Academic literature on the topic 'Gente de Arte (Association)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gente de Arte (Association)"
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Cunha, Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm. "Gente cuidando de gente: a arte do cuidar pelas ondas do rádio." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 53, no. 3 (September 2000): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71672000000300011.
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O enfermeiro como um profissional voltado para o cuidar, participa de maneira integral de ações voltadas para o educar em saúde. Dentro da linguagem falada, o rádio, pelo seu poder de penetração, assume papel de destaque na disseminação de informações, sendo importante para a transmissão de conhecimentos de saúde. Assim a Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Santo amaro - UNISA, iniciou a prestação de serviços à comunidade através da participação em programas na Rádio Universitária. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência na elaboração e apresentação destes programas. A atuação da Faculdade de Enfermagem na rádio teve seu início em 1996 quando iniciou o programa diário "Vida Saudável". Hoje, além deste, criamos o programa "Gente cuidando de Gente", com uma inserção semanal de quinze minutos, onde tem-se orientado sobre o cuidar. Pelos resultado positivos, a atividade foi transformada num Programa de Extensão Universitária com a participação de alunos e professores.
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Giraldo, Hna Deisy Beatriz, Yurany Catherine Pinchao, and Lina Fernanda Salazar. "El arte de emprender." Travesía Emprendedora 5, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31948/travesiaemprendedora.vol5-2.art12.
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En 1896, la idea del automóvil como medio de transporte causaba burlas, la gente no creía necesario progresar en este aspecto, sin embargo, cuando el primer automóvil, creado por Henry Ford, apareció las cosas cambiaron y transformó la vida de muchas personas, dejando un fuerte legado. Asimismo, Thomas Edison, quien inventó la bombilla, aportó enormemente a la sociedad y más aún, da una fuerte lección con respecto a ser perseverantes para alcanzar los objetivos.
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Santos, Luiz Carlos Soares dos, Telma Cristina Ribeiro Franco Freire, and Ana Valéria Marques Fortes Lustosa. "“A Gente Não Quer Só Comida, A Gente Quer Comida, Diversão E Arte! [...] A Gente Quer Inteiro E Não Pela Metade...”." Revista FSA 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/2015.12.2.7.
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Nzinga Ribeiro, Bruno. "“Vida preta importa quando a gente tá morta, não quando a gente tá viva”." Áskesis - Revista des discentes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da UFSCar 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46269/9120.568.
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O propósito deste artigo é discutir o universo político e criativo das relações em lugares organizados por e para pessoas LGBT negras e ou periféricas na cidade de São Paulo. Para isso, em um primeiro momento, discuto a emergência da cena preta LGBT de São Paulo a partir dos discursos em torno da relação entre arte e política sobre um conjunto de estéticas, lugares e sujeitos identificados como “geração tombamento”, e o enquadramento de uma cena de festas engajadas com redes, estética e códigos próprios. Num segundo momento trago algumas notas etnográficas do trabalho de campo realizado em um baile funk LGBT e periférico onde se produzem ambientes em que sujeitos negros LGBT podem se afirmar, desajar e se sentir desejados.
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Vásquez-Marín, Belkys, Saúl Salazar-Sequea, Oscar De La Rosa, Omar Verde, Alexis Marques-Urdaneta, and Lourdes Tibisay Vilanova-Fernández. "Asociación de polimorfismos del gen Leptina con calidad seminal en toros raza Carora." Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias XXXI, no. 4 (September 22, 2021): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-luz314.art4.
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La presencia de toros con características seminales deficientes ocasiona fallas considerables en la eficiencia reproductiva de las unidades de producción, debido a la disminución del número de vacas preñadas, siendo más marcado en sistemas bajo programas de inseminación artificial (IA). Los rasgos de calidad seminal (CS) pueden constituir un criterio importante para la selección de machos reproductores utilizados en IA. La identificación de marcadores moleculares asociados con CS en el toro, podría facilitar la selección para estos rasgos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación de los polimorfismos del gen Leptina, sobre la CS de toros de la raza Carora. Se evaluaron las variables volumen de eyaculado (VE), motilidad masal (MM), motilidad individual (MI) y concentración espermática (CE) de 43 toros reproductores Carora, organizados en 8 grupos de edad. Los polimorfismos nucleotídicos simples (SNP) del gen Leptina evaluados fueron: rs29004487 (SNP1), rs29004488 (SNP2), rs29004501 (SNP3) y rs29004508 (SNP4). Se utilizó un análisis de varianza mediante un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM). El factor genotipo contó con 10 niveles y el factor edad, 8 niveles. No se observó efecto del SNP1 sobre ninguna de las variables evaluadas, mientras que el SNP3 tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la CE. Los SNP2 y SNP4 presentaron un efecto altamente significativo sobre la MI y CE. Finalmente, las variables VE y MM no fueron afectadas por ninguno de los SNP estudiados. Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren marcadores potenciales para la valoración y selección genética de bovinos reproductores.
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Alcure, Adriana Schneider. ""Ninguém tem como falar da gente"." Sala Preta 19, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-3867.v19i2p210-221.
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Na cena contemporânea do teatro, a cidade tem estado bastante presente, seja como suporte sensível, temática, base dramatúrgica ou material de trabalho. As relações entre cidade e violência, por exemplo, têm perpassado o trabalho de grupos como o Nóis de Teatro, de Fortaleza, e o Coletivo Bonobando, do Rio de Janeiro. Os locais de moradia dos integrantes e os percursos que fazem na cidade, assim como suas experiências de vida, corporeidades, memórias e vivências, são decisivos para seus processos de criação e também para seus modos de produção. Ao colocar em evidência as especificidades e as urgências dessas produções, que historicamente estiveram excluídas dos nichos hegemônicos das artes, consideramos que essas cenas podem atualizar e ampliar os debates entre arte e política no Brasil.
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Jaramillo-Vázquez, Alejandra. "Desde la experiencia de la gente: participación cultural en la organización de arte Faro de Oriente en la Ciudad de México." Revista Culturales 7 (January 1, 2005): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22234/recu.20190701.e425.
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Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación etnográfica en la organización de arte Faro de Oriente. El objetivo es entender las distinciones entre política pública cultural y las prácticas ordinarias de la gente. Se realizó investigación etnográfica por 11 meses (2011-2012), incluyendo observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas e investigación de archivo. Este artículo argumenta que mientras se ha configurado la educación artística de forma instrumental, la investigación etnográfica muestra disyuntivas y negociaciones. Los motivos de los participantes para realizar prácticas artísticas y sus relaciones retan las expectativas institucionales de educación artística. Estos motivos emergen en un contexto de desigualdad en la Ciudad de México. Este artículo contribuye a entender las relaciones que emergen fuera de contextos institucionales y las razones de esto. Agrega conocimiento sobre cómo una política pública cultural se desarrolla en la práctica, priorizando el contexto sociocultural de la gente y sus relaciones en la organización de arte.
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Andrade, Francisca Rejane Bezerra, and Tereza Nair de Paula Pachêco. "“Cabelo ao Vento, Gente Jovem Reunida”." LICERE - Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer 19, no. 4 (January 17, 2017): 138–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/1981-3171.2016.1356.
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Este artigo analisa as formas de utilização e as estratégias de apropriação dos espaços e dos equipamentos públicos e privados de lazer na cidade de Fortaleza-CE na representação dos jovens que frequentam o Centro Dragão do Mar de Arte e Cultura - CDMAC. O lazer é entendido como produto da sociabilidade juvenil e expressa uma peculiar e reveladora forma de apropriação do espaço urbano e do agir coletivo. Aqui, o uso dos espaços e equipamentos públicos de lazer assume um viés em suma “negativo”, somado à sua pouca utilização/apropriação. Com isso, deve-se entender o lazer como experiência modificadora de valores e atitudes, de modo que essas vivências se distanciem do uso “negativo” do espaço público pelo jovem. Nesse ínterim, o CDMAC é um local plural que atrai e possibilita o encontro de “diferentes” jovens.
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Figueiredo, Valéria Maria Chaves de. "Gente em cena: fragmentos e memórias da dança em Goiás." ETD - Educação Temática Digital 8, no. 2 (December 3, 2008): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/etd.v8i2.670.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a dança como arte da memória e expressa em corpos que dançam. Reconstruímos danças populares de Goiás quase que “esquecidas”, presentes apenas na memória de antigos moradores da região de Santa Cruz, cidade do Estado de Goiás. Temos como foco a perspectiva da história oral, priorizando a utilização de fontes orais, bem como, o registro de imagens. A inter-relação com a comunidade manifesta-se como condição fundamental para se apreender os modos, as histórias, os movimentos, as dramaturgias que marcam estes cotidianos e sua arte. Estas danças resistem como fragmentos, na memória de antigos moradores e sem registros oficiais. Continuam vivas na tradição da oralidade, mais particularmente, na memória do corpo, já que não são mais dançadas. Foram danças aprendidas em festas rurais locais, realizadas nos salões das fazendas da região. Entre os mutirões e pagodes, estas danças e cantos tinham intuito de agregar, coletivizar experiências, ancorando-se nas trocas e nas relações afetivas, sociais e culturais. Ao longo dos anos foram proibidas e/ou desprezadas pela modernidade capitalista. A metodologia desenvolvida envolveu o registro pela escrita, pela imagem e pela experiência vivida, formando uma rede de significações. Nossa intenção foi olhar para o corpo como um texto múltiplo e constituído de história, memória, cultura e arte. São tiranias e poesias inscritas no cotidiano e na dança. É a presença de uma multiplicidade de diálogos e uma dança apresentada como campo de conhecimento polissêmico. Nosso referencial teórico dialoga com diversos autores, entre eles Portelli, Olga Von Simson, Walter Benjamin, entre outros.
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Ardila A., Jose Antonio. "Significado del arte en la educación." Paideia Surcolombiana, no. 1 (December 1, 1992): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25054/01240307.900.
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El niño al realizar un dibujo, construir un objeto, o al pintar algo, proporciona algo más que el simple dibujo, nos proporciona una parte de sí mismo: cómo piensa, cómo siente, cómo ve. ¿Tenemos en cuenta realmente en nuestro sistema educativo los valores humanos?
Nuestro actual sistema de educación, asigna mucha importancia al aprendizaje de la correcta información acerca de hechos. En gran medida, el aprobar o no un examen o un curso, pasar al próximo, o incluso permanecer en la escuela, dependen del dominio o de la memorización de ciertos fragmentos de información, que ya conoce el maestro. De esta manera, la función de la enseñanza parecería reducirse a formar gente capaz de coleccionar partes de información y repetirla a una señal dada.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gente de Arte (Association)"
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Santana, Gilmar. "Muita gente chegou para contar: classes populares nos filmes brasileiros dos anos 80." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278697.
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Orientador: Jose Mario Ortiz RamosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Várias produções cinematográficas do Brasil nos anos 80 abordam a vida das classes populares sob diferentes aspectos. Para essa análise foram selecionados aqueles filmes que enfocam grupos de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, geralmente moradores da periferia da metrópole, cujas histórias cotidianas levantam questões relativas a condições de vida, direitos e afetos. Este trabalho preocupa-se em discutir como foram. construídas as imagens desse "popular" considerando os múltiplos aspectos sociais das temáticas escolhidas pelos cineastas no decorrer da década. Os filmes que atendem a esses propósitos são: O Homem que Virou Suco, Eles Não Usam Black-tie, A Hora da Estrela, Anjos do Arrabalde, Romance da Empregada e Beijo 2348/72
Abstract: Not informed
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia
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Britos, Marlene Cristiane Gomes. "Arte e cultura popular na América Latina: o teatro político do MST (Brasil) e o teatro comunitário do Nuestra Gente (Colômbia)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-13112009-111405/.
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Esta pesquisa investiga duas experiências contemporâneas de teatro popular na América Latina: o teatro político desenvolvido pelo grupo Filhos da Mãe... Terra, formado por jovens militantes do MST, moradores do assentamento Carlos Lamarca, em Sarapuí, interior de São Paulo; e o Espantapájaros, coletivo teatral comunitário integrado por jovens que pertencem a Corporação Cultural Nuestra Gente, que atua no bairro de Santa Cruz (e áreas próximas), na periferia da cidade de Medellín, na Colômbia. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi compreender como dois grupos sociais distintos utilizam a linguagem teatral, buscando as aproximações entre o teatro político praticado pelos Sem Terra, com forte influência épica-brechtiana; e o teatro comunitário de cunho mais subjetivo desenvolvido pelos jovens colombianos. Além das similaridades, a investigação pretendeu também buscar as diferenças, com o intuito de promover o diálogo entre dois trabalhos que partem de uma mesma premissa: colocar o teatro a serviço do conhecimento e da transformação social. Neste percurso, foi fundamental o entendimento do contexto sociopolítico em que essas experiências se desenvolveram, já que as realidades de Brasil e Colômbia, em grande medida, forjaram o surgimento de organizações como o MST e o Nuestra Gente. A pesquisa pretende também fornecer sua modesta colaboração para desvelar a falta de conhecimento que assola as experiências artístico-sociais em curso na América Latina.This research investigates two contemporary experiences of popular theater in the Latin America: the political theater developed by the group Filhos da Mãe... Terra, founded by young militants of MST (Without Land Movement), residents of the camp Carlos Lamarca, in Sarapuí, Sao Paulos countryside; and the Espantapájaros, theatrical community formed by young people who belong to Cultural Corporation Nuestra Gente, which acts in the district of Santa Cruz (and surroundings), in the suburb of the city of Medellín, in Colombia. The main goal of this study was to understand how two different social groups use the theatrical language, looking for the approximations between the political theater practiced by Without Land Movement, with strong influence épica-brechtiana; and the subjective communitarian theater developed by the Colombian young people. Besides the similarities, the investigation intended also to look for the differences, with the intention of promoting the dialog between two works that start from the same premise: to put the theater to service of the knowledge and of the social transformation. In this way, the understanding of the social-political context where these experiences were developed was very important, since the reality of Brazil and Colombia, in a large extent, forged the foundation of organizations like MST and Nuestra Gente. The research intends to supply also a modest collaboration to reveal the lack of knowledge that devastates the social-artistic current experiences in the Latin America.
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Moreno, Gilberto Geribola. "\"Tudo que a gente faz na quebrada é política\": vida associativa nas bordas da cidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-09122014-111543/.
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Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a vida associativa nas periferias da cidade de São Paulo. Tem como problema de investigação as possíveis linhas de continuidade e ruptura nas formas de ação coletiva desenvolvidas por diferentes gerações. A pesquisa se realizou por meio de uma etnografia multi-localizada abordando cinco espaços associativos. Esse conjunto de espaços abrangeu grupos representativos das formas de vida associativa dos anos 1970/80 até manifestações mais recentes do associativismo popular. A etnografia apontou que os atores sociais caracterizam as diferentes formas da vida associativa como uma ação política. Seguindo essa perspectiva, foi possível constatar duas temporalidades políticas experimentadas pelos moradores das periferias: uma que se refere à política institucional e outra que diz respeito às ações realizadas no território. Detectaram-se diferentes dimensões do associativismo que perpassam o universo da política por um lado e, por outro, estão relacionadas à esfera da vida afetiva de seus membros. Ao acompanhar as ações de jovens militantes em um espaço marcado pela presença do crime, constatou-se que a vida associativa e a ação coletiva não sucumbiram às injunções do crime organizado sobre determinados espaços periféricos. Por fim, observou-se o acionamento da memória coletiva como um elemento de legitimação para a ação política de grupos juvenis de militantes. Observou-se que a política é uma categoria mobilizada pelos atores sociais segundo suas próprias representações do universo político, constituindo-se um elemento importante para a compreensão das configurações sociais e das dinâmicas associativas das periferias. Respondendo à pergunta inicial da pesquisa, evidenciou-se que há um conjunto de ações e práticas políticas desenvolvidas atualmente que estão em linha de continuidade com as ações realizadas em outros períodos da história da vida associativa na cidade de São Paulo. Por outro lado percebem-se, também, alguns elementos que estão em ruptura com as anteriores formas de ação coletiva. Conclui-se que no universo da política, tal como ele é compreendido pelos moradores e militantes das periferias, o desenvolvimento das ações orienta-se por meio de lógicas de diferenciação e integração que articulam elementos de continuidade com outros que expressam rupturas nas práticas associativas desenvolvidas nos diferentes espaços.This work is the result of a survey on associational life in the outskirts of São Paulo. Its focus is to research possible lines of continuity and rupture in the forms of collective action developed by different generations. The research was performed through a multi located ethnography addressing five associational spaces. This set of spaces comprehended groups that represent forms of associational life from the 70s and 80s to more recent expressions of popular association groups. The ethnography pointed out that social actors characterize the different forms of associational life as a political action. Following this perspective, there has been two political temporality experienced by residents of the outskirts: one, that refers to institutional policy and a second one concerning the actions held in the territory. Different dimensions of association have been detected permeating the universe of politics and, at the same time, relating to the affective sphere of its members lives. To monitor the actions of young militants in a space marked by the presence of crime, it was found that associational life and collective action did not succumb to the dictates of organized crime in certain outlying areas. Finally, we observed the activation of collective memory as a legitimation element for the political action carried out by militant youth groups. It was observed that politics is a category mobilized by social actors according to their own representations of the political universe, becoming an important tool for understanding social settings and the associational dynamics of the peripheries. Responding to the initial research question, it became evident that there is a set of actions and political practices that are currently developed in continuity with the actions taken in other periods of history of associational life in São Paulo. On the other hand, we also found elements that are disconnected from the previous forms of collective action. We concluded that in the universe of politics, as it is understood by local residents and activists of the peripheric areas, the development of actions is guided by differentiation and integration logics that articulate elements of continuity with other elements that express breaks in the associative practices developed in the different spaces.
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Ferreira, Paulo Nin. "“A gente tá fazendo um feitiço”: cultura de pares e experiência estética no ateliê de artes plásticas em contexto de educação infantil." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1589.
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This paper aims to reflect on the role of social interactions between children in the process of building artistic productions in playful and imaginative dynamics, understood as an integral part of the peer culture in settings of art studios in preschools. It seeks to understand the role of children’s peer interactions in the expression of their plastic languages, at the time children create them in a shared manner, assuming that socialization and children’s cultures are situated phenomena, i.e., they “happen” in social, historical, and culturally determined contexts. The research is based on the psychoethological perspective of Ana Maria Almeida Carvalho and Maria Isabel Pedrosa, on children’s sociology of William Corsaro and on concepts about the imagination of Tania Zittoun and FrédéricCerchia. My thesis is that the visual productions of children, understood as a constituent part of children’s culture, are urged constructions in social peer-to-peer interactions, as they propitiate signification processes riddled with imagination in a teaching space adequate to the needs of children, i.e., processes circumscribed by the notion that children are agents of their own development, creations, appropriations and cultural transmission. The interpretative field research, was conducted in a public municipal preschool of Maceió, Alagoas, with eleven 4- to 5-year-old children. One of the school classrooms, used as a reading and video room, was reorganized for the purpose of this research with the introduction of a space for an art studio, with furniture and materials needed for children’s production of drawings, collage, paintings, modeling, and construction. Twelve 45-minute long sessions were held in the format of art class, twice a week, between July and October 2016, where children worked in the shared production of visual objects, in two phases. The first, a familiarization phase of the art studio in which the group was divided into two subgroups, and a final phase, in which all children were brought together. In all sessions, children’s actions and conversations of were videotaped and the visual productions were photographed. After examining the sessions, a few episodes, whose narratives describe the actions, gestures, looks, facial expressions and words, were selected to be fully transcribed. These transcriptions were the basis for a microanalysis of the interactions between the various actors in the context of the art studio for children with their specific materials. The analysis showed that the meanings constructed by children are affected by space and materials’ specific arrangement, indicating the importance of the context for symbolic exchanges and for the construction of peer culture, inciting the imagination in sharing processes that constitute a visual peer culture.Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre o papel das interações sociais de crianças para o processo de construção de produções artísticas em dinâmicas lúdicas e imaginativas, compreendidas como parte integrante da cultura de pares, em ambiente de ateliê de artes plásticas em escola de Educação Infantil. Busca compreender o papel das interações de pares de crianças na expressão de suas linguagens plásticas, no momento em que as criam de forma compartilhada, partindo do princípio de que a socialização e as culturas infantis são fenômenos situados, isto é, "acontecem" em contextos sociais, históricos, culturalmente determinados. A pesquisa se apoia na perspectiva psicoetológica de Ana Maria Almeida Carvalho e Maria Isabel Pedrosa, na Sociologia da infância de Willian Corsaro e em conceitos sobre a imaginação de Tania Zittoun e Frédéric Cerchia. A tese aqui defendida é que as produções visuais de crianças, compreendidas como parte constitutiva da cultura infantil, são construções instadas em interações sociais de pares, uma vez que estas propiciam processos de significações eivados de imaginação, em espaço pedagógico adequado às exigências das crianças, ou seja, circunscritos pela concepção de que elas são agentes de seus desenvolvimentos, criações, apropriações e transmissões da cultura. A pesquisa de campo, de tipo interpretativo, foi realizada em uma escola de educação infantil da rede pública municipal de Maceió, Alagoas, com 11 crianças de 4 a 5 anos de idade. Uma das salas ambiente da escola, utilizada para leitura e vídeo, foi reorganizada para fins da pesquisa com a introdução de um espaço de ateliê de artes plásticas, com mobiliário e materiais necessários para a produção pelas crianças de trabalhos de desenho, colagem, pintura, modelagem e construção. Foram realizadas 12 sessões, no formato de oficina de artes plásticas, com duração de 45 minutos cada, duas vezes por semana, entre os meses de julho e outubro de 2016, onde as crianças atuaram na produção compartilhada de objetos visuais, em duas etapas. Uma etapa de apropriação do ateliê na qual o grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, e uma etapa final de estabilização, com todas as crianças. Em todas as sessões as ações e falas das crianças foram videogravadas e as produções visuais fotografadas. Após o exame das sessões, foram selecionados alguns episódios para serem transcritos na íntegra, cujas narrativas descrevem as ações, gestos, olhares, expressões faciais e falas. Estas transcrições serviram de base para uma microanálise das interações entre os diversos atores, no contexto de ateliê de artes plásticas para crianças com seus materiais específicos. A análise evidenciou que as significações construídas pelas crianças são afetadas pelas disposições concretas do espaço e dos materiais, indicando a importância do contexto para as trocas simbólicas e a construção da cultura de pares, incitando a imaginação em processos de compartilhamento que se configuram como uma cultura visual de pares.
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Lima, Fábio Rogério Batista [UNESP]. "O graffiti como patrimônio cultural material." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153543.
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Na atualidade vivencia-se o que Bauman (2001) conceituou de modernidade líquida, identificada como aquela em que as relações humanas e sociais são caracterizadas por não terem configuração de solidez ou como aquela em que não se conserva forma por muito tempo; prima-se pela mudança; vive-se das inconstâncias. A natureza desta liquidez é reconhecida por conta da leveza, da mutabilidade e da mobilidade das relações. A importância da preservação da memória artística para as futuras gerações também tem mudado. Com o grande avanço nas tecnologias de reprodução e exposição às massas, obras de arte se disseminam com a facilidade de circulação das imagens. Essas manifestações estão nos muros da cidade, locais esses que têm suas superfícies alteradas e apagadas diariamente. Diante disso, questiona-se como se dá o tratamento documental do graffiti como manifestação de arte efêmera? Em decorrência, como pressuposto da tese, aponta-se que o tratamento documental do graffiti, convertido em recurso digital, apresentará elementos para sua consolidação como patrimônio cultural material. Delimitou-se como objetivo propor como se dá o tratamento documental do graffiti, convertido em recurso imagético, considerando a ubiquidade, os aspectos da informação líquida e da ecologia da informação e as novas formas de disponibilizar o acesso. O estudo apresenta abordagem qualitativa, de natureza descritivoexploratória tendo como universo de pesquisa projetos de exposições digitais de arte urbana. omo resultado, verificou-se que o uso estratégico das tecnologias de informação e comunicação e a aplicação efetiva dos padrões de representação de obras de artes são fatores determinantes para garantia do armazenamento, recuperação e acesso ubíquo ao patrimônio cultural material. A proposta de representação documental de graffiti apresenta o padrão de estrutura de dados R ore - Resources Association Visual versão 4 0, por sua melhor adequação à descrição da manifestação de arte do tipo graffiti, por possibilitar a correlação entre obra, imagem e coleções Nesse sentido, foi possível elaborar uma proposta de aplicação contendo três novos elementos descritivos: "citação cultural", "citação espaço temporal" e "citação ideológica" como forma de trazer o contexto em que o graffiti foi criado e apresentar elementos que viabilize a efetivação do graffiti como patrimônio cultural material.
Nowadays we live what Bauman (2001) defined as liquid modernity, it is identified as human and social relationships that are caracterized by not having solid aspects in it or that one which doesn´t keep its format for too long; changes are constant and inconsistencies are lived. The nature of this liquidity is know by the lightness, mutability and mobility of relationships. The importance of artistic memories preservation has also changed. With the breakthrough in playback technologies and exposition techniques to majority of people has made works of art disseminate easily just like images. These manifastations are in the city walls, places that have their surfaces changed and erased daily. In view of this, one questions how the documentary treatment of graffiti as a manifestation of ephemeral art takes place? As a consequence of this thesis, it is pointed out that the documentary treatment of graffiti, converted into a digital resource, will present elements for its consolidation as material cultural patrimony. The purpose of this paper was to propose how the graffiti documentary treatment, converted into an imagery resource, considering the ubiquity, the aspects of net information and information ecology, and the new ways of making access available, were proposed. The study presents a qualitative approach, of a descriptive-exploratory nature having as research universe projects of digital exhibitions of urban art. As a result, it has been found that the strategic use of information and communication technologies and the effective application of the standards of representation of works of art are determining factors for guaranteeing storage, retrieval and ubiquitous access to material cultural heritage. The graffiti document representation proposal presents the VRA Core - Resources Association Visual Version 4.0 data structure standard, due to its better adaptation to the description of the graffiti - type art manifestation, as it allows the correlation between work, image and collections. In this sense, it was possible to elaborate an application proposal containing three new descriptive elements: "cultural citation", "citation space" and "ideological citation" as a way to bring the context in which graffiti was created and present elements that make feasible the graffiti as material cultural heritage.
Books on the topic "Gente de Arte (Association)"
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del, Puerto Rafael, Peralta María José, Brom Diego, and Gente de Arte (Association), eds. Gente de Arte: Producción de los '90. Asunción, Paraguay: Gente de Arte, 2002.
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(Association), Gente de Arte. Gente de Arte: Producción de los '90. Asunción, Paraguay: FONDEC, 2002.
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Donni, Giovanni. Cologne: Storia, arte e gente. Cologne [Brescia]: Comune di Cologne, 2004.
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Arango, Biblioteca Luis-Angel, ed. Interpretación: El arte de la gente. [Colombia]: Banco de la República, Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, 1999.
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Baroja, Ricardo. Gente del 98 ; Arte, cine y ametralladora. Madrid: Cátedra, 1989.
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Kormann, Edith. Blumenau: Arte, cultura e as histórias de sua gente, 1850-1985. Florianópolis, Santa Catarina: edicao da autora, 1994.
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Colección Arte Contemporáneo (Association : Spain), ed. Arte en España, 1918-1994, en la Colección Arte Contemporáneo. Madrid: Alianza, 1995.
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Primieri, Rolando. Duesanti: Storia, arte e tradizioni di un paese e della sua gente. Todi (PG) [i.e. Perugia, Italy]: Edizioni dell'Anthurium, 2006.
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Maxwell, Richard. Convencer a la gente contando historias: El nuevo arte de la persuasión. México, D.F: Editorial Planeta, 2010.
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Spain), Colección Arte Contemporáneo (Association :. Colección Arte Contemporáneo. Madrid: La Colección, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Gente de Arte (Association)"
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Dong, Hai-xiao, Zhao Li, Guang-hui Hu, Ya-ping Yuan, and Zhi-wu Zhang. "The genetic architecture and breeding towards cold tolerance in maize: review." In Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield, 282–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0016.
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Abstract This chapter reviews the global adaptation of maize, the effect of cold stress, existing cold-tolerant or cold-sensitive maize varieties or mutants, research on linkage analysis, and genome-wide association studies and gene expression profiling in maize cold response. In addition, the potential usage of genomic selection to accelerate the breeding process is explored. The objectives are to integrate knowledge for the benefit of geneticists to understand the genetic architecture of cold tolerance and for breeders to select 'hyper-tolerant' maize varieties adapted to broader and changeable environments.
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Nanni, Luca. "Computational Inference of DNA Folding Principles: From Data Management to Machine Learning." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 79–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85918-3_7.
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AbstractDNA is the molecular basis of life and would total about three meters if linearly untangled. To fit in the cell nucleus at the micrometer scale, DNA has, therefore, to fold itself into several layers of hierarchical structures, which are thought to be associated with functional compartmentalization of genomic features like genes and their regulatory elements. For this reason, understanding the mechanisms of genome folding is a major biological research problem. Studying chromatin conformation requires high computational resources and complex data analyses pipelines. In this chapter, we first present the PyGMQL software for interactive and scalable data exploration for genomic data. PyGMQL allows the user to inspect genomic datasets and design complex analysis pipelines. The software presents itself as a easy-to-use Python library and interacts seamlessly with other data analysis packages. We then use the software for the study of chromatin conformation data. We focus on the epigenetic determinants of Topologically Associating Domains (TADs), which are region of high self chromatin interaction. The results of this study highlight the existence of a “grammar of genome folding” which dictates the formation of TADs and boundaries, which is based on the CTCF insulator protein. Finally we focus on the relationship between chromatin conformation and gene expression, designing a graph representation learning model for the prediction of gene co-expression from gene topological features obtained from chromatin conformation data. We demonstrate a correlation between chromatin topology and co-expression, shedding a new light on this debated topic and providing a novel computational framework for the study of co-expression networks.
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Kooperberg, Charles, James Y. Dai, and Li Hsu. "Two-Stage Procedures for the Identification of Gene × Environment and Gene × Gene Interactions in Genome-Wide Association Studies." In Statistical Approaches to Gene X Environment Interactions for Complex Phenotypes. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034685.003.0002.
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Genome-wide association studies and next generation sequencing studies offer us an unprecedented opportunity to study the genetic etiology of diseases and other traits. Over the last few years, many replicated associations between SNPs and traits have been published. It is of particular interest to identify how genes may interact with environmental factors and other genes. In this chapter, we show that a two-stage approach, where in the first stage SNPs are screened for their potential to be involved in interactions, and interactions are then tested only among SNPs that pass the screening can greatly enhance power for detecting gene-environment and gene-gene interaction in large genetic studies compared to the tests without screening.
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Lopez-Isac, Elena, Anne Hinks, and Wendy Thomson. "Genetics of juvenile rheumatic diseases." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 325–457. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0043_update_004.
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Juvenile rheumatic diseases are heterogeneous, complex genetic diseases; to date only juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been extensively studied in terms of identifying genetic risk factors. The MHC region is a well-established risk factor but in the last few years candidate gene and large-scale genome-wide association studies have been utilized in the search for non-HLA risk factors. There are now 17 JIA susceptibility loci which reach the genome-wide significance threshold for association and a further 7 regions with evidence for association in more than one study. In addition, some subtype-specific associations are emerging. These risk loci now need to be investigated further using fine-mapping strategies and then appropriate functional studies to show how the variant alters the gene function. This knowledge will not only lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis for juvenile rheumatic diseases but may also aid in the classification of these heterogeneous diseases. It may identify new pathways for potential therapeutic targets and help in the prediction of disease outcome and response to treatment.
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Noor Ul Ayan, Hafiza, and Muhammad Tariq. "Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)." In Omics Technologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Gene Therapy: Medical Applications in Human Genetics, 60–78. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079517122010008.
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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are designed to find associations between genomic variants and a phenotype, usually a complex multifactorial disease. The idea for association studies in a large cohort was floated after linkage analysis, which proved extremely successful in the identification of causative genes for rare disorders, but it did not come up to expectations in the case of common complex disorders where causative alleles are less frequently aggregated in families. Ever since their advent in 2005, GWAS have transformed gene identification ventures in complex disease genetics over the past fifteen years, giving rise to several powerful associations for complex traits and disorders. Association studies are based on the “common disease common variant” hypothesis which assumes that genomic variation with low penetrance and high population frequency are involved in the causation of common complex disorders. Although GWAS, complemented with the downstream functional assessment of the variants, have been successful in identifying novel disease-causing genes and biological mechanisms, the field has also received intense criticism over the years, especially its failure in tracing the so-called ‘missing heritability’. Therefore, further functional studies are mandatory to precisely establish a link between risk alleles and a phenotype. This chapter broadly covers an introduction of GWAS, their successes and limitations, and various important factors affecting the design and results, followed by challenges in the post-GWAS era.
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Linghu, Bolan, Guohui Liu, and Yu Xia. "Using Functional Linkage Gene Networks to Study Human Diseases." In Handbook of Research on Computational and Systems Biology, 275–93. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-491-2.ch012.
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A major challenge in the post-genomic era is to understand the specific cellular functions of individual genes and how dysfunctions of these genes lead to different diseases. As an emerging area of systems biology, gene networks have been used to shed light on gene function and human disease. In this chapter, first the existence of functional association for genes working in a common biological process or implicated in a common disease is demonstrated. Next, approaches to construct the functional linkage gene network (FLN) based on genomic and proteomic data integration are reviewed. Finally, two FLN-based applications related to diseases are reviewed: prediction of new disease genes and therapeutic targets, and identification of disease-disease associations at the molecular level. Both of these applications bring new insights into the molecular mechanisms of diseases, and provide new opportunities for drug discovery.
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Martins, Karine Joulie. "“A gente quer ver nosso filme”: espaços de reconhecimento com cinema na escola." In Trajetórias inventivas de pesquisa em educação contemporânea: infância, comunicação, cultura e arte, 531–49. Pimenta Cultural, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31560/pimentacultural/2020.243.531-549.
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Feezell, Jessica T. "It's Not Only Rock and Roll." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 167–86. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1986-7.ch009.
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In today's multi-media environment, citizens receive more politically- and socially-charged messages than ever before. Yet our understanding of how media messages shape political attitudes is limited to a narrow set of sources, such as campaign ads and news coverage. Drawing on research in public opinion and political communication, this research examines a highly pervasive form of communication that often has overt political content, yet one that has been largely overlooked by scholars: music. Measured through an original survey (N = 888), findings show that music genre preferences are significant predictors of key political attitudes, even when controlling for other known influences such as demographic factors and partisanship. Additionally, findings show that the mechanism of influence is not through direct exposure to the content of the music (i.e., the lyrics), but rather through the listener's association with the genre and group-level norms.
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Paratore, Carlotta. "3 • Strategie del comico di parola e dell’uso ludico della lingua." In Tradurre l’umorismo, tradurre Jardiel Poncela Con traduzione integrale di Los ladrones somos gente honrada. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-679-4/003.
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Tra le strategie che Jardiel utilizza nel processo di creazione del suo teatro comico, sia a livello letterario, come un esercizio di stile, sia a livello scenico-descrittivo, si annovera la presenza della soggettività autoriale nelle didascalie. Secondo Abuín González (1994, 200), ciò rivelerebbe una incapacità «de contenerse», un «narcisimo literario» che spinge l’autore a fare uso delle «acotaciones como vehículo de expresión propia, como una ilustración más de su elevado arte humorístico y verbal». Questa tendenza si manifesta anche in Los ladrones somos gente honrada come ulteriore espressione della comicità e dell’ironia e sembra collegarsi, in particolare, alle caratteristiche di certi personaggi che si distinguono per le loro funzioni comiche.
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Quinayá Ocampo, Diana Patricia. "Poli(s)cromática. Variaciones sobre una ciudad de color." In CALIDOSCOPIO: Diversidad cultural y natural en Santiago de Cali, 19–47. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585583863.1.
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Caminar por la ciudad, es transitar por bloques de material inerte en crudos colores, negro asfalto y gris cemento que contrastan con los vivos colores que nos ponen en alerta: rojo para detenernos o amarillo para que tengamos precaución. Rojo y amarillo que nos invitan a levantar la mirada, a vivir y experimentar el sentimiento de vida común que caracteriza la ciudad. En esta masa en donde el espacio neutro se contrasta con el vivo color que le da vida y se convierte en lenguaje que relata su historia, su gente y sus sueños, surge la polis – cromática: un espacio urbano ricesignificado, que a través de la gráfica urbana y el arte público se transforma en territorio, para invitarnos a construir y vivir nuestra ciudad y ciudadanía dejando una huella de color con cada paso dado al caminar por ella.
Conference papers on the topic "Gente de Arte (Association)"
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Ainsa, Andrea, Pedro Marquina, José Antonio Beltrán, and Juan Calanche. "Pasta, un arte con mucha ciencia." In 3er Congreso Internacional sobre Patrimonio Alimentario y Museos. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/egem2021.2021.13365.
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La pasta es uno de los platos más populares del mundo hecho con trigo duro como lo muestra su historia y regulación. Su consumo se generalizó en el siglo XV, pero fue en el siglo XVI cuando se hizo una comida frecuente entre la gente de pocos recursos debido a su versatilidad y economía. Esto ha quedado registrado en libros, pinturas y carteles publicitarios de distintas épocas. La pasta como alimento es tan emblemática que se le dedicó en 1993 la fundación de un museo con sede en Roma, Italia. Su historia revela fusión y eclecticismo que ha promovido una progresión interesante desde el punto de vista de la creación culinaria, pero tambien desde una perspectiva tecnológica y gastronómica, al incrementar la composición y oferta existente. Desde el siglo XV hasta la actualidad la pasta ha pasado de ser un sustento básico a un alimento más complejos y selecto, pero aun así y gracias a su excelente aceptación sensorial nunca ha perdido su carácter popular, ni su asequibilidad. Por eso, frente a tan noble y reconocido alimento no queda sino tratar de enriquecerlo y continuar su legado incorporando otros ingredientes como pescado o algas, para seguir promoviendo su enriquecedora transculturación.
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R. Gonell, Laura. "La conexión de las obras con el espectador." In V Congreso Internacional de Investigacion en Artes Visuales ANIAV 2022. RE/DES Conectar. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav2022.2022.15257.
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La contemporaneidad es aquel estado por el cual una cosa te toca en el aquí y el ahora. Una obra de arte tiene muchas contemporaneidades, o mejor dicho el espectador puede verla contemporánea o no depende de su conexión con ella. El límite indistinguible de la contemporaneidad nos ha llevado a una desconexión del arte que llaman contemporáneo con la gente de a pie. Los museos se vacían, sólo van eruditos o los conocedores de las obras.En esta ponencia deseo llevar el debate de la función social del museo. El museo como agente responsable de llevar la cultura a la sociedad pero responsable también de dejar que esa sociedad modifique lo que se puede llamar cultura. ¿Han sido los agentes del mercado del arte los responsables de desconectar el arte de la sociedad en la que se encuentra?Hablaremos de la invisibilización del edificio del Espai d'Art Contemporani de Castelló para sus vecinos como un ejemplo de las consecuencias de un espacio contemporáneo sin contemporaneidad con su sociedad. De cómo un espacio físico no es reconocido como contenedor de experiencias culturales contemporáneas, sino desconectado de la contemporaneidad de los Castellonenses.Este ejemplo nos ayudará a llevar el debate de las responsabilidades en la producción de contemporaneidad de los artistas hacia los museos o instituciones artísticas que los albergan. El artista visual no tiene porqué estar conectado con la sociedad que le envuelve y tal vez tampoco sus obras, pero los museos, espacios físicos que ocupan un lugar dentro de una comunidad y sociedad y que no tienen en sus condiciones físicas el moverse, tienen la responsabilidad de saber qué sociedad le envuelve y hacerse contemporáneo a ella, sea la obra de por sí contemporánea o no.
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Baskaran, N., Chee Keong Kwoh, and M. Hui Kam. "Outcomes of gene association analysis of cancer microarray data are impacted by pre-processing algorithms." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2010.5706568.
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Ueno, Augusto Yoshiro, Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung, Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz, and Fernanda Barbisan. "Depression and psychological distress in elders are influenced by the antioxidant enzyme SOD2." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.003.
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Introduction: Depression and psychological stress have high prevalence and incidence rates, affecting the individual welfare and increasing the risks for non-infectious chronic diseases. Studies have shown relations between inflammation and oxidative stress. In genetics, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), inside the superoxide dismutase gene (Val16Ala-SOD2), is an important study subject to comprehend the risks of developing depression because its different genotypes can impact the balance between superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. The genotype VV favors the superoxide, the AA favors the peroxide and the AV generates similar amounts. Objectives: Evaluate the relation between oxidative unbalance, generated by Val16Ala-SOD2 SNP, and the rates of depression in elders. Methods: The study, approved by the ethics committee of UFSM, was a case-control analysis to examine the association between Val16Ala-SOD2 SNP, depression and stress in elders. Genetical analysis was made by polymerase chain reactions. The sample had 612 elders from Gravataí (RS). Depression was diagnosed using the geriatric depression scale- 15 and the stress by self perception. Statistical analysis was made by SSPS. Results: From the 612 elders (with similar ages and lifestyles), 115 were diagnosed with depression; the other 497 composed the control group. The analyses showed significantly higher frequency of the genotype VV in those who had depression, compared with the allele A. Conclusion: The results indicate strong association of the Val16Ala-SOD2 SNP, the risks of depression and psychological stress, probably due to the increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory state associated with the recessive genotype, VV.
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Elrayess, Mohamed, Fatima Al-Khelaifi, Noha Yousri, and Omar Al-Bagha. "Genome-Wide Association study Identifies a Novel Association Between a Cardiovascular Gene Polymorphism and Superior Athletic Performance." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0111.
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Research into the genetic predisposition to superior athletic performance has been a hindered by the underpowered studies and the small effect size of identified genetic variants. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with endurance athlete status in a large cohort of elite European athletes using GWAS approach, followed by replication studies in Russian and Japanese elite athletes and functional validation using metabolomics analysis. Results: The association of 476,728 SNPs of Illumina DrugCore Gene chip and endurance athlete status was investigated in 796 European international-level athletes (645 males, 151 females) by comparing allelic frequencies between athletes specialized in sports with high (n=662) and low/moderate (n=134) aerobic component. Validation of results was performed by comparing the frequencies of the most significant SNPs between 242 and 168 elite Russian high and low/moderate aerobic athletes, respectively, and between 60 elite Japanese endurance athletes and 406 controls. A meta-analysis has identified rs1052373 (GG homozygotes) in Myosin Binding Protein (MYBPC3; implicated in cardiac hypertrophic myopathy) gene to be associated with endurance athlete status (P=1.43E-08, odd ratio 2.2). Homozygotes carriers of rs1052373 G allele in Russian athletes had significantly greater VO2max than carriers of the AA+AG (P = 0.005). Subsequent metabolomics analysis revealed several amino acids and lipids associated with rs1052373 G allele (1.82x10-05) including the testosterone precursor androstenediol (3beta, 17beta) disulfate. Conclusion: This is the first report of genome-wide significant SNP and related metabolites associated with elite athlete status. Further investigations of the functional relevance of the identified SNPs and metabolites in relation to enhanced athletic performance are warranted.
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Prokopovich, A. K., O. N. Yaroslavtseva, and V. Y. Kryukov. "MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA AND METARHIZIUM OF THE UPPER OBRIA AND THEIR STATIONARY ASSOCIATION." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-74.
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Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium, Beauveria (199 Isolates) from different biocenoses of two climatic zones of the Novosibirsk Region (Western Siberia) was conducted using translation elongation factor gene (EF1a) sequence. Three species of Metarhizium and two species of Beauveria were identified: M. robertsii (54 isolates) M. brunneum (35 isolates) and M. pemphigum (2 isolates) B. bassiana (19 isolates) and B. pseudobassiana (9 isolates). Analisys of spatial distribution showed that M. robertsii preferred more xerophile habitats compared to M. brunneum. Moreover, genetic groups with different habitat association were revealed within M. robertsii. There are no differences in habitat association were registered for Beauveria species.
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Yarshevich, A. V., and P. M. Marozik. "ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATION OF VDR GENE VARIANTS WITH SERUM VITAMIN D LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH BONE-MUSCULAR DISEASE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-146-149.
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Currently, the pathology of the musculoskeletal system is considered in several multifactorial diseases, the pathogenesis of which is complex and is due to the interaction of environmental and endogenous factors. An important role in the progression of pathology is played by disorders in metabolism and a decrease in sensitivity to vitamin D. Studies of the past two decades have shown that the various biological actions of the active metabolite of vitamin D - 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (calcitriol) - are carried out by modulating the expression of genes that are mediated by interaction with the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR is a product of the corresponding gene - VDR, which determines its structure and functional activity. In this gene, a certain number of polymorphic variants have been identified that can affect gene expression.
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Sharma, Vineeta, Pallavi Singhal, Anoop Kumar, V. G. Ramachandran, Shukla Das, and Mausumi Bharadwaj. "Association of TNF-α–rs 281865419 polymorphism with reproductive tract infections in Indian population." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685357.
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Aim: To investigate the presence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in North India and association of SNPs in TNF? gene (rs-281865419 C/T) with susceptibility to these RTIs. Methods: We collected 100 symptomatic (cases) and 100 asymptomatic women (controls) samples and screened them for RTIs. Then genotyping of TNF-? gene was performed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Among cases the frequencies of RTIs infection is higher than control. The prevalence of HPV, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, Bacterial vaginosis and N. gonorrhoeae are 28% and 6%; 11%, 32% respectively while in controls it was 5%, 2%, 1% and 8% and 1%. In the present study we found that the frequency of wild homozygous genotype (TT) was lower in cases 30% (6/20) as compared to controls 60% (12/20). The frequency of the heterozygous polymorphic genotype (CT) was higher in cases 65% (65/100) as compared to controls 32% (32/100). It was interesting to note that the frequency of the polymorphic homozygous genotype (CC) was higher in cases 15% (15/100) than controls 2% (2/100). While the frequency of the carrier genotype (CT + TT) was found to be more in cases 70% (70/100) than in controls 40/100 (40%). This study shows that T allele may be risk factor for reproductive tract infections as its percentage is higher in cases as compare to normal controls. Conclusion: TNF-? rs-281865419 locus may serve as an important biomarker for RTIs predisposition in Indian population though larger sample size is needed to validate the findings.
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Sharma, Vineeta, Pallavi Singhal, Anoop Kumar, V. G. Ramachandran, Shukla Das, and Mausumi Bharadwaj. "Association of TNF-α rs-281865419 polymorphism with reproductive tract infections in Indian population." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685270.
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Aim: To investigate the presence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in North India and association of SNPs in TNFα gene (rs-281865419 C/T) with susceptibility to these RTIs. Methods: We collected 100 symptomatic (cases) and 100 asymptomatic women (controls) samples and screened them for RTIs. Then genotyping of TNF-α gene was performed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Among cases the frequencies of RTIs infection is higher than control. The prevalence of HPV, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, Bacterial vaginosis and N. gonorrhoeae are 28% & 6%; 11%, 32% respectively while in controls it was 5%, 2%, 1% and 8% & 1%. In the present study we found that the frequency of wild homozygous genotype (TT) was lower in cases 30% (6/20) as compared to controls 60% (12/20). The frequency of the heterozygous polymorphic genotype (CT) was higher in cases 65% (65/100) as compared to controls 32% (32/100). It was interesting to note that the frequency of the polymorphic homozygous genotype (CC) was higher in cases 15% (15/100) than controls 2% (2/100). While the frequency of the carrier genotype (CT + TT) was found to be more in cases 70% (70/100) than in controls 40/100 (40%). This study shows that T allele may be risk factor for Reproductive tract infections as its percentage is higher in cases as compare to normal controls. Conclusion: TNF-? rs-281865419 locus may serve as an important biomarker for RTIs predisposition in Indian population though larger sample size is needed to validate the findings.
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M, Saranya, Arockia Xavier Annie R, and Geetha T V. "Relation Extraction between Biomedical Entities from Literature using Semi- Supervised Learning Approach." In 10th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.112306.
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Now-a-days, people around the world are infected by many new diseases. The cost of developing or discovering a new drug for the newly discovered disease is very high and prolonged process. These could be eliminated with the help of already existing resources. To identify the candidates from the existing drugs, we need to extract the relation between the drug, target and disease by textming a large-scale literature. Recently, computational approaches which is used for identifying the relationships between the entities in biomedical domain are appearing as an active area of research for drug discovery as it needs more man power. Due to the limited computational approaches, the relation extraction between drug-gene and genedisease association from the unstructured biomedical documents is very hard. In this work, we proposed a semi-supervised approach named pattern based bootstrapping method to extract the direct relations between drug, gene and disease from the biomedical literature. These direct relationships are used to infer indirect relationships between entities such as drug and disease. Now these indirect relationships are used to determine the new candidates for drug repositioning which in turn will reduce the time and the patient’s risk.
Reports on the topic "Gente de Arte (Association)"
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Loebenstein, Gad, William Dawson, and Abed Gera. Association of the IVR Gene with Virus Localization and Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604922.bard.
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We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi. During the present grant we found that TMV production is enhanced in protoplasts and plants of local lesion responding tobacco cultivars exposed to 35oC, parallel to an almost complete suppression of the production of IVR. We also found that IVR is associated with resistance mechanisms in pepper cultivars. We succeeded to clone the IVR gene. In the first attempt we isolated a clone - "101" which had a specific insert of 372 bp (the full length gene for the IVR protein of 23 kD should be around 700 bp). However, attempts to isolate the full length gene did not give clear cut results, and we decided not to continue with this clone. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of IVR was determined and an antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids residues 1-20 of IVR. Using this antiserum as well as our polyclonal antiserum to IVR a new clone NC-330 was isolated using lamba-ZAP library. This NC-330 clone has an insert of about 1 kB with an open reading frame of 596 bp. This clone had 86.6% homology with the first 15 amino acids of the N-terminal part of IVR and 61.6% homology with the first 23 amino acids of IVR. In the QIA expression system and western blotting of the expressed protein, a clear band of about 21 kD was obtained with IVR antiserum. This clone was used for transformation of Samsun tobacco plants and we have presently plantlets which were rooted on medium containing kanamycin. Hybridization with this clone was also obtained with RNA from induced resistant tissue of Samsun NN but not with RNA from healthy control tissue of Samsun NN, or infected or healthy tissue of Samsun. This further strengthens the previous data that the NC 330 clone codes for IVR. In the U.S. it was shown that IVR is induced in plants containing the N' gene when infected with mutants of TMV that elicit the HR. This is a defined system in which the elicitor is known to be due to permutations of the coat protein which can vary in elicitor strength. The objective was to understand how IVR synthesis is induced after recognition of elicitor coat protein in the signal transduction pathway that leads to HR. We developed systems to manipulate induction of IVR by modifying the elicitor and are using these elicitor molecules to isolate the corresponding plant receptor molecules. A "far-western" procedure was developed that found a protein from N' plants that specifically bind to elicitor coat proteins. This protein is being purified and sequenced. This objective has not been completed and is still in progress. We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi.
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Seroussi, Eyal, and George Liu. Genome-Wide Association Study of Copy Number Variation and QTL for Economic Traits in Holstein Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7593397.bard.
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Copy number variation (CNV) has been recently identified in human and other mammalian genomes and increasing awareness that CNV might be a major source for heritable variation in complex traits has emerged. Despite this, little has been published on CNVs in Holsteins. In order to fill this knowledge-gap, we proposed a genome-wide association study between quantitative trait loci (QTL) for economic traits and CNV in the Holstein cattle. The approved feasibility study was aimed at the genome-wide characterization of CNVs in Holstein cattle and at the demonstrating of their possible association with economic traits by performing the activities of preparation of DNA samples, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), initial association study between CNVs and production traits and characterization of CNVSNP associations. For both countries, 40 genomic DNA samples of bulls representing the extreme sub-populations for economically important traits were CGH analyzed using the same reference genome on a NimbleGen tiling array. We designed this array based on the latest build of the bovine genome (UMD3) with average probe spacing of 1150 bases (total number of probes was 2,166,672). Two CNV gene clusters, PLA2G2D on BTA2 and KIAA1683 on BTA7 revealed significant association with milk percentage and cow fertility, respectively, and were chosen for further characterization and verification in a larger sample using other methodologies including sequencing, tag SNPs and real time PCR (qPCR). Comparison between these four methods indicated that there is under estimation of the number of CNV loci in Holstein cattle and their complexity. The variation in sequence between different copies seemed to affect their functionality and thus the hybridization based methods were less informative than the methods that are based on sequencing. We thus conclude that large scale sequencing effort complemented by array CGH should be considered to better detect and characterize CNVs in order to effectively employ them in marker-assisted selection.
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Breiman, Adina, Jan Dvorak, Abraham Korol, and Eduard Akhunov. Population Genomics and Association Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes in Israeli Populations of Wild Relatives of Wheat, Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops speltoides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697121.bard.
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Wheat is the most widely grown crop on earth, together with rice it is second to maize in total global tonnage. One of the emerging threats to wheat is stripe (yellow) rust, especially in North Africa, West and Central Asia and North America. The most efficient way to control plant diseases is to introduce disease resistant genes. However, the pathogens can overcome rapidly the effectiveness of these genes when they are wildly used. Therefore, there is a constant need to find new resistance genes to replace the non-effective genes. The resistance gene pool in the cultivated wheat is depleted and there is a need to find new genes in the wild relative of wheat. Wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) the progenitor of the cultivated wheat can serve as valuable gene pool for breeding for disease resistance. Transferring of novel genes into elite cultivars is highly facilitated by the availability of information of their chromosomal location. Therefore, our goals in this study was to find stripe rust resistant and susceptible genotypes in Israeli T. dicoccoides population, genotype them using state of the art genotyping methods and to find association between genetic markers and stripe rust resistance. We have screened 129 accessions from our collection of wild emmer wheat for resistance to three isolates of stripe rust. About 30% of the accessions were resistant to one or more isolates, 50% susceptible, and the rest displayed intermediate response. The accessions were genotyped with Illumina'sInfinium assay which consists of 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. About 13% (1179) of the SNPs were polymorphic in the wild emmer population. Cluster analysis based on SNP diversity has shown that there are two main groups in the wild population. A big cluster probably belongs to the Horanum ssp. and a small cluster of the Judaicum ssp. In order to avoid population structure bias, the Judaicum spp. was removed from the association analysis. In the remaining group of genotypes, linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured along the chromosomes decayed rapidly within one centimorgan. This is the first time when such analysis is conducted on a genome wide level in wild emmer. Such a rapid decay in LD level, quite unexpected for a selfer, was not observed in cultivated wheat collection. It indicates that wild emmer populations are highly suitable for association studies yielding a better resolution than association studies in cultivated wheat or genetic mapping in bi-parental populations. Significant association was found between an SNP marker located in the distal region of chromosome arm 1BL and resistance to one of the isolates. This region is not known in the literature to bear a stripe rust resistance gene. Therefore, there may be a new stripe rust resistance gene in this locus. With the current fast increase of wheat genome sequence data, genome wide association analysis becomes a feasible task and efficient strategy for searching novel genes in wild emmer wheat. In this study, we have shown that the wild emmer gene pool is a valuable source for new stripe rust resistance genes that can protect the cultivated wheat.
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Cao, Xianling, Xuanyou Zhou, Naixin Xu, Songchang Chang, and Chenming Xu. Association of IL-4 and IL-10 Polymorphisms with Preterm Birth Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0044.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism and clarify their possible association with PTB. Condition being studied: World Health Organization (WHO) defines preterm birth (PTB) as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. The new estimates show that the prevalence of PTB during 2014 ranged from 8.7% to13.4% of all live births, about 15 million preterm babies born each year. Besides, PTB is the leading cause of death worldwide for children below 5 years of age. Babies born preterm are at an increased risk of short-term and long-term complications attributed to immaturity of multiple organ systems, such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, vision and hearing impairments, and impaired cognitive development. PTB has become a worldwide public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that PTB is a syndrome that can be attributed to a variety of pathological processes(5). Inflammatory diseases and genetic background are known risk factors for PTB, many studies had shown that genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) are associated with increased risk of PTB, but the relationship between genetic polymorphism in anti-inflammatory cytokines and risk of PTB remains controversial.
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Paran, Ilan, and Molly Jahn. Genetics and comparative molecular mapping of biochemical and morphological fruit characters in Capsicum. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586545.bard.
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Original objectives: The overall goal of our work was to gain information regarding the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper and to develop tools based on this information to assist in crop improvement. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoid (pungency) content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoid and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoid in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C.locus. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was poorly understood prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous SSR markers. This map has been integrated with a number of other independent maps resulting in the publication of a single resource map consisting of more than 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps based primarily on tomato-originated RFLP markers, the new maps are based on PCR markers that originate in Capsicum providing a comprehensive and versatile resource for marker-assisted selection in pepper. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, a character unique to pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master regulatoar for capsaicinoid accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTL that control capsaicinoid content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTL that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTL controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advances in our understanding of important processes of pepper fruit development including the isolation and characterization of several well known genes. These results also provided the basis for the development of molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement. A total of eleven refereed publications have resulted from this work, and several more are in preparation.
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Paran, Ilan, and Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.
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Li, Li, Joseph Burger, Nurit Katzir, Yaakov Tadmor, Ari Schaffer, and Zhangjun Fei. Characterization of the Or regulatory network in melon for carotenoid biofortification in food crops. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594408.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The general goals of the BARD research grant US-4423-11 are to understand how Or regulates carotenoid accumulation and to reveal novel strategies for breeding agricultural crops with enhanced β-carotene level. The original objectives are: 1) to identify the genes and proteins in the Or regulatory network in melon; 2) to genetically and molecularly characterize the candidate genes; and 3) to define genetic and functional allelic variation of these genes in a representative germplasm collection of the C. melo species. Or was found by the US group to causes provitamin A accumulation in chromoplasts in cauliflower. Preliminary genetic study from the Israeli group revealed that the melon Or gene (CmOr) completely co-segregated with fruit flesh color in a segregating mapping population and in a wide melon germplasm collection, which set the stage for the funded research. Major conclusions and achievements include: 1). CmOris proved to be the gene that controls melon fruit flesh color and represents the previously described gflocus in melon. 2). Genetic and molecular analyses of CmOridentify and confirm a single SNP that is responsible for the orange and non-orange phenotypes in melon fruit. 3). Alteration of the evolutionarily conserved arginine in an OR protein to both histidine or alanine greatly enhances its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. 4). OR promotes massive carotenoid accumulation due to its dual functions in regulating both chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid biosynthesis. 5). A bulk segregant transcriptome (BSRseq) analysis identifies a list of genes associated with the CmOrregulatory network. 6). BSRseq is proved to be an effective approach for gene discovery. 7). Screening of an EMS mutation library identifies a low β mutant, which contains low level of carotenoids due to a mutation in CmOrto produce a truncated form of OR protein. 8). low β exhibits lower germination rate and slow growth under salt stress condition. 9). Postharvest storage of fruit enhances carotenoid accumulation, which is associated with chromoplast development. Our research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying the Or-regulated high level of carotenoid accumulation via regulating carotenoidbiosynthetic capacity and storage sink strength. The findings provide mechanistic insights into how carotenoid accumulation is controlled in plants. Our research also provides general and reliable molecular markers for melon-breeding programs to select orange varieties, and offers effective genetic tools for pro-vitamin A enrichment in other important crops via the rapidly developed genome editing technology. The newly discovered low β mutant could lead to a better understanding of the Or gene function and its association with stress response, which may explain the high conservation of the Or gene among various plant species.
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Roush, Richard, and David Rosen. Understanding the Causes and Genetic Effects of Thelytoky in the Aphelinidae: A Key to Improving Biological Control. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561058.bard.
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Helytoky is a type of parthenogenesis whereby females produce only female offspring without the involvement of males, even where males are occasionally produced. In the last few years, strong circumstantial evidence has implied that thelytoky can be caused by micro-organisms called Wolbachia in at least some species of wasps. The thelytoky can be "cured" by treatment with antibiotics. Further Wolbachia-like organisms can be found in microscopic examinations and genetically identified through their DNA. The aphelinid wasps, and especially species in the genus Aphytis, are among the most important of all classical biological control agents. Aphytis species are critical in the biological control of scale insect pests in commercial orchards and ornamental plantings. About 30% of Aphytis species are thelytikous, of which we were able to study three in detail. In all three, thelytoky was curable by treatment with antibiotics and Wolbachia were identified morphologically and through their DNA. In contrast, Wolbachia were not detectable in biparental species of Aphytis. Studies of Wolbachia gene sequences obtained from Aphytis showed that they were most closely related to those from a very distantly related wasp, Muscidifurax uniraptor, strongly implying that the Wolbachia can be horizontally transferred. As revealed by electron microscopy, the Wolbachia show a strong association with the nurse and follicle cells of the female wasps.
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Medrano, Juan, Adam Friedmann, Moshe (Morris) Soller, Ehud Lipkin, and Abraham Korol. High resolution linkage disequilibrium mapping of QTL affecting milk production traits in Israel Holstein dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696509.bard.
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Original objectives: To create BAC contigs covering two QTL containing chromosomal regions (QTLR) and obtain BAC end sequence information as a platform for SNP identification. Use the SNPs to search for marker-QTL linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the test populations (US and Israel Holstein cattle). Identify candidate genes, test for association with dairy cattle production and functional traits, and confirm any associations in a secondary test population. Revisions in the course of the project: The selective recombinant genotyping (SRG) methodology which we implemented to provide moderate resolution QTL mapping turned out to be less effective than expected, due to problems introduced by incomplete marker informativity. This required a no-cost one-year extension of the project. Aside from this, the project was implemented essentially as envisaged, but only with respect to a single QTLR and single population association-test. Background to the topic. Dairy cattle breeders are looking to marker-assisted selection (MAS) as a means of identifying genetically superior sires and dams. MAS based on population-wide LD can be many times more effective than MAS based on within-family linkage mapping. In this proposal we developed a protocol leading from family based QTL mapping to population-wide LD between markers and the QTL Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. The critical importance of marker informativity for application of the SRG design in outcrossing random mating populations was identified, and an alternative Fractioned Pool Design (FPD) based on selective DNA pooling was developed. We demonstrated the feasibility of constructing a BAC contig across a targeted chromosomal region flanking the marker RM188 on bovine chromosome BTA4, which was shown in previous work to contain a QTL affecting milk production traits. BAC end sequences were obtained and successfully screened for SNPs. LD studies of these SNPs in the Israel population, and of an independent set of SNPs taken across the entire proximal region of BTA4 in the USA population, showed a much lower degree of LD than previously reported in the literature. Only at distances in the sub-cM level did an appreciable fraction of SNP marker-pairs show levels of LD useful for MAS. In contrast, studies in the Israel population using microsatellite markers, presented an equivalent degree of LD at a 1-5 separation distance. SNP LD appeared to reflect historical population size of Bostaurus (Ne=5000- 10,000), while microsatellite LD appeared to be in proportion to more recent effective population size of the Holstein breed (Ne=50-100). An appreciable fraction of the observed LD was due to Family admixture structure of the Holstein population. The SNPs MEOX2/IF2G (found within the gene SETMAR at 23,000 bp from RM188) and SNP23 were significantly associated with PTA protein, Cheese dollars and Net Merit Protein in the Davis bull resource population, and were also associated with protein and casein percentages in the Davis cow resource population. Implications. These studies document a major difference in degree of LD presented by SNPs as compared to microsatellites, and raise questions as to the source of this difference and its implications for QTL mapping and MAS. The study lends significant support to the targeted approach to fine map a previously identified QTL. Using high density genotyping with SNP discovered in flanking genes to the QTL, we have identified important markers associated with milk protein percentage that can be tested in markers assisted selection programs.
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Hulata, Gideon, Thomas D. Kocher, Micha Ron, and Eyal Seroussi. Molecular Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Cultured Tilapias. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697106.bard.
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Tilapias are among the most important aquaculture commodities worldwide. Commercial production of tilapia is based on monosex culture of males. Current methods for producing all-male fingerlings, including hormone treatments and genetic manipulations, are not entirely reliable, in part because of the genetic complexity of sex determination and sexual differentiation in tilapias. The goals of this project are to map QTL and identify genes regulating sex determination in commonly cultured tilapia species, in order to provide a rational basis for designing reliable genetic approaches for producing all-male fingerlings. The original objectives for this research were: 1) to identify the gene underlying the QTL on LG1 through positional cloning and gene expression analysis; 2) to fine map the QTL on LG 3 and 23; and 3) to characterize the patterns of dominance and epistasis among QTL alleles influencing sex determination. The brain aromatase gene Cyp19b, a possible candidate for the genetic or environmental SD, was mapped to LG7 using our F2 mapping population. This region has not been identified before as affecting SD in tilapias. The QTL affecting SD on LG 1 and 23 have been fine-mapped down to 1 and 4 cM, respectively, but the key regulators for SD have not been found yet. Nevertheless, a very strong association with gender was found on LG23 for marker UNH898. Allele 276 was found almost exclusively in males, and we hypothesized that this allele is a male-associated allele (MAA). Mating of males homozygous for MAA with normal females is underway for production of all-male populations. The first progeny reaching size allowing accurate sexing had 43 males and no females. During the course of the project it became apparent that in order to achieve those objectives there is a need to develop genomic infrastructures that were lacking. Efforts have been devoted to the development of genomic resources: a database consisting of nearly 117k ESTs representing 16 tissues from tilapia were obtained; a web tool based on the RepeatMasker software was designed to assist tilapia genomics; collaboration has been established with a sequencing company to sequence the tilapia genome; steps have been taken toward constructing a microarray to enable comparative analysis of the entire transcriptome that is required in order to detect genes that are differentially expressed between genders in early developmental stages. Genomic resources developed will be invaluable for studies of cichlid physiology, evolution and development, and will hopefully lead to identification of the key regulators of SD. Thus, they will have both scientific and agricultural implications in the coming years.