Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Genre ou rapports sociaux de sexe'
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Nadal, Marie-José. "Les femmes Mayas et le développement, genre, rapports sociaux, rapports de sexe au Yucatan, Mexique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26706.pdf.
Full textAssane, Igodoe Aissata. "Scolarisation des filles et genre : influence des rapports sociaux de sexe sur la scolarisation des filles au Niger." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB111.
Full textOur study analyzes the influence of gender relations on the primary schooling of girls in Niger, based on a qualitative survey conducted in a rural region and an urban region of Niger among public policy actors, teachers and parents. In 2015-2016, the gross primary enrollment rate was 82.1% for boys and 70.2% for girls. This gap in schooling between girls and boys varies depending on the region and between urban and rural environments. In this context, public policy actors try to promote girls' schooling through two main institutional measures: the implementation of focal points SCOFI (Girls' Schooling) in primary school inspectorates and the creation of the Mother Educators Associations (AME). Actions to support school demand (scholarships, awareness raising, literacy, tutoring classes, etc.) are also carried out, mainly by development partners. Our surveys reveal that parents' adherence to girls' schooling is partly based on their representations of the influence of education on the social roles of mothers and wives that they want their daughters to assume in priority. In the city, parents approve of girls' schooling because it allows their economic insertion and will, among other things, promote the financial participation of girls in their future home. Girls' instruction is thus perceived, especially by men, as an advantage to the role of mother and wife. On the other hand, in the villages, some of the parents interviewed rejected girls' schooling because they feared the subversive effects of school on the values they want their daughters to acquire. In school as well, girls' education is regarded from a gender's perspective since the representations of the social relationships of sex and the attitudes of both male and female teachers, while favorable to the schooling of girls, are close to those of the parents. This research also highlights the role of women in girls' schooling, especially mothers and female teachers. Mothers, the main actors in the education of girls, play a leading role in their schooling (influence in the decision-making to send a girl to school, unequal distribution of family activities). Women teachers, as for them, are requested by the public policies to be a representation of girl's schooling in rural areas where the populations are reluctant to the schooling of girls. However, young, often single, rural female teachers are subject to contradictory injunctions from the administration which asks them to promote their profession as educated women, while also asking them to adopt an attitude in line with that of the women of the environment where they are sent, by showing restrain and discretion. In addition, female teachers are sometimes rejected by the population's for whom they embody the educated woman, and consequently a model of femininity different than the one that some parents want for their daughters. Girls' schooling is not only part of a relationship between women, but also part of social and power relations between men and women. We note then that the role of women in girls' education and in the reproduction of social gender roles is socially and sexually constructed, since it is an expectation shared by men
Charon, Mylene. "Blak Feminism : Rapports sociaux de sexe et de race dans la poésie et l’art contemporains des Premières Nations d’Australie." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1064.
Full textPostcolonial studies address the situation of women in the colonies and of Indigenous peoples in settler colonies, but often as a secondary concern. Adopting an opposite approach, this thesis centers on this very question by examining the contemporary literature written by First Nations women of Australia, a social group whose experience of sexism is simultaneously shaped by that of racism. Drawing out intertextual links throughout a large body of works comprised of over thirty artists and writers, this dissertation affirms the existence of a collective feminist standpoint qualified as blak, an appellation which appeared with the Indigenous self-presentation of the 1990s and still prevails in Australia today. The collection of works reveals the ways in which multiple oppressions are represented through additive, intersectional or consubstantial models. Its examination aims at improving the understanding of Indigenous women’s reservations about a specific kind of white feminism, by putting them in dialogue with the criticisms addressed by Anglo-American black feminists toward hegemonic feminism since the 1980s. The relations between politics and literature are thus reexamined through the analysis of resistance to both imperialism and patriarchy, as it is expressed through alternative channels such as contemporary art and poetry. The texts, selected for their formal features of direct address and their intersubjective dimension, spark a reflection upon the positions of object and subject in research, which begins with the acknowledgment of the researcher’s own situation and its consequences on the production of knowledges
Penin, Nicolas. "Le goût du risque : modes d'engagement et rapports sociaux de sexe dans les pratiques sportives à risque." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA113001.
Full textExtreme sports are full of paradoxes. First of all, because they seem to be in contradiction with social preoccupation for security in western societies. Secondly, they show an imbalence between what people can win and what they can loose. In these sports, life is engaged. "Reason" has difficulty to give intelligibility to theses practices. Involvement in extreme sports is even more surprising, when it concerns women. Even less than men, they chose to practive these sports that are quite exclusively masculine. And even when men and women choose the same discipline, their paths are quite differents. The way they practice are not more similars. Particularly, risk taking is generaly different between men and women. And risk not only differentiates men's and women's manners, it also produces a gender hierarchy. That's why we can say that risk shapes the relations between men and women. Attached to masculinity, risk takes part to "males's production" and contributes to build male's domination. But this domination is neither total, nor natural, nor unchanging. It's a social construction, produced by the meeting of two antagonistic groups. Consequently resistances exist and participate to the definition of gender
Dahache, Sabrina. "La féminisation des établissements de l'enseignement agricole : un cas révélateur de la dynamique des rapports sociaux de sexe dans le monde rural." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20012.
Full textFrom a perspective that draws on theories from educational sociology, rural sociology and studies of gender-related patterns, this thesis attempts to study the factors underlying and driving the feminisation of vocational training in the context of agricultural education. Using a methodology that combines a statistical analysis of the phenomenon, participant observations and semi-directive interviews, it identifies the forms of “gender regime” and “gender order” at work in the rural and agricultural world. Apart from segregated training schemes, feminisation is also seen to have a structuring effect. A sociological analysis of “social experiences of gender” by girls and boys highlights the mechanisms by which gender-related patterns are reproduced, together with their dynamics
Karimi, Fatemeh. "Les rapports sociaux de sexe dans les forces politiques kurdes en Iran entre 1979 et 1991 : le Komala." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0117.
Full textThis thesis analyses gender relations within Komala, the left-wing Kurdish organization that was emerged on the Iranian political scene after the 1979 Revolution. In order to make visible the events peculiar to this historical period, ignored and forgotten both by researchers as well as political and social movements in Iran, the thesis examines gender inequalities within the organization, focusing on women’s political participations and engament. To do so, the thesis draws on the political experiences and life stories of ex-Peshmerga (fighters in Kurdish) gathered through numerous interviews.Analyzing the trajectories of militant Kurdish women in the organization, carried out with the help of gender and feminist studies, makes it possible to observe the inter-articulations and reconfigurations of the sexual division of reproductive labor, the sexual division of revolutionary labor, and sexist representations.According to the results of this thesis, the sexual divisions of labor are reconfigured within the organization through unequal and asymmetrical relations between men and women. Whereas Kurdish women were socially confined to the domestic space until the 1979 Revolution, they played a new and active role as Peshmerga in the political sphere which, nonetheless, was not easily accessible to and feasible for them. To enter political life, in particular armed struggle, women had to encounter various obstacles, including masculinity and the difficulties involved in the creation of ‘non-mixed’ spaces. Although the organization has considered itself ‘revolutionary’ and ‘avant-garde’ on gender norms, and despite women’s efforts to modify those norms, Komala remains structured by the sexual division of labor in the context of armed struggle
Tyszler, Elsa. "Derrière les barrières de Ceuta & Melilla : rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et colonialité du contrôle migratoire à la frontière maroco-espagnole." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080044.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the migration control implemented at the Moroccan-Spanish border and its effects on the targeted persons. Highlighting the processes of “minoritisation” of Central and West African nationals who are candidates for Europe, this study, based on a multi-site ethnography conducted at local and micro-local levels, leads us to think about the social relations of gender and race at stake in existing migration regimes. It attempts to denaturalize the figures of the female and male “sub-Saharan migrant” to reveal the processes behind these racialized and gendered categories, anchored in a context of externalisation of European borders, and permanent negotiations between the EU, its Member States (here Spain) and their African allies (here Morocco) for the fight against so-called illegal immigration. It also tries to decipher and put into theoretical perspective the systemic violence that governs this militarized border situation, as well as the humanitarian actions and resistance that take place there. It then leads to the following question: how can we understand the tacit institutionalization of the use of deadly violence against those labelled as “Sub-Saharans” on the Moroccan-Spanish border? To answer, we must look at each side of the border, but also consider it as a whole; grasp the sexual division of labour in controlling mobility; compare the points of view of controllers and controlled persons and understand the past crystallized in the present: think about the coloniality of Spanish and European migration policies
Vignon, Sophie. "Les femmes dans les manades en Camargue : "faire comme un homme " et "garder sa féminité"." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080055.
Full textThis research focuses on the presence of manadières and gardianes – female herders of semi-feral horses and cattle – in the male world of the Camargue delta, where the Rhone River drains into the Mediterranean Sea. The idea is to understand how these women become herders; in what conditions, in terms of gender norms, they join an essentially man’s world. The study is based on participant-observer periods and interviews with 35 female and 10 male herders. Female herders first appeared on the scene in the 80’s. They tend to enter the profession in one of two ways: ether inheriting the mantle from their fathers, or being converted to it by a significant other or through involvement in a male sport or activity. The father-daughter relationship is a privileged one; the girls are often tomboys; the sons their fathers never had. As children, these women are socialized atypically, participating almost exclusively in “male” activities (games and sports). They prefer the company of boys and look down on a certain kind of femininity, although some of them do have female friends. The different channels of socialization lead to different situations. Few female herders are found in what are seen as the most strenuous, or masculine, roles. To hold their own in the manades, the women have to adapt male codes and prove that they have character. They become more masculine, and view a category of women described as fragile and dangerous as inferior. Yet the manade women don’t want to lose their femininity; they care about flaunting it. Feminine and masculine are unstable categories. There is no consensus as to what defines being masculine for either women or men
Galerand, Elsa. "Les rapports sociaux de sexe et leur (dé)matérialisation : retour sur le corpus revendicatif de la marche mondiale des femmes de 2000." Thèse, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2456/1/D1831.pdf.
Full textMarneur, Victor. "Rapports sociaux de sexe et pouvoir municipal dans les espaces ruraux : le cas des ₀ petites ε communes de Gironde au tournant des réformes paritaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0251/document.
Full textThe reform for equal representation of men and women started in 2000s has been consolidated in 2013 by lowering the threshold for an implementation in towns of more than 1’000 inhabitants. The study of political recruitment and political careers of local elected politicians in rural area from 1970 to 2015 in Gironde allows us to understand the political activities of men and women in a context of gender parity which became binding. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this dissertation aims to connect the transformation of political recruitment in small towns with the changes of contemporary rural societies. It will thus contribute to the literature in both political sociology of rural societies and gender in politics
Ouabdelmoumen, Nadia. "Contractualisation des rapports sociaux : le volet linguistique du contrat d'accueil et d'intégration au prisme du genre." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20053/document.
Full textSince the adoption of the law on immigration and integration on July 24, 2006, any person applying for residency in France has the legal obligation to sign the Accommodation and Integration Contract (CAI). This contract notably subordinates the issuing or the renewal of a residence permit to the completion of language tests and/or trainings. In this context, a link is explicitly established politically between the necessity of this Foucaldian apparatus and the importance of the “equality between women and men” principle, presented as a fundamental base of the “French integration ideal”.In this thesis, a fieldwork-based account of the implementation of these “offered-required” linguistic trainings demonstrates how the French teaching-learning contract is the place of the incorporation and reactualization of the consubstantial gender and social “relations” (rapports sociaux).In this case of cultural and linguistic institutional prescription, the problematizations and interpretations of the gender and social re-actualization processes are articulated with an analysis of the contexts and principles that trigger the realization of the contractual apparatus : sexual equality, the construction of opposition in immigration (“chosen vs. suffered”), employment activation policies, autonomy, equality of chances, work, diversity, etc. This will take us to consider the contractualization of social “relations” (rapports sociaux)
Hourbette, Danièle. "Genre et usages des TIC. Une étude de cas dans une école d'ingénieur en agronomie." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633217.
Full textFeldman, Nehara. "Migrations de l'oppression : rapports sociaux de sexe et divisions du groupe des femmes au sein d'un segment de lignage originaire de la région de Kayes (Mali)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0091.
Full textThe thesis explores the nature and variety of forms that gender relations may take within a West African society that is characterized by significant geographical dispersion. The current study focuses on analyzing the dispersion-induced changes in intra-familial relations between men and women within a specific lineage segment. Though scattered over several territories, this lineage segment is concentrated mainly in three places: a village in the Kayes region of Mali, Mali's capital Bamako and the Paris region in France. The study starts by developing alternatives to the current androcentric analysis of this milieu and its social structure. In the second part, we investigate two questions concerning the management of the domestic unit. The first is about the exploitation of women within such units. The second concerns the possible connections between the women' s access to money and their reach for autonomy. Finally, we investigate the mechanisms used to oppress women, as well as strategies these women can and do use to resist this oppression. In summary, we reveal evidence for a complex interplay of intersecting power relations. The power relations between women and men within the lineage segment are crisscrossed by power relations between age-cohorts and those between members connected to the lineage by filiation and those by marriage. And added to this, we find hierarchies and power relations engendered by the localities with which the respective members are affiliated
Mulot, Stéphanie. ""Je suis la mère, je suis le père!" : l'énigme matrifocale. Relations familiales et rapports de sexe en Guadeloupe." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266923.
Full textPinard, Émilie. "«Construire son futur» : production de l'habitation et transformation des rapports de genre à Pikine, Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25529.
Full textCette thèse porte sur la production de l’habitation des quartiers informels et sur sa participation dans le processus d’autonomisation des femmes sénégalaises. Elle documente les acteurs, normes et pratiques impliqués dans la construction résidentielle, par l’étude des cas de dix-sept femmes propriétaires et de leur maison dans quatre quartiers de Pikine, en périphérie de Dakar. Supportée par un cadre théorique qui permet de concevoir l’habitation comme un processus dynamique et multidimensionnel, cette étude met en lumière les rapports sociaux développés autour de la mobilisation des ressources pour construire et de la transformation de la forme bâtie. L’approche méthodologique combine des entretiens narratifs avec les propriétaires sur des séquences de vie et l’histoire de leur maison, des relevés architecturaux, des entretiens avec des intervenants locaux et une enquête sur la population et les habitations des quartiers étudiés. Une attention particulière est portée aux moyens individuels et collectifs déployés par les femmes pour la production de leur habitation, afin d’en éclairer les possibilités et contraintes pour la transformation des rapports de genre et l’autonomisation. La thèse montre que les femmes doivent s’appuyer sur divers réseaux pour mobiliser les ressources pour construire, tout en s’assurant de sécuriser celles-ci pour protéger, à long terme, les possibilités qu’elles ont créées pour elle-même et leur famille et, par le fait même, négocier ou transformer les normes sociales qui les désavantagent. Dans ce processus, l’espace résidentiel devient pour les propriétaires un médium des rapports aux autres et peut contribuer au maintien ou à la perte de cet équilibre entre l’accès à de nouvelles ressources et la sécurisation des acquis. Cette étude remet ainsi en question les interprétations, à la base de nombreux écrits et politiques de logement, sur la nature spontanée des quartiers informels et sur les principaux objectifs associés à la construction dans ce contexte. Pour les femmes propriétaires, le processus de production en lui-même représente une voie vers de nouvelles possibilités sociales et économiques porteuses d’une plus grande sécurité et d’une autonomie; pour « construire son futur », transformer activement sa maison est donc souvent plus important que l’obtention d’un bâtiment fini.
This thesis examines informal housing production and its contribution to the empowerment of Senegalese women. It documents the everyday practices, norms and social relationships involved in the construction of houses “from below”, through a detailed analysis of women owners and their houses in four unplanned neighbourhoods of Pikine, in the periphery of Dakar. Considering housing as a dynamic and multidimensional process, this study sheds light on people’s interactions over resource transactions and space, while paying attention to negotiations and inequalities associated with these processes and their consequences for daily life in the city. It describes the strategies through which women owners produce their house and secure a place for themselves and their family in the urban agglomeration, and the spatial and social consequences of these processes. In-depth interviews and life stories with women owners and their families were conducted in combination with architectural surveys of their houses, interviews with key actors involved in land subdivision and housing production, and surveys on land transaction and housing conditions. The thesis shows that women need to draw on a wide range of networks to access resources and at the same time continually negotiate and protect the space of opportunity they have created for themselves; in doing so, they resist and transform social and spatial norms. These results question the usual interpretation according to which obtaining a finished house is the main objective of house construction: for women, the production process itself represents a path towards greater security, but also towards an array of new social and economic possibilities, that are often more significant than the (sometimes never reached) final result.
Cassimiro, Hugo Leonnardo. "Contribuição do marxismo original para se pensar as relações sociais de sexo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5776.
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La conception des relations sociales dans les années 1840 dans les oeuvres de Marx et Engels implique l'historicité de ces relations et l'inséparabilité de la production de nouveaux individus, la production de moyens de vie et la satisfaction des besoins qui en découlent; les relations sociales constituent des modes de vie, de production, de division du travail et des formes de propriété, d’état, de pouvoir ainsi que des représentations et idéologies ; la production, en tenant compte de la division sexuelle du travail avant la formation des sociétés de classes en tant que rustique, est peu développée, et donc non de façon naturelle, dans le sens d’anhistorique ; où les relations constituent des classes sociales par la position que les individus vont prendre dans celles-ci ; et la compréhension des sociétés humaines doit prendre en compte la formation de multiples relations sociales et historiques. A propos des rapports sociaux de sexe, ils sont constitués de la division sexuelle du travail, de la division du pouvoir et de la catégorisation sexuelle articulant des éléments matériels et idéaux. En ce sens, considérant le marxisme à travers sa propre méthode, il est clair qu'il est l'expression théorique du prolétariat révolutionnaire. Les interprétations des écrits de Marx et d'Engels, dans l’intention d'identifier ou de réfuter les possibilités de penser les rapports sociaux de sexe manquent souvent d'approfondissement dans le travail de ces auteurs et de précision sur l'être du marxiste. A ces fins, je vous présenterais le débat quant à ces possibilités; je définirais le concept de marxisme e des rapports sociaux de sexe avec lequel je travaille ; et, je démontrerais comment Marx et Engels considéraient les relations sociales dans les années 1840, ainsi que les implications de cette conception pour les rapports sociaux de sexe. Cette intention permet de poser la problématique quant aux possibilités de penser les rapports sociaux de sexe par le biais du marxisme ou en ayant ceci pour référence. L'intention est de démontrer la possibilité d’étudier les rapports sociaux de sexe avec pour contribution de la conception des relations sociales des auteurs de cette époque. La conception de leurs relations sociales couvre donc également les formations sociales précapitalistes. Cette décennie correspond au moment où s’est développée la théorie plus générale des auteurs. Les implications de la conception des relations sociales dans les écrits de Marx et d'Engels de la première étape du marxisme, années 1840, afin d’élaborer une théorie des rapports sociaux de sexe est le thème de ce travai
As implicações da concepção sobre as relações sociais nos escritos de Marx e Engels, o marxismo original, para uma teoria das relações sociais de sexo é a temática deste trabalho. A concepção sobre relações sociais deles abrange, então, também as formações sociais anteriores ao capitalismo. A intenção é de demonstrar a possibilidade de se pensar as relações sociais de sexo tendo por contribuição a concepção de relações sociais dos autores nesse período. Essa intenção surge da problemática quanto às possibilidades de se penar as relações sociais de sexo por meio do marxismo ou tendo este como referencial. Para tanto, apresento o debate quanto a essas possibilidades; defino a concepção de marxismo e de relações sociais de sexo com a qual trabalho; e, demonstro como Marx e Engels pensam as relações sociais na década de 1840, bem como as implicações dessa concepção para as relações sociais de sexo. As interpretações de Marx e Engels feitas na intenção de identificar ou refutar as possibilidades de se pensar as relações sociais de sexo carecem, muitas vezes, de aprofundamento na obra desses autores e de precisão quanto ao ser do marxismo. Nesse sentido, pensando o marxismo por meio de seu próprio método, fica claro que ele é expressão teórica do proletariado revolucionário. Quanto às relações sociais de sexo, elas compõem-se de divisão sexual do trabalho, divisão do poder e categorização sexual articulando elementos materiais e ideais. A concepção de relações sociais na década de 1840 em Marx e Engels implica na historicidade dessas relações e na inseparabilidade da produção de novos indivíduos, da produção de meios de vida e da satisfação das necessidades derivadas daí; em que elas constituem modos de vida, de produção, de divisão do trabalho e formas de propriedade, estado, poder, bem como representações e ideologias; em que a produção, na consideração da divisão sexual do trabalho anterior à formação das sociedades de classes como rústica, pouco desenvolvida, e não, portanto, natural no sentido de não histórica; em que as relações constituem classes sociais pela posição que os indivíduos têm de assumir nelas; e, em que a compreensão das sociedades humanas tem de levar em consideração a constituição de relações sociais múltiplas e históricas.
Sodjadan, Amévi. "Le genre et la question identitaire dans les crises et conflits en Afrique subsaharienne : cas du Togo et de la Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080059.
Full textThe power dynamics that govern the relationship between man and woman creates inequalities that are the non-effectiveness of the rights of women, the stereotypes often associated to women as well as violence against them. These significant inequalities in normal times or peace times, worsen during the sociopolitical crises and armed conflicts where gender based violence (GBV) is now established as a weapon of war to destroy the opponent, its identity and its people. The objective of this research is to address the impacts, issues of gender and identity during crises and conflicts as well as during peacebuilding processes. Using the socio-political life of Togo and Côte d'Ivoire as case studies, the research seeks to observe the situation of crisis and armed conflict in a country, the impact of belonging to an identity, and the worsening of gender inequality and addresses the consequences of the crises and the importance of women whose negligence contributes to the failure of peace processes, and finally aims at the inclusion of identity and gender as important considerations in peacebuilding process
Bencivenga, Rita. "Femmes et hommes face à l'ordinateur. Histoires du développement d'une relation positive." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858684.
Full textLe, Roch Christine. "Genre(s) et fonction(s) de direction : de nouvelles conjugaisons ? : l'exemple des directeurs de l'administration pénitentiaire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20034.
Full textThe management corps of prison administration, like public service management, is experiencing a remarkable process of feminization. Although numerous, female directors represent 45% of the managers and very qualified, they rarely hold high responsibility positions and are on the contrary over represented as middle managers. In this sense, prison authority directors are not an exception in public service administration or private sector management. Whether penitentiary service directors or integration and probation directors, their backgrounds are in accordance with the gender roles attributed to men and women. The later (women), primarily assigned to the family sphere, try to best conciliate career and private life whereas male managers following in the footsteps of their predecessors, perpetuate the three foundations of professional identity: authority, mobility, availability. In support of a comprehensive quantitative analysis and interviews conducted with 22 managers, we observe a glass of ceiling and gender distribution of jobs, resulting from organization brakes and gender representations for functions still considered as masculine. The various reforms experienced by the prison administration to modernize this institution, have nevertheless introduced changes in how to exercise the function and probably favored the feminization of the profession. However, these advances still appear too tenuous and recent to challenge the patterns of sexual division of labor unlock all access to equal opportunities for women. The persistence of stereotypes, reactivated by an essentialized mix, remains a major obstacle, especially as the feminization of the management profession causes concern and resistance, more or less visible
Boutron, Camille. "Genre et conflit armé : la trajectoire des femmes combattantes du conflit armé interne péruvien [1980-2000] et leur réintégration à la société civile comme éléments d'interprétation de la réconciliati." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030169.
Full textThis investigation analyzes the participation of women in Peruvian armed conflict between 1980 and 2000 as well as their reintegration to civil life. The gender perspective exceeds political and ideological divisions of actors who got confronted during conflict. It helps to show a new approach of armed violence phenomenon as well as topics of conflict resolution. This work demonstrates how the difficult reintegration of female ex combatants to civil society comes with a gender violence which can be interpreted as an extension of armed violence as well as a reflect of the power institutionalized in Peruvian society. This investigation leans on a long field work most of it realized in maximum security prison in Lima. It emphasizes the evolution of interdependence between private and public spheres, which control is identified as a stake for the renormalization of social gender relationships after an armed conflict
Bencivenga, Rita. "Femmes et hommes face à l’ordinateur : histoires du développement d’une relation positive." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100212/document.
Full textWhen we talk about adults using computers, inequalities between women and men very often emerge, and particular emphasis is placed on the negative relationship which women supposedly have with computers. Studies on ways of reducing these inequalities have often been based on information collected by IT professionals or expert users. This leaves out the majority of normal users (both women and men). Therefore we have very little information on people who, although they are not experts or professionals, appreciate computers and use one regularly and confidently. This thesis is aimed at this particular group of people. The main objective was to gather information on how women and men who are regular but non-professional users can form positive relationships with ICT computers. Twenty-five narrative interviews were conducted with this aim in mind. Based on a comparison between the sexes, the study explores potential inequalities between women/men and examines the potential role of gender, that is, a “hierarchical system of norms for each sex”. The results show that positive relationships are based on the same aspects for both women and men. The influence of gender depends on power games and on recognising situations which defy the imagination, in which men are much closer to technology than women
Garner, Steve. "Ethnicité, classe sociale et rapports sociaux de sexe en Guyana." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040259.
Full textEl, Khoury Paula. ""Je me responsabilise, donc je suis" : Récits et parcours des femmes entrepreneurs dans le Liban de l'après-guerre." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732515.
Full textCharron, Hélène. "Les formes de l'illégitimité intellectuelle : genre et sciences sociales françaises entre 1890 et 1940." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3209.
Full textIn this dissertation in historical sociology, I analyze gender relations and the construction of women’s intellectual legitimacy in the French social sciences between 1890 and 1940. To that end, I study the social positions, the intellectual productions, and the reception of women in the main social science periodicals leaning towards sociology and anthropology. The pivotal point of my demonstration is women’s university enrolment and graduation. The first part of my dissertation is about women lacking a university diploma that nevertheless played a role in the social sciences before 1914, mainly through participating in the reformist circle of influence or by being involved in feminine and feminist groups. The “legitimate feminine figures”, i.e. women whose works did not fuel any kind of controversy, are in the most heteronomous parts of the field of study, in which issues about the reformist practice prevail over issues about knowledge. On the other hand, the “figures of transgression”, i.e. women lacking a diploma but pretending to participate in social empirical and theoretical knowledge, provoke negative reactions that, in turn, relegate their heterodox feminist analyzes to the political field. After 1914 and until 1940, the amount of women and of feminine works in periodicals and French social science groups decreased, and women with a university diploma replaced those lacking one. The gender-differentiated processes of evaluation, which contributed to reformulate the antinomy between intellectual competence and femininity, adapted itself to the fact that women had access to university diploma. On the one hand, the majority of newly graduated women heads and is directed towards new social professions (mainly social work) and teaching. Both professions promote competences traditionally associated with women, and construct the latter’s professional identities as disjoint from intellectual, and mainly theoretical, activities. On the other hand, the only graduated women aspiring to stay within the field of the social sciences, and who succeeded before 1940 in gaining a relative recognition for their competence, pursued empirical research, accomplished their work in accredited institutions, took on problems and perspectives sanctioned by the expert community, and did not play the role of feminist activists.
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales
Barbier, Kathia. "Accessoires. L'invisibilisation des femmes dans les procédures pénales en matière de stupéfiants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV127/document.
Full textBased on a survey conducted among police officers and prosecutors about the penal treatment of women alleged authors of breaches of drug legislation (BDL), the thesis offers a reflection on the role of gender in the process of criminal law enforcement. By paying attention to the effect of litigants’ and penal actors’ gender (linked to the gendered social representations of their professional cultures), this work questions the role of gender in the selection process of “police’s customers” and in the construction process of the judicialized population, by making interact sociologies of penal institutions, quantification and of gender relations. The first part of the thesis shows that women are not much visible in cases of BDL, in a statistical point of view (secondary processing of the database “Etat 4001”, primary processing of data collected from Police specialized services) and in penal actors’ speeches. By deepening the analysis of the professionals’ representations about women and their delinquency, the second part reports a sexed contrast, professionally located, about the sources of women’s delinquency and of their degree of criminal responsibility : police officers (mainly men) tend to remove all responsibilities from women and contribute their invisibility ; on the contrary, prosecutors (mainly women) tend to stress women's responsibilities and wish to show their involvement in cases. The third part, about organizational and institutional factors, shows in which way police autonomy and the shrinking time-frame of the penal system strengthen and even coproduce women’s invisibility in delinquency. Finally, gender appears as a norm register working among others in the penal machine and participating in a sexually differentiated dynamic of putting in visibility on delinquency. Therefore, the thesis supports the hypothesis that a process of invisibilization of delinquent women in BDL exists and that this process excludes women from penal procedures and consequently from public statistics, contributing thereby to giving a gender (masculine) to delinquency and at the same time, to reproducing stereotyped distinctions between the feminine and the masculine
Poutrain, Véronique. "Analyse interactionnelle des rapports sociaux de sexe et des rapports de pouvoir dans les relations sado-masochistes." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0101.
Full textTrudel, Josée. "L'éducation à l'égalité des sexes dès la petite enfance au Québec : le genre dans les croyances de finissantes en Techniques d'éducation à l'enfance et dans le programme des services de garde éducatifs "Accueillir la petite enfance"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32525.
Full textRaibaud, Yves. "Une Géographie Socioculturelle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526660.
Full textMbodo, Olivier Mbenza. "Femmes, société et sacré, l'asymétrie des rapports sociaux de sexe et la relation femmes/sacré." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57825.pdf.
Full textDel, Re Alisa. "Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente : Etat et rapports sociaux de sexe." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080745.
Full textSome laws brought into force in france in the thirties were designed to establish guarantees regarding reproduction (social insurances, family allowances, 1936 laws, code de la famille). The state penetrated the daily life of the urban working class to ensure that reproduction followed a certain pattern. This system of control called for investment in women, a social subject wich became a political subject because of its historically determined link with reproduction
Lecarme, Mireille. "Marchandes à Dakar, négoce, négociation sociale et rapports sociaux de sexe en milieu urban précaire." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0030.
Full textA multidisciplinary approach allows one to demonstrate the many pressures bearing down on a group of women fishmongers. Urban precariousness, trade rules and social reproduction are all linked. The illegality of housing produces social tensions and fuels political pratonage. With the backdrop of economic crisis, trade could not start nor perputuate without the benefit of a social network. But the profits are absorbed by the (uncertain) continuation of the business and by social obligations : it makes the accumulation of capital difficult. Trapped between the necessity to procreate and to support their family, these women resort to using young girls and even girls (their own daughters, relatives) for their housework and trade. As in their mothers'days, they are inculcated with the values of hard working and submission. The marketplace is a space wherein economic and social sphere interlock : the verbal interactions express the connections between the act of pruchasing and the scaffolding structures of social life. Competition between the women fishmongers is tempered by the respect of social and religious guidelines. The role these women play in the survival of families and their bargaining experience have hardly transformed the social bonds between men and women, which are grounded upon an already set up system of male preeminence. However some of them succed in modifying them
Lelaurain, Solveig. "Violence conjugale et représentations sociales : vécu et légitimation au prisme des rapports sociaux de sexe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0420.
Full textSpiliotopoulou, Constantina. "Famille, communauté, nation : ethno-histoire des rapports sociaux de sexe dans le Zaghori en Epire (Grèce)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0155.
Full textIsaksson, Malin. "Adolescentes abandonnées : Je narrateur adolescent dans le roman français contemporain." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Moderna språk, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-341.
Full textParis, Nancy. "La pratique infirmière en milieu psycho-légal : vers une compréhension des rapports sociaux de genre." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37039.
Full textSchpun, Mônica Raisa. "Paulistanos & Paulistanas : rapports de genre à São Paulo dans les années vingt." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070049.
Full textThe mainly objectif of this thesis was to analyze the social relations between men and women in Sao Paulo (Brazil) during the years 1920-1929. That was a period of significant urban transformations, related to the rapid increase of the population. The violent process of urbanization touched gender relations in a very special way. The first part of the thesis lies on family relations, notably conjugal ones, and marriate strategies. There have been analyzed inequalities between spouses as well as those between young girls and their pretenders. And that in a historical moment when individualism and love are prazised by the most different voices in the local society. The second part of the thesis regards to the way women leave private space to get in the public city life. I discuss the normative discourses trying to keep women away from the public sphere, and the opening possibilities to a larger participation (charity, education, work and politics). The last part of the thesis is about physical presentation and corporal behaviour of men and women in the urban space. I try to explain how gendered codes are created to justifie different body representations and specific urban citizenship for men and women
Bélanger, Claire D. "Travail et rapports sociaux de sexe en semi-périphérie, le cas de l'Italie illustré par un village du Molise." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35568.pdf.
Full textAttané, Anne. "Cérémonies familiales et mutations des rapports sociaux de sexe, d'âge et de génération : Ouahigouya et sa région, Burkina Faso." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0143.
Full textMichel, Jean Nephetaly. "Les transformations des rôles sociaux de sexe chez les étudiants internationaux haïtiens vivant en couple au Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42099.
Full textLaprise, Sandie. "Les rapports amoureux chez quatre jeunes écrivains contemporains québécois et français à travers l'analyse du système de sexe/genre." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5668.
Full textJoseph, Rose-Myrlie. "L'articulation des rapports sociaux de sexe, de classe et de race dans la migration et le travail des femmes haïtiennes." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC016.
Full textMany rural Haitian women migrate to Port-au-Prince and become domestic workers. Their domestic service allows other women to invest in the non-domestic work and access to international migration as well. In France, these Haitian migrants become domestic workers in turn, which allows French women to invest in the non-domestic work. These phenomena demonstrate the existence of a global work and migration chain where gender, class, race and the North/South confrontations are articulated, in the neoliberal globalization. Some of these women tell their life story which expresses both the violence of social problems and their strategies to become subject. To think these "subjects" I propose to cross feminist research and clinical sociology on the theoretical, methodological and epistemological point of view
Leglise, Eva. "Des femmes dans la direction des clubs de judo : "plafond de verre" et rapports sociaux de sexe dans l'Espace Catalan Transfrontalier." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0036/document.
Full textFor the past few years, successive governments and national sports associations have developed a proactive policy as regards equality and parity in sports. What is the real impact of these schemes, actions and recommendations? Jointly carried out in the Pyrénées-Orientales (French region of Languedoc-Roussillon) and within the Autonomous Community of Gerone (Calalonia), our study concentrates on volunteer women’s access to positions of responsibility in local sports clubs. Using the results of a field study made in the Catalan cross-border area, this thesis provides a comprehensive assessment of the position and experience of women leaders in judo clubs. We consider that this comparison is relevant both on scientific and political levels since it allows to understand cultural continuities of gender relations in sports. Moreover, we will also consider the differences linked to the national background and to the consequences of public policies. From monographs of clubs chosen on both sides of the border, we will try and describe the positions and career paths of women managers, but also how their volunteer investment was sometimes held back. In this respect, not only we will compare how these women have reached their leading positions (career, family life, sport capital, clubs operation…) but also we will understand how they themselves consider their duties. Given a fierce competition strongly associated with the values of virility, how do women succeed in breaking the glass ceiling? Is it possible to distinguish between enabling factors or identical brakes, according to the country?Eventually, this thesis provides a combined analysis of gender social relations in sports clubs and a comparison to better understand the respective consequences of political and institutional contexts on the purpose of this study
Bryson, Christen. "The "All-American" Couple. Dating, Marriage and the Family during the long 1950s with a Foray into Boise, Idaho and Portland, Oregon." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA106.
Full textThis thesis hopes to contribute to the postwar socio-cultural historiography on the American couple. In putting the national narrative into a discussion with some of its oft taken for granted aspects—generation, age, location, the individual and the institution, and local and national cultures—, this work attempts to provide nuance to the categorical definitions that have come to characterize the 1950s and the 1960s as well as the pervasiveness of the national culture’s voice. Marriage, family, gender, sexuality, dating, sexual activity, and youth culture are the framework through which this study has tried to elucidate the standard embodied in the white, middle-class, heterosexual couple. In incorporating two cities in the northwest United States—Boise, Idaho and Portland, Oregon—into a discussion about the national narrative, this dissertation tries to widen their local histories and complexify national convention. Oral histories paired with documents from the local universities’ archives and yearbooks have allowed for this work to look at how “average” Americans’ experiences differed from and coincided with the national narrative in places that have received very little scholarly attention on this time and these themes. Census data, scientific studies, political documents and speeches substantiate the pervasiveness of the “All-American couple,” while educational films, etiquette books, and advice columns have helped this thesis explore the process through which the ideal came into being. This model experienced a heyday during the long 1950s. Dominant memory tells us that either it was the last beacon of familial tradition or the breaking point for change. This dissertation contends that the archetype was neither traditional nor the catalyst for change. Rather the white, heterosexual middle-class couple was a culmination of political, social, economic, and cultural factors that ultimately undermined the “traditional” couple because it failed to truly embody the ideals of the nation it was purported to represent. By the end of the long 1950s, this model had become the status quo, but the young people who were to carry it into the future had consciously and unconsciously began chipping away at its foundations
Ariey-Jouglard, Myriam. "Conditions de travail des jeunes serveuses dans le quartier touristique de Hô Chi Minh Ville: Une analyse des rapports sociaux de sexe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27001/27001.pdf.
Full textThis thesis describes the working conditions of young waitresses in Phạm Ngũ Lạo, a touristic neighbourhood in Hồ Chí Minh City, Việt Nam. Waitresses, without constituting a homogenous group, are often subjected to heavy workloads and low earnings, which can lead to an intensification of stress, fatigue, and illness. The working conditions affect their health and well-being. This thesis analyzes, with a feminist perspective, the unequal relations between waitresses and their male counterparts, their superiors, and their clients. Those relations, clearly shaped by deep class disparities, are complexified by the presence of a foreign clientele. Sexual harassment is omnipresent in some establishments. Waitresses, confronted with poverty and insecurity, risk being drawn into prostitution. In order to escape this trap and to improve their conditions, they develop various tactics and strategies with mitigated outcome. Keywords: waitress, restauration, poverty, gender, class and race relations, gender and development, touristic neighbourhood, tourism, sexual tourism, prostitution, sexual harassment, tactics and strategies.
Li, Shuang. "Employées domestiques dans la Chine actuelle : le service domestique au croisement des rapports sociaux de sexe et de la hiérarchie urbain / rural." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083100.
Full textThis study focuses on women domestic workers in contemporary China and is mainly based on a qualitative fieldwork in the cities of Qingdao and Shanghai. The analysis focuses on political and social change, spatial mobility, family status, work, professionalization and organization of the sector. The theoretical framework is that of sociology of social relations, women domestic workers being at the intersection of different kinds of social relations. As far as personal services are concerned, the thesis focuses on three figures which are particularly suited to a deepened reflection on care work: private care to hospital patients, care to seniors in retirement homes and care to the mother and infant in their first months. The analysis of these three figures has helped open up avenues for a China / West comparison on the conception and realization of care work. The second important axis of this thesis is the division between urban and migrant domestic workers. I argued that the urban / rural divide is indeed an important social relationship for Chinese society. I also showed that urban / rural relations subsumed class relations (the delegation of domestic labor from wealthy urban families to poor women is to be understood as a manifestation of the social division of labor), and it could also be regarded as the equivalent of a relation of racialization. As "people from outside", the migrants of rural origin are actually sentenced to a second class citizenship
Polesi, Hervé. "Les rapports sociaux de sexe comme déterminant de la santé des femmes au travail : le cas empirique du "care" aux personnes âgées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG021/document.
Full textWomen occupational health should be seen as a collective issue, determined by social relations of sex. The traditional medical view of women's bodies refers to an understanding of an ever-failing body, and this is an obstacle to the recognition of attacks on women's health related to work. The empirical field of elderly home care gives us the opportunity to observe the physical and psychological discomforts for health care workers. We can also take note of the diseases linked to this work hardness. All these facts confirm the hardness of health care worker job, visible even in the recognition data of health insurance. Read those results in terms of social relation of sex allows us to understand how the ignorance of this hardship brings a collective benefit. It also indicates how important it is to offer a vision of health away from the strictly biomedical point of view, masculine neutral built
Legouge, Patricia. "Démocratie sexuelle, sexualité et rapports sociaux : les représentations de la sexualité dans la presse." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069680.
Full textMagar-Braeuner, Joelle. "Enquête sur la microphysique du pouvoir à l'école : actualisation, imbrication des rapports de domination et modalités d’une pédagogie émancipatrice." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080146/document.
Full textSchools, spaces of multiple conflictualities, are fundamental locations of citizenship where domination relationships are created and recreated. This thesis explores the microphysics of power in the school sector in order to recognize its mechanisms. It is affiliated to the field of sociology concerning inequalities in school, but also to the field of feminist studies, given the few studies that enable considering the dynamics and the interweaving of social relations in education. This ethnographic research, led in four educational institutions in France and in Quebec, enables the identification of “Menu mechanisms” through which social relationships to sex, class and race build each other by mobilizing the tools of interactionism. The pedagogical relationship, leaned on the age relationship, is likely to simultaneously amplify or transform the dynamics of these relationships according to situations that always need to be contextualized in order to grasp their variations. The comparative perspective between both countries, but also betweenthe schools offers this opportunity.The learning process of dialogical conflicts as a condition of democracy, interlinked with the awareness of affectivity and emotions in the educational relation contribute to the modalities of an emancipatory pedagogy, whose conceptualization is achieved on the basis of empirical knowledge acquired through teacher's training
Bédard, Emmanuelle. "Rapports de genre, sexualité et comportements à risque des clients et autres partenaires sexuels des travailleuses du sexe de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22928/22928.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the study was to improve the understanding of the role of gender relations and sexuality on sexual behaviour at risk of HIV/AIDS among clients and other sexual partners of female sex workers (FSW) from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. To this end, two data collection techniques were used. First, 30 qualitative interviews were conducted among clients (24) and boyfriends (6) of FSW covering the context of gender relation, sexuality, prostitution and sexual behaviours. Participants’ discourse analysis highlighted the presence of social and sexual inequality between men and women, inequality which, in a context of socio-economic precariousness, provided an explanation to prostitution phenomena and risky sexual behaviour of participants. Second, 249 questionnaires were administered to clients of FSW. These were used to examine the link between male social and sexual norms (identified by the analysis of qualitative interviews), among other psychosocial factors, and their intention to use condom. Results showed that a majority of clients (77 %) had a high intention to use condom with FSW. Logistic regression analysis showed that the principal determinants of intention to use condom were role beliefs (OR=9,2, 95% CI : 3,7-22,7), self-efficacy (OR=3,9, 95%, IC : 1,9-8,0) and perception of control (OR=3,2, 95% IC : 1,3-8,0). Discriminant analysis was used to identify significant statements of role beliefs and self efficacy. Integration of qualitative and quantitative results highlighted a female and male vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in the prostitution milieu that was embedded into social and sexual gender norms. In particular, we found that the difficulty for some men to control their sexual desire can reduce their intention to use condom with FSW while they would have a more positive intention if the FSW require them to use one. Finally, we gave some suggestions to develop further research and intervention in this prostitution milieu.
Lemire, Pierre-Marc. "Sexe, genre et pouvoir les rapports hommes-femmes au prisme des scripts sexuels dans les représentations érotiques de la littérature québécoise contemporaine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5678.
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