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Chapman, S. C., M. Cooper, D. G. Butler, and R. G. Henzell. "Genotype by environment interactions affecting grain sorghum. I. Characteristics that confound interpretation of hybrid yield." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99020.
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Past sorghum hybrid trials in north-eastern Australia have detected substantial genotype by environment (G×E) interactions for yield in sampling a variable target population of environments (TPE) that is affected by spatial and seasonal differences in crop water supply. Three datasets, comprising yields of commercial and final stage experimental hybrids and covering 9–17 years (Y) and up to 30 locations (L), were analysed to quantify variance components for trial error, genotypic (σ2g), and G×E (σ2gl, σ;2gy, and σ2gly) interaction effects. Whereas trial means varied 2–3-fold across seasons, a greater range was estimated for variance components of trial error (range of 0.05–0.5), G (0–>0.3), and G×L interaction (0.05–>1.0). There was substantial seasonal variation in the ratio of σ2g to (σ2g +σ2gl), and in two datasets, 73% of the seasonal σ2gl was due to poor genetic correlations among locations. This implies that any given set of hybrids in a random set of locations would be ranked differently from season to season. Analysis of locations over years detected 90% of the total G×E interaction as G×L×Y, rather than G×L or G×Y, although this was reduced by accounting for genotype maturity. To achieve repeatabilities of >80%, trials would need to be conducted over at least 5 years and 20 locations per year. The variable and unpredictable nature of much of the G×E interaction in the region implies that broad adaptation to different water regimes is required, unless prior knowledge of the seasonal weather can be used to choose ‘narrowly adapted’ cultivars. With current approaches, a large sample of environments is needed to identify such hybrids, and testing across locations and years is equally important. Alternative breeding strategies based on classifying environment types are discussed.
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Hamza, A.M., E.C. Okolo, S.G. Ado, I.S. Usman, and Collins Agho. "Estimates of Components of Variances for Bunch Traits in Date Palm Crosses (Phoenix dactylifera L)." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 7 (2013): 563–68. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.3.061013663.
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A field experiment was carried out at Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research date palm Research substation Dutse, Jigawa state during 2004-2005 flowering season. Biparental progenies derived from 60 crosses replicated twice were subjected to analysis of variance using nested design for the purpose of estimating additives, genetic and dominance components of variances of the seven bunch traits. Significant variation was observed for the traits studied. The male components of variances (σ2m) for all the traits were negative, indicating that the estimates were not different from zero or were very small. Positive estimates were recorded for females within male variance (σ2f/m), while Non-significant negative additive variances (σ2A) were obtained for all the traits. Dominance variance (σ2D) showed significant positive values for number of fruits, spikelets, aborted fruits and unfertilized florets. Positive estimates were recorded for environmental variance (σ2e), genotypic variance (σ2g) and phenotypic variance (σ2ph). In allcases phenotypic variance was much larger than the genotypic variance. Low environmental variance were obtained for the traits indicating that the environmental condition where the experiment was carried out is homogenous and the material could perform considerably well under similar environmental conditions. The means performance of the males indicates that variability exists between the males; Males 6R3 and 1R7 are good combiners with female 12R3 for number of fruits while males 1R12 and 5R2 are good combiners with female 12R3 for number of fruits. Female 2R8 is poor general combiners for number of fruits. Males 1R12 and 5R2 are good combiners with female 1R27 for weight of fruit while male 6R3 and 1R7 are good combiners with female 12R3 for fruit weight. Recurrent and backcross selection are recommended for further date palm improvement programs.
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Zala, K. R., S. M. Makwana, V. S. Patel, and K. S. Solanki. "Genetic Variability Analysis, Correlation Coefficient and Path Coefficient Analysis of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) Varieties in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 21 (2023): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i213972.
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Identification of genotypes better suited for particular region and their improvement is of immediate task to exploit their full potential. The improvement can be brought out after confirming the association among the most important growth with quality attributes. Hence, varietal evaluation becomes necessary to find out suitable variety for a particular region. Experiment was conducted with 20 different decorative types of dahlia varieties at Jambuvadi Farm, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh which falls under South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone during 2021-22. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for eleven characters in dahlia viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, stem girth, days taken to first bud initiation, diameter of flower, stalk length, vase life, anthocyanin content, chlorophyll content and flower yield which indicated the existence of variability in the experimental material. The estimates of genotypic (σ2g) and phenotypic variances (σ2p) of each character were carried out.
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Talas, Firas, Rasha Kalih, and Thomas Miedaner. "Within-Field Variation of Fusarium graminearum Isolates for Aggressiveness and Deoxynivalenol Production in Wheat Head Blight." Phytopathology® 102, no. 1 (2012): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-11-0162.
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Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), causes tremendous annual yield losses in wheat worldwide. Variation of aggressiveness of isolates from individual field populations in terms of FHB infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the host are important population parameters reflecting parasitic ability. Our main objective was to estimate the variation of both traits within three populations of F. graminearum s.s., each consisting of 30 single-spore isolates collected from small wheat fields in Germany, and to compare it with 11 isolates of a collection (F. graminearum collection) from four countries. The same isolates were characterized using 19 single-sequence repeat markers. All isolates were spray inoculated on a moderately resistant spring wheat cultivar at two field locations over 2 years (i.e., in four environments). The genotypic proportion of phenotypic variance (σ2G) within populations was significant (P < 0.01) for both traits, and the σ2G × environment interaction was even more important for mean FHB severity. Ranges in mean FHB severity and DON concentration in the host were only slightly smaller for the field populations than for the F. graminearum collection. Both traits were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated within and across populations. A further partitioning of σ2G revealed 72% of σ2G within and 28% of σ2G across populations for both traits. Molecular variance of the three populations was similarly distributed (73.6% within versus 26.4% between populations). In view of this high within-field variation for traits of parasitic ability and selection, neutral molecular markers, multiple resistance genes of different origin should be employed in wheat breeding programs to obtain a long-term stable FHB resistance.
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Rasel, Md, Lutful Hassan, Md Injamum Ul Hoque, and Setu Rani Saha. "Estimation of genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in local landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for the improvement of salinity tolerance." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 1 (2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36479.
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Twenty eight local rice landraces were assessed for eleven morphological traits for the improvement of salt tolerance ability of rice genotypes. Genotypic variance (σ2g), phenotypic variance (σ2p), phenotypic co-variance (PCV), genotypic co-variance (GCV), heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percentage of mean, correlation coefficient and path coefficient were estimated. For all the traits, PCV was higher than the GCV indicating that they were controlled by non-additive gene action and selection for the improvement of these traits would be promising. Among the traits, survival rate of plant exhibited high estimates of PCV (460.72) and GCV (324.73) indicated wide range of variability for these traits where lowest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) where low PCV and GCV were observed for root dry weight (0.17 & 0.12) followed by shoot dry weight (0.31 & 0.16) and total number of roots (0.61 & 0.34) indicating lack of inherent variability and limited scope for improvement through selection for these traits among the genotypes. Highest heritability had observed in all traits except chlorophyll content and root length and maximum value of heritability was noticed for shoot length (75.96%). High heritability along with high genetic advance was noticed for survival rate of plant (31.14%) followed by live leaves percentage (11.98) and the lowest genetic advance was found in root dry weight (0.58) and shoot dry weight (0.58). Correlation study revealed that significant negative correlations at both phenotypic and genotypic level exist between standard evaluation score (SES) and survival rate (%), root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight and shoot dry weight at the seedling stage further confirmed the importance of these parameters as useful selection criteria for screening for salt tolerance rice genotypes. Path analysis revealed that the root length (0.487), root dry weight (0.394) and shoot dry weight (0.047) had direct positive effect on standard evaluation score at genotypic level where live leaves (%) per plant (0.168), total number of roots (0.006), chlorophyll content (0.243) and shoot fresh weight (0.102) had direct positive effect on standard evaluation score at phenotypic level. From the correlation and path analysis it can be concluded that root length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight would be more promising for the improvement of salt tolerance in rice genotypesJ. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 41-46, April 2018
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Asungre, Peter Anabire, Richard Akromah, Alexander Wireko Kena, and Prakash Gangashetty. "Genotype by Environment Interaction on Grain Yield Stability and Iron and Zinc Content in OPV of Pearl Millet in Ghana Using the AMMI Method." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (November 8, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9656653.
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Twenty-two open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes were tested in two locations for three seasons in Ghana to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, and stability for grain yield and related traits and grain micronutrients among the varieties. General analysis of variance within and across locations and years revealed very highly significant variability ( p < 0.01 ) among the genotypes. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analyses revealed significant genotype × environment interaction (GEI) that influenced the relative ranking of genotypes across the environments. Genotypic variance ( σ 2 g ) contributed a greater proportion of the phenotypic variance (σ2p) for plant height (530.31) and grain Fe content (34.72). Broad-sense heritability ( h b s 2 ) varied widely from 24.82% for grain yield to 77.53% in days to flower. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits, indicating strong play of environment on trait expressions. 11 out of the 22 OPVs were stable for grain yield and micronutrients across environments for the three-year period and included GB 8735 and ICMV 221 Wbr and SOSAT-C88.
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B., Aishwarya, Patil B. R., Patil R. S., Hegde M. G., and Rao M. S. L. "Assessment of combining ability and genetic parameters for yield and fiber traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Line × Tester analysis." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 16, no. 1 (2025): 133–42. https://doi.org/10.37992/2025.1601.010.
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Seed cotton yield and fiber quality are two critical parameters that fundamentally define the economic and industrial value of cotton. The present work focused on improving cotton genotypes both for yield and quality parameters through intraspecific crosses. Estimation of combining ability parameters for forty-five Gossypium hirsutum genotypes employed the Line × Tester mating design. Significant (p≤0.01) differences in mean squares values were observed across all studied traits for the genotypes. Regarding parental lines, P2-103 and P1-190 demonstrated the highest positive general combining ability (gca) effects for seed cotton yield per plant, boll weight, and number of bolls per plant, thereby being identified as exceptional combiners. From the comprehensive set of forty-five crosses, P1-62×Suraksha and P2-36×Subiksha emerged with notable positive specific combining ability (sca) effects across multiple traits. Non-additive genetic variance (σ2D) predominantly exceeded additive genetic variance (σ2A) for most traits, suggesting potential exploitation of superior cross combinations through heterosis breeding strategies. Keywords: Cotton, Line x Tester, combining ability, GCA, SCA
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Abd El-Hady, M. E. E., A. A. Hamed, M. A. I. Youssif, and H. E. M. A. Ismail. "Genetic Studies for some Bean Traits in Relation to Stability and Insect Infestations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1213, no. 1 (2023): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1213/1/012069.
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Abstract This research was carried out at a private farm located at Qaha, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt during the two successive summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 to estimate the stability parameters of ten dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for yield, insect infestation and some economic traits under different planting densities as well as to assess the annual variation of some insect pests through different growing densities and seasons in relation to certain climatic factors, synchronization of plant age with insect infestation percentage on plant due to insect activity. There were significant genotype × densities interactions for the studied bean’s traits, i.e., number of days to flowering, pod length, 100-seeds weight, number of pods/plant, yield/feddan and insect infestation. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits. Pooled deviation mean squares for number of days to flowering, yield/fed. and insect infestation were not significant suggesting the consistency of the genotypes yielding ability under environmental conditions tested. The high yielding genotypes G6, G1 and G10 produced high yielding performance based on wide adaptation and stability of performance over all environments. Genotypes G3, G5, G7 and G10 were insensitive to environmental changes and could be recommended for cultivation under all conditions. Genotype G8 also had minimum aphid infestation over range of environments showed below regression coefficients for yield/fed. and insect infestation and low deviation from regression, indicated specific adaptability of this genotype to unfavorable environments. Genetic variation (σ2g) was large in magnitude compared to error one (σ2e) in all studied traits of all cases except pod length in all densities of 2nd season (Env. 5-8) and number of pods under 10 cm/2 rows of Env.8, reflecting the genetic differences among genotypes for all studied traits except of those two cases. The population of both leaf miners (Melanogromyza phaseoli) and aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) was observed from the third week of March (5th week after planting date) and continued till to 3rd week of May (14th week after planting) and reached to a peak level 55.2 and 85.9% for aphid and leaf miners during 9th and 11th weeks after planting date, respectively, i.e. 2nd and 4th week of April. Genotype G8 interacted with planting space of (5 cm ×2 rows) were explained the lowest Melanagromyza phaseoli (Tryon) and Aphis craccivora Koch, infestations (18.8% and 12.6%, respectively) followed by G1 and G5 with the same planting space for leaf miners (29.6%) and aphid (15.3%) infestations, respectively.
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N. Dudhatra, Kuldeep, Mukesh P. Patel, and Mihir M. Pandya. "Elucidation of gene action and estimation of combining ability effects for fruit yield attributes and biochemical traits in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 15, no. 3 (2024): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37992/2024.1503.067.
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Abstract The present investigation was undertaken in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) to estimate combining ability and gene action following a half diallel mating design using ten parents. The ratio of genetic variance components, σ2gca/σ2sca and σ2D/σ2A, showed dominant gene action, indicating the presence of non-additive genetic variance for days to 50% flowering, fruit yield per plant, total phenol, antioxidant activity and total soluble sugar. The traits fruits per plant, fruit girth, and fruit weight showed additive genetic variance. Among the parental genotypes, AB 15-08, ABSR 2 and AB 20-13 were found to be good general combiners for fruit yield, fruits per plant, and total soluble solids. The three highest-ranking hybrids were AB 15-08 × AB 20-13, AB 15-08 × AB 20-03 and AB 20-07 × GP BRJ 224. The above hybrids would be rewarding for harnessing heterosis. Keywords: Diallel cross, brinjal, combining ability, fruit yield, antioxidant activity
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Vedanchiya, K. K., N. V. Soni, R. M. Patel, et al. "Hybrid Vigour and Combining Ability in Biofortified Maize (Zea mays L.)." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Aug, 8 (2023): 1204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3592c.
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The study was conducted during winter season of 2020–2021 and rainy season of 2021 at Maize Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Bhiloda, Gujarat, India. The aim of the study was to assess magnitude of heterosis and combining ability of forty-five single cross hybrids developed by half-diallel mating design involving ten parents and two standard checks. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The heterosis, combining ability and components of genetic variance were studied for diverse thirteen characters. The analysis of variance revealed that mean square values of genotypes were significant for all the characters which indicated the existence of considerable amount of genetic variation in genotypes for all the characters. Among single crosses, IMR-76×IMR-58 exhibited maximum mean and desired SCA effect and standard heterosis for β-carotene and IMR-53×IMR-72 for kernel yield. The general and specific combining ability variances observed highly significant for all traits except days to tasseling (only additive gene action), anthesis-silking interval and shelling percentage (only non-additive gene action). The σ2A/σ2D ratio indicated that preponderance of non-additive gene action for the inheritance of these characters suggesting due weightage should be given to heterosis breeding for genetic improvement of these traits. The crosses namely IMR-52×IMR-72 and IMR-51×IMR-58 presented significant heterosis for days to maturity, grain yield, iron and β-carotene content.
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Si, Ping, Rodney J. Mailer, Nick Galwey, and David W. Turner. "Influence of genotype and environment on oil and protein concentrations of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown across southern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01203.
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Improvement of oil and protein concentrations is a primary breeding objective for canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in the low rainfall areas across southern Australia. This study investigates the relative influences of genotype and environment on the relationship between seed oil concentration and protein concentration of meal, and between seed components. The study also estimates the magnitude of genetic and genotype × environment variances in oil and protein concentrations in a set of interstate field evaluation experiments of genotypes with early and mid-season maturity conducted across southern Australia in 1996 and 1997.The oil concentration of seed ranged from 36 to 46% across maturity groups, locations, and years. The range of protein concentration of meal was 30–46%. Environment had a much larger impact than genotype on oil concentration of seed and protein concentration of meal. Several genotypes in this study had higher concentrations of oil in the seed and protein in the meal than the commercial cultivars used as controls. Significant (P < 0.05) genetic variance (σg2) and significant genotype × year × location interaction (σgyl2) was present in these 2 quality traits. However, the variance components for the interaction of genotype with location (σgl2) and with year (σgy2) were not significant (P > 0.05), indicating that ranking of genotypes remained constant across locations averaged over many years and across years averaged over many locations, respectively. A significant negative correlation (r�=�–0.73) between seed oil concentration and protein concentration of meal was observed across locations in 1997. Among the genotypes tested, there was no genetic correlation between these 2 traits, suggesting that seed oil concentration and protein concentration of meal can be increased simultaneously by selection. Increase in oil concentration of seed and protein concentration of meal was at the expense of seed residue.
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Harshitha C. R., G. C. Yadav, Anjali, and Abinash Kumar Patel. "Components of Genetic Variation for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.)." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 4 (2024): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i42345.
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An investigation was carried out to assess the gene action in bottle gourd for twenty- three characters at Main Experiment Station, Department of Vegetable Science, A.N.D.U.A.&T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P). during Zaid 2022 using 12 genotypes, nine lines i.e., Narendra Rashmi, NDBG-17, Pusa Naveen, NDBG-21, Punjab Komal, NDBG-28, NDBG-65-2, NDBG-105, NDBG-Sel-2 and three testers i.e., Narendra Prabha, Narendra Kamna, Narendra Pooja and their 27 hybrids obtained through line × tester mating pattern. The variances due to sca (σ2 s) were higher than variance due to gca (σ2g) for all the characters. The value of dominance genetic variances (σ2 D) were larger than additive genetic variance (σ2 A), indicating the presence of dominance and over dominance effects and preponderance of non-additive gene action .The heritability in narrow sense was low for most of the traits except fruit length, days to first staminate flower anthesis and primary branches per plant where high estimate of heritability in narrow sense with low genetic advance were recorded, indicating the presence of non-additive gene action accompanied by environmental influence.
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Sulaiman, Fahmi Salih, Jasim Muhammad Aziz, and Namam Bahram Ismail. "Analysis of combining Abilities and Gene effects for grain Yield and related traits in Durum wheat, (Triticum durum Desf.)." Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences 16, no. 4 (2024): 151–65. https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i4.12427.
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This study included implementation of a half diallel crosses among ten genotypes of durum wheat in 2020-2021. The next growing season 2021-2022, first generation and the parents have been planted at the Agricultural Research Station of Koya/ Erbil by using Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The grain yield trait and its components were studied. General combining ability (G.C.A.) and specific combining ability (S.C.A.) and gene effects were estimated. The results revealed that parent (9) had desirable and high G.C.A. effects for all traits except of plant-height, while the cross (8×10) showed desirable S.C.A. effects for all traits. The additive variance (σ2A) was higher than dominant (σ2D) for the plant-height and number of grains/ spike. And the dominant variance was higher for the rest traits. High values of heritability in both broad sense (H2b.s.) and narrow sense (H2n.s.) were recorded for plant-height and number of grains/ spike. Average degree of dominance was greater than one for flag-leaf area, number of spikes/plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield/plant. Whereas, moderate expected genetic advance was found for number of grains/spike and grain yield/plant.
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Tetiannikov, Nikolay, and Olga Kovaleva. "EVALUATION OF SPRING BARLEY YIELD STABILITY." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 1 (May 13, 2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2024-1-10-16.
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The purpose of research is to determine the share of influence of factors in the overall variability of barley yield and assess stability using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods in the conditions of the south of the Moscow Region. According to the results of the study (2020–2022), significant contributions to yield variability were identified: environmental conditions – 81.9 %; genotypic characteristics – 7.4 and genotype × environment interaction – 8.2 %. 7 samples (280.7–345.2 g/m2) were classified as excee¬ding the standard. Evaluation by parametric (bi – regression coefficient; S2dᵢ – deviation from regression; θi – average variance component; θ(i) – GE variance component; Wi2 – environmental valence; σi2 – stability variance; CV – coefficient of variation) and nonparametric (S(1,2,3,6) – rank statistics; NP(i) – non-parametric stability statistics; KR – rank sum) stability indicators allowed us to identify differences in the response of the sample under study to environmental conditions. A high correlation was noted between S(3) and NP(4) (r = 0,90), S(1) and S(2) (r = 0,96), S(6) and NP(4) (r = 0,98), Wi2 and σi2, (r = 1,00), Wᵢ2 and θᵢ (r = 1,00), σ2ᵢ and θᵢ (r = 1,00), Wᵢ2 and θ(i) (r = –1,00), σ2ᵢ, and θ(i) (r = –1,00), θᵢ and θ(i) (r = –1,00). Relationship with productivity in such indicators as S(1), S(2), S(3), NP(1), Wᵢ2, σ2ᵢ, S2dᵢ, CV, θᵢ, θ(ᵢ) was weak, the greatest association was noted with bᵢ (r = 0,60), NP(3) (r = –0,67), NP(4) (r = –0,67), S(6) (r = –0,69), KR (r = –0,71), NP(2) (r = –0,78). Samples with a combination of stability and high yield were identified: Alei (k-31363, Russia), Maximus (k-31366, Russia), Austris (k-31368, Latvia), Povolzhsky Luch (k-31392, Russia).
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Dahiya, Neha, I. R. Delvadiya, Murakonda Sai Dinesh, and Ankit Dahiya. "Heterosis and Combining Ability Analysis for Yield and Its Component Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Experimental Investigation." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (2023): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183315.
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The study was done on 36 treatments of wheat 25 F1, 10 parental lines and 1 check (GW- 451) in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during Rabi season 2021-2022, 2022- 2023. The observations were recorded on twelve characters, namely, Days to 50% heading, Days to maturity, Number of effective tillers per plant, Plant height (cm), Length of main spike (cm), Grain filling period, Number of spikelets per main spike, Number of grains per main spike, 100-grain weight (g), Grain yield per plant (g), Biological yield per plant (g), Harvest index (%). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted for both the experimental design and line x tester mating design revealed the presence of sufficient genetic variability among genotypes. Combining ability analysis elucidated higher magnitude of σ2s (estimated variance due to sca) than σ2g (estimated variance due to gca) indicating presence of non-additive gene action for all the characters. A significant GCA effects for grain yield per plant and other crucial traits was exhibited by two lines and two tester which were PBW677, HD3226 for line and C-306, CHIRYA 3 in F1 generation. These specific lines possess valuable qualities as promising parental candidates for hybridization programs. Positive sca effects for grain yield per plant and some other yield components was exhibited by Eleven crosses showed significance. A wide range of variation in the estimates of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis in positive and negative direction was observed for grain yield per plant in F1. In case of grain yield per plant ten crosses showed positive and significant heterosis over BP and the best among them were DBW222 X HD2967 (68.59), PBW677 X WH711 (55.63), DBW187 X CHIRYA3 (54.03) and HD3226 X CHIRYA3 (44.90). Ten crosses exhibited positive and significant heterosis over standard variety were HD3226 X C-306 (61.68), PBW677 X WH1105 (55.36), DBW187 X CHIRYA3 (31.03), PBW677 X C-306 (30.43) and HD3226 X CHIRYA3 (21.12). However, the number of crosses exhibiting significant estimates and the range of heterosis varied across different traits.
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ISLAM, M. Z., M. A. A. GALIB, M. M. AKAND, et al. "COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES IN AROMATIC RICE THROUGH LINE BY TESTER ANALYSIS." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 2 (2022): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.2.
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Estimating combining ability helps to evaluate genotypes and determine the nature and degree of gene activities. This study aimed to identify the best parental genotypes and superior hybrids of aromatic rice using a line × tester mating design. Five CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) lines and four testers of local and exotic origins of aromatic rice were studied in this experiment. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed genetic variability among the studied CMS and restorer lines. The analysis of variance showed that parental lines, testers, and their line by testers populations had enough genetic variability. Five out of 20 hybrids found positive heterosis for grain yield, and the hybrid BRRI1A × BUdhan2R had the maximum heterosis. In terms of the agronomic traits evaluated, specific combining ability (SCA) effects were higher than general combining ability (GCA) effects. Genotypes IR58025A, BRRI1A, and BUdhan2R were identified as superior parents based on their performances for yield traits and GCA effects in the desired direction. IR58025A × BUdhan2R and BRRI1A × BUdhan2R were chosen as promising genotypes due to their highest grain yield, heterosis, and desirable SCA. Low ratios of σ2gca/σ2sca and (σ2D/σ2A)1/2, and low to high estimations of narrow-sense heritability indicated that both additive and non-additive gene effects predominated in the inheritance of the studied traits. Pearson's correlation showed that among the 10 studied traits, grain yield plant-1 was highly significant and positively correlated with flag leaf area, spikelet fertility (%), and filled grains panicle-1, as well as, significant and negatively correlated with days to flowering and days to maturity. Superior parental genotypes and hybrids that have been identified can be employed as donor parents to improve the grain yield in aromatic rice.
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Suwaid, A. H., M. A. Rashid, and M. M. Taha. "GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR COMBINING ABILITY AND ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN MAIZE USING HALF DIALLEL CROSS." Journal of Life Science and Applied Research 1, no. 2 (2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59807/jlsar.v1i2.19.
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A field experiment was carried out at the field crops research station of the Agricultural Research Abu-Ghraib during the seasons of 2014, in order to study the general and specific combining abilities, gene action heritability. As well as, the average degree of dominance for yield and its components within the method of the half diallel cross using fixed model, among six inbred lines of maize :(Sy-2, Zm-9, AM-65, ART-A2, ART-C19 and Sy-35) to produce 15 hybrids. Seeds of genotypes (6 inbred lines + 15 hybrids). The results of the genetic analysis showed that there were highly significant differences for mean squares of general and specific combining abilities for all studied traits and the ratio of the variance component of σ2gca to the σ2sca was less than one for all studied traits. The effect of GCA were positive and negative among parents for all studied traits, where the inbred line (Sy-2) was shown a significantly superior in GCA effect for ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and 250-grain weight. The effects of SCA were positive and negative among crosses for all studied traits. The hybrid (Sy-2×ART-2) gave the highest SCA effect for ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and grain yield per plant, while the hybrid (AM-56×ART-2) gave the highest effect for 250-grain weight. The values of non-additive genetic variance (σ2D) were more than that additive genetic variance (σ2A) for all studied traits. The values of the average degree of dominance (ā) were more than one for all studied traits, this indicated over dominance control for these traits.
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Park, Mi Na, Dongwon Seo, Ki-Yong Chung, et al. "Genomic partitioning of growth traits using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array in Hanwoo (Korean cattle)." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 10 (2020): 1558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0699.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the number of loci affecting growth traits and the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects on growth traits, and to understand the genetic architecture for growth traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) using genome-wide association study (GWAS), genomic partitioning, and hierarchical Bayesian mixture models.Methods: GWAS: A single-marker regression-based mixed model was used to test the association between SNPs and causal variants. A genotype relationship matrix was fitted as a random effect in this linear mixed model to correct the genetic structure of a sire family. Genomic restricted maximum likelihood and BayesR: A priori information included setting the fixed additive genetic variance to a pre-specified value; the first mixture component was set to zero, the second to 0.0001×σ_g^2, the third 0.001 × σ_g^2, d the fourth to 0.01 × σ_g^2. BayesR fixed a priori information was not more than 1% of the genetic variance for each of the SNPs affecting the mixed distribution.Results: The GWAS revealed common genomic regions of 2 Mb on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14) and 3 had a moderate effect that may contain causal variants for body weight at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. This genomic region explained approximately 10% of the variance against total additive genetic variance and body weight heritability at 12, 18, and 24 months. BayesR identified the exact genomic region containing causal SNPs on BTA14, 3, and 22. However, the genetic variance explained by each chromosome or SNP was estimated to be very small compared to the total additive genetic variance. Causal SNPs for growth trait on BTA14 explained only 0.04% to 0.5% of the genetic varianceConclusion: Segregating mutations have a moderate effect on BTA14, 3, and 19; many other loci with small effects on growth traits at different ages were also identified.
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Bosio, Christopher F., Ruth E. Fulton, Mike L. Salasek, Barry J. Beaty, and William C. Black. "Quantitative Trait Loci That Control Vector Competence for Dengue-2 Virus in the Mosquito Aedes aegypti." Genetics 156, no. 2 (2000): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.2.687.
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Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting the ability of the mosquito Aedes aegypti to become infected with dengue-2 virus were mapped in an F1 intercross. Dengue-susceptible A. aegypti aegypti were crossed with dengue refractory A. aegypti formosus. F2 offspring were analyzed for midgut infection and escape barriers. In P1 and F1 parents and in 207 F2 individuals, regions of 14 cDNA loci were analyzed with single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to identify and orient linkage groups with respect to chromosomes I–III. Genotypes were also scored at 57 RAPD-SSCP loci, 5 (TAG)n microsatellite loci, and 6 sequence-tagged RAPD loci. Dengue infection phenotypes were scored in 86 F2 females. Two QTL for a midgut infection barrier were detected with standard and composite interval mapping on chromosomes II and III that accounted for ∼30% of the phenotypic variance (σp2) in dengue infection and these accounted for 44 and 56%, respectively, of the overall genetic variance (σg2). QTL of minor effect were detected on chromosomes I and III, but these were not detected with composite interval mapping. Evidence for a QTL for midgut escape barrier was detected with standard interval mapping but not with composite interval mapping on chromosome III.
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Mauro, Rosario Paolo, Michele Agnello, Andrea Onofri, Cherubino Leonardi, and Francesco Giuffrida. "Scion and Rootstock Differently Influence Growth, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Cherry Tomato." Plants 9, no. 12 (2020): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121725.
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Grafting is a valuable tool for managing problems of tomato soil-borne pathogens and pests, but often generates unpredictable effects on crop yield and product quality. To observe these rootstocks-induced changes, experimental designs including many rootstock-scion combinations are required. To this end, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on 63 graft combinations, involving seven cherry tomato scions grouped in large, medium and small-fruited, and eight rootstocks with different genetic backgrounds (crosses between Solanum lycopersicum and S. habrochaites or S. peruvianum or S. pimpinellifolium, plus an intraspecific hybrid), using ungrafted controls. The response of the graft partners was firstly analyzed individually using the environmental variance (σ2E), then by grouping them by classes. When analyzed individually, the scion genotype influenced fruit L*, b*, shape index, total soluble solids (TSS) and its ratio with tritatable acidity (TSS/TA), whereas plant growth and yield were unpredictable. After clustering the graft partners, some of these responses were attributable to the imposed classes. The S. habrochaites-derived hybrids maximized plant biomass, unlike the S. pimpinellifolium ones. Both classes reduced fruit biomass in small- and medium-fruited scions (by 11 and 14%, respectively). The S. habrochaites and S. peruvianum hybrids reduced a* and TSS, whereas promoted TA. L-ascorbic acid was reduced by grafting (from −23 to −45%), in the S. pimpinellifolium group too, indicating, even in low vigor rootstocks, a dilution effect worsening this nutraceutical trait of tomatoes.
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Singh, Shreetu, and Shiv Prakash Shrivastav. "Components of Genetic Variance and Combining Ability Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, Of (April 1, 2025). https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-6019.
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Background: Wheat is a major cereal crop, ranking first in global production. The Line x Tester analysis identifies the best-performing combinations based on the general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids. This information helps in selecting suitable parents for developing high-yielding hybrids. Methods: The experiment involved forty-five genotypes, including thirteen parental lines (ten lines and three testers), thirty F1s and two checks, to estimate variance components and combining ability using a Line x Tester mating design in wheat (Triticum aestivum). It was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during the Rabi seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at the Agriculture Research Farm, Department of plant breeding and genetics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab). Result: The results showed significant genetic variability among lines, testers and hybrids. The variance due to specific combining ability (σ2s) was higher than that due to general combining ability (σ2g). Dominance genetic variance (σ2D) was greater than additive genetic variance (σ2A) and the degree of dominance was greater than one ( greater than 1) for most traits, except for plant height and flag leaf area in F1s. The predictability ratio was less than one ( less than 1) for all traits, indicating the presence of non-additive gene action with some influence of additive gene. General combining ability (GCA) analysis identified lines such as PBW677, 10th HPYT438 and 10th HPYT422, along with tester HD3226, as good combiners with strong potential for developing improved wheat lines through hybridization. Specific combining ability (SCA) analysis showed PBW677 x PBW725, 10th HPYT422 x HD3226, PBW677 x DBW222 and 10th HPYT402 x DBW222 as the best specific combiners, suggesting their potential for yield enhancement in breeding programs. These findings are an important step in advancing wheat breeding programs and ensuring sustainable food production.
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Getahun, Baye Berihun, Mulugeta Atnaf Tiruneh, Ernest Aliche, Marcos Malossetti, Richard GF Visser, and C. Gerard van der Linden. "Genotype-by-Environment Interaction for Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Associated Traits in Potato." Potato Research, April 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-022-09548-x.
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AbstractDeciphering the genetic basis of complex traits like nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) requires understanding the genotype-by-environment (G × E) interaction and linking physiological functions and agronomic traits to DNA markers. Multi-environment experiments were conducted in different environments representing low and high nitrogen levels combined with rain-fed and irrigation production conditions at three different locations in Ethiopia: Debre-Tabor, Injibara and Koga, in 2013 and 2015. The objectives of the study were to determine the G × E interaction and stability of genotypes for NUE of potato and to identify markers associated with NUE and NUE-related agronomic and physiological traits in potato under these diverse environments. Data were analyzed using GenStat, and genotype plus the genotype and environment (GGE) biplot model; the marker-trait associations were discovered using the R-software package GWASpoly. The analysis of variance that included location and production system had estimates for genotype variance (σ2g) that were low compared with the estimates for environment variance (σ2e) and genotype-by-environment interaction variance (σ2ge) for most measured traits at both N levels. The GGE analysis identified two mega-environments that coincided with the two production systems. The high N level environments both at Debre-Tabor and Injibara, and the low N environment at Koga, respectively, were the most suitable environments for discriminating the potato cultivars and being representative test environments for NUE evaluation in the rain-fed mega-environment and irrigation mega-environment. A total of 77 marker trait associations were identified for NUE and NUE-related agronomic and physiological traits. Multi-trait genomic regions that harbored significant marker-trait associations for NUE and NUE-related traits were found on chromosomes III, V and VI. The effect of production season was greater than the effect of N levels on QTL × environment interaction for most NUE-related traits.
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Somegowda, Vinutha K., Kodukula V. S. V. Prasad, Jalaja Naravula, et al. "Genetic Dissection and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Agronomic and Fodder Quality Traits in Sorghum Under Different Water Regimes." Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (February 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.810632.
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Livestock provides an additional source of income for marginal cropping farmers, but crop residues that are used as a main source of animal feed are characteristically low in digestibility and protein content. This reduces the potential livestock product yield and quality. The key trait, which influences the quality and the cost of animal feed, is digestibility. In this study, we demonstrate that sorghum breeding can be directed to achieve genetic gains for both fodder biomass and digestibility without any trade-offs. The genotypic variance has shown significant differences for biomass across years (13,035 in 2016 and 3,395 in 2017) while in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) showed significant genotypic variation in 2016 (0.253) under drought. A range of agronomic and fodder quality traits was found to vary significantly in the population within both the control and drought conditions and across both years of the study. There was significant genotypic variance (σg2) and genotypic × treatment variance (σgxt2) in dry matter production in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population in both study years, while there was only significant σg2 and σgxt2 in IVOMD under the control conditions. There was no significant correlation identified between biomass and digestibility traits under the control conditions, but there was a positive correlation under drought. However, a negative relation was observed between digestibility and grain yield under the control conditions, while there was no significant correlation under drought population, which was genotyped using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique, and 1,141 informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified. A linkage map was constructed, and a total of 294 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, with 534 epistatic interactions, across all of the traits under study. QTL for the agronomic traits fresh and dry weight, together with plant height, mapped on to the linkage group (LG) 7, while QTL for IVOMD mapped on to LG1, 2, and 8. A number of genes previously reported to play a role in nitrogen metabolism and cell wall-related functions were found to be associated with these QTL.
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Roostaei, Mozaffar, Jaffar Jafarzadeh, Ebrahim Roohi, et al. "Genotype × environment interaction and stability analyses of grain yield in rainfed winter bread wheat." Experimental Agriculture 58 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479722000345.
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Abstract The genotype × environment (GE) interaction analysis is fundamental in crop breeding programs to guide selection and for recommendation of high performing and stable genotypes for breeding objectives. This study aimed at quantifying the GE interaction effects and determines grain yield stability among winter bread wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions of Iran. Twenty-four winter wheat genotypes were evaluated under nine test locations using a randomized complete blocks design with four replications during three cropping seasons (2019–21). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and several parametric and nonparametric stability statistics were applied for analysis of grain yield data collected from the experiments. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield revealed significant effects (p < 0.01) for genotype, environment, and GE interaction. The environment was the main source of variation and accounted for 83.5% of the total yield variation, followed by GE (6.5%) and genotype (1.0%) effects. The AMMI biplot analysis indicated the genotypes G3, G23, G22, G10, and G19 as high yielding with stability performance across environments. Genotypes G14, G13, G20, and G9 showed large positive interaction with the environments featuring the highest rainfall during growing season, while genotypes G7, G6, and G21 had a large positive interaction with environments with low rainfall. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the AMMI stability value, Shukla’s stability variance (σ2i), Wricke’s ecovalence (W2i), coefficient of determination (R2i), variance in regression deviations (S2di), and nonparametric statistic of S2(i) were not correlated with mean yield in tested genotypes, showing they are related to static/biological concept of stability. In contrast, the genotypic superiority index (Pi) and regression coefficient (bi) were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with mean yield and corresponded to dynamic/agronomic concept of stability. These findings suggest that selection of genotypes should be considered based on selection objectives of using the various stability parameters described here. In conclusion, the selected genotypes in this study should be recommended as new cultivars or parental lines for grain yield and stability improvement under rainfed conditions of Iran or similar agro-ecologies.
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Ahmed, Muhammad Shahzad, Abid Majeed, Kotb A. Attia, et al. "Country-wide, multi-location trials of Green Super Rice lines for yield performance and stability analysis using genetic and stability parameters." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55510-x.
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AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important member of the family Poaceae and more than half of world population depend for their dietary nutrition on rice. Rice cultivars with higher yield, resilience to stress and wider adaptability are essential to ensure production stability and food security. The fundamental objective of this study was to identify higher-yielding rice genotypes with stable performance and wider adaptability in a rice growing areas of Pakistan. A triplicate RCBD design experiment with 20 Green Super Rice (GSR) advanced lines was conducted at 12 rice growing ecologies in four Provinces of Pakistan. Grain yield stability performance was assessed by using different univariate and multivariate statistics. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, locations, and G x E interaction for mean squares (p < 0.05) of major yield contributing traits. All the studied traits except for number of tillers per plant revealed higher genotypic variance than environmental variance. Broad sense heritability was estimated in the range of 44.36% to 98.60%. Based on ASV, ASI, bi, Wi2, σ2i and WAAS statistics, the genotypes G1, G4, G5, G8, G11 and G12 revealed lowest values for parametric statistics and considered more stable genotypes based on paddy yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model revealed significant variation (p < 0.05) for genotypes, non-signification for environment and highly significant for G × E interaction. The variation proportion of PC1 and PC2 from interaction revealed 67.2% variability for paddy yield. Based on ‘mean verses stability analysis of GGE biplot’, ‘Which-won-where’ GGE Biplot, ‘discriminativeness vs. representativeness’ pattern of stability, ‘IPCA and WAASB/GY’ ratio-based stability Heat-map, and ranking of genotypes, the genotypes G1, G2, G3, G5, G8, G10, G11 and G13 were observed ideal genotypes with yield potential more than 8 tons ha−1. Discriminativeness vs. representativeness’ pattern of stability identifies two environments, E5 (D.I Khan, KPK) and E6 (Usta Muhammad, Baluchistan) were best suited for evaluating genotypic yield performance. Based on these findings we have concluded that the genotypes G1, G2, G3, G5, G8, G10, G11 and G13 could be included in the commercial varietal development process and future breeding program.
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Abd-El-Aty, Mohamed S., Mahmoud I. Abo-Youssef, Mohamed M. Bahgt, et al. "Mode of gene action and heterosis for physiological, biochemical, and agronomic traits in some diverse rice genotypes under normal and drought conditions." Frontiers in Plant Science 14 (March 31, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1108977.
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Water scarcity is a crucial environmental stress that constrains rice growth and production. Thus, breeding for developing high-yielding and drought-tolerant rice genotypes is decisive in sustaining rice production and ensuring global food security, particularly under stress conditions. To this end, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water deficit on 31 genotypes of rice (seven lines, viz., Puebla, Hispagran, IET1444, WAB1573, Giza177, Sakha101, and Sakha105, and three testers, viz., Sakha106, Sakha107, and Sakha108) and their 21 crosses produced by line × tester mating design under normal and water deficit conditions; this was to estimate the combining ability, heterosis, and gene action for some traits of physiological, biochemical, and yield components. This study was performed during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018. The results showed that water deficit significantly decreased relative water content, total chlorophyll content, grain yield, and several yield attributes. However, osmolyte (proline) content and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX) were significantly increased compared with the control condition. Significant mean squares were recorded for the genotypes and their partitions under control and stress conditions, except for total chlorophyll under normal irrigation. Significant differences were also detected among the lines, testers, and line × tester for all the studied traits under both irrigation conditions. The value of the σ²GCA variance was less than the value of the σ²SCA variance for all the studied traits. In addition, the dominance genetic variance (σ2D) was greater than the additive genetic variance (σ2A) in controlling the inheritance of all the studied traits under both irrigation conditions; this reveals that the non-additive gene effects played a significant role in the genetic expression of the studied traits. The two parental genotypes (Puebla and Hispagran) were identified as good combiners for most physiological and biochemical traits, earliness, shortness, grain yield, and 1,000-grains weight traits. Additionally, the cross combinations Puebla × Sakha107, Hispagran × Sakha108, and Giza177 × Sakha107 were the most promising. These results demonstrated the substantial and desirable specific combining ability effects on all the studied traits, which suggested that it could be considered for use in rice hybrid breeding programs.
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Feldmann, Mitchell J., Hans-Peter Piepho, and Steven J. Knapp. "Average semivariance directly yields accurate estimates of the genomic variance in complex trait analyses." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, April 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac080.
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Abstract Many important traits in plants, animals, and microbes are polygenic and challenging to improve through traditional marker–assisted selection. Genomic prediction addresses this by incorporating all genetic data in a mixed model framework. The primary method for predicting breeding values is genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), which uses the realized genomic relationship or kinship matrix (K) to connect genotype to phenotype. Genomic relationship matrices share information among entries to estimate the observed entries’ genetic values and predict unobserved entries’ genetic values One of the main parameters of such models is genomic variance (σg2), or the variance of a trait associated with a genome-wide sample of DNA polymorphisms, and genomic heritability (hg2); however, the seminal papers introducing different forms of K often do not discuss their effects on the model estimated variance components despite their importance in genetic research and breeding. Here we discuss the effect of several standard methods for calculating the genomic relationship matrix on estimates of σg2 and hg2. With current approaches, we found that the genomic variance tends to be either overestimated or underestimated depending on the scaling and centering applied to the marker matrix (Z), the value of the average diagonal element of K, and the assortment of alleles and heterozygosity (H) in the observed population. Using the average semivariance, we propose a new matrix, KASV, that directly yields accurate estimates of σg2 and hg2 in the observed population and produces BLUPs equivalent to routine methods in plants and animals.
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AMİRİ OGHAN, Hassan, Behnam BAKHSHİ, Valiollah RAMEEH, Abolfazl FARAJİ, Abdolhossein ASKARİ, and Hamid Reza FANAEİ. "The Efficiency Of Stability Analysis To Identify High-Yielding And Stable Oilseed Rape Genotypes ." Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, November 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1055496.
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One of the complex issue in the way of releasing new high-yielding and stable oilseed rape cultivars is genotype by environment interaction (GEI) which reduce selection efficiency. In the current study, parametric and non-parametric statistics as well as the AMMI model have been compared to identify the best stability models to clarify GEI complexity. The experiment has been conducted in the warm regions of Iran including; Gorgan, Sari, Zabol, and Hajiabad during two cropping seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) for 16 genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The AMMI analysis of variance on grain yield showed the significant effects of genotype, environment, and the interaction effects of GEI on yield. Based on the AMMI ANOVA, the major contribution of GEI was captured by the first and second interaction principal component axes (IPCA1 and IPCA2) which explained 34.29% and 29.81% of GEI sum of the square, respectively. Additionally, Different parametric and non-parametric stability methods including; bi, S2di, CVi, W2i, σ2i, Pi, Si(1), Si(2), Si(3), Si(6), Npi(1), Npi(2), Npi(3), Npi(4), KR and TOP have also investigated. Based on AMMI, parametric, and non-parametric stability statistics, genotypes G2 (SRL-95-7) and G9 (SRL-95-16) were selected as the stable and high-yielding genotypes. Likewise, Principal component analysis based on rank correlation matrix enabled us to distinguish high-yielding genotypes to stable (high-yielding genotypes in various environments) and unstable (high-yielding genotypes in low-yielding environments) ones. Furthermore, a significant Spearman correlation was observed between yield mean and GSI, Pi, Si(3), Si(6), Npi(3), Npi(4), and KR. Therefore, different efficient strategies were identified in this study and since we looked up high-yielding and stable genotypes, G2 (SRL-95-7) and G9 (SRL-95-16) were finally selected.