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Academic literature on the topic 'Génomique forestière'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Génomique forestière"
Maltais, Véronique. "Analyse sociopolitique des enjeux socio-économiques liés à la génomique forestière : Étude de cas du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27348/27348.pdf.
Full textDuplessis, Sébastien. "Caractérisation par ingénierie génomique des profils d'expression génique de Pisolithus tinctorius et d'Eucalyptus globulus au cours du développement de la symbiose ectomycorhizienne." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0019_DUPLESSIS.pdf.
Full textEctomycorrhiza formation and function alter both fungal and plant gene expression. The identification of a large rumber of novel genes expressed exclusively or predominantly in the symbiosis will contribute greatly to the understanding of the function of the ectomycorrhizal association. We have constructed a cDNA library of 4-day-old Eucalyphls globulus-Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhiza by random cloning and through suppression subtractive hybridization. We screened 715 arrayed cDNAs to identify symbiosis-regulated genes by using differential hybridization. Gene expression profiles obtained from free-living Pisolithus tinctorius, non-inoculated roots and ectomycorrhizas at various developmental stages, from the earliest contacts (4 days) to the functionning symbiotic organ (28 days) were analyzed. Comparisons of free-living partners and symbiotic tissues revealed significant changes in the expression levels (differential expression ratio> 2. 0) for 11 to 23% of the genes analyzed at the different stages of mycorrhiza formation. No ectomycorrhiza-specific gene was detected. We derived groups of coordinately expressed genes (i. E. Regulons) using hierarchical clustering and Self Organizing Maps. At least a dozen of distinct temporal patterns of induction/repression were observed. The main fungal regulons contained genes coding for cell-wall and membrane proteins, communication genes, and metallothionein-related poteins. In the host root, a major down-regulated regulon comprised genes involved in water transport and stress suggesting that mycorrhiza development improves water uptake. We have furthermore characterized cDNA clones corresponding to Pisolithus signalling genes (ras, raf and calcineurine) and to a new hydrophobin gene (HydPt-3)
Laverdière, Jean-Philippe. "Contrôle génétique de la résistance à la sécheresse chez l'épinette blanche." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69522.
Full textIn the context of anticipated climate change, increasingly intense and frequent episodes of drought will affect water availability for boreal tree species, prompting tree breeders to consider adaptation to water stress as a priority. We used a 19-year-old comparative test of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) polycross progeny established on two sites affected by drought episodes to compare the genetic control and the potential for improvement of drought response with those of more conventional growth traits. To do this, we used genomic selection (GS) based on genomic profiles and traditional selection based on pedigree information only (PS). The genetic control for drought-response traits was somewhat weaker than for growth traits, but with comparable estimated genetic gains, which makes it possible to consider the use of GS at an early age. The accuracy of predicted breeding values for drought response traits was only slightly lower than that for growth traits. We observed opposite correlations on the two sites studied between water stress resistance traits and tree radial growth, likely because the water stress episodes occurred at different times during the growth season between sites. However, some selection scenarios made it possible to improve all traits while sacrificing very little on height gain, which is the priority trait targeted for this species in Quebec. Our results suggest that integrating drought response into white spruce breeding programs would require only a slight sacrifice in height growth, but that the accuracy of predictions obtained by the genomic or the conventional approach is negatively affected by the lower numbers of trees in site-specific analyses when the water stress episodes are different from site to site.
Pegard, Marie. "New models for implementation of genome-wide evaluation in black poplar breeding program." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2058/document.
Full textForest species are unique in many ways compared to other domesticated species. Forest trees have long juvenile phases, leading to long and costly selection cycles and requiring selection in several independent stages. Even if this method is operationally effective, it remains costly in terms of time and resources, resulting in a diluted intensity and accuracy of selection.In view of these constraints, trees are good candidates for the implementation of genomic evaluation. Genomic selection (SG) is based on the classification and selection of individuals from the information contained in their genome without using a phenotypic evaluation step and thus accelerating the selection process, in order to identify the situations, criteria and factors in which SG could be a feasible option for poplar. Our study showed that the benefits of genomic evaluation are context-dependent. Genomic evaluation is most effective in theless-advantageous situations, it also benefits from low to medium density genetic information following a high-quality imputation step. Genomic selection could be an interesting option at an early stage, when the accuracy of selection is generally low and genetic variability is abundant.Our work has also shown that it is important to evaluate performance with alternative criteria,such as those related to ranking, especially when these criteria fit the operational context of the breeding programme under study
Tidjani, Abdoul-Razak. "Évolution génomique au sein d'une population naturelle de Streptomyces." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0159.
Full textStreptomyces are rhizospheric bacteria that contribute to soil fertility (recycling of organic matter), plant growth and health. They have among the largest bacterial genomes (12 Mb) with a high genetic variability. The genome variability, observed at the interspecific level has never been addressed within a population, i.e. between sympatric individuals belonging to the same species (Conspecific strains) within the same ecological niche. The objective of this work was to investigate this diversity in the forest soil ecosystem, to estimate its dynamics and its potential functional roles. After sequencing and comparison of the complete genomes, we observed a wide genomic diversity in terms of size, presence/absence of extrachromosomal elements, but also in terms of presence/absence of genes along the chromosome. A large number of insertion and deletion events (indels) from 1 to 241 genes differentiate individuals in the population. Given the close phylogenetic relationship of these strains, the common ancestor of the population is recent, hence the genomic diversity would result from a massive and rapid gene flux. The high prevalence of integrative and conjugative elements in the population suggests that conjugation could act as a driving force of this diversity. Differential production of specialized metabolites (antibiotics) was also used to estimate the impact of genetic diversity on population’s ecology. We were able to show that this production was linked to strain specific genes and that it may constitute a « public good » for the population. We propose that the rapid evolution of the genome contributes to the maintenance of social cohesion mechanisms within these soil bacteria
Wipf, Daniel. "Polymorphismes protéique et génomique au sein des Morchellaceae : mise au point d'un outil moléculaire adapté à l'étude de l'écologie du genre Morchella en milieu forestier." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0244_WIPF.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Génomique forestière"
Symposium, canadien sur la génomique forestière (1er 2004 Ottawa Ont ). La génomique au service des forêts de demain: Premier Symposium canadien sur la génomique forestière, les 2 et 3 septembre 2004, Ottawa (Ontario), Canada : rapport du symposium. Ottawa, Ont: Service canadien des forêts, Direction des sciences et des programmes, 2006.
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