative samples of the genre are discussed, and areas that might prove promising for future research are identified.
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Rayner, Arthur Graham *. The comparison of unidentified open reading frames in the liverwort, tobacco, and "Vicia faba" chloroplast genomes. 1988.
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Balzaretti, Ross. Chestnuts in Charters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0027.
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This chapter responds to a point which Chris Wickham raised in his recent review of my book on Dark Age Liguria: did chestnut cultivation show any economic specialization in this region in the early medieval period? Chestnuts figured a great deal in that book, which drew briefly on the surviving charter documentation for the region. In this chapter a more detailed analysis of charters from the tenth and eleventh centuries develops an answer to the question of specialized production with a comparative study in which the Genoese evidence is set alongside similar charter evidence from Milan and its region, where chestnuts were also cultivated for food. The Genoa–Milan comparison puts into practice Wickham’s advocacy of comparative method at the micro as well as at the macro scale, for regions where comparison has not historically been the norm. The comparison suggests that chestnuts were more important to the Genoese than the Milanese economy, in part for local climatic reasons but also, perhaps, because of fundamental political and social differences between these two cities. It will be shown that some charters show that the production of chestnuts was to some degree specialized, how it was specialized and what the consequences of that specialization were for each economic system.
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Fogarty, Mary. Gene Kelly. Edited by Melissa Blanco Borelli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199897827.013.008.
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This chapter explores the contemporary significance of Gene Kelly for street dance practitioners and cultural critics. Responses to a Volkswagen commercial remake of Kelly’s “Singin’ in the Rain” solo sequence raise questions about how creativity and originality are assessed in popular dance performances. By comparing the responses of film critics and hip-hop dance practitioners to both Gene Kelly’s performance in Singin’ in the Rain (Donen and Kelly 1952) and the commercial remake, a key theme emerges. Evaluations of creativity reveal how judgments about originality are as much a part of street dance practices as classic choreographic works. This chapter suggests that “remixes” of past popular dance performances reveal the pleasure created in aesthetic comparison. In fact, value judgments rooted in comparisons are a central component of popular dance assessment and appreciation.
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Kynes, Will. The Intertextual Network of Proverbs and the Subjective Nature of Genre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777373.003.0008.
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Despite the undeniable importance of the concept of wisdom to Proverbs, reading the book as Wisdom Literature creates similar problems as it does for Job and Ecclesiastes. The book’s interpretation profits from better appreciating its complexity, perhaps more so because the obviousness of its Wisdom classification has previously discouraged attempts to do so. The groupings before Wisdom, such as Sifrei Emet and Poetry, provide forgotten nuances. The book’s widespread inclusion in a Solomonic collection invites comparison with the account of that king’s reign in 1 Kings 1–11. The variegated presentation of wisdom in that account associates the concept with political, legal, cultic, and prophetic texts. This intersection of potential genre groupings in 1 Kings 1–11 is also evident in Proverbs. Genres, such as Wisdom, are not “real” and should not restrict the insights from other textual comparisons.
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Cattran, Daniel C., and Heather N. Reich. Membranous glomerulonephritis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0064_update_001.
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It has been clear for several decades from comparison with the rodent model disease Heymann nephritis that membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is an immune condition in which antibodies, usually autoantibodies, bind to targets on the surface of podocytes. However, the antigen in Heymann nephritis, megalin, is not present on human podocytes. The first potential antigen was identified by studying rare examples of maternal alloimmunization, leading to congenital membranous nephropathy in the infant caused by antibodies to neutral endopeptidase. More recently, the target of autoantibody formation in most patients with primary MGN has been identified to be the phospholipase A2 receptor, PLA2R. Genome-wide association studies identify predisposing genetic loci at HLADQ and at the locus encoding the autoantigen itself. So antibodies to at least two different molecular targets can cause MGN, and it seems likely that there may be other targets in secondary types of MGN, and possibly haptenized or otherwise modified molecules are implicated in drug- and toxin-induced MGN. Once antibodies are fixed, animal models and human observations suggest that complement is involved in mediating tissue damage. However, immunoglobulin G4, not thought to fix complement, is the predominant isotype in human MGN, and the mechanisms are not fully unravelled. Podocyte injury is known to cause proteinuria. In MGN, antibody fixation or cell damage may stimulate production of extracellular matrix to account for the increased GBM thickness with ‘podocyte type’ basement membrane collagen isoforms, and ultimately cell death and glomerulosclerosis.
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Schrag, Brian, and Kathleen J. Van Buren. Connect Goals to Genres. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878276.003.0004.
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Step 3 follows Step 2, in which community members choose a goal for artistic programs. Step 3 provides guidance for choosing the desired effects of arts programs; choosing the content of arts programs; choosing a genre or genres that can communicate the content and produce the desired effects; and imagining events that could include the performance of new artistic works. Specific suggestions and tables (such as the Genre Comparison Chart) assist readers in moving through these processes. This step also considers how communication occurs through an artistic event. Step 3 concludes with a note on tourism and other repurposing of arts.
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Ayala, Francisco J., and Camilo J. Cela-Conde. Neanderthals and modern humans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739906.003.0011.
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This chapter deals with the similarities and differences between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens, by considering genetic, brain, and cognitive evidence. The genetic differentiation emerges from fossil genetic evidence obtained first from mtDNA and later from nuclear DNA. With high throughput whole genome sequencing, sequences have been obtained from the Denisova Cave (Siberia) fossils. Nuclear DNA of a third species (“Denisovans”) has been obtained from the same cave and used to define the phylogenetic relationships among the three species during the Upper Palaeolithic. Archaeological comparisons make it possible to advance a four-mode model of the evolution of symbolism. Neanderthals and modern humans would share a “modern mind” as defined up to Symbolic Mode 3. Whether the Neanderthals reached symbolic Mode 4 remains unsettled.
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Burnyeat, M. F. ‘All the World’s a Stage-Painting’: Scenery, Optics, and Greek Epistemology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805762.003.0002.
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In the fourth century BCE, Anaxarchus and Monimus compared the world to stage-painting, to express scepticism about sense-perception and the worthlessness of human affairs, respectively. But the comparison traces back to Democritus’ discussion of Anaxagoras’ famous claim, a century earlier, that ‘appearances are a sight of things unseen’. According to Vitruvius, they were influenced by what Agatharchus had written about stage-painting, something that can be assessed properly only by considering the genre of technical treatises and the claims of those who were first to write on a subject. The comparison with phenomenal experience should ultimately be credited to Anaxagoras, though the points that he and Democritus make differ, owing to their different views of how the macroscopic world is related to underlying reality. These texts are thus not about the early history of perspectival painting, but stem from a fifth-century epistemological debate about what, if anything, sense-perception reveals about reality.
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Cavender, Gray, and Nancy Jurik. Crime, Criminology, and the Crime Genre. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.16.
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For years, many criminologists have argued that the crime genre misrepresents crime and the criminal justice system, causing misperceptions among the public. However, other scholars have suggested that despite inaccuracies, the crime genre is actually far more reflective of the workings of the criminal justice system than previously thought. This essay traces the relationship of crime genre productions such as novels, film, and television to past and present criminal justice practices and trends. Focusing on three thematic linkage areas between the crime genre and criminal justice practice—science and technology, cultural diversity, and security/insecurity—it demonstrates both opposition and synchronicity in comparisons of the crime genre to real-world crime across time periods. The essay argues that the parallels as well as the divergences between fictional constructions and the “reality” found in criminological analyses can help scholars gain significant insight into the problems in each.
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Forster, Michael N. Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199588367.003.0007.
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Aesthetics, or the philosophy of literature and art, was one of Herder’s main focuses. By valorizing these areas of culture (in comparison with others such as science and religion) and in several other ways he prepared the ground for German Romanticism. He also established many principles of great intrinsic importance: rejecting apriorism and systematization in aesthetics in favor of an empirical, non-systematic approach; insisting that arts such as sculpture and painting express meanings and therefore require interpretation; recognizing the central role of genre not only in literature but also in such arts; perceiving the deep historical, cultural, and even individual variability of literature and art in respect of semantic content, genre, moral values, and aesthetic values, plus the major implications this variability has for both interpretation and evaluation; developing a set of radical views concerning beauty; and emphasizing the importance of literature and art as means of moral pedagogy.
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Reynolds, Benjamin E. John among the Apocalypses. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784241.001.0001.
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The central place of revelation in the Gospel of John and the Gospel’s revelatory telling of the life of Jesus are distinctive features of John when compared with the Synoptic Gospels; yet, when John is compared among the apocalypses, these same features indicate John’s striking affinity with the genre of apocalypse. By paying attention to modern genre theory and making an extensive comparison with the standard definition of “apocalypse,” the Gospel of John reflects similarities with Jewish apocalypses in form, content, and function. Even though the Gospel of John reflects similarities with the genre of apocalypse, John is not an apocalypse, but in genre theory terms, John may be described as a gospel in kind and an apocalypse in mode. John’s narrative of Jesus’s life has been qualified and shaped by the genre of apocalypse, such that it may be called an “apocalyptic” gospel. Understanding the Fourth Gospel as “apocalyptic” Gospel provides an explanation for John’s appeal to Israel’s Scriptures and Mosaic authority. Possible historical reasons for the revelatory narration of Jesus’s life in the Gospel of John may be explained by the Gospel’s relationship with the book of Revelation and the history of reception concerning their writing. An examination of Byzantine iconographic traditions highlights how reception history may offer a possible explanation for reading John as “apocalyptic” Gospel.
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Fox, Alistair. Creativity as a Haven: An Angel at My Table (Jane Campion, 1990). Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429443.003.0008.
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Through a comparison with Janet Frame’s Autobiography, from which it is adapted, this chapter analyses Jane Campion’s An Angel at My Table as the first New Zealand film to present all three of the main maturational phases characteristic of the coming-of-age genre, but as experienced by a Pākehā girl. Identifying the effects of a repressive environment as the source of the emotional stresses that lead the main character, Janet, to be institutionalized for schizophrenia, the discussion shows how she finds respite in fictive creativity and a world of the imagination. It also shows Campion’s personal investment in the story as a displaced representation of her own mother’s fight with mental illness.
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Greene, Dana. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037108.003.0014.
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This chapter considers the legacy of Denise Levertov. Levertov wanted to be remembered for her poetry, the “autonomous structures” that would be appreciated on their own terms and would last. In comparison to her art, she considered her life fleeting and insignificant. As a consequence she was suspicious of biography and insisted that if a poet's biography were to be written, it had to focus on the work itself. Even then she was leery of the genre and recoiled from it. Nonetheless, she claimed repeatedly that her poems emerged from her life experience. While she rejected confessional or self-referential writing, her poems, “testimonies of lived life,” reflect her dialogical engagement with the world around her.
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Miert, Dirk van. The Janus Face of Scaliger’s Philological Heritage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0005.
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Daniel Heinsius and Hugo Grotius worked on the New Testament in the same decade, 1630–1640, and within the same genre of a selective annotation, but they ended up publishing two contrasting types of commentary, with diverging consequences for the authority of God’s Word. Two factors shaped these different outcomes. First, the instrument of philology was subjugated to different philosophical agendas: Heinsius aimed at highlighting the existence of a Hellenistic language, while Grotius was driven by the wish for Christian reunification. Secondly, as an exile Grotius enjoyed greater freedom than Heinsius, who taught at Leiden University. These contexts either stimulated or neutralized the subversive potentiality of biblical philology. A comparison with the agendas and positions of other contemporary critics illustrates the inherently destructive effects of philology upon scriptural authority.
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Rückert, Joachim. The Invention of National Legal History. Edited by Heikki Pihlajamäki, Markus D. Dubber, and Mark Godfrey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.2.
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The chapter undertakes the first European overview up to the present and a comparison of the main European variations with its significant differences and communalities. European legal history is a product of special historiographies. The decisive contexts were the legal humanism and the monarchical state-nationalism of the seventeenth century. Legal history now was understood as task of legitimation, integration, and differentiation. The scientific basis was a new critical method. In the late eighteenth century the task became a modern national drive and was concentrated on state and folk. At the same time the genre was widened in nearly all branches of law. The three pioneers and model cases, namely Hermann Conring (1643) with K.F. Eichhorn (1808), Claude Fleury (about 1670), and Matthew Hale (about 1670), are analysed intensively.
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Corran, Emily. Equivocation and Casuistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828884.003.0002.
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The doctrine of equivocation and mental reservation has been caricatured as an invention of early modern academia, but it was a familiar concept in the Middle Ages. This chapter explores the range of ways in which thought about equivocation appeared in medieval culture. A number of literary genres discussed equivocation, including hagiography, chanson de geste, and romance. The way in which they treated the subject varied according to genre and the requirements of the narrative, but many of these texts highlighted the moral ambiguity of equivocation, especially the chanson de geste Ami et Amile and the romances Tristan and Cligès. Clerical writing on equivocation, the main subject of this study, shared important aspects of the literary treatment of the subject, but in comparison focused more explicitly on pastoral questions of sin and absolution.
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Cohan, Steven. Masculine Hollywood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865788.003.0006.
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This chapter turns from female stars, the objects of cinematic fascination and representation, to the men who control the apparatus. It examines three guises of the male filmmaker: the producer, the writer, and the director. In each case, through a comparison of a studio-era film with two more recent ones, the chapter examines how the backstudio picture locates “creativity” in both the business and the art of filmmaking. It also discusses how backstudios subordinate the male filmmaker and his art to questions of institutional power, with his subordination helping to glamorize or romanticize his figure. Finally, it argues that the genre subsequently equates a masculinized—and white—view of cinema with the cultural aura of “Hollywood.” The chapter closes with a look at the indie black filmmaker as depicted by Baadasssss! (2003).
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Lott, Marie Sumner. String Chamber Music and Its Audiences in the Nineteenth Century. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039225.003.0008.
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This introductory chapter discusses string chamber music, which fostered a variety of social interactions that helped build communities within communities in the nineteenth century. Chamber music for strings resists easy incorporation into the dominant narrative of musical developments centered on technological progress and compositional innovation. This is because chamber music's association with musical conservativism and orthodoxy has colored its reception since at least the 1840s. One reason for string music's apparent orthodoxy lies in the fact that stringed instruments themselves experienced only subtle organological changes in the nineteenth century in comparison to the piano or to wind instruments, which radically changed the timbre of the orchestra in symphonic and operatic works. Moreover, observations that string chamber music remained essentially conservative in its treatment of genre, form, harmony, and the like betray modern historiography's obsession with innovation.
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Corran, Emily. Lying and Perjury in Confessors’ Manuals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828884.003.0005.
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Confessors’ manuals were the most important genre in which practical thought about lying and perjury was developed during the thirteenth century. This chapter argues that confessors’ manuals shared an interest in moral dilemmas with Peter the Chanter’s Summa. A comparison of the treatment of a famous dilemma concerning a lie to save a life in Robert of Courson, Raymond of Penafort, and Hostiensis reveals the similarities in their approach. The key difference between confessors’ manuals and the practical theologians of the late twelfth century was the degree to which they quoted material from canon law. This chapter investigates this influx of legal material into pastoral writings and explains the reasons for the change. It suggests that engagement with canon law did not mean that the ethics of lying and perjury became indistinguishable from canonical thought on the subject.
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Rascaroli, Laura. Sound. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190238247.003.0006.
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In embracing an understanding of essay film’s soundscape that does not stop at voiceover, but extends to all the elements of a complex environment made up of speech, music, sounds, noise, and silence, this chapter moves beyond traditional logocentric and vococentric approaches to the essay film to explore the disjunctive interstice of Deleuze’s sound image. The complexly imbricated auditory space of Language Gulf in the Shouting Valley (2013) by Lawrence Abu Hamdan is considered in light of an essayistic use of voice and sound as political agents. Hypothesizing a genre of musical essay films, the chapter also examines sound in Pier Paolo Pasolini’s La rabbia (Rage, 1963), seen in comparison with Santiago Álvarez’s Now! (1964) and Erik Gandini’s Surplus: Terrorized into Being Consumers (2003). The Barthesian Neutral and ideas of dissonance form the basis of a discussion of musical queering as a form of protestation.
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Tulloch, John, and Belinda Middleweek. Intimate Pleasures and the Madness of Love. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190244606.003.0009.
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Chapter 7 analyzes the real sex films Ken Park and Irréversible in the context of different sexual/social aesthetics in sexually explicit films by drawing on “old” and “new” forms of narrative theory as a “bridging synthesis” of disciplinary approaches. The different generations of narrative theory alluded to in this chapter concern Will Wright’s old critical realist analysis of the Western genre and Tanya Krzywinska’s new, postmodernist “narrative formula” approach. This chapter opens with narrative comparison of one European and one US real sex film to point to their similar narrative reversals and contradictions in the context of the “normal chaos of love,” with a major focus on Ken Park’s narrative. Wright’s and Krzywinska’s theoretically and generationally different versions of narrative theory are thus drawn together in terms of current risk sociological history and distinguished from each other epistemologically for further consideration in later chapters.
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Bingham, Adam. Autumn Afternoons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190254971.003.0011.
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This chapter explores the intertextual place and presence of Ozu Yasujiro in the 2004 comedy drama Dogs and Cats by the first-time female director Iguchi Nami. It considers how Ozu as well as the genre, the shomingeki (middle-class home drama) has frequently figured as a marker or signpost of a particular era of cinema, a sociopolitical juncture and/or an attitude to gender in Japan. Taking this intertextuality as a point of departure, the chapter explores how such a presence animates meaning in Iguchi’s film; it analyzes style and structure as a means of elucidating how this young filmmaker distinguishes both herself and the world of her characters through implicit comparison with Ozu. Moreover, it examines how its narrative—about two young women living together under fractious conditions—contributes to discourse on Japanese models of feminisuto filmmaking, the country’s specific sociocultural model of feminism.
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Péteri, Lóránt. Idyllic Masks of Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0007.
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Mahler’s orchestral song ‘Das himmlische Leben’ (1892) includes references to the chanson of Aristaeus from Act I of Offenbach’s Orphée aux Enfers (1858)—an opéra bouffon Mahler conducted twice in Kassel, between 1883 and 1885. The archaisms of melodic line, part-writing, harmonisation and orchestration in Mahler’s song are at least partly inspired by the direct historicism of Offenbach’s fake pastoral. Irony also has a crucial role in the rhetoric strategies of both works. Jean Paul’s definition of humour as ‘the inverted sublime’ can just as well be applied to Offenbach’s parody of a myth as to the childish and worldly joys of Paradise depicted in ‘Das himmlische Leben’. A comparison with another Humoreske of 1892 by Mahler, ‘Wer hat dies Liedlein erdacht?’, demonstrates that the subversive quotation or allusion, which involves a duality of naivety and chicanery, the lofty and the lowly, is a virtually indispensable feature of the genre.
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Hutchinson, G. O. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.003.0026.
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Form, on the most detailed level, turns out to be inextricably connected with expression, meaning, and larger structure. Perhaps modern scholars underestimate form, as is apparent from the greater importance of metre in ancient conceptions of poetic genre. Rhythm plays an important part in building up the worlds of the rhythmic narrative writing that has been considered. At climactic moments of Chariton, rhythm intensifies the supremacy of love in the erotic scheme of values; in the moments of Plutarch, it helps the presentation of a broader scheme of values, where politics is not simply set aside, but where the individual can transcend powerlessness and death. Philosophy, comparison, the evolution and unpredictability of people are presented the more forcefully through passages heightened by rhythm; rhythm as elsewhere marks meaning and expresses thought. The greatness of Plutarch’s writing emerges much more strongly when we start to read him rhythmically.
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Thomas, Oliver. Hermetically Unsealed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805823.003.0008.
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The Hymn to Hermes offers a late archaic or early classical viewpoint on genre in lyric poetry. It compares hymns and theogonies to bantering songs at symposia, apparently in a paradox grounded in Hermes’ ability to control transfers across firm boundaries. However, the comparisons have a latent logic: the Hymn to Hermes is itself bantering intertextually with the Homeric Hymn to Apollo; it alludes to the fact that a komos can involve both praise-poetry and (post-)sympotic erotic songs. Moreover, Apollo’s first interaction with the lyre leads him to engage Hermes in a game of verbal banter, which suggests that this ability of the lyre to unite contrasting performance types will continue under his patronage. In this sense, the Hymn implicitly reflects on its own power to reshape the audience’s attitudes towards music.
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Zeitlin, Froma. Longus and Achilles Tatius. Edited by Daniel S. Richter and William A. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837472.013.21.
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This chapter pairs two Greek novels: Longus’s Daphnis and Chloe and Achilles Tatius’s Leucippe and Cleitophon, both generally dated to the second century ce. At first glance, they may seem to be strange bedfellows: Longus’s work is a pastoral romance, a small-scale miniature set entirely in an idyllic landscape on the island of Lesbos, where the young lovers enjoy conditions of unimaginable innocence and what adventures they have are limited to their own surroundings, while Achilles Tatius’s is a sprawling tale of maximum complexity of twice the length, involving a wide-ranging geography, and generally encompasses a much broader range of experience. Yet a preliminary comparison of the two romances is an object lesson in the flexibility of the genre itself, that is, the creative possibilities of using novelistic tropes and thematic conventions to produce entirely different results, while reinforcing (if, at times, challenging) the ideological underpinnings of the ideal romance.
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Platte, Nathan. From the Ranch to the Drawing Room. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371112.003.0012.
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In story and production, Duel in the Sun and The Paradine Case have little in common, but it is precisely their contrasts that show how music served both a more elaborate and experimental function in Selznick’s postwar films. For Duel, Selznick construed a genre-bending western of operatic proportions, striving for “an equivalent of [Wagner’s] Tristan.” Inspired and intimidated by the comparison, composer Dimitri Tiomkin churned out music, much of it rejected. From film to soundtrack album, Tiomkin relied upon choral director Jester Hairston and editor Audray Granville to realize the film’s musical program. As Selznick conceded, The Paradine Case sought to make amends for Duel’s lapses of taste. In this emotionally chilled mystery of a piano-playing murder suspect, Franz Waxman’s music both conceals and discloses characters’ motivations. In adapting musical scenes from the source novel for the screen, Selznick and Hitchcock cast music as the hinge upon which deception swings.
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McKinlay Gardner, R. J., and David J. Amor. Sex Chromosome Translocations. Edited by R. J. McKinlay Gardner and David J. Amor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199329007.003.0006.
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The sex chromosomes (gonosomes) are different, and sex chromosome translocations need to be considered separately from translocations between autosomes. A sex chromosome can engage in translocation with an autosome, with the other sex chromosome, or even with its homolog. The qualities of the sex chromosomes have unique implications in terms of the genetic functioning of gonosome-autosome translocations. This chapter acknowledges the specific peculiarities that the sex chromosomes imply: the X being subject to transcriptional silencing; and the very small Y gene complement being confined largely to sex-determining loci. It reviews translocations between sex chromosomes and autosomes; between X and Y chromosomes; and even the very rare circumstance of between X chromosomes and between Y chromosomes. The differences in assessing risk, according to chromosome form, in comparison with the autosomal translocation, are reviewed, and the biology behind these differences is discussed.
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Kynes, Will. The Intertextual Network of Ecclesiastes and the Self-Reflective Nature of Genre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777373.003.0007.
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The numerous, often contrasting interpretations Ecclesiastes has inspired across history provide a clear example of the self-reflective character of genres. Rather than dismissing these readings completely, Wisdom included, because of their subjectivity, it is more profitable to understand each as a partial and selective perspective responding to some potential of the text. Whether inspired by the traditional collections before Wisdom Literature, intertextual links to other canonical genres, parallels to texts from across the ancient Near East, or comparisons based on the book’s literary features, such as form, tone, or content, each genre proposal reveals something about the nature of the text while falling short of comprehending the whole. Illuminating all the contours of the text’s rugged terrain while dispelling the “misleading shadows” of self-interested exegesis will require engaging with more rather than less of the subjective perspectives on its meaning.
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Wasdin, Katherine. Eros at Dusk. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869090.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book analyzes the relationship between wedding poetry and love poetry in the ancient world. By treating both Greek and Latin texts, it offers an innovative and wide-ranging discussion of the poetic representation of social occasions. The discourses associated with weddings and love affairs both foreground ideas of persuasion and praise even though they differ dramatically in their participants and their outcomes. Furthermore, these texts make it clear that the brief, idealized, and eroticized moment of the wedding stands in contrast to the long-lasting and harmonious agreement of the marriage. At times, these genres share traditional forms of erotic persuasion, but at other points, one genre purposefully alludes to the other to make a bride seem like a girlfriend or a girlfriend like a bride. Explicit divergences remind the audience of the different trajectories of the wedding, which will hopefully transition into a stable marriage, and the love affair, which is unlikely to endure with mutual affection. Important themes include the threshold; the evening star; plant and animal metaphors; heroic comparisons; reciprocity and the blessings of the gods; and sexual violence and persuasion. The consistency and durability of this intergeneric relationship demonstrates deep-seated conceptions of legitimate and illegitimate sexual relationships.
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Gilby, Emma. Descartes's Fictions. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831891.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Descartes’s Fictions traces common movements in early modern philosophy and literary method. This volume reassesses the significance of Descartes’s writing by bringing his philosophical output into contact with the literary treatises, exempla, and debates of his age. Arguing that humanist theorizing about the art of poetry represents a vital intellectual context for Descartes’s work, the volume offers readings of the controversies to which this poetic theory gives rise, with particular reference to the genre of tragicomedy, the question of verisimilitude, and the figures of Guez de Balzac and Pierre Corneille. Drawing on what Descartes says about, and to, his many contemporaries and correspondents embedded in the early modern republic of letters, this volume shows that poetics provides a repository of themes and images to which he returns repeatedly: fortune, method, error, providence, passion, and imagination, amongst others. Like the poets and theorists of the early modern period, Descartes is also drawn to the forms of attention that people may bring to his work. This interest finds expression in the mature Cartesian metaphysics of the Meditations, as well as, later, in the moral philosophy of his correspondence with Elisabeth of Bohemia or the Passions of the Soul. Some of the tropes of modern secondary criticism—a comparison of Descartes and Corneille, or the portrayal of Descartes as a ‘tragic’ figure—are also re-evaluated. This volume thus bridges the gap between Cartesian criticism and late-humanist literary culture in France.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, and John McBeth. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, John McBeth, and Nisha Nair. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Ferguson, Sam. Diaries Real and Fictional in Twentieth-Century French Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814535.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This is the first study of the diary in French writing across the twentieth century, as a genre including both fictional and non-fictional works. From the 1880s it became apparent to writers in France that their diaries (or journaux intimes) – a supposedly private form of writing – would probably come to be published, strongly affecting the way their readers viewed their other published works, and their very persona as an author. More than any other, André Gide embraced the literary potential of the diary: the first part of this book follows his experimentation with the diary in the fictional works Les Cahiers d’André Walter (1891) and Paludes (1895), in his diary of the composition of his great novel, Le Journal des faux-monnayeurs (1926), and in his monumental Journal 1889–1939 (1939). The second part follows developments in diary-writing after the Second World War, inflected by radical changes in attitudes towards the writing subject. Raymond Queneau’s works published under the pseudonym of Sally Mara (1947–1962) used the diary playfully at a time when the writing subject was condemned by the literary avant-garde. Roland Barthes’s experiments with the diary (1977–1979) took it to the extremes of its formal possibilities, at the point of a return of the writing subject. Annie Ernaux’s published diaries (1993–2011) demonstrate the role of the diary in the modern field of life-writing, especially in comparison with autobiography. Throughout the century, the diary has repeatedly been used to construct an œuvre and author, but also to call these fundamental literary concepts into question.
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Coimbra, João. Torre de Babel e Monte Sinai: modelos de exegese do Antigo Testamento. Brazil Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-755-6.
Full textAbstract:
“Tower of Babel and Mount Sinai: Old Testament models of biblical exegesis” is an in-depth study in Genesis 11: 1-9 and Exodus 20: 1-6. An excellent tool for those who want to know and practice the principles of Bible interpretation. The exegesis model follows three fundamental principles: literary analysis, contextual analysis and theological analysis. In literary analysis we work with the delimitation, translation of the text, comparison of versions, the structure and literary genre. In the contextual analysis we emphasize the oral tradition, the literary context of Genesis and an analysis of the socio-historical context. Three approaches were made, regarding the literary formation process, about the environment in which the text was generated and regarding the socio-historical context. In the theological analysis, the study of the correlation of the text, the analysis of the theological content and the practical context for life were carried out. In the first part, we try to answer: To what extent can one accept the text of Genesis 11.1-9 literally? How to harmonize the text with the evident phases in the process of natural language, oral and written tradition? The origin of the languages occurs at the event recorded in Genesis 11? Can the biblical event of the “Tower of Babel” be indicated as the basis for the branching out of multiple languages? Can one defend a linguistic monogenism without considering religion as an included source? Among others. In the second part, the objective is to explain the origin and the importance of monotheism for Christianity based on the exegetical research of Exodus 20.1-6. The main issue is related to the literary, historical and theological relevance to the Christian faith.