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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Genome size evolution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ogburn, Nicholas Theodore. "Genome Size and Host Specialization in Parasites." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7876.

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In parasites, there are several examples of changes in genome size linked to a parasitic lifestyle—with some species having greatly reduced or expanded genome sizes relative to free-living non-parasitic relatives. What is unknown is whether there is correlated evolution between genome size and host specialization, and whether there is a generalizable framework in predicting genome size evolution in parasites using their genetic architecture and host use ecology. Here, I tested whether genome size of 96 eukaryotic parasites across a wide variety of taxa correlates with host specialization, quan

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2

Bharathan, Geeta. "Phylogenetic relationships of basal monocots and the evolution of genome size." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186567.

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The diversification of monocotyledons into major lines, and the evolution of genome size have been studied in this work. The diversification of major lineages of monocots was examined through the phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data. Data on genome sizes were collected and assessed in the context of these hypotheses of relationships. Parsimony analyses of morphological and rDNA sequence data suggest that there are three major groups within monocots: "Liliiflorae," the Alismatid-Aroid group, and a group of derived monocots, "eumonocots". The morphological data suggest that

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3

Boman, Jesper. "Genome size and phenotypic plasticity in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337280.

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It has long been evident that genome size is not an accurate measure of organismal complexity. This paradox was “solved” with the discovery of nonfunctional and selfish DNA in the 1970s. However, emerging from this explanation was an enigma of complexity. Neither neutral nor adaptive models can account for all genome size variation across the tree of life. An organism with intraspecific variation is needed to investigate the functional role of genome size differences. Here I use different populations of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, with a known intraspecific genome size variation

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4

Kuo, Eva Grotkopp. "Genome size evolution, seedling relative growth rate, and invasiveness in pines (Pinus) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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5

Chochai, Araya. "Phylogenetics, genome size evolution and population genetics of slipper orchids in the subfamily Cypripedioideae (Orchidaceae)." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/88/.

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Slipper orchids (subfamily Cypripedioideae) comprise five genera; Paphiopedilum, Cypripedium, Phragmipedium, Selenipedium, and Mexipedium. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Paphiopedilum, were studied using nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid sequence data. The results confirm that Paphiopedilum is monophyletic and support the division of the genus into three subgenera Parvisepalum, Brachypetalum and Paphiopedilum. Four sections of subgenus Paphiop edilum (Pardalopetalum, Cochlopetalum, Paphiopedilum and Barbata) are recovered with strong support for monophyly, concurring with a recent inf

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6

Bentkowski, Piotr. "Modelling evolution of genome size in prokaryotes in response to changes in their abiotic environment." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/50553/.

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The size of the genomes of known free-living prokaryotes varies from � 1:3 Mbp to � 13 Mbp. This thesis proposes a possible explanation of this variation due to variability of the physical conditions of the environment. In a stable environment, competition for the resource becomes the main force of selection and smaller (thus cheaper) genomes are favoured. In more variable conditions larger genomes will be preferred, as they have a wider range of response to a less predictable environment. An agent-based model (ABM) of genome evolution in an free-living prokaryotic population has been proposed

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7

Farhat, Perla. "Exploration génétique de la polyploïdie du genre Juniperus (Cupressaceae)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS125.

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La polyploïdie est un processus important et un moteur de la diversification et de l'évolution des plantes. Peu de polyploïdes naturels ont été décrits chez Juniperus, un genre de conifère représenté par 75 espèces d'arbres ou arbustes à feuilles persistantes, largement réparties dans l'hémisphère nord. Dans ce travail de recherche, l’implication de la polyploïdie dans l'évolution de Juniperus et l’élucidation des mécanismes sous-jacents à ces événements de polyploïdisation sont explorées. La taille du génome (TG) et le niveau de ploïdie ont été évalués chez 111/115 taxons en utilisant la cyto

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8

Martinez, Pablo Ariel. "Processos carioevolutivos na ordem tetraodontiformes: uma vis?o atrav?s de suas diferentes linhagens." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14015.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PabloAM.pdf: 4013213 bytes, checksum: 97a52b7c01ae798889ede43cc9641282 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico<br>Given the great diversity of fishes, the Order Tetraodontiformes stands to show genetic and morphological characteristics enough singular. The fishes of this order have a compact DNA which favors molecular studies, as well as comparisons with more basal species. Model of genome evolution, there are still many gaps in knowledge about their chr

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9

Chang, Hsiao-Han. "Genomic variation and evolution of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10774.

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Malaria is a deadly disease that causes nearly one million deaths each year. Understanding the demographic history of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the genetic basis of its adaptations to antimalarial treatments and the human immune system is important for developing methods to control and eradicate malaria. To study the long-term demographic history and recent effective size of the population in order to identify genes under selection more efficiently and predict the effectiveness of selection, in Chapter 2 we sequenced the complete genomes of 25 cultured P. falciparum isolat

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10

Gattepaille, Lucie. "Population Genetic Methods and Applications to Human Genomes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260998.

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Population Genetics has led to countless numbers of fruitful studies of evolution, due to its abilities for prediction and description of the most important evolutionary processes such as mutation, genetic drift and selection. The field is still growing today, with new methods and models being developed to answer questions of evolutionary relevance and to lift the veil on the past of all life forms. In this thesis, I present a modest contribution to the growth of population genetics. I investigate different questions related to the dynamics of populations, with particular focus on studying hum

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11

Fischer, Stephan. "Modélisation de l'évolution de la taille des génomes et de leur densité en gènes par mutations locales et grands réarrangements chromosomiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924831.

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Bien que de nombreuses séquences génomiques soient maintenant connues, les mécanismes évolutifs qui déterminent la taille des génomes, et notamment leur part d'ADN non codant, sont encore débattus. Ainsi, alors que de nombreux mécanismes faisant grandir les génomes (prolifération d'éléments transposables, création de nouveaux gènes par duplication, ...) sont clairement identifiés, les mécanismes limitant la taille des génomes sont moins bien établis. La sélection darwinienne pourrait directement défavoriser les génomes les moins compacts, sous l'hypothèse qu'une grande quantité d'ADN à répliqu

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12

Abdel, Samad Farah. "Caractérisation écogéographique et génétique du genre Astragalus du Liban : approches de conservation biogéographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4320.

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Le genre Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) est l'un des genres ayant le plus grand nombre de représentants parmi les angiospermes. Son centre d'origine et de diversité est situé dans les zones arides des montagnes de l'Asie centrale et sud-ouest. Au Liban, ce genre est aussi l'un des plus genres représentés dans la flore, avec 62 espèces et sous-espèces et 22 espèces endémiques identifiés. Les différents taxons de ce genre sont difficiles à identifier en se basant uniquement sur les caractères morphologiques et leur statut actuel de la distribution doit être évaluée. Les relations phylogénétiques, les

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13

Kastally, Cheldy. "Genome-wide genetic variation in two sister species of cold-resistant leaf beetle: migration and population adaptation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/262911.

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An important goal of biology is to understand the key mechanisms of evolution underlying the diversity of living organisms on Earth. In that respect, the recent innovations in the field of new generation sequencing technologies (NGS) are bringing new and exciting opportunities. This thesis presents results obtained with these tools in the specific context of the study of two sister species of cold-adapted leaf beetles, Gonioctena intermedia and G. quinquepunctata. More specifically, this work is focused around four research directions: the two first explore methods of statistical inference usi

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14

Cruz, Guilherme Marcello Queiroga. "Desvendando as interações entre retrotransposons e genomas vegetais, com ênfase em cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-27012015-084619/.

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Esta tese é estruturada em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo explora os retrotransposons com LTR (LTR-RT) em cana-de-açúcar e grande parte de seus resultados foram publicados no artigo \'\'Analysis of plant LTR-retrotransposons at the fine-scale family level reveals individual molecular patterns\'\'. Nossos resultados mostraram que as diferentes famílias de LTR-RT em cana-de-açúcar possuem estruturas e regulação distintas. O segundo capítulo desta tese visa responder a perguntas que surgiram durante a primeira metade deste trabalho, mas ao invés de focar no genoma de uma planta optamos por t

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15

Axelsson, Erik. "Comparative Genomics in Birds." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7432.

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16

Figuet, Emeric. "Impact génomique des stratégies d'histoire de vie et reconstruction de traits ancestraux chez les amniotes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS101/document.

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L'élucidation des liens réciproques unissant le génotype et le phénotype constitue un objectif central de la biologie moderne. De nombreux aspects de l'évolution à l'échelle moléculaire sont ainsi connus pour répondre aux caractéristiques démographiques ou d'histoire de vie des espèces. En particulier, la théorie quasi-neutre postule que les petites populations accumulent davantage de substitutions faiblement délétères dans leur génome, en raison d'une dérive génétique accrue. La composition en bases, à travers le mécanisme de la conversion génique biaisée, s'est également révélée obéir à l'in

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17

Pospíšilová, Monika. "Evoluce velikosti genomu v rodě Globba (Zingiberaceae)." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306700.

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The variability of the genome size reaches several grades even within relatively close groups of plants. The study of the genome size in the phylogenetic context provides interesting results which characterize the evolution of the individual groups of plants. In this respect, tropical plants have yet not been studied. Tropical genus Globba (ca. 100 species) belongs to an economically significant family Zingiberaceae. The diversity centre is found in Thailand but it spreads from east India and southern China up to Indonesia and the Philippines. It is a polyploid complex which exists in two cyto

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18

Stuchlíková, Magdalena. "Velikost genomu v evoluci švábů." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435843.

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Genome size or nuclear DNA content is a a trait which varies greatly among living organisms, with no apparent relashionship between genome size and organismal complexity. It is usually described using the C-value as either a number of base pairs or picograms of DNA. Unresolved questions regarding mechanisms influencing genome size and relationships between genome size and other organismal traits are together known as the C-value enigma. Genome size is known to positively correlate with cell size and negatively with developmental and cell division rate. A maximum constraint of 2 pg has also bee

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19

Bainard, Jillian D. "Patterns and biological implications of DNA content variation in land plants." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3078.

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DNA content varies significantly over land plants, and is known to correlate with various aspects of plant form and function. In the present study, two measures of DNA content were examined in taxa across the land plant phylogeny: genome size (or C-value) and endopolyploidy (or endoreduplication index, EI). Additionally, the relationships between DNA content and various morphological and ecological traits were assessed. DNA content was determined for 64 liverwort species from 33 families. There was a large range in 1C-values from 0.27 to 20.46 pg, but no endopolyploidy was observed. There was

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