Journal articles: 'Genus Amaranthus'

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Lancíková, Veronika, and Andrea Hricová. "Digital Absolute Gene Expression Analysis of Essential Starch-Related Genes in a Radiation Developed Amaranthus cruentus L. Variety in Comparison with Real-Time PCR." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080966.

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We investigated the expression pattern of four major starch genes at different seed developmental stages in the radiation-bred amaranth variety “Pribina” (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and corresponding control genotype “Ficha” (Amaranthus cruentus L.). Two platforms were used and compared for the gene expression analysis of GBSSI, SSSI, SBE, and DBE amaranth genes, including a standard quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technique and relatively novel droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. In our conditions, both methods showed great accuracy and revealed higher expression of the investigated genes in the mutant variety than in the control genotype. Here we report for the first time, a ddPCR gene expression assay for the cultivated grain amaranth, as the most important group of the species in the genus Amaranthus.

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Písaříková, B., Z. Zralý, S. Kráčmar, M. Trčková, and I. Herzig. "Nutritional value of amaranth (genus Amaranthus L.) grain in diets for broiler chickens." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 12 (December 11, 2011): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4263-cjas.

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The following characteristics were determined in raw and popped amaranth grain: crude protein (158.1 and 168.5 g/kg), ether extract (71.5 and 69.4 g/kg), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (99.2 and 111.8 g/kg), cellulose (86.6 and 60.0 g/kg) and essential amino acids (Cys 4.2 and 4.1, Thr 6.0 and 6.5, Ala 8.8 and 9.2, Val 6.8 and 7.4, Ile 5.2 and 5.6, Lys 9.2 and 8.8, Arg 12.8 and 14.2 g/kg). In vitro protein digestibility was 68.1 and 50.6% in raw and popped amaranth grain, respectively. In balance experiments with broiler chickens ROSS 308 the following coefficients of apparent digestibility (%) were determined for control and experimental diets containing 0, 10% raw and 10% popped amaranth: crude protein 85.4, 86.5 and 83.0, ether extract 88.3, 88.2 and 86.1, NDF 21.2, 27.6 and 15.9, cellulose 25.0, 38.4 and 36.3, nitrogen free extractives 76.1, 82.6 and 81.1, organic matter 77.3, 81.8 and 80.6, gross energy 77.5, 80.6 and 78.2.  

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Ozimede, C. O., G. C. Obute, and B. L. Nyananyo. "Genetic Diversity on Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus viridis L. and Amaranthus spinosus L. in parts of Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 23, no. 10 (November 21, 2019): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i10.18.

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The Amaranth plants are annuals or short-lived perennials with over 103 species of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, distributed nearly worldwide. Several amaranth species are useful as food crops and are grown both for their leaves and for their edible seeds, which are a nutritious pseudocereal (nongrass seeds used like cereal grains). This paper reports the genetic diversity of three species of Amaranthus (A. hybridus L., A. viridis L. and A. spinosus L.) in Rivers state of Nigeria. Result obtained from this research showed high rate of diversity. DNA characterization and sequencing of the species were done through plastid Ribulose-1,5biophosphate Carboxylase large chain (rbcL) genetic marker to determine the rate of genetic variation among members of this genus in our study area. The sequence figures were firstly compared on Basic Local Alignment Sequence Tool for validation. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutional analysis was conducted using MEGA version 7. The dendogram of the molecular phylogeny generated from MEGA 7 software shows elevated rate of variation among studied species.Keywords: Amaranthus, Genetic, Diversity, rbcl

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Ortiz-Ribbing, Loretta M., Kenny R. Glassman, Gordon K. Roskamp, and Steven G. Hallett. "Performance of Two Bioherbicide Fungi for Waterhemp and Pigweed Control in Pumpkin and Soybean." Plant Disease 95, no. 4 (April 2011): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-10-0336.

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Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) and pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.) are troublesome weeds in many cropping systems and have evolved resistance to several herbicides. Field trials to further develop Microsphaeropsis amaranthi and Phomopsis amaranthicola as bioherbicides for control of waterhemp and pigweeds were conducted to test the effectiveness of these organisms in irrigated and nonirrigated pumpkin and soybean plots over 2 years at three locations in western Illinois. The bioherbicide was applied with lecithin and vegetable oil at 187 liters ha–1 in 2008 and 374 liters ha–1 in 2009. Treatments included spore suspensions of M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola alone, a mixture of both organisms, and sequential treatments of the organisms with halosulfuron-methyl (Sandea Herbicide) in pumpkin or glyphosate (Roundup Original Max Herbicide) in soybean. Bioherbicide effectiveness was estimated at approximately 7 and 14 days after treatment, as disease incidence, disease severity, percent weed control, and weed biomass reduction. Significant reductions in weed biomass occurred in treatments with one or both of the fungal organisms, and potential exists to tank mix M. amaranthi with halosulfuron-methyl. Leaf surface moisture and air temperatures following application may account for inconsistencies in field results between year and locations. These fungal organisms show potential as bioherbicides for weeds in the genus Amaranthus.

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Iamonico, Duilio. "Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy." Phytotaxa 199, no. 1 (February 23, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.199.1.1.

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A taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy is here presented. Field surveys were carried out during the period 2006–2014. 58 herbaria (both European and American, including 12 personal herbaria) were consulted (more than 3,000 specimens were examined) as well as extensive literature was analized. Twenty-seven non-hybrid taxa (twenty-four species, and six varieties) are recognized (A. crassipes and A. graecizans subsp. graecizans are considered doubtful for the flora of Italy). Three taxa (A. blitum, A. cacciatoi, and A. graecizans subsp. sylvestris) are native, one (A. bouchonii) has doubtful origin, while the others are to be considered aliens, mostly neophytes native to the Americas. Information about nomenclature (accepted names, main synonyms, and types), morphology, chromosome number, chorology (for native taxa) or alien status (for exotic taxa, at national and regional levels), occurrence in Italy (at regional scale), ecology (preferential habitat, phenology, elevation), taxonomic annotations are provided for each taxon, as well as original photos were prepared. Diagnostic keys at species and infraspecific levels (for A. blitum subsp. blitum s.l., A. emarginatus s.l., and A. graecizans s.l.) are given. An isolectotype for the name A. bouchonii was found at Z. A list of the seven hybrids recorded and their main morphological characteristics are also given. Among them, A. × mauritii is recorded in the present study for the first time in Italy. The nomenclatural change Amaranthus × pyxidatus comb. et stat. nov. is proposed. Two specimens preserved at MPU are designated as lectotype and isolectotype of the name A. × mauritii s.s., while for A. × mauritii f. ramosissima the holotype was found; the two names are to be considered heterotypic synonyms (new synonymy).

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Iamonico, Duilio. "Nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 11. Dioecious Amaranthus species belonging to the sect. Saueranthus." Darwiniana, nueva serie 8, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2020.82.898.

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A nomenclatural study of Amaranthus names, linked to the dioecious taxa belonging to the sect. Saueranthus (subgen. Acnida), was carried out. All studied names are validly published but in need of nomenclatural clarifications. Lectotypes are designated for A. greggii var. muelleri (NY), whereas for A. ambigens, A. annectens, A. arenicola, A. myrianthus, and A. watsonii holotypes were cited (deposited at US, BM, GH, and US). Isotypes where found for A. ambigens (one specimen at NY), A. myrianthus (five specimens at GH, M, MO, RM, and US), and A. arenicola (three specimens at KSC, MO, and US), whereas for A. watsonii two isotypes were traced at US. A new synonymy, A. arenicola = A. myrianthus, is proposed, the latter name having nomenclatural priority to the former one. Based on preliminary taxonomic observations, two varieties are recognized under A. greggii, var. greggii and var. muelleri, which differ from each other on the ratio tepals/fruit (about 2/3 in var. muelleri vs. about 1 in var. greggii).

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Ciganek, M., B. Pisarikova, and Z. Zraly. "Determination of volatile organic compounds in the crude and heat treated amaranth samples." Veterinární Medicína 52, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1869-vetmed.

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The present study concentrated on the development of an analytical method for determination of emissions of volatile organic compounds from crude and heat treated amaranth (genus Amaranthus L.) samples. Emitted substances were collected by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method and identified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The list of identified abundant organic compounds exceeds one hundred substances of different classes. Total concentrations of quantified volatile organic compounds ranged between 2.2 and 68.9 μg/g of dried sample. Hexanal and acetic acid were found as the most abundant compounds detected in amaranth samples. It was found that heat treatment (popping) of amaranth samples changed their composition of volatile organic compounds dramatically. The highest volatile organic compound emissions were found in popped grain amaranth in comparison to all crude grains and amaranth biomasses.

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IAMONICO, DUILIO, and GABRIELE GALASSO. "New nomenclatural changes for hybrids of Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae s. str.)." Phytotaxa 340, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.11.

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As part of the ongoing studies of the genus Amaranthus Linnaeus (1753: 990) and in the course of the preparation of a new checklist of the vascular plants alien to the flora of Italy (see e.g., Iamonico 2015, 2016; Galasso et al. 2016, 2018), following the checklist of vascular plants native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018), we present here a note regarding some names applied to hybrids of Amaranthus.

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Macharia, Charles, and Ellen B. Peffley. "ALLELOPATHIC CONTROL OF AMARANTHUS SPP. BY ALLIUM SPP." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1132c—1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1132c.

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The genus Amaranthus contains many species which are common weeds found on the Texas high plains. In a field experiment plant height and numbers of plants of Amaranthus varied when grown with different Allium genotypes: Allium fistulosum var. `Heshiko' and an interspecific F1 hybrid 81215 (Heshiko × A. cepa cv. `New Mexico Yellow Grano'). The genotypes that showed no allelopathic effect were A. cepa cv `New Mexico Yellow Grano', A. fistulosum var. `Ishikura', and their F1 hybrid 8273. On the basis of these observations experiments have been done to quantify the degree of suppression. A randomized complete block design was used under greenhouse conditions in order to measure growth characters of Amaranthus.

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PUSZ, Wojciech, Elzbieta PLĄSKOWSKA, İsmet YILDIRIM, and Ryszard WEBER. "Fungi occurring on the plants of the genus Amaranthus L." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 39 (2015): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1403-106.

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Iamonico, Duilio. "Lectotypification of Linnaean names in the genus Amaranthus L. (Amaranthaceae)." Taxon 63, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/631.34.

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Costea, M., S. E. Weaver, and F. J. Tardif. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 130. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 631–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-183.

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A review of the biological information published after 1980 is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L. The three species are noxious weeds introduced to Canada from southern North America. Their geographical distribution has remained almost unchanged since the original paper published in 1980. The plants exhibit a high phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability and they easily adapt to a multitude of agrestal and ruderal habitats. The seeds contribute to a persistent seed bank; they exhibit a variable dormancy and polymorph germination as a result of maternal, genetic and environmental factors. Growth is rapid and plants produce a large number of viable seeds. The three species have developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides. They are alternate hosts to many insects, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and fungi that affect cultivated plants. Key words: Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus powellii, Amaranthus hybridus, weed biology, ecology, taxonomy, herbicide resistance

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Costea and F. J. Tardif, M. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 126. Amaranthus albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 1039–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-056.

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A review of biological information is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L. The last species has been revised taxonomically and a new subspecies for Canada is presented-A. blitum subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Munoz Garmendia & Pedrol. Amaranthus albus and A. blitoides are native to the U.S.A. and introduced to Canada. Both species are annual ruderal and agrestal weeds. During the past 100 yr the two species have spread across most provinces of Canada, but the greatest frequency and abundance have been recorded in Saskatchewan. Originating from Europe, Asia and North Africa, A. blitum was initially considered a non-persistent species. The present study shows that A. blitum especially, subsp. emarginatus, has continued to spread in Québec. The three species are alternate hosts to many insects, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and fungi that affect cultivated plants. In other areas (U.S.A., Europe and Asia), the three species have developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Key words: Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus blitum, weed biology, ecology, taxonomy, herbicide resistance

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Iamonico, Duilio. "Amaranthus gangeticus (Amaranthaceae), a name incertae sedis." Phytotaxa 162, no. 5 (March 19, 2014): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.162.5.2.

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As part of the revision of the genus Amaranthus Linnaeus (1753: 989) for the treatment of Amaranthaceae Jussieu for the Euro+Med PlantBase project (Iamonico, in prep.), and the typification work on the Linnaean names in this family (e.g., Iamonico 2012, 2013, 2014a, 2014b, Iamonico & Jarvis 2012, Iamonico & Del Pino 2014), it has been necessary to establish the identity of A. gangeticus Linnaeus (1759: 1268), especially in comparison with the related taxa included in the A. tricolor Linnaeus (1753: 989) aggregate (Iamonico 2014a).

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IAMONICO, DUILIO. "Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 5. Moquin-Tandon’s names." Phytotaxa 273, no. 2 (September 7, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.2.1.

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A comprehensive nomenclatural study of the 109 names in Acnida, Amaranthus[1] and Euxolus, which were firstly published by Moquin-Tandon, is here presented. 49 names are invalid since 1) were proposed as synonyms under legitimate names (36 names, Art. 36.1c of the ICN), 2) are nomina nuda (11 names, Art. 38.2 Ex. 1 of the ICN), or 3) were uncorrectly named or published (2 names). 10 names are actually new proposed combinations. The remaining 50 names are valid (48 legitimate and 2 illegitimate). Six names (Ac. tuberculata, Am. hybridus var. erythrostachys, Am. sect. Pyxidium, Am. muricatus, E. caudatus var. gracilis, and E. caudatus var. maximus) are already lectotypified, while the remaining ones appears to be untypified. Types (lecto-, isolecto- and neo-) are designated on specimens preserved at BR, G, GH, HAL, HOH, K, MO, MPU, P, UPS, and iconographies by Vellozo (for Am. brasiliensis), Wight (Am. tristis var. wightii), Morandi (Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens), and Dodoëns (Euxolus viridis var. rubens). Syntypes are preserved at BR, MO, RO, and TUB. For the nomenclatural purposes the name Am. lanceolatus was also investigated and lectotypified on a specimen preserved at P. No typifications were proposed for 4 names: Am. paniculatus var. monstruosus (which is to be considered a teratogenous form) Am. flavus var. bernhardi, Am. hypochondriacus var. racemosus, and Am. tristis var. flexuosus. Concerning the latter three names, since the difficult in understanding the concepts of these taxa and finding useful specimens and in the interest of nomenclatural stability, a rejection of is hoped for (Art. 56 of the ICN). New synonymies are proposed for Amaranthus blitum var. nanus (= Am. blitoides), Am. brasiliensis (= Am. cruentus), Am. tristis var. leptostachys (= Am. cruentus), Euxolus viridis var. rubens and Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens (= Am. blitum var. blitum). The name Amaranthus ×wallichii was proposed to formalize a putative hybrid between Am. cruentus and Am. hybridus, which still does not appear to be published.

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Abu Ziada, M. E., E. F. El-Halawan, I. A. Mashaly, and G. F. Masoud. "Autecology and Phytochemistry of Genus Amaranthus in the Nile Delta, Egypt." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.119.129.

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Kassa, Muluken K., and Shimelis A. Emire. "Evaluation of Various Properties of Amaranthus (Genus Amaranthus L.) Based Composite Flour Blends for Preparation of Gluten-Free Biscuits." Croatian journal of food science and technology 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2021.13.1.08.

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This research was conducted to investigate the pasting, rheological and functional properties, and gluten-free biscuit making potential of a composite flour prepared from grains of amaranthus, sorghum and finger millet. The formulation for the composite flour was obtained from D-optimal mixture design ratio using Design-Expert. The rheological and pasting properties of the composite flours were determined, while the proximate composition, physical dimensions, mineral concentration and sensory quality attributes of the biscuits were assessed. The results showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the pasting profile of the control and amaranthus based composites flour except for pasting temperature. Water absorption capacity and water soliblity index increased as the blending ratio of amaranthus flour increased, while oil absorption capacity decreased. The proximate composition evaluation 13.75, 2.04, 1.77 and 31.75% were found to be the highest values of the biscuit samples in terms of protein, crude fiber, ash and crude fat, respectively. Mineral analaysis was carried out and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in Fe, Ca, Zn and P content among the biscuit samples made from the composite flour blends. Similarly, the sensory evaluation indicated that there was a significant (p<0.05) differences in apperance, colour, texture, flavour and overall acceptability among the composite biscuit samples. However, the difference was insignificant (p<0.05) in crispiness of biscuit samples. In a nut shell this research revealed that a nutritionally dense gluten-free biscuits can be formulated without affecting the quality attributes of the biscuit. Thus, the composite flours can be used for the preparation of gluten free food products in africa, where the crops have not been effectively utilized in food processing industries.

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SOLÍS-FERNÁNDEZ, KAREN Z., ERICK A. AGUILERA-CAUICH, ROLANDO CIFUENTES-VELASQUEZ, HILDA FLORES-OLVERA, RUBÉN H. ANDUEZA-NOH, and IVONNE SÁNCHEZ-DEL PINO. "High morphological diversity of Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae) and its putative wild ancestor revealed by pistillate floral characterization in the proposed domestication center of origin." Phytotaxa 439, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.3.4.

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Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) is a widespread genus that includes noxious weeds, economically important species for food, forage, medicinals and ornamentals. Three species of Amaranthus have been cultivated for their grain in the world, i.e. A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. cruentus. It has been postulated that A. cruentus was domesticated from the probable wild progenitor A. hybridus, and that the domestication event occurred between southern Mexico and Guatemala, the region where the Mayan civilization flourished. Morphological variation in this grain amaranth and its putative wild progenitor has been poorly documented, even though this area is a possible center of domestication of A. cruentus. Samples of A. cruentus, A. hybridus, hybrids between these two species and aberrant morphotypes collected were studied morphologically using multivariate statistical methods on pistillate floral characters to (1) assess the diversity of grain amaranth A. cruentus and its postulated wild progenitor A. hybridus in the proposed domestication center of origin, (2) test the hypothesis that some hybrids and aberrant morphotypes found in the region can be morphologically differentiated from A. hybridus and A. cruentus based on statistical analyses, and (3) test and review the diagnostic characters traditionally used for assessing species circumscription. Our results showed high morphological diversity for these two species in the study region, indicating differentiation of both species, apparently based primarily on hybridization. Morphological variants on flower, bract, sepal, seed, and fruit characters were significant for confirming and circumscribing species.

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Manyelo, Tlou Grace, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola, Elsabe Janse van Rensburg, and Monnye Mabelebele. "The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals." Animals 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091504.

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This review presents, discusses, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals. Amaranth is an ancient nutritious crop that has been cultivated for multiple purposes. In America, Asia, and Africa, the leaves of amaranth species are used as vegetables. The change in climatic conditions globally has resulted in shortages of rainfall, unpredictable weather, and lack of inputs such as fertilizer. This has led to scarcity of protein sources in the market and instability in prices which makes it necessary to consider alternative ingredients in poultry, pigs, fish, and rabbits feed formulation. Amaranth is rich in fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds which have some health benefits in animals and can be used to improve productivity. It also contains anti-nutritional factors which can be reduced by several processing methods. Moreover, its use in monogastric nutrition is useful because amaranth has shown to improve monogastric productivity without having any adverse effect on animals’ productivity. Thus, from this review, it can be concluded that amaranth leaves and grains can be used successfully in monogastric animals though different processing methods which might need to be employed in order to reduce anti-nutritional factors before use in animals.

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Thapa, Ranjita, and Matthew Blair. "Morphological Assessment of Cultivated and Wild Amaranth Species Diversity." Agronomy 8, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110272.

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Amaranthus L. is genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants comprising approximately 70 species, with three subgenera, which contains both cultivated and wild types, where cultivated ones are used for food grains, leafy vegetables, potential forages and ornamentals. Grain amaranth are pseudocereals from three species domesticated in North and South America and are notable for containing high amount of protein and minerals and balanced amino acid in their small seeds. Genetic diversity analysis of amaranths is important for development of core set of germplasm with widely diverse population and effective utilization of plant genetic resources. In this study, we evaluated a germplasm collection of 260 amaranth accessions from United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) and 33 accessions from Seed Savers’ Exchange (SSE). We evaluated morphological traits like blade pigmentation, blade shape, petiole pigmentation, branching index, flower color, stem color, inflorescence density, inflorescence shape, terminal inflorescence attitude, plant height and yield characteristics across all 293 accessions. We compared clustering within the USDA and SSE collection and across both collections. Data analysis of morphological data showed significant difference of petiole pigmentation, stem color, blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color across different clusters of accessions of USDA unlike among different clusters of SSE where we found significant difference of only blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color. The relationship depicted by neighbor-joining dendogram using the morphological markers was consistent with some but not all of the differences observed between species. Some divisions were found between cultivated and weedy amaranths that was substantiated by morphological characteristics but no separation of South and Central American species was observed. Substantial phenotypic plasticity limits the use of morphological analysis for phylogenetic analysis but does show that important morphological traits such as inflorescence type and plant architecture can cross species boundaries. Similarly, color variants for leaves, flowers and seeds are not exclusive to one cluster in our study nor to one species and can be used widely for breeding any of the cultigens, but not to species identification. Our findings will help in germplasm conservation of grain amaranths and facilitate in this crop’s improvement. It will also help on developing effective breeding programs involving different plant characteristics and morphological traits of Amaranths.

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Hussain, Mohammad Musarraf. "A Comprehensive Review on the Phytoconstituents from Six Species of the Genus Amaranthus." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v22i1.40083.

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The objective of this review is to consider the phytoconstituents from six species under the genus Amaranthus (A. retroflexus, A. spinosus, A. viridis, A. caudatus, A. hypocondriacus and A. tricolor). A total of sixty five (1-65) phytoconstituents with chemical structures have been reported in this study. A. retroflexus consists of high number of reported phytoconstituents. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 117-124, 2019

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IAMONICO, DUILIO. "Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Acroglochin and its position in Chenopodiaceae s.str." Phytotaxa 383, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.383.2.5.

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Betoideae is a monophyletic group currently comprising five genera (Aphanisma, Beta, Hablitzia, Oreoblitum, and Patellifolia) and 11‒16 species. Acroglochin was formerly also included in subfam. Betoideae by various authors, although recently molecular data demonstrated that this genus is probably an ancient lineage basal to the remaining Betoideae. Although Acroglochin is also separated from both chorological and morphological viewpoints and some authors suggested its segregation in a separate subfamily, this proposal is premature, and discussion on that is presented here. A complete nomenclatural treatment of A. persicarioides, the only currently recognized species of Acroglochin, is provided, including all known heterotypic and homotypic synonyms. The names Lecanocarpus, Acroglochia, Blitanthus, Amaranthus acroglochin, Am. cauliflorus, Am. chenopodioides, Am. diandrus, Am. persicarioides, Boehmeria amaranthus, Blitanthus nepalensis, Acroglochia chenopodioides, Acroglochin schraderianum, Chenopodium pakistanicum Aellen were investigated. The name Lecanocarpus is a heterotypic synonym of Acroglochin, Acroglochia is an invalid name, and Blitanthus (initially published as nomen nudum) is illegitimate. Types for Acroglochin chenopodioides, Ac. obtosufolium, Amaranthus acroglochin, Am. cauliflorus, Am. diandrus, Am. persicarioides, and Boehmeria amaranthus were designated based on specimens deposited at B, E, GB, and LE. Blitanthus nepalensis, Acroglochia chenopodioides, Acroglochin schraderianum were not validly published (Arts. 36.1b, 38.1, 38.2), while the name Chenopodium pakistanicum Aellen occurred only on a specimen label (herbarium W). Finally, notes on the morphology and distribution of Acroglochin are provided.

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Galasso, Gabriele, Gianniantonio Domina, Gianmaria Bonari, Sergio Buono, Giuseppina Chianese, Gloria Cortesi, Giuliano Frangini, et al. "Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 4." Italian Botanist 4 (November 3, 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.4.21666.

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In this contribution, new data concerning the Italian distribution of alien vascular flora are presented. It includes new records and exclusions for Italy or for Italian administrative regions of taxa in the genera Cedrus, Cenchrus, Citrus, Cyrtomium, Diospyros, Elaeagnus, Erigeron, Iris, Oenothera, Pavonia, Phytolacca, Styphnolobium, and Verbena. Furthermore, a new combination in the genus Amaranthus is proposed.

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Iamonico, Duilio. "A nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: names published by Willdenow." Willdenowia 50, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50114.

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Viljoen, Erika, Damaris A. Odeny, Martin P. A. Coetzee, Dave K. Berger, and David J. G. Rees. "Application of Chloroplast Phylogenomics to Resolve Species Relationships Within the Plant Genus Amaranthus." Journal of Molecular Evolution 86, no. 3-4 (March 19, 2018): 216–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-018-9837-9.

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Rosskopf, E. N., R. Charudattan, J. T. DeValerio, and W. M. Stall. "Field Evaluation of Phomopsis amaranthicola, A Biological Control Agent of Amaranthus spp." Plant Disease 84, no. 11 (November 2000): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.11.1225.

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There are approximately 60 species in the genus Amaranthus, of which seven are used as grains, leafy vegetables, or ornamentals. The majority of the remaining species are considered important weeds. A new fungal species, Phomopsis amaranthicola, isolated from stem and leaf lesions on an Amaranthus sp. plant, was found to be pathogenic to 22 species of Amaranthus tested. The efficacy of this fungus was tested in field trials using one or two postemergent applications of the fungus consisting of two concentrations of conidia or mycelial suspensions. Species tested for susceptibility in the field included Amaranthus hybridus, A. lividus, A. viridus, A. spinosus, and a triazine-resistant A. hybridus. The cumulative disease incidence data for each treatment within each species were plotted versus time using regression for lifetime data. Plant mortality was recorded 2, 4, and 6 weeks after inoculation. There were significant differences between the treatment effects in the control plots versus the plots treated with P. amaranthicola. The highest level of control was obtained in the first trial when the fungus was applied at 6 × 107 conidia per ml. Final mortality of all species, except A. hybridus, reached 100% in inoculated plots 25 days earlier than in noninoculated control plots. Conidial suspensions were more effective in controlling the species in the second trial than were mycelial suspensions. Spread of the pathogen to noninoculated control plots was faster in the second year than in other years. High levels of plant mortality were achieved in plots of A. spinosus, A. lividus, and A. viridis. A. hybridus and the triazine-resistant A. hybridus were not effectively controlled in the second year due to the advanced stage of plant growth (8 to 10 true leaves) at the time of pathogen application. Results confirmed that P. amaranthicola is an effective biocontrol agent of some of the Amaranthus spp. tested.

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Carvalho, Saul Jorge Pinto de, and Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti. "Competition of Amaranthus species with dry bean plants." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 3 (2008): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000300003.

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Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and this competition is among other factors, a function of the occurrence of weed density, and the intrinsic competitive ability of each vegetal species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the competitive ability of five weed species of the Amaranthus L. genus (A. deflexus, A. hybridus, A. retroflexus, A. spinosus and A. viridis) with dry bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. - 'Carioca Precoce' cultivar), using the replacement series design. A fixed total density equivalent to 80 plants m-2 was used in pots of 2.8 L capacity varying the proportions between the species in coexistence. To install the experiment, Amaranthus seedlings were transplanted to the pots at the phenological stage of completely expanded cotyledon leaves, while the crop was seeded. A factorial scheme (5 x 5) was used to carry out the experiment, consisting of five species of Amaranthus (pigweeds) and five species proportions (beans:pigweeds): 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3 and 0:4. Randomized blocks with four replicates were installed and the experiment was repeated twice. Dry bean plants were more competitive than each one of the five Amaranthus species when the species proportion was equivalent. A. deflexus and A. viridis were the weed species which phenology were less affected by the competition with dry bean; the intraspecific competition was more damaging for dry bean plants, suggesting that the damages caused by the weeds are more related to high density of infestation than to the intrinsic competitive ability of the species.

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Iamonico, D. "Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 3. Names linked to the Italian flora." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 150, no. 3 (December 10, 2014): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.987188.

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Iamonico, Duilio, and Jo Palmer. "Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 6. Names linked to the Australian flora." Australian Systematic Botany 33, no. 2 (2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb18062.

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In this paper, nomenclatural issues concerning nine Amaranthus taxa in the Australian flora are clarified. Lectotypes are designated for names of three currently accepted species (A. interruptus R.Br., A. rhombeus R.Br. and A. undulatus R.Br.) and two names now being considered to be taxonomic synonyms (A. lineatus R.Br. and A. macrocarpus var. pallidus Benth.). The earlier ‘holotype’ citations for the taxonomic synonym A. incurvatus Timeroy ex Gren. & Godr. and the currently accepted species A. quitensis Kunth are here considered effective lectotypifications. The holotype material for the nomenclatural synonym A. mitchellii var. grandiflorus J.M.Black is clarified. A neotype is designated for A. pallidiflorus var. viridiflorus Thell. (now considered to be a taxonomic synonym).

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Jacques, Ouedraogo, Kiebre Mariam, Kabore Boukare, Sawadogo Boureima, Kiebre Zakaria, and Bationo Kando Pauline. "Identification and Agronomic Performance of Species of the Genus Amaranthus Grown in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 7, no. 2 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210702.15.

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Park, Young-Jun, and Tomotaro Nishikawa. "Rapid identification of Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus by sequencing and PCR–RFLP analysis of two starch synthase genes." Genome 55, no. 8 (August 2012): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-050.

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The objective of this study was to develop a PCR–RFLP method to identity the cultivated species of grain amaranth based on variations in the sequences of their starch synthase genes. We sequenced the SSSI and GBSSI loci in 126 accessions of cultivated grain amaranth collected from diverse locations around the world. We aligned the gene sequences and searched for restriction enzyme cleavage sites specific to each species for use in the PCR–RFLP analysis. Our analyses indicated that EcoRI would recognize the sequence 5′-GAATT/C-3′ in the SSSI gene from Amaranthus caudatus L., and TaqI would recognize the sequence 5′-T/CGA-3′ in the GBSSI gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. The PCR products obtained using gene-specific primers were 423 bp (SSSI) and 627 or 635 bp (GBSSI) in length. These products were cut with different restriction enzymes resulting in species-specific RFLP patterns that could be used to distinguish among the cultivated grain amaranths. The results clearly showed that A. caudatus and A. hypochondriacus were easily differentiated at the species level using this method. Therefore, the PCR–RFLP method targeting amaranth starch synthase genes is simple and rapid, and it will be a useful tool for the identification of cultivated species of grain amaranth.

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Sánchez-del Pino, Ivonne, Alfredo Dorantes-Euan, and Ariadna Ibarra-Morales. "Primer registro de la maleza agrícola e invasiva Amaranthus palmeri (Amaranthaceae) para la flora de la Península de Yucatán y actualización de la diversidad de Amaranthus en la región." Botanical Sciences 97, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2189.

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Background: Amaranthus palmeri is a dioecious weed that has become an invasive species because of its proliferation ability and high resistance to herbicides. This species is considered one of the most troublesome weed species for the United States of America agricultural system, therefore, the documentation of this species is important for a region that harbors high biodiversity as well as many agricultural activities, as the Peninsula of Yucatan.Question: Amaranthus palmeri is distributed in Peninsula of Yucatan.Studied species: Amaranthus palmeri S. WatsonStudy site: Two sites in Yucatán, México in 2014, 2017 y 2018.Methods: Morphological characters were examined, characterized and measured, and floral characters were photographed.Results: Amaranthus palmeri is documented for the first time in the Peninsula of Yucatan. The collected specimens are described. Differences and similarities with other species of the genus in the region are discussed. Intraspecific variation of the populations is reported. A key to the species of Amaranthus in the Peninsula of Yucatan is provided.Conclusions: Twelve species of Amaranthus were identified in the Yucatan Peninsula, including A. palmeri. The morphological variation of sepals of the female flowers of A. palmeri might indicate hybridization, phenotypic plasticity or intraspecific variation, which might be related to its ability to adapt to the agricultural systems and artificial environments that colonizes; therefore, the generation of knowledge for this species might be helpful in designing more efficient management solutions.

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Vujacic, Vesna. "Variability and factor analysis of morphological and productive characteristics of species of the genus Amaranthus." Genetika 37, no. 1 (2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0501001v.

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Ten genotypes of amaranth were being studied for three years. Morphological and productive characteristics - plant height, foliage per plant, average foliage length, average foliage width, mass per plant, and seed mass per plant were the subject of this research. Variability of these traits was analyzed and classification of the genotypes by the method of major components was conducted. Variability within a specific trait was significant. In case of the plant height it ranged between 93.18 cm (genotype 9 - A. cruentus) and 160.78 cm (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus); foliage per plant raged between 12.89 (genotype 10 - A cruentus) and 23.46 (genotype I - A mantegazzianus); average foliage length varied from 14.77 cm (genotype 9 - A cruentus) to 26.72 cm (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus); average foliage width ranged between 6.30 cm (genotype 9 - A cruentus) and 14.46 cm (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus); foliage mass per plant ranged between 94.05 g (genotype 3 - A molleros) and 246.81 g (genotype 1 - A mantegazzianus). Seed mass per plant varied from 45.56 g (genotype 3 - A molleros) to 67.55 g (genotype I - A mantegazzianus). The major components method, i.e. factor analysis indicated that the characteristics such as: plant height, average foliage length and average foliage width, had a significant factor loading with the first factor. These traits are of a crucial importance for genotype variability. Foliage number and foliage mass were significantly correlated with the second factor, meaning that they were of a minor importance for the genotype variability. Such results offer guidance with respect to the plant modeling, i.e. indicate how to proceed with the breeding program of this species.

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Galasso, Gabriele, Gianniantonio Domina, Nicola M. G. Ardenghi, Silvia Assini, Enrico Banfi, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Valentina Bigagli, et al. "Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 3." Italian Botanist 3 (May 17, 2017): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.3.13126.

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In this contribution, new data concerning the Italian distribution of alien vascular flora are presented. It includes new records, exclusions, confirmations, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions for taxa in the genera Acer, Amaranthus, Araujia, Aubrieta, Avena, Bidens, Calycanthus, Celtis, Elaeagnus, Eragrostis, Euonymus, Fallopia, Ficus, Hedera, Lantana, Ligustrum, Ludwigia, Morus, Oenothera, Opuntia, Oxalis, Parkinsonia, Paspalum, Paulownia, Platycladus, Pleuropterus, Rumex, Salvia, Senecio, Setaria, Syagrus, Tradescantia, Trifolium and Yucca. Furthermore, a new combination in the genus Vicia is proposed.

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Pisarikova, B., Z. Zraly, S. Kracmar, M. Trckova, and I. Herzig. "The use of amaranth (genus AmaranthusL.) in the diets for broiler chickens." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 7 (March 27, 2012): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5560-vetmed.

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The objective of our study was to test amaranth grain or dried biomass in the diet for broiler chickens as a resource of protein replacing animal protein. Further, the effect of amaranth on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were assessed in a feeding trial. The experimental groups of broilers were fed feed mixtures with crude amaranth grain (AC), heat processed amaranth grain (AP) or dried above-ground biomass (AB). Control groups (C) received the diet containing animal proteins. The results obtained in the experimental groups of broiler chickens can be compared to the control group in all the production indicators under investigation. On day 42 of the experiment, live weight (g) of female broilers ranged from 2 205.1 ± 152.5 (AP) to 2 254.0 ± 136.5 (C), and that of male broilers from 2 375.1 ± 233.0 (AC) to 2 506.0 ± 286.0 (C). Feed conversion ranged from 1.80 kg in control group of male broiler chickens to 1.91 kg in experimental group of male broilers (AB). Percentage yield in female broiler chickens ranged from 70.8 ± 1.74 (AB) to 72.4 ±3.34(AC) or 72.4 ± 1.98 (C), and in male broilers from 72.8 ±3.55(AP) to 75.1 ±2.44(AB). Our results showed that amaranth can fully replace meat-and-bone meals in the diets for broiler chickens.

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Waselkov, Katherine E., Alexis S. Boleda, and Kenneth M. Olsen. "A Phylogeny of the Genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) Based on Several Low-Copy Nuclear Loci and Chloroplast Regions." Systematic Botany 43, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364418x697193.

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Aragón, Agustín, and Miguel-Angel Morón. "DESCRIPTION OF THIRD-INSTAR LARVA OF TWO SPECIES OF PHYLLOPHAGA (COLEOPTERA: MELOLONTHIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 132, no. 3 (June 2000): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent132323-3.

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AbstractThird-instar larvae of Phyllophaga (s.str.) ilhuicaminai Morón and Phyllophaga (Listrochelus) cuicateca Morón and Aragón are described. Larvae of P. ilhuicaminai were taken only from the roots of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Miller (Plumbaginaceae), an ornamental herb growing in fields near Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico. Larvae of P. cuicateca were found only on roots of Amaranthus hypocondriacus L. (Amaranthaceae) in fields near Altepexi, Puebla, Mexico. These larvae cause damage to the root system of both plant species under culture. Illustrations of diagnostic structures, a brief discussion on the differences between these larvae and other Phyllophaga Harris larvae, and a key to the Mexican larvae of the genus are included.

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Zhigila, DA, UA Yuguda, JJ Akawu, and FA Oladele. "Palynomorphs and floral bloom as taxonomic characters in some species of the genus Amaranthus l. (Aamaranthaceae)." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v7i2.29.

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Turcato, Claudemir Schwanz, Freddy Melo Toledo, Emanoel Pereira Sampaio, Cleiton Dias Alves, Vando Miossi Rondelli, Jairo Rafael Machado Dias, and Fábio Régis de Souza. "Epicauta vittata (Fabricius): occurrence in tomato plant and weeds in the State of Rondônia." EntomoBrasilis 13 (April 22, 2020): e0861. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e0861.

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The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant stands out for being a species cultivated throughout the national territory, being the most important vegetable in Brazil, from the socioeconomic point of view. However, it has been one of the crops most affected by phytosanitary problems. For example, there are the pest insects of the genus Epicauta (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Thus, the objective of this study was to record the occurrence of a pest insect (beetle) harming vegetative growth and productive performance in the fresh-market tomato crop and feeding on weeds. The tomato plants were found on “jurubeba” (Solanum paniculatum L.) rootstock, spaced 1.0 m x 0.5 m, grown in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia state. The insect-pest (beetle) was identified as Epicauta vittata (Fabricius). It was observed that the damages caused by the larvae occurred in the main stem of the tomato, only above the grafting site, causing boring, however no damage was observed in the rootstock (“jurubeba”). Adult insects caused defoliation in both tomato plant and joyweed (Alternanthera tenella Colla), slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.), “trapoeraba” (Commelina benghalensis L.) and morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea [L.]). High population of E. vittata causes severe damages to tomato, damaging the vegetative growth and productive performance of the crop, however does not affect the root system when grafted with “jurubeba” (S. paniculatu). Epicauta vittata in the adult phase is fed alternately of weeds.

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El-Ghamery, Abbas A., Ahmed M. Sadek, and Ola H. Abdelbar. "Comparative anatomical studies on some species of the genus Amaranthus (Family: Amaranthaceae) for the development of an identification guide." Annals of Agricultural Sciences 62, no. 1 (June 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2016.11.001.

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Segundo, Eduardo, Dietrich E. Lesemann, Germán Martín, María P. Carmona, Leticia Ruiz, Isabel M. Cuadrado, Leonardo Velasco, and Dirk Janssen. "Amaranthus leaf mottle virus: 3′-end RNA sequence proves classification as distinct virus and reveals affinities within the genus Potyvirus." European Journal of Plant Pathology 117, no. 1 (October 10, 2006): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9064-x.

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Stetter, Markus G., and Karl J. Schmid. "Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genome size evolution of the Amaranthus genus using GBS indicates the ancestors of an ancient crop." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 109 (April 2017): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.029.

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Slugina, M. A., K. Torres Minho, and M. A. Filyushin. "Analysis of the sequences of internal transcribed spacers ITS1, ITS2 and the 5.8S ribosomal gene of species of the Amaranthus genus." Biology Bulletin 41, no. 6 (November 2014): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359014060119.

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Oksari, Ade Ayu. "ANALISIS VEGETASI GULMA PADA PERTANAMAN JAGUNG DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PENGENDALIAN GULMA DI LAMBUNG BUKIT, PADANG, SUMATERA BARAT." Jurnal Sains Natural 4, no. 2 (December 3, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v4i2.85.

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The Vegetation Analysis of Weeds in Corn (Zea mays L.) Plantation and Its Conjunction with Weed Control in Lambung Bukit, Padang, West Sumatra Research about the vegetation analysis of weeds in corn (Zea mays L.) plantation and its conjunction with weed control in Kelurahan Lambung Bukit, Padang, West Sumatra had been conducted from March to Juny 2011 by using systematic squares method of 10 total plots with size 1x1 m2. It was found consist of 10 families, 15 genera,16 species and 1892 individuals weeds. Spermacoce alata (Rubiaceae) showed the highest value of Summed Dominance Ratio (23,17%) and the lowest rate of SDR Hedyotis sp., Cyperus cephalotes and Amaranthus sp. (0,65%). The diversity index of the weeds was H'= 1,2005 (moderate). Integrated weed management is a concept that prioritizes natural control by creating environmental conditions that not favorable for the development of weeds and improve the competitiveness of crops against weeds.Keywords: Weeds, corn, composition, structure, control ABSTRAK Penelitian mengenai analisis vegetasi gulma pada pertanaman jagung dan hubungannya dengan pengendalian gulma di Kelurahan Lambung Bukit, Padang, Sumatera Barat telah dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai Juni 2011. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Metode Kuadrat sebanyak 10 plot dengan ukuran 1x1 m2. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 10 famili, 15 genus, 16 jenis, dan 1892 individu gulma. Gulma yang memiliki nilai SDR tertinggi yaitu gulma jenis Spermacoce alata famili (Rubiaceae) dengan nilai Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) 23,17 % dan nilai SDR terendah Hedyotis sp., Cyperus cephalotes dan Amaranthus sp. (0,65%). Nilai indeks dari keanekaragaman jenis gulma berada pada nilai H’ = 1,2005 (sedang). Pengelolaan gulma terpadu merupakan konsep yang mengutamakan pengendalian secara alami dengan menciptakan keadaan lingkungan yang tidak menguntungkan bagi perkembangan gulma dan meningkatkan daya saing tanaman terhadap gulmaKata Kunci: Gulma, Jagung, Komposisi, Struktur, Pengendalian

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Silva, Josefa Maria Francieli da, Hercules Gustavo Santos Sarmento, Hellen Thayse Nascimento Araújo, Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira, and Lamartine Soares Cardoso de Oliveira. "Ervas daninha em pastagens: uma abordagem fitossociológica nas áreas do Ceará." Agrarian 12, no. 45 (October 12, 2019): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/agrarian.v12i45.7048.

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The aim of this study was to study the phytosociology of weed species in areas of pasture cultivated with Brachiaria decumbens and Cynodon sp. (Tifton 85), in Ceará State, Brazil. The square inventory methodology was used in order to assess the weed community. Weed samples were quantified and classified by family, genus and species, using books and classification keys. The classification and quantification data of species allowed to calculate the following phytosociological variables: frequency (F), relative frequency (Fr), density (D), relative density (Dr), absolute dominance (DoA), relative dominance (DoR), importance value index (IVI), and similarity index (IS). The Amaranthaceae family was the one with the greatest intensity of species in both areas, represented mainly by Alternanthera tenera colla and Amaranthus viridis. In the area cultivated with B. decumbens, Cyperus rotundus presented higher results for frequency, density and abundance. In the Tifton 85 area, Nicandra physalodes presented higher values of density and abundance. The similarity of weed populations in pasture areas was 42.11%, with four species common to both areas.

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Webster, C. G., C. S. Kousik, P. D. Roberts, E. N. Rosskopf, W. W. Turechek, and S. Adkins. "Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus Detected in Pigweed in Florida." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (March 2011): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-10-0813.

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Pigweeds (genus Amaranthus) are problematic weeds in crop production throughout the world and are responsible for significant yield losses in many crops (2). Members of this genus can produce hundreds of thousands of seeds per plant and are also capable of supporting populations of important crop pathogens including viruses, nematodes, fungi, and oomycetes. Thirty-one pigweed samples (tentatively identified as Amaranthus lividus L. based on leaf notch and growth habit) were collected in November and December of 2009 from a watermelon field near Immokalee, FL, previously found to contain watermelon plants infected with three whitefly-transmitted viruses: Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), and Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV). Although no obvious virus symptoms were observed on any of the pigweed plants, whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), a known vector of CYSDV, CuLCrV, and SqVYV, were observed on leaves. Consequently, replica tissue blots were made from all pigweed samples and tested independently by tissue blot nucleic acid hybridization assay for CYSDV, CuLCrV, or SqVYV (3). Tissue blots indicated CYSDV infection in six pigweed samples. Neither CuLCrV nor SqVYV was detected. Three of the tissue blot-positive pigweed samples were further tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR amplification from total RNA (extracted from leaf tissue with TRIzol Reagent [Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA]) with HSP70 and coat protein (CP) gene primers (1). HSP70 and CP gene RT-PCR products of the expected sizes (175 and 707 nt, respectively) were amplified, sequenced, and found to be 100% identical for all three pigweed samples. The partial HSP70 gene sequence from pigweed shared 98.3 to 100% nucleotide identity with CYSDV isolates from Arizona, California, and Spain (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ492808, EU596530, and NC_004810, respectively). The partial CP gene sequence from pigweed shared 88.8 to 100% nucleotide identity with CYSDV isolates from Arizona, Saudi Arabia, Texas, and Spain (GenBank Accession Nos. EF210558, AF312811, AF312806, and AF312808, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CYSDV infection of pigweed in Florida. Infection of redroot pigweed (A. retroflexus) was recently reported in California (4). These results collectively indicate that control of noncucurbit weeds may be important for effective management of CYSDV in cucurbit crops. References: (1) S. Adkins et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-1118-01-BR. Plant Health Progress, 2009. (2) L. Holm et al. World's Weeds: Natural Histories and Distributions. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, NY, 1997. (3) W. W. Turechek et al. Phytopathology 100:1194, 2010. (4) W. M. Wintermantel et al. Plant Dis. 93:685, 2009.

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Živić, Jelica, Milić Vojinović, Ivica Stančić, and Desimir Knežević. "WEED FLORA IN ALFAFLA CROPS." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.07.014.

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Alfalfa is a perennial crop that is grown several years on the same surface and because of this there are specificities in the composition and structure of the weed community. This leads to difficulties in suppresses and reduction of pests, diseases and weeds at the yield of alfalfa. The basic harmful effect of weeds is reflected through the competitiveness of water, nutrients and light. Weeds generally have low nutritional value, unpleasant smell and taste, and also affect the quality of alfalfa seeds. The most common types of economy effective perennial weed are Cirsium arvense (L), Sorghum halapense (L.), Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Cuscuta genus. All agro-technical measures, which enable good soil, quality sowing, as well as plant protection later, are the basic measures for the protection of alfalfa from long-lasting weed species. This paper is based on analysis of weeds flora in alfalfa crops in the Nis district. The presence of the fifteen most important types of weed plants was found in all nine analyzed areas of alfalfa crops. Among the weeds, most common are Agropyrum repens(L.), Amaranthus retroflexus(L.), Chenopodium hybridum(L.), Cuscuta sp.(L.), Sorghum halapense(L.).

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Saarimaa, C., M. Peltola, M. Raulio, T. R. Neu, M. S. Salkinoja-Salonen, and P. Neubauer. "Characterization of Adhesion Threads of Deinococcus geothermalis as Type IV Pili." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 19 (October 1, 2006): 7016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00608-06.

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ABSTRACT Deinococcus geothermalis E50051 forms tenuous biofilms on paper machine surfaces. Field emission electron microscopy analysis revealed peritrichous appendages which mediated cell-to-surface and cell-to-cell interactions but were absent in planktonically grown cells. The major protein component of the extracellular extract of D. geothermalis had an N-terminal sequence similar to the fimbrial protein pilin annotated in the D. geothermalis DSM 11300 draft sequence. It also showed similarity to the type IV pilin sequence of D. radiodurans and several gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Other proteins in the extract had N-terminal sequences identical to D. geothermalis proteins with conservative motifs for serine proteases, metallophosphoesterases, and proteins whose function is unknown. Periodic acid-Schiff staining for carbohydrates indicated that these extracellular proteins may be glycosylated. A further confirmation for the presence of glycoconjugates on the cell surface was obtained by confocal laser scanning imaging of living D. geothermalis cells stained with Amaranthus caudatus lectin, which specifically binds to galactose residues. The results indicate that the thread-like appendages of D. geothermalis E50051 are glycosylated type IV pili, bacterial attachment organelles which have thus far not been described for the genus Deinococcus.

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Khanam, Robayda, Saleh Ahammad Khan, and Md Abdur Rahim. "Angiosperms in Narsingdi district of Bangladesh: Class Magnoliopsida." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v27i1.47576.

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This study presents taxonomic information on 468 plant species belonging to 326 genera and 85 families of the angiospermic class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledones) from Narsingdi district of Bangladesh. In this area, Fabaceae with 53 species of 37 genera is the largest family, followed by Asteraceae with 25 species of 24 genera and Rubiaceae with 21 species of 17 genera. Ficus with eight species is appeared as the largest genus, which is followed by Persicaria and Solanum with seven species each, Lindernia with six species, Phyllanthus with five species, and Acacia, Amaranthus, Senna, Sida and Trichosanthes with four species each. Herbs are comprised of 230 (49.14%) species that are followed by trees of 120 (25.64%) species, and shrubs of 118 (25.21%) species. The similarity measured by Jaccard coefficient shows that the six upazilas of Narsingdi district are relatively more similar (75.47%) in their species composition if they are compared all together. However, the similarities vary from 9.03% to 50% if only two upazilas are compared. In this district, total 333 species have been distinguished as economically useful. The species Rauvolfia serpentina of Apocynaceae, Geophila repens of Rubiaceae and Acmella radicans of Asteraceae have been assessed as Endangered (E) in this district. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 153-171, 2020 (June)

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BATISTA, P. S. C., V. S. OLIVEIRA, A. M. CAXITO, A. J. CARVALHO, and I. ASPIAZÚ. "PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WEEDS IN CULTIVARS OF COMMON BEANS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF GROWTH IN THE NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS." Planta Daninha 34, no. 3 (September 2016): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582016340300010.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this paper was to characterize the phytosociology of weeds in function of different types of growth of common bean cultivars in the North of Minas Gerais. The study was conducted in the experimental area, located in the municipality of Janaúba, MG. The treatments consisted of eight commercial cultivars of common beans with different types of growth. The design was done in randomized blocks, with three replications. The soil preparation was conventional and the planting was done in June, with manual seeders, with a 0.5 m spacing between rows. The phytosociological survey was performed in two phases of bean cultivation, in stages V3 and R8. The method used was the square inventory one, with a 0.25 m2 frame, randomly released once in each plot. Samples of each square were identified and quantified by family, genus and species, and the sampled plants were collected with their complete structure. Next, the material was sent to a drying greenhouse with forced air circulation at 65 oC for 72 hours, for drying and determination of weight of dry matter. We also estimated the Relative Frequency, Relative Density and Relative Abundance to determine the importance value index and similarity index. At the V3 stage, the species Sorghum halepense, Brachiaria plantaginea and Boerhavia diffusa had higher importance value indexes. At the R8 stage, the Amaranthus viridis specie showed higher importance value index and dry matter. In more prostrate cultivars, the weeds present lower importance value indexes at the R8 stage.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Genus Amaranthus'

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